--- a/mobile/android/docs/index.rst
+++ b/mobile/android/docs/index.rst
@@ -16,15 +16,16 @@ Contents:
    activitystreamtelemetry
    downloadcontenttelemetry
    adjust
    mma
    defaultdomains
    shutdown
    push
    gradle
+   testcoverage
 
 Indices and tables
 ==================
 
 * :ref:`genindex`
 * :ref:`modindex`
 * :ref:`search`

new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mobile/android/docs/testcoverage.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+.. -*- Mode: rst; fill-column: 80; -*-
+
+========================================================
+ Collecting code coverage information for Android tests
+========================================================
+
+The Android-specific test suites are outlined on MDN_. A more elaborate description can be found on
+the Wiki_. This page describes how collecting code coverage information is implemented for these
+test suites.
+
+.. _MDN: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Mozilla/Android-specific_test_suites
+.. _WIKI: https://wiki.mozilla.org/Mobile/Fennec/Android/Testing
+
+Collecting and exporting code coverage information
+==================================================
+
+Relevant tools and libraries
+----------------------------
+
+JaCoCo_ is the tool used to gather code coverage data. JaCoCo uses class file
+instrumentation to record execution coverage data. It has two operating modes:
+
+- `online instrumentation`_: Class files are instrumented on-the-fly using a so
+  called Java agent. The JaCoCo agent collects execution information and dumps
+  it on request or when the JVM exits. This method is used for test suites
+  which run on the JVM.
+- `offline instrumentation`_: At runtime the pre-instrumented classes needs be
+  on the classpath instead of the original classes. In addition,
+  `jacocoagent.jar` must be put on the classpath. This method is used for test
+  suites with run on the Android emulator.
+
+JaCoCo is integrated with Gradle in two ways: a Gradle plugin (activated in the
+``build.gradle`` file as a top-level ``apply plugin: 'jacoco'``), and an
+Android-specific Gradle plugin, activated with ``android { buildTypes { debug {
+testCoverageEnabled true } } }``. These two methods of activating JaCoCo have a
+different syntax of choosing the JaCoCo tool version, and both should be
+configured to use the same version. See the
+``mobile/android/geckoview/build.gradle`` file for example usage.
+
+grcov_ is a tool implemented in Rust that transforms code coverage reports
+between formats. Among others, it supports reading JaCoCo XML reports.
+
+.. _JaCoCo: https://www.eclemma.org/jacoco/
+.. _online instrumentation: https://www.jacoco.org/jacoco/trunk/doc/agent.html
+.. _offline instrumentation: https://www.jacoco.org/jacoco/trunk/doc/offline.html
+.. _grcov: https://github.com/mozilla/grcov/
+
+Generating the coverage report artifacts
+----------------------------------------
+
+All tasks that output code coverage information do so by exporting an artifact
+named ``code-coverage-grcov.zip`` which contains a single file named
+``grcov_lcov_output.info``. The ``grcov_lcov_output.info`` file should contain
+covearge information in the lcov format. The artifact, once uploaded, is picked
+up and indexed by ActiveData_.
+
+The code that generates the ``code-coverage-grcov.zip`` artifact
+test suites generally resides in the ``CodeCoverageMixin`` class in
+``testing/mozharness/mozharness/mozilla/testing/codecoverage.py``. This mixin class is
+responsible for downloading ``grcov`` along with other artifacts from the build
+job. It is also responsible for running ``grcov`` after the tests are finished,
+to convert and merge the coverage reports.
+
+.. _ActiveData: https://wiki.mozilla.org/EngineeringProductivity/Projects/ActiveData
+
+Code coverage for android-test
+===============================
+
+The ``android-test`` suite is a JUnit test suite that runs locally on the
+host's JVM. It can be run with ``mach android test``. The test suite is
+implemented as a build task, defined at
+`taskcluster/ci/build/android-stuff.yml`.
+
+To collect code coverage from this suite, a duplicate build task is defined,
+called ``android-test-ccov``. It can be run with ``mach android test-ccov``.
+
+The mach subcommand is responsible for downloading and running ``grcov``,
+instead of the ``CodeCoverageMixin`` class. This is because the
+``android-test-ccov`` task is a build task (not a test task), so it doesn't use
+mozharness to run the tests.
+
+
+Code coverage for geckoview-junit
+==================================
+
+The `geckoview-junit`_ tests are on-device Android junit tests written for
+``geckoview``. The tests are implemented with ``mochitest``. The automation
+entry point is ``testing/mozharness/scripts/android_emulator_unittest.py``,
+which then calls ``testing/mochitest/runjunit.py``. This is an out-of-tree
+task, so a source tree clone is unavailable.
+
+To generate the coverage report, we need three things:
+
+- The classfiles before instrumentation. These are archived as a public
+  artifact during build time, and downloaded on the test machine during testing
+  time;
+- The coverage.ec file with coverage counters. This is generated while running
+  the tests on the emulator, then downloaded with ``adb pull``;
+- ``jacoco-cli``, a command-line package JaCoCo component that takes the
+  classfiles and the coverage counters as input and generates XML reports as
+  output.
+
+The ``mach android archive-geckoview-coverage-artifacts`` command archives the
+class files and exports the ``jacoco-cli`` jar file after the build is done.
+These files are later saved as public artifacts of the build.
+
+To enable offline instrumentation for the test suites, the mozconfig flag
+``--enable-java-coverage`` should be set. When the flag is checked both during
+build and test time. During test time, the flag instructs ``CodeCoverageMixin``
+to download the coverage artifacts from the build task before the tests run,
+and generate and export the reports after testing is finished. The flag also
+instructs the ``runjunit.py`` script to insert the arguments ``-e coverage
+true`` to ``am instrument``.
+
+.. _geckoview-junit: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Mozilla/Geckoview-Junit_Tests

--- a/mobile/android/mach_commands.py
+++ b/mobile/android/mach_commands.py
@@ -202,17 +202,17 @@ class MachCommands(MachCommandBase):
         if not found_reports:
             print('TEST-UNEXPECTED-FAIL | android-test | No reports found under {}'.format(gradledir))  # NOQA: E501
             return 1
 
         return ret
 
     @SubCommand('android', 'test-ccov',
                 """Run Android local unit tests in order to get a code coverage report.
-                See https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Mozilla/Android-specific_test_suites#android-test""")  # NOQA: E501
+        See https://firefox-source-docs.mozilla.org/mobile/android/fennec/testcoverage.html""")  # NOQA: E501
     @CommandArgument('args', nargs=argparse.REMAINDER)
     def android_test_ccov(self, args):
         enable_ccov = '-Penable_code_coverage'
 
         # Don't care if the tests are failing, we only want the coverage information.
         self.android_test([enable_ccov])
 
         self.gradle(self.substs['GRADLE_ANDROID_TEST_CCOV_REPORT_TASKS'] +
@@ -409,17 +409,18 @@ class MachCommands(MachCommandBase):
         # lint or checkstyle, particularly because toolchain versions
         # can change the outputs for those processes.
         self.gradle(self.substs['GRADLE_ANDROID_DEPENDENCIES_TASKS'] +
                     ["--continue"] + args, verbose=True)
 
         return 0
 
     @SubCommand('android', 'archive-geckoview-coverage-artifacts',
-                """Archive compiled geckoview classfiles to be used later in generating code coverage reports.""")  # NOQA: E501
+                """Archive compiled geckoview classfiles to be used later in generating code
+        coverage reports. See https://firefox-source-docs.mozilla.org/mobile/android/fennec/testcoverage.html""")  # NOQA: E501
     @CommandArgument('args', nargs=argparse.REMAINDER)
     def android_archive_geckoview_classfiles(self, args):
         self.gradle(self.substs['GRADLE_ANDROID_ARCHIVE_GECKOVIEW_COVERAGE_ARTIFACTS_TASKS'] +
                     ["--continue"] + args, verbose=True)
 
         return 0
 
     @SubCommand('android', 'archive-geckoview',