Bug 1343557 - Update gtest and gmock to 1.7.0; r?ted.mielczarek draft
authorDan Minor <dminor@mozilla.com>
Thu, 02 Mar 2017 08:59:50 -0500
changeset 494048 3bc41fa9b26e5b1c1f2cecd861e5402c676a5973
parent 490976 e150eaff1f83e4e4a97d1e30c57d233859efe9cb
child 494049 a3ed675dbcfd53af775d49dd012f61c9a8e529ec
push id47913
push userdminor@mozilla.com
push dateMon, 06 Mar 2017 13:36:36 +0000
reviewersted.mielczarek
bugs1343557
milestone54.0a1
Bug 1343557 - Update gtest and gmock to 1.7.0; r?ted.mielczarek Import made from git revision ba638689e40fc60c2e5194fc777bf30541deeff8. MozReview-Commit-ID: 3tks0D8npiP
testing/gtest/gmock/CHANGES
testing/gtest/gmock/COPYING
testing/gtest/gmock/LICENSE
testing/gtest/gmock/include/gmock/gmock-actions.h
testing/gtest/gmock/include/gmock/gmock-cardinalities.h
testing/gtest/gmock/include/gmock/gmock-generated-actions.h
testing/gtest/gmock/include/gmock/gmock-generated-actions.h.pump
testing/gtest/gmock/include/gmock/gmock-generated-function-mockers.h
testing/gtest/gmock/include/gmock/gmock-generated-function-mockers.h.pump
testing/gtest/gmock/include/gmock/gmock-generated-matchers.h
testing/gtest/gmock/include/gmock/gmock-generated-matchers.h.pump
testing/gtest/gmock/include/gmock/gmock-generated-nice-strict.h
testing/gtest/gmock/include/gmock/gmock-generated-nice-strict.h.pump
testing/gtest/gmock/include/gmock/gmock-matchers.h
testing/gtest/gmock/include/gmock/gmock-more-actions.h
testing/gtest/gmock/include/gmock/gmock-more-matchers.h
testing/gtest/gmock/include/gmock/gmock-spec-builders.h
testing/gtest/gmock/include/gmock/gmock.h
testing/gtest/gmock/include/gmock/internal/custom/gmock-generated-actions.h
testing/gtest/gmock/include/gmock/internal/custom/gmock-generated-actions.h.pump
testing/gtest/gmock/include/gmock/internal/custom/gmock-matchers.h
testing/gtest/gmock/include/gmock/internal/custom/gmock-port.h
testing/gtest/gmock/include/gmock/internal/gmock-generated-internal-utils.h
testing/gtest/gmock/include/gmock/internal/gmock-generated-internal-utils.h.pump
testing/gtest/gmock/include/gmock/internal/gmock-internal-utils.h
testing/gtest/gmock/include/gmock/internal/gmock-port.h
testing/gtest/gmock/src/gmock-cardinalities.cc
testing/gtest/gmock/src/gmock-internal-utils.cc
testing/gtest/gmock/src/gmock-matchers.cc
testing/gtest/gmock/src/gmock-spec-builders.cc
testing/gtest/gmock/src/gmock.cc
testing/gtest/gmock/src/gmock_main.cc
testing/gtest/gtest/CHANGES
testing/gtest/gtest/COPYING
testing/gtest/gtest/LICENSE
testing/gtest/gtest/include/gtest/gtest-death-test.h
testing/gtest/gtest/include/gtest/gtest-message.h
testing/gtest/gtest/include/gtest/gtest-param-test.h
testing/gtest/gtest/include/gtest/gtest-param-test.h.pump
testing/gtest/gtest/include/gtest/gtest-printers.h
testing/gtest/gtest/include/gtest/gtest-spi.h
testing/gtest/gtest/include/gtest/gtest-test-part.h
testing/gtest/gtest/include/gtest/gtest-typed-test.h
testing/gtest/gtest/include/gtest/gtest.h
testing/gtest/gtest/include/gtest/gtest_pred_impl.h
testing/gtest/gtest/include/gtest/internal/custom/gtest-port.h
testing/gtest/gtest/include/gtest/internal/custom/gtest-printers.h
testing/gtest/gtest/include/gtest/internal/custom/gtest.h
testing/gtest/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-death-test-internal.h
testing/gtest/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-filepath.h
testing/gtest/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-internal.h
testing/gtest/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-linked_ptr.h
testing/gtest/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-param-util-generated.h
testing/gtest/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-param-util-generated.h.pump
testing/gtest/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-param-util.h
testing/gtest/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-port-arch.h
testing/gtest/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-port.h
testing/gtest/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-string.h
testing/gtest/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-tuple.h
testing/gtest/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-tuple.h.pump
testing/gtest/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-type-util.h
testing/gtest/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-type-util.h.pump
testing/gtest/gtest/src/gtest-death-test.cc
testing/gtest/gtest/src/gtest-filepath.cc
testing/gtest/gtest/src/gtest-internal-inl.h
testing/gtest/gtest/src/gtest-port.cc
testing/gtest/gtest/src/gtest-printers.cc
testing/gtest/gtest/src/gtest-test-part.cc
testing/gtest/gtest/src/gtest-typed-test.cc
testing/gtest/gtest/src/gtest.cc
testing/gtest/gtest/src/gtest_main.cc
--- a/testing/gtest/gmock/CHANGES
+++ b/testing/gtest/gmock/CHANGES
@@ -1,8 +1,42 @@
+Changes for 1.7.0:
+
+* All new improvements in Google Test 1.7.0.
+* New feature: matchers DoubleNear(), FloatNear(),
+  NanSensitiveDoubleNear(), NanSensitiveFloatNear(),
+  UnorderedElementsAre(), UnorderedElementsAreArray(), WhenSorted(),
+  WhenSortedBy(), IsEmpty(), and SizeIs().
+* Improvement: Google Mock can now be built as a DLL.
+* Improvement: when compiled by a C++11 compiler, matchers AllOf()
+  and AnyOf() can accept an arbitrary number of matchers.
+* Improvement: when compiled by a C++11 compiler, matchers
+  ElementsAreArray() can accept an initializer list.
+* Improvement: when exceptions are enabled, a mock method with no
+  default action now throws instead crashing the test.
+* Improvement: added class testing::StringMatchResultListener to aid
+  definition of composite matchers.
+* Improvement: function return types used in MOCK_METHOD*() macros can
+  now contain unprotected commas.
+* Improvement (potentially breaking): EXPECT_THAT() and ASSERT_THAT()
+  are now more strict in ensuring that the value type and the matcher
+  type are compatible, catching potential bugs in tests.
+* Improvement: Pointee() now works on an optional<T>.
+* Improvement: the ElementsAreArray() matcher can now take a vector or
+  iterator range as input, and makes a copy of its input elements
+  before the conversion to a Matcher.
+* Improvement: the Google Mock Generator can now generate mocks for
+  some class templates.
+* Bug fix: mock object destruction triggerred by another mock object's
+  destruction no longer hangs.
+* Improvement: Google Mock Doctor works better with newer Clang and
+  GCC now.
+* Compatibility fixes.
+* Bug/warning fixes.
+
 Changes for 1.6.0:
 
 * Compilation is much faster and uses much less memory, especially
   when the constructor and destructor of a mock class are moved out of
   the class body.
 * New matchers: Pointwise(), Each().
 * New actions: ReturnPointee() and ReturnRefOfCopy().
 * CMake support.
rename from testing/gtest/gmock/COPYING
rename to testing/gtest/gmock/LICENSE
--- a/testing/gtest/gmock/include/gmock/gmock-actions.h
+++ b/testing/gtest/gmock/include/gmock/gmock-actions.h
@@ -31,61 +31,100 @@
 
 // Google Mock - a framework for writing C++ mock classes.
 //
 // This file implements some commonly used actions.
 
 #ifndef GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_GMOCK_ACTIONS_H_
 #define GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_GMOCK_ACTIONS_H_
 
-#include <algorithm>
-#include <string>
-
 #ifndef _WIN32_WCE
 # include <errno.h>
 #endif
 
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <string>
+
 #include "gmock/internal/gmock-internal-utils.h"
 #include "gmock/internal/gmock-port.h"
 
+#if GTEST_HAS_STD_TYPE_TRAITS_  // Defined by gtest-port.h via gmock-port.h.
+#include <type_traits>
+#endif
+
 namespace testing {
 
 // To implement an action Foo, define:
 //   1. a class FooAction that implements the ActionInterface interface, and
 //   2. a factory function that creates an Action object from a
 //      const FooAction*.
 //
 // The two-level delegation design follows that of Matcher, providing
 // consistency for extension developers.  It also eases ownership
 // management as Action objects can now be copied like plain values.
 
 namespace internal {
 
 template <typename F1, typename F2>
 class ActionAdaptor;
 
-// BuiltInDefaultValue<T>::Get() returns the "built-in" default
-// value for type T, which is NULL when T is a pointer type, 0 when T
-// is a numeric type, false when T is bool, or "" when T is string or
-// std::string.  For any other type T, this value is undefined and the
-// function will abort the process.
+// BuiltInDefaultValueGetter<T, true>::Get() returns a
+// default-constructed T value.  BuiltInDefaultValueGetter<T,
+// false>::Get() crashes with an error.
+//
+// This primary template is used when kDefaultConstructible is true.
+template <typename T, bool kDefaultConstructible>
+struct BuiltInDefaultValueGetter {
+  static T Get() { return T(); }
+};
 template <typename T>
-class BuiltInDefaultValue {
- public:
-  // This function returns true iff type T has a built-in default value.
-  static bool Exists() { return false; }
+struct BuiltInDefaultValueGetter<T, false> {
   static T Get() {
     Assert(false, __FILE__, __LINE__,
            "Default action undefined for the function return type.");
     return internal::Invalid<T>();
     // The above statement will never be reached, but is required in
     // order for this function to compile.
   }
 };
 
+// BuiltInDefaultValue<T>::Get() returns the "built-in" default value
+// for type T, which is NULL when T is a raw pointer type, 0 when T is
+// a numeric type, false when T is bool, or "" when T is string or
+// std::string.  In addition, in C++11 and above, it turns a
+// default-constructed T value if T is default constructible.  For any
+// other type T, the built-in default T value is undefined, and the
+// function will abort the process.
+template <typename T>
+class BuiltInDefaultValue {
+ public:
+#if GTEST_HAS_STD_TYPE_TRAITS_
+  // This function returns true iff type T has a built-in default value.
+  static bool Exists() {
+    return ::std::is_default_constructible<T>::value;
+  }
+
+  static T Get() {
+    return BuiltInDefaultValueGetter<
+        T, ::std::is_default_constructible<T>::value>::Get();
+  }
+
+#else  // GTEST_HAS_STD_TYPE_TRAITS_
+  // This function returns true iff type T has a built-in default value.
+  static bool Exists() {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  static T Get() {
+    return BuiltInDefaultValueGetter<T, false>::Get();
+  }
+
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_TYPE_TRAITS_
+};
+
 // This partial specialization says that we use the same built-in
 // default value for T and const T.
 template <typename T>
 class BuiltInDefaultValue<const T> {
  public:
   static bool Exists() { return BuiltInDefaultValue<T>::Exists(); }
   static T Get() { return BuiltInDefaultValue<T>::Get(); }
 };
@@ -158,44 +197,81 @@ GMOCK_DEFINE_DEFAULT_ACTION_FOR_RETURN_T
 //   // Sets the default value for type T to be foo.
 //   DefaultValue<T>::Set(foo);
 template <typename T>
 class DefaultValue {
  public:
   // Sets the default value for type T; requires T to be
   // copy-constructable and have a public destructor.
   static void Set(T x) {
-    delete value_;
-    value_ = new T(x);
+    delete producer_;
+    producer_ = new FixedValueProducer(x);
+  }
+
+  // Provides a factory function to be called to generate the default value.
+  // This method can be used even if T is only move-constructible, but it is not
+  // limited to that case.
+  typedef T (*FactoryFunction)();
+  static void SetFactory(FactoryFunction factory) {
+    delete producer_;
+    producer_ = new FactoryValueProducer(factory);
   }
 
   // Unsets the default value for type T.
   static void Clear() {
-    delete value_;
-    value_ = NULL;
+    delete producer_;
+    producer_ = NULL;
   }
 
   // Returns true iff the user has set the default value for type T.
-  static bool IsSet() { return value_ != NULL; }
+  static bool IsSet() { return producer_ != NULL; }
 
   // Returns true if T has a default return value set by the user or there
   // exists a built-in default value.
   static bool Exists() {
     return IsSet() || internal::BuiltInDefaultValue<T>::Exists();
   }
 
   // Returns the default value for type T if the user has set one;
-  // otherwise returns the built-in default value if there is one;
-  // otherwise aborts the process.
+  // otherwise returns the built-in default value. Requires that Exists()
+  // is true, which ensures that the return value is well-defined.
   static T Get() {
-    return value_ == NULL ?
-        internal::BuiltInDefaultValue<T>::Get() : *value_;
+    return producer_ == NULL ?
+        internal::BuiltInDefaultValue<T>::Get() : producer_->Produce();
   }
+
  private:
-  static const T* value_;
+  class ValueProducer {
+   public:
+    virtual ~ValueProducer() {}
+    virtual T Produce() = 0;
+  };
+
+  class FixedValueProducer : public ValueProducer {
+   public:
+    explicit FixedValueProducer(T value) : value_(value) {}
+    virtual T Produce() { return value_; }
+
+   private:
+    const T value_;
+    GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(FixedValueProducer);
+  };
+
+  class FactoryValueProducer : public ValueProducer {
+   public:
+    explicit FactoryValueProducer(FactoryFunction factory)
+        : factory_(factory) {}
+    virtual T Produce() { return factory_(); }
+
+   private:
+    const FactoryFunction factory_;
+    GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(FactoryValueProducer);
+  };
+
+  static ValueProducer* producer_;
 };
 
 // This partial specialization allows a user to set default values for
 // reference types.
 template <typename T>
 class DefaultValue<T&> {
  public:
   // Sets the default value for type T&.
@@ -219,32 +295,33 @@ class DefaultValue<T&> {
 
   // Returns the default value for type T& if the user has set one;
   // otherwise returns the built-in default value if there is one;
   // otherwise aborts the process.
   static T& Get() {
     return address_ == NULL ?
         internal::BuiltInDefaultValue<T&>::Get() : *address_;
   }
+
  private:
   static T* address_;
 };
 
 // This specialization allows DefaultValue<void>::Get() to
 // compile.
 template <>
 class DefaultValue<void> {
  public:
   static bool Exists() { return true; }
   static void Get() {}
 };
 
 // Points to the user-set default value for type T.
 template <typename T>
-const T* DefaultValue<T>::value_ = NULL;
+typename DefaultValue<T>::ValueProducer* DefaultValue<T>::producer_ = NULL;
 
 // Points to the user-set default value for type T&.
 template <typename T>
 T* DefaultValue<T&>::address_ = NULL;
 
 // Implement this interface to define an action for function type F.
 template <typename F>
 class ActionInterface {
@@ -416,16 +493,24 @@ class ActionAdaptor : public ActionInter
   }
 
  private:
   const internal::linked_ptr<ActionInterface<F2> > impl_;
 
   GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(ActionAdaptor);
 };
 
+// Helper struct to specialize ReturnAction to execute a move instead of a copy
+// on return. Useful for move-only types, but could be used on any type.
+template <typename T>
+struct ByMoveWrapper {
+  explicit ByMoveWrapper(T value) : payload(internal::move(value)) {}
+  T payload;
+};
+
 // Implements the polymorphic Return(x) action, which can be used in
 // any function that returns the type of x, regardless of the argument
 // types.
 //
 // Note: The value passed into Return must be converted into
 // Function<F>::Result when this action is cast to Action<F> rather than
 // when that action is performed. This is important in scenarios like
 //
@@ -446,79 +531,114 @@ class ActionAdaptor : public ActionInter
 // good place for that.
 //
 template <typename R>
 class ReturnAction {
  public:
   // Constructs a ReturnAction object from the value to be returned.
   // 'value' is passed by value instead of by const reference in order
   // to allow Return("string literal") to compile.
-  explicit ReturnAction(R value) : value_(value) {}
+  explicit ReturnAction(R value) : value_(new R(internal::move(value))) {}
 
   // This template type conversion operator allows Return(x) to be
   // used in ANY function that returns x's type.
   template <typename F>
   operator Action<F>() const {
     // Assert statement belongs here because this is the best place to verify
     // conditions on F. It produces the clearest error messages
     // in most compilers.
     // Impl really belongs in this scope as a local class but can't
     // because MSVC produces duplicate symbols in different translation units
     // in this case. Until MS fixes that bug we put Impl into the class scope
     // and put the typedef both here (for use in assert statement) and
     // in the Impl class. But both definitions must be the same.
     typedef typename Function<F>::Result Result;
     GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_(
-        !internal::is_reference<Result>::value,
+        !is_reference<Result>::value,
         use_ReturnRef_instead_of_Return_to_return_a_reference);
-    return Action<F>(new Impl<F>(value_));
+    return Action<F>(new Impl<R, F>(value_));
   }
 
  private:
   // Implements the Return(x) action for a particular function type F.
-  template <typename F>
+  template <typename R_, typename F>
   class Impl : public ActionInterface<F> {
    public:
     typedef typename Function<F>::Result Result;
     typedef typename Function<F>::ArgumentTuple ArgumentTuple;
 
     // The implicit cast is necessary when Result has more than one
     // single-argument constructor (e.g. Result is std::vector<int>) and R
     // has a type conversion operator template.  In that case, value_(value)
     // won't compile as the compiler doesn't known which constructor of
     // Result to call.  ImplicitCast_ forces the compiler to convert R to
     // Result without considering explicit constructors, thus resolving the
     // ambiguity. value_ is then initialized using its copy constructor.
-    explicit Impl(R value)
-        : value_(::testing::internal::ImplicitCast_<Result>(value)) {}
+    explicit Impl(const linked_ptr<R>& value)
+        : value_before_cast_(*value),
+          value_(ImplicitCast_<Result>(value_before_cast_)) {}
 
     virtual Result Perform(const ArgumentTuple&) { return value_; }
 
    private:
-    GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_(!internal::is_reference<Result>::value,
+    GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_(!is_reference<Result>::value,
                           Result_cannot_be_a_reference_type);
+    // We save the value before casting just in case it is being cast to a
+    // wrapper type.
+    R value_before_cast_;
     Result value_;
 
+    GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(Impl);
+  };
+
+  // Partially specialize for ByMoveWrapper. This version of ReturnAction will
+  // move its contents instead.
+  template <typename R_, typename F>
+  class Impl<ByMoveWrapper<R_>, F> : public ActionInterface<F> {
+   public:
+    typedef typename Function<F>::Result Result;
+    typedef typename Function<F>::ArgumentTuple ArgumentTuple;
+
+    explicit Impl(const linked_ptr<R>& wrapper)
+        : performed_(false), wrapper_(wrapper) {}
+
+    virtual Result Perform(const ArgumentTuple&) {
+      GTEST_CHECK_(!performed_)
+          << "A ByMove() action should only be performed once.";
+      performed_ = true;
+      return internal::move(wrapper_->payload);
+    }
+
+   private:
+    bool performed_;
+    const linked_ptr<R> wrapper_;
+
     GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(Impl);
   };
 
-  R value_;
+  const linked_ptr<R> value_;
 
   GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(ReturnAction);
 };
 
 // Implements the ReturnNull() action.
 class ReturnNullAction {
  public:
-  // Allows ReturnNull() to be used in any pointer-returning function.
+  // Allows ReturnNull() to be used in any pointer-returning function. In C++11
+  // this is enforced by returning nullptr, and in non-C++11 by asserting a
+  // pointer type on compile time.
   template <typename Result, typename ArgumentTuple>
   static Result Perform(const ArgumentTuple&) {
+#if GTEST_LANG_CXX11
+    return nullptr;
+#else
     GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_(internal::is_pointer<Result>::value,
                           ReturnNull_can_be_used_to_return_a_pointer_only);
     return NULL;
+#endif  // GTEST_LANG_CXX11
   }
 };
 
 // Implements the Return() action.
 class ReturnVoidAction {
  public:
   // Allows Return() to be used in any void-returning function.
   template <typename Result, typename ArgumentTuple>
@@ -685,17 +805,17 @@ class SetArgumentPointeeAction {
  public:
   // Constructs an action that sets the variable pointed to by the
   // N-th function argument to 'value'.
   explicit SetArgumentPointeeAction(const A& value) : value_(value) {}
 
   template <typename Result, typename ArgumentTuple>
   void Perform(const ArgumentTuple& args) const {
     CompileAssertTypesEqual<void, Result>();
-    *::std::tr1::get<N>(args) = value_;
+    *::testing::get<N>(args) = value_;
   }
 
  private:
   const A value_;
 
   GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(SetArgumentPointeeAction);
 };
 
@@ -708,17 +828,17 @@ class SetArgumentPointeeAction<N, Proto,
   // implementation works for both.
   explicit SetArgumentPointeeAction(const Proto& proto) : proto_(new Proto) {
     proto_->CopyFrom(proto);
   }
 
   template <typename Result, typename ArgumentTuple>
   void Perform(const ArgumentTuple& args) const {
     CompileAssertTypesEqual<void, Result>();
-    ::std::tr1::get<N>(args)->CopyFrom(*proto_);
+    ::testing::get<N>(args)->CopyFrom(*proto_);
   }
 
  private:
   const internal::linked_ptr<Proto> proto_;
 
   GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(SetArgumentPointeeAction);
 };
 
@@ -934,17 +1054,17 @@ template <typename From>
 Action<To>::Action(const Action<From>& from)
     : impl_(new internal::ActionAdaptor<To, From>(from)) {}
 
 // Creates an action that returns 'value'.  'value' is passed by value
 // instead of const reference - otherwise Return("string literal")
 // will trigger a compiler error about using array as initializer.
 template <typename R>
 internal::ReturnAction<R> Return(R value) {
-  return internal::ReturnAction<R>(value);
+  return internal::ReturnAction<R>(internal::move(value));
 }
 
 // Creates an action that returns NULL.
 inline PolymorphicAction<internal::ReturnNullAction> ReturnNull() {
   return MakePolymorphicAction(internal::ReturnNullAction());
 }
 
 // Creates an action that returns from a void function.
@@ -961,16 +1081,25 @@ inline internal::ReturnRefAction<R> Retu
 // Creates an action that returns the reference to a copy of the
 // argument.  The copy is created when the action is constructed and
 // lives as long as the action.
 template <typename R>
 inline internal::ReturnRefOfCopyAction<R> ReturnRefOfCopy(const R& x) {
   return internal::ReturnRefOfCopyAction<R>(x);
 }
 
+// Modifies the parent action (a Return() action) to perform a move of the
+// argument instead of a copy.
+// Return(ByMove()) actions can only be executed once and will assert this
+// invariant.
+template <typename R>
+internal::ByMoveWrapper<R> ByMove(R x) {
+  return internal::ByMoveWrapper<R>(internal::move(x));
+}
+
 // Creates an action that does the default action for the give mock function.
 inline internal::DoDefaultAction DoDefault() {
   return internal::DoDefaultAction();
 }
 
 // Creates an action that sets the variable pointed by the N-th
 // (0-based) function argument to 'value'.
 template <size_t N, typename T>
--- a/testing/gtest/gmock/include/gmock/gmock-cardinalities.h
+++ b/testing/gtest/gmock/include/gmock/gmock-cardinalities.h
@@ -75,17 +75,17 @@ class CardinalityInterface {
   virtual void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const = 0;
 };
 
 // A Cardinality is a copyable and IMMUTABLE (except by assignment)
 // object that specifies how many times a mock function is expected to
 // be called.  The implementation of Cardinality is just a linked_ptr
 // to const CardinalityInterface, so copying is fairly cheap.
 // Don't inherit from Cardinality!
-class Cardinality {
+class GTEST_API_ Cardinality {
  public:
   // Constructs a null cardinality.  Needed for storing Cardinality
   // objects in STL containers.
   Cardinality() {}
 
   // Constructs a Cardinality from its implementation.
   explicit Cardinality(const CardinalityInterface* impl) : impl_(impl) {}
 
@@ -112,34 +112,35 @@ class Cardinality {
   }
 
   // Describes self to an ostream
   void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const { impl_->DescribeTo(os); }
 
   // Describes the given actual call count to an ostream.
   static void DescribeActualCallCountTo(int actual_call_count,
                                         ::std::ostream* os);
+
  private:
   internal::linked_ptr<const CardinalityInterface> impl_;
 };
 
 // Creates a cardinality that allows at least n calls.
-Cardinality AtLeast(int n);
+GTEST_API_ Cardinality AtLeast(int n);
 
 // Creates a cardinality that allows at most n calls.
-Cardinality AtMost(int n);
+GTEST_API_ Cardinality AtMost(int n);
 
 // Creates a cardinality that allows any number of calls.
-Cardinality AnyNumber();
+GTEST_API_ Cardinality AnyNumber();
 
 // Creates a cardinality that allows between min and max calls.
-Cardinality Between(int min, int max);
+GTEST_API_ Cardinality Between(int min, int max);
 
 // Creates a cardinality that allows exactly n calls.
-Cardinality Exactly(int n);
+GTEST_API_ Cardinality Exactly(int n);
 
 // Creates a cardinality from its implementation.
 inline Cardinality MakeCardinality(const CardinalityInterface* c) {
   return Cardinality(c);
 }
 
 }  // namespace testing
 
--- a/testing/gtest/gmock/include/gmock/gmock-generated-actions.h
+++ b/testing/gtest/gmock/include/gmock/gmock-generated-actions.h
@@ -46,367 +46,250 @@ namespace internal {
 
 // InvokeHelper<F> knows how to unpack an N-tuple and invoke an N-ary
 // function or method with the unpacked values, where F is a function
 // type that takes N arguments.
 template <typename Result, typename ArgumentTuple>
 class InvokeHelper;
 
 template <typename R>
-class InvokeHelper<R, ::std::tr1::tuple<> > {
+class InvokeHelper<R, ::testing::tuple<> > {
  public:
   template <typename Function>
-  static R Invoke(Function function, const ::std::tr1::tuple<>&) {
-    return function();
+  static R Invoke(Function function, const ::testing::tuple<>&) {
+           return function();
   }
 
   template <class Class, typename MethodPtr>
   static R InvokeMethod(Class* obj_ptr,
                         MethodPtr method_ptr,
-                        const ::std::tr1::tuple<>&) {
-    return (obj_ptr->*method_ptr)();
+                        const ::testing::tuple<>&) {
+           return (obj_ptr->*method_ptr)();
   }
 };
 
 template <typename R, typename A1>
-class InvokeHelper<R, ::std::tr1::tuple<A1> > {
+class InvokeHelper<R, ::testing::tuple<A1> > {
  public:
   template <typename Function>
-  static R Invoke(Function function, const ::std::tr1::tuple<A1>& args) {
-    using ::std::tr1::get;
-    return function(get<0>(args));
+  static R Invoke(Function function, const ::testing::tuple<A1>& args) {
+           return function(get<0>(args));
   }
 
   template <class Class, typename MethodPtr>
   static R InvokeMethod(Class* obj_ptr,
                         MethodPtr method_ptr,
-                        const ::std::tr1::tuple<A1>& args) {
-    using ::std::tr1::get;
-    return (obj_ptr->*method_ptr)(get<0>(args));
+                        const ::testing::tuple<A1>& args) {
+           return (obj_ptr->*method_ptr)(get<0>(args));
   }
 };
 
 template <typename R, typename A1, typename A2>
-class InvokeHelper<R, ::std::tr1::tuple<A1, A2> > {
+class InvokeHelper<R, ::testing::tuple<A1, A2> > {
  public:
   template <typename Function>
-  static R Invoke(Function function, const ::std::tr1::tuple<A1, A2>& args) {
-    using ::std::tr1::get;
-    return function(get<0>(args), get<1>(args));
+  static R Invoke(Function function, const ::testing::tuple<A1, A2>& args) {
+           return function(get<0>(args), get<1>(args));
   }
 
   template <class Class, typename MethodPtr>
   static R InvokeMethod(Class* obj_ptr,
                         MethodPtr method_ptr,
-                        const ::std::tr1::tuple<A1, A2>& args) {
-    using ::std::tr1::get;
-    return (obj_ptr->*method_ptr)(get<0>(args), get<1>(args));
+                        const ::testing::tuple<A1, A2>& args) {
+           return (obj_ptr->*method_ptr)(get<0>(args), get<1>(args));
   }
 };
 
 template <typename R, typename A1, typename A2, typename A3>
-class InvokeHelper<R, ::std::tr1::tuple<A1, A2, A3> > {
+class InvokeHelper<R, ::testing::tuple<A1, A2, A3> > {
  public:
   template <typename Function>
-  static R Invoke(Function function, const ::std::tr1::tuple<A1, A2,
-      A3>& args) {
-    using ::std::tr1::get;
-    return function(get<0>(args), get<1>(args), get<2>(args));
+  static R Invoke(Function function, const ::testing::tuple<A1, A2, A3>& args) {
+           return function(get<0>(args), get<1>(args), get<2>(args));
   }
 
   template <class Class, typename MethodPtr>
   static R InvokeMethod(Class* obj_ptr,
                         MethodPtr method_ptr,
-                        const ::std::tr1::tuple<A1, A2, A3>& args) {
-    using ::std::tr1::get;
-    return (obj_ptr->*method_ptr)(get<0>(args), get<1>(args), get<2>(args));
+                        const ::testing::tuple<A1, A2, A3>& args) {
+           return (obj_ptr->*method_ptr)(get<0>(args), get<1>(args),
+               get<2>(args));
   }
 };
 
 template <typename R, typename A1, typename A2, typename A3, typename A4>
-class InvokeHelper<R, ::std::tr1::tuple<A1, A2, A3, A4> > {
+class InvokeHelper<R, ::testing::tuple<A1, A2, A3, A4> > {
  public:
   template <typename Function>
-  static R Invoke(Function function, const ::std::tr1::tuple<A1, A2, A3,
+  static R Invoke(Function function, const ::testing::tuple<A1, A2, A3,
       A4>& args) {
-    using ::std::tr1::get;
-    return function(get<0>(args), get<1>(args), get<2>(args), get<3>(args));
+           return function(get<0>(args), get<1>(args), get<2>(args),
+               get<3>(args));
   }
 
   template <class Class, typename MethodPtr>
   static R InvokeMethod(Class* obj_ptr,
                         MethodPtr method_ptr,
-                        const ::std::tr1::tuple<A1, A2, A3, A4>& args) {
-    using ::std::tr1::get;
-    return (obj_ptr->*method_ptr)(get<0>(args), get<1>(args), get<2>(args),
-        get<3>(args));
+                        const ::testing::tuple<A1, A2, A3, A4>& args) {
+           return (obj_ptr->*method_ptr)(get<0>(args), get<1>(args),
+               get<2>(args), get<3>(args));
   }
 };
 
 template <typename R, typename A1, typename A2, typename A3, typename A4,
     typename A5>
-class InvokeHelper<R, ::std::tr1::tuple<A1, A2, A3, A4, A5> > {
+class InvokeHelper<R, ::testing::tuple<A1, A2, A3, A4, A5> > {
  public:
   template <typename Function>
-  static R Invoke(Function function, const ::std::tr1::tuple<A1, A2, A3, A4,
+  static R Invoke(Function function, const ::testing::tuple<A1, A2, A3, A4,
       A5>& args) {
-    using ::std::tr1::get;
-    return function(get<0>(args), get<1>(args), get<2>(args), get<3>(args),
-        get<4>(args));
+           return function(get<0>(args), get<1>(args), get<2>(args),
+               get<3>(args), get<4>(args));
   }
 
   template <class Class, typename MethodPtr>
   static R InvokeMethod(Class* obj_ptr,
                         MethodPtr method_ptr,
-                        const ::std::tr1::tuple<A1, A2, A3, A4, A5>& args) {
-    using ::std::tr1::get;
-    return (obj_ptr->*method_ptr)(get<0>(args), get<1>(args), get<2>(args),
-        get<3>(args), get<4>(args));
+                        const ::testing::tuple<A1, A2, A3, A4, A5>& args) {
+           return (obj_ptr->*method_ptr)(get<0>(args), get<1>(args),
+               get<2>(args), get<3>(args), get<4>(args));
   }
 };
 
 template <typename R, typename A1, typename A2, typename A3, typename A4,
     typename A5, typename A6>
-class InvokeHelper<R, ::std::tr1::tuple<A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6> > {
+class InvokeHelper<R, ::testing::tuple<A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6> > {
  public:
   template <typename Function>
-  static R Invoke(Function function, const ::std::tr1::tuple<A1, A2, A3, A4,
-      A5, A6>& args) {
-    using ::std::tr1::get;
-    return function(get<0>(args), get<1>(args), get<2>(args), get<3>(args),
-        get<4>(args), get<5>(args));
+  static R Invoke(Function function, const ::testing::tuple<A1, A2, A3, A4, A5,
+      A6>& args) {
+           return function(get<0>(args), get<1>(args), get<2>(args),
+               get<3>(args), get<4>(args), get<5>(args));
   }
 
   template <class Class, typename MethodPtr>
   static R InvokeMethod(Class* obj_ptr,
                         MethodPtr method_ptr,
-                        const ::std::tr1::tuple<A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6>& args) {
-    using ::std::tr1::get;
-    return (obj_ptr->*method_ptr)(get<0>(args), get<1>(args), get<2>(args),
-        get<3>(args), get<4>(args), get<5>(args));
+                        const ::testing::tuple<A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6>& args) {
+           return (obj_ptr->*method_ptr)(get<0>(args), get<1>(args),
+               get<2>(args), get<3>(args), get<4>(args), get<5>(args));
   }
 };
 
 template <typename R, typename A1, typename A2, typename A3, typename A4,
     typename A5, typename A6, typename A7>
-class InvokeHelper<R, ::std::tr1::tuple<A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7> > {
+class InvokeHelper<R, ::testing::tuple<A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7> > {
  public:
   template <typename Function>
-  static R Invoke(Function function, const ::std::tr1::tuple<A1, A2, A3, A4,
-      A5, A6, A7>& args) {
-    using ::std::tr1::get;
-    return function(get<0>(args), get<1>(args), get<2>(args), get<3>(args),
-        get<4>(args), get<5>(args), get<6>(args));
+  static R Invoke(Function function, const ::testing::tuple<A1, A2, A3, A4, A5,
+      A6, A7>& args) {
+           return function(get<0>(args), get<1>(args), get<2>(args),
+               get<3>(args), get<4>(args), get<5>(args), get<6>(args));
   }
 
   template <class Class, typename MethodPtr>
   static R InvokeMethod(Class* obj_ptr,
                         MethodPtr method_ptr,
-                        const ::std::tr1::tuple<A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6,
+                        const ::testing::tuple<A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6,
                             A7>& args) {
-    using ::std::tr1::get;
-    return (obj_ptr->*method_ptr)(get<0>(args), get<1>(args), get<2>(args),
-        get<3>(args), get<4>(args), get<5>(args), get<6>(args));
+           return (obj_ptr->*method_ptr)(get<0>(args), get<1>(args),
+               get<2>(args), get<3>(args), get<4>(args), get<5>(args),
+               get<6>(args));
   }
 };
 
 template <typename R, typename A1, typename A2, typename A3, typename A4,
     typename A5, typename A6, typename A7, typename A8>
-class InvokeHelper<R, ::std::tr1::tuple<A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8> > {
+class InvokeHelper<R, ::testing::tuple<A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8> > {
  public:
   template <typename Function>
-  static R Invoke(Function function, const ::std::tr1::tuple<A1, A2, A3, A4,
-      A5, A6, A7, A8>& args) {
-    using ::std::tr1::get;
-    return function(get<0>(args), get<1>(args), get<2>(args), get<3>(args),
-        get<4>(args), get<5>(args), get<6>(args), get<7>(args));
+  static R Invoke(Function function, const ::testing::tuple<A1, A2, A3, A4, A5,
+      A6, A7, A8>& args) {
+           return function(get<0>(args), get<1>(args), get<2>(args),
+               get<3>(args), get<4>(args), get<5>(args), get<6>(args),
+               get<7>(args));
   }
 
   template <class Class, typename MethodPtr>
   static R InvokeMethod(Class* obj_ptr,
                         MethodPtr method_ptr,
-                        const ::std::tr1::tuple<A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7,
+                        const ::testing::tuple<A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7,
                             A8>& args) {
-    using ::std::tr1::get;
-    return (obj_ptr->*method_ptr)(get<0>(args), get<1>(args), get<2>(args),
-        get<3>(args), get<4>(args), get<5>(args), get<6>(args), get<7>(args));
+           return (obj_ptr->*method_ptr)(get<0>(args), get<1>(args),
+               get<2>(args), get<3>(args), get<4>(args), get<5>(args),
+               get<6>(args), get<7>(args));
   }
 };
 
 template <typename R, typename A1, typename A2, typename A3, typename A4,
     typename A5, typename A6, typename A7, typename A8, typename A9>
-class InvokeHelper<R, ::std::tr1::tuple<A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8, A9> > {
+class InvokeHelper<R, ::testing::tuple<A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8, A9> > {
  public:
   template <typename Function>
-  static R Invoke(Function function, const ::std::tr1::tuple<A1, A2, A3, A4,
-      A5, A6, A7, A8, A9>& args) {
-    using ::std::tr1::get;
-    return function(get<0>(args), get<1>(args), get<2>(args), get<3>(args),
-        get<4>(args), get<5>(args), get<6>(args), get<7>(args), get<8>(args));
+  static R Invoke(Function function, const ::testing::tuple<A1, A2, A3, A4, A5,
+      A6, A7, A8, A9>& args) {
+           return function(get<0>(args), get<1>(args), get<2>(args),
+               get<3>(args), get<4>(args), get<5>(args), get<6>(args),
+               get<7>(args), get<8>(args));
   }
 
   template <class Class, typename MethodPtr>
   static R InvokeMethod(Class* obj_ptr,
                         MethodPtr method_ptr,
-                        const ::std::tr1::tuple<A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8,
+                        const ::testing::tuple<A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8,
                             A9>& args) {
-    using ::std::tr1::get;
-    return (obj_ptr->*method_ptr)(get<0>(args), get<1>(args), get<2>(args),
-        get<3>(args), get<4>(args), get<5>(args), get<6>(args), get<7>(args),
-        get<8>(args));
+           return (obj_ptr->*method_ptr)(get<0>(args), get<1>(args),
+               get<2>(args), get<3>(args), get<4>(args), get<5>(args),
+               get<6>(args), get<7>(args), get<8>(args));
   }
 };
 
 template <typename R, typename A1, typename A2, typename A3, typename A4,
     typename A5, typename A6, typename A7, typename A8, typename A9,
     typename A10>
-class InvokeHelper<R, ::std::tr1::tuple<A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8, A9,
+class InvokeHelper<R, ::testing::tuple<A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8, A9,
     A10> > {
  public:
   template <typename Function>
-  static R Invoke(Function function, const ::std::tr1::tuple<A1, A2, A3, A4,
-      A5, A6, A7, A8, A9, A10>& args) {
-    using ::std::tr1::get;
-    return function(get<0>(args), get<1>(args), get<2>(args), get<3>(args),
-        get<4>(args), get<5>(args), get<6>(args), get<7>(args), get<8>(args),
-        get<9>(args));
+  static R Invoke(Function function, const ::testing::tuple<A1, A2, A3, A4, A5,
+      A6, A7, A8, A9, A10>& args) {
+           return function(get<0>(args), get<1>(args), get<2>(args),
+               get<3>(args), get<4>(args), get<5>(args), get<6>(args),
+               get<7>(args), get<8>(args), get<9>(args));
   }
 
   template <class Class, typename MethodPtr>
   static R InvokeMethod(Class* obj_ptr,
                         MethodPtr method_ptr,
-                        const ::std::tr1::tuple<A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8,
+                        const ::testing::tuple<A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8,
                             A9, A10>& args) {
-    using ::std::tr1::get;
-    return (obj_ptr->*method_ptr)(get<0>(args), get<1>(args), get<2>(args),
-        get<3>(args), get<4>(args), get<5>(args), get<6>(args), get<7>(args),
-        get<8>(args), get<9>(args));
+           return (obj_ptr->*method_ptr)(get<0>(args), get<1>(args),
+               get<2>(args), get<3>(args), get<4>(args), get<5>(args),
+               get<6>(args), get<7>(args), get<8>(args), get<9>(args));
   }
 };
 
-// CallableHelper has static methods for invoking "callables",
-// i.e. function pointers and functors.  It uses overloading to
-// provide a uniform interface for invoking different kinds of
-// callables.  In particular, you can use:
-//
-//   CallableHelper<R>::Call(callable, a1, a2, ..., an)
-//
-// to invoke an n-ary callable, where R is its return type.  If an
-// argument, say a2, needs to be passed by reference, you should write
-// ByRef(a2) instead of a2 in the above expression.
-template <typename R>
-class CallableHelper {
- public:
-  // Calls a nullary callable.
-  template <typename Function>
-  static R Call(Function function) { return function(); }
-
-  // Calls a unary callable.
-
-  // We deliberately pass a1 by value instead of const reference here
-  // in case it is a C-string literal.  If we had declared the
-  // parameter as 'const A1& a1' and write Call(function, "Hi"), the
-  // compiler would've thought A1 is 'char[3]', which causes trouble
-  // when you need to copy a value of type A1.  By declaring the
-  // parameter as 'A1 a1', the compiler will correctly infer that A1
-  // is 'const char*' when it sees Call(function, "Hi").
-  //
-  // Since this function is defined inline, the compiler can get rid
-  // of the copying of the arguments.  Therefore the performance won't
-  // be hurt.
-  template <typename Function, typename A1>
-  static R Call(Function function, A1 a1) { return function(a1); }
-
-  // Calls a binary callable.
-  template <typename Function, typename A1, typename A2>
-  static R Call(Function function, A1 a1, A2 a2) {
-    return function(a1, a2);
-  }
-
-  // Calls a ternary callable.
-  template <typename Function, typename A1, typename A2, typename A3>
-  static R Call(Function function, A1 a1, A2 a2, A3 a3) {
-    return function(a1, a2, a3);
-  }
-
-  // Calls a 4-ary callable.
-  template <typename Function, typename A1, typename A2, typename A3,
-      typename A4>
-  static R Call(Function function, A1 a1, A2 a2, A3 a3, A4 a4) {
-    return function(a1, a2, a3, a4);
-  }
-
-  // Calls a 5-ary callable.
-  template <typename Function, typename A1, typename A2, typename A3,
-      typename A4, typename A5>
-  static R Call(Function function, A1 a1, A2 a2, A3 a3, A4 a4, A5 a5) {
-    return function(a1, a2, a3, a4, a5);
-  }
-
-  // Calls a 6-ary callable.
-  template <typename Function, typename A1, typename A2, typename A3,
-      typename A4, typename A5, typename A6>
-  static R Call(Function function, A1 a1, A2 a2, A3 a3, A4 a4, A5 a5, A6 a6) {
-    return function(a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6);
-  }
-
-  // Calls a 7-ary callable.
-  template <typename Function, typename A1, typename A2, typename A3,
-      typename A4, typename A5, typename A6, typename A7>
-  static R Call(Function function, A1 a1, A2 a2, A3 a3, A4 a4, A5 a5, A6 a6,
-      A7 a7) {
-    return function(a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7);
-  }
-
-  // Calls a 8-ary callable.
-  template <typename Function, typename A1, typename A2, typename A3,
-      typename A4, typename A5, typename A6, typename A7, typename A8>
-  static R Call(Function function, A1 a1, A2 a2, A3 a3, A4 a4, A5 a5, A6 a6,
-      A7 a7, A8 a8) {
-    return function(a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7, a8);
-  }
-
-  // Calls a 9-ary callable.
-  template <typename Function, typename A1, typename A2, typename A3,
-      typename A4, typename A5, typename A6, typename A7, typename A8,
-      typename A9>
-  static R Call(Function function, A1 a1, A2 a2, A3 a3, A4 a4, A5 a5, A6 a6,
-      A7 a7, A8 a8, A9 a9) {
-    return function(a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7, a8, a9);
-  }
-
-  // Calls a 10-ary callable.
-  template <typename Function, typename A1, typename A2, typename A3,
-      typename A4, typename A5, typename A6, typename A7, typename A8,
-      typename A9, typename A10>
-  static R Call(Function function, A1 a1, A2 a2, A3 a3, A4 a4, A5 a5, A6 a6,
-      A7 a7, A8 a8, A9 a9, A10 a10) {
-    return function(a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7, a8, a9, a10);
-  }
-
-};  // class CallableHelper
-
 // An INTERNAL macro for extracting the type of a tuple field.  It's
 // subject to change without notice - DO NOT USE IN USER CODE!
 #define GMOCK_FIELD_(Tuple, N) \
-    typename ::std::tr1::tuple_element<N, Tuple>::type
+    typename ::testing::tuple_element<N, Tuple>::type
 
 // SelectArgs<Result, ArgumentTuple, k1, k2, ..., k_n>::type is the
 // type of an n-ary function whose i-th (1-based) argument type is the
 // k{i}-th (0-based) field of ArgumentTuple, which must be a tuple
 // type, and whose return type is Result.  For example,
-//   SelectArgs<int, ::std::tr1::tuple<bool, char, double, long>, 0, 3>::type
+//   SelectArgs<int, ::testing::tuple<bool, char, double, long>, 0, 3>::type
 // is int(bool, long).
 //
 // SelectArgs<Result, ArgumentTuple, k1, k2, ..., k_n>::Select(args)
 // returns the selected fields (k1, k2, ..., k_n) of args as a tuple.
 // For example,
-//   SelectArgs<int, ::std::tr1::tuple<bool, char, double>, 2, 0>::Select(
-//       ::std::tr1::make_tuple(true, 'a', 2.5))
-// returns ::std::tr1::tuple (2.5, true).
+//   SelectArgs<int, tuple<bool, char, double>, 2, 0>::Select(
+//       ::testing::make_tuple(true, 'a', 2.5))
+// returns tuple (2.5, true).
 //
 // The numbers in list k1, k2, ..., k_n must be >= 0, where n can be
 // in the range [0, 10].  Duplicates are allowed and they don't have
 // to be in an ascending or descending order.
 
 template <typename Result, typename ArgumentTuple, int k1, int k2, int k3,
     int k4, int k5, int k6, int k7, int k8, int k9, int k10>
 class SelectArgs {
@@ -414,134 +297,125 @@ class SelectArgs {
   typedef Result type(GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k1),
       GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k2), GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k3),
       GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k4), GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k5),
       GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k6), GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k7),
       GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k8), GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k9),
       GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k10));
   typedef typename Function<type>::ArgumentTuple SelectedArgs;
   static SelectedArgs Select(const ArgumentTuple& args) {
-    using ::std::tr1::get;
     return SelectedArgs(get<k1>(args), get<k2>(args), get<k3>(args),
         get<k4>(args), get<k5>(args), get<k6>(args), get<k7>(args),
         get<k8>(args), get<k9>(args), get<k10>(args));
   }
 };
 
 template <typename Result, typename ArgumentTuple>
 class SelectArgs<Result, ArgumentTuple,
                  -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1> {
  public:
   typedef Result type();
   typedef typename Function<type>::ArgumentTuple SelectedArgs;
   static SelectedArgs Select(const ArgumentTuple& /* args */) {
-    using ::std::tr1::get;
     return SelectedArgs();
   }
 };
 
 template <typename Result, typename ArgumentTuple, int k1>
 class SelectArgs<Result, ArgumentTuple,
                  k1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1> {
  public:
   typedef Result type(GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k1));
   typedef typename Function<type>::ArgumentTuple SelectedArgs;
   static SelectedArgs Select(const ArgumentTuple& args) {
-    using ::std::tr1::get;
     return SelectedArgs(get<k1>(args));
   }
 };
 
 template <typename Result, typename ArgumentTuple, int k1, int k2>
 class SelectArgs<Result, ArgumentTuple,
                  k1, k2, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1> {
  public:
   typedef Result type(GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k1),
       GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k2));
   typedef typename Function<type>::ArgumentTuple SelectedArgs;
   static SelectedArgs Select(const ArgumentTuple& args) {
-    using ::std::tr1::get;
     return SelectedArgs(get<k1>(args), get<k2>(args));
   }
 };
 
 template <typename Result, typename ArgumentTuple, int k1, int k2, int k3>
 class SelectArgs<Result, ArgumentTuple,
                  k1, k2, k3, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1> {
  public:
   typedef Result type(GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k1),
       GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k2), GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k3));
   typedef typename Function<type>::ArgumentTuple SelectedArgs;
   static SelectedArgs Select(const ArgumentTuple& args) {
-    using ::std::tr1::get;
     return SelectedArgs(get<k1>(args), get<k2>(args), get<k3>(args));
   }
 };
 
 template <typename Result, typename ArgumentTuple, int k1, int k2, int k3,
     int k4>
 class SelectArgs<Result, ArgumentTuple,
                  k1, k2, k3, k4, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1> {
  public:
   typedef Result type(GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k1),
       GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k2), GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k3),
       GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k4));
   typedef typename Function<type>::ArgumentTuple SelectedArgs;
   static SelectedArgs Select(const ArgumentTuple& args) {
-    using ::std::tr1::get;
     return SelectedArgs(get<k1>(args), get<k2>(args), get<k3>(args),
         get<k4>(args));
   }
 };
 
 template <typename Result, typename ArgumentTuple, int k1, int k2, int k3,
     int k4, int k5>
 class SelectArgs<Result, ArgumentTuple,
                  k1, k2, k3, k4, k5, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1> {
  public:
   typedef Result type(GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k1),
       GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k2), GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k3),
       GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k4), GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k5));
   typedef typename Function<type>::ArgumentTuple SelectedArgs;
   static SelectedArgs Select(const ArgumentTuple& args) {
-    using ::std::tr1::get;
     return SelectedArgs(get<k1>(args), get<k2>(args), get<k3>(args),
         get<k4>(args), get<k5>(args));
   }
 };
 
 template <typename Result, typename ArgumentTuple, int k1, int k2, int k3,
     int k4, int k5, int k6>
 class SelectArgs<Result, ArgumentTuple,
                  k1, k2, k3, k4, k5, k6, -1, -1, -1, -1> {
  public:
   typedef Result type(GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k1),
       GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k2), GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k3),
       GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k4), GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k5),
       GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k6));
   typedef typename Function<type>::ArgumentTuple SelectedArgs;
   static SelectedArgs Select(const ArgumentTuple& args) {
-    using ::std::tr1::get;
     return SelectedArgs(get<k1>(args), get<k2>(args), get<k3>(args),
         get<k4>(args), get<k5>(args), get<k6>(args));
   }
 };
 
 template <typename Result, typename ArgumentTuple, int k1, int k2, int k3,
     int k4, int k5, int k6, int k7>
 class SelectArgs<Result, ArgumentTuple,
                  k1, k2, k3, k4, k5, k6, k7, -1, -1, -1> {
  public:
   typedef Result type(GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k1),
       GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k2), GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k3),
       GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k4), GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k5),
       GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k6), GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k7));
   typedef typename Function<type>::ArgumentTuple SelectedArgs;
   static SelectedArgs Select(const ArgumentTuple& args) {
-    using ::std::tr1::get;
     return SelectedArgs(get<k1>(args), get<k2>(args), get<k3>(args),
         get<k4>(args), get<k5>(args), get<k6>(args), get<k7>(args));
   }
 };
 
 template <typename Result, typename ArgumentTuple, int k1, int k2, int k3,
     int k4, int k5, int k6, int k7, int k8>
 class SelectArgs<Result, ArgumentTuple,
@@ -549,17 +423,16 @@ class SelectArgs<Result, ArgumentTuple,
  public:
   typedef Result type(GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k1),
       GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k2), GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k3),
       GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k4), GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k5),
       GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k6), GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k7),
       GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k8));
   typedef typename Function<type>::ArgumentTuple SelectedArgs;
   static SelectedArgs Select(const ArgumentTuple& args) {
-    using ::std::tr1::get;
     return SelectedArgs(get<k1>(args), get<k2>(args), get<k3>(args),
         get<k4>(args), get<k5>(args), get<k6>(args), get<k7>(args),
         get<k8>(args));
   }
 };
 
 template <typename Result, typename ArgumentTuple, int k1, int k2, int k3,
     int k4, int k5, int k6, int k7, int k8, int k9>
@@ -568,17 +441,16 @@ class SelectArgs<Result, ArgumentTuple,
  public:
   typedef Result type(GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k1),
       GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k2), GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k3),
       GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k4), GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k5),
       GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k6), GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k7),
       GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k8), GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k9));
   typedef typename Function<type>::ArgumentTuple SelectedArgs;
   static SelectedArgs Select(const ArgumentTuple& args) {
-    using ::std::tr1::get;
     return SelectedArgs(get<k1>(args), get<k2>(args), get<k3>(args),
         get<k4>(args), get<k5>(args), get<k6>(args), get<k7>(args),
         get<k8>(args), get<k9>(args));
   }
 };
 
 #undef GMOCK_FIELD_
 
@@ -634,120 +506,109 @@ class WithArgsAction {
 // and subject to change without notice, so a user MUST NOT USE THIS
 // TYPE DIRECTLY.
 struct ExcessiveArg {};
 
 // A helper class needed for implementing the ACTION* macros.
 template <typename Result, class Impl>
 class ActionHelper {
  public:
-  static Result Perform(Impl* impl, const ::std::tr1::tuple<>& args) {
-    using ::std::tr1::get;
+  static Result Perform(Impl* impl, const ::testing::tuple<>& args) {
     return impl->template gmock_PerformImpl<>(args, ExcessiveArg(),
         ExcessiveArg(), ExcessiveArg(), ExcessiveArg(), ExcessiveArg(),
         ExcessiveArg(), ExcessiveArg(), ExcessiveArg(), ExcessiveArg(),
         ExcessiveArg());
   }
 
   template <typename A0>
-  static Result Perform(Impl* impl, const ::std::tr1::tuple<A0>& args) {
-    using ::std::tr1::get;
+  static Result Perform(Impl* impl, const ::testing::tuple<A0>& args) {
     return impl->template gmock_PerformImpl<A0>(args, get<0>(args),
         ExcessiveArg(), ExcessiveArg(), ExcessiveArg(), ExcessiveArg(),
         ExcessiveArg(), ExcessiveArg(), ExcessiveArg(), ExcessiveArg(),
         ExcessiveArg());
   }
 
   template <typename A0, typename A1>
-  static Result Perform(Impl* impl, const ::std::tr1::tuple<A0, A1>& args) {
-    using ::std::tr1::get;
+  static Result Perform(Impl* impl, const ::testing::tuple<A0, A1>& args) {
     return impl->template gmock_PerformImpl<A0, A1>(args, get<0>(args),
         get<1>(args), ExcessiveArg(), ExcessiveArg(), ExcessiveArg(),
         ExcessiveArg(), ExcessiveArg(), ExcessiveArg(), ExcessiveArg(),
         ExcessiveArg());
   }
 
   template <typename A0, typename A1, typename A2>
-  static Result Perform(Impl* impl, const ::std::tr1::tuple<A0, A1, A2>& args) {
-    using ::std::tr1::get;
+  static Result Perform(Impl* impl, const ::testing::tuple<A0, A1, A2>& args) {
     return impl->template gmock_PerformImpl<A0, A1, A2>(args, get<0>(args),
         get<1>(args), get<2>(args), ExcessiveArg(), ExcessiveArg(),
         ExcessiveArg(), ExcessiveArg(), ExcessiveArg(), ExcessiveArg(),
         ExcessiveArg());
   }
 
   template <typename A0, typename A1, typename A2, typename A3>
-  static Result Perform(Impl* impl, const ::std::tr1::tuple<A0, A1, A2,
+  static Result Perform(Impl* impl, const ::testing::tuple<A0, A1, A2,
       A3>& args) {
-    using ::std::tr1::get;
     return impl->template gmock_PerformImpl<A0, A1, A2, A3>(args, get<0>(args),
         get<1>(args), get<2>(args), get<3>(args), ExcessiveArg(),
         ExcessiveArg(), ExcessiveArg(), ExcessiveArg(), ExcessiveArg(),
         ExcessiveArg());
   }
 
   template <typename A0, typename A1, typename A2, typename A3, typename A4>
-  static Result Perform(Impl* impl, const ::std::tr1::tuple<A0, A1, A2, A3,
+  static Result Perform(Impl* impl, const ::testing::tuple<A0, A1, A2, A3,
       A4>& args) {
-    using ::std::tr1::get;
     return impl->template gmock_PerformImpl<A0, A1, A2, A3, A4>(args,
         get<0>(args), get<1>(args), get<2>(args), get<3>(args), get<4>(args),
         ExcessiveArg(), ExcessiveArg(), ExcessiveArg(), ExcessiveArg(),
         ExcessiveArg());
   }
 
   template <typename A0, typename A1, typename A2, typename A3, typename A4,
       typename A5>
-  static Result Perform(Impl* impl, const ::std::tr1::tuple<A0, A1, A2, A3, A4,
+  static Result Perform(Impl* impl, const ::testing::tuple<A0, A1, A2, A3, A4,
       A5>& args) {
-    using ::std::tr1::get;
     return impl->template gmock_PerformImpl<A0, A1, A2, A3, A4, A5>(args,
         get<0>(args), get<1>(args), get<2>(args), get<3>(args), get<4>(args),
         get<5>(args), ExcessiveArg(), ExcessiveArg(), ExcessiveArg(),
         ExcessiveArg());
   }
 
   template <typename A0, typename A1, typename A2, typename A3, typename A4,
       typename A5, typename A6>
-  static Result Perform(Impl* impl, const ::std::tr1::tuple<A0, A1, A2, A3, A4,
+  static Result Perform(Impl* impl, const ::testing::tuple<A0, A1, A2, A3, A4,
       A5, A6>& args) {
-    using ::std::tr1::get;
     return impl->template gmock_PerformImpl<A0, A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6>(args,
         get<0>(args), get<1>(args), get<2>(args), get<3>(args), get<4>(args),
         get<5>(args), get<6>(args), ExcessiveArg(), ExcessiveArg(),
         ExcessiveArg());
   }
 
   template <typename A0, typename A1, typename A2, typename A3, typename A4,
       typename A5, typename A6, typename A7>
-  static Result Perform(Impl* impl, const ::std::tr1::tuple<A0, A1, A2, A3, A4,
+  static Result Perform(Impl* impl, const ::testing::tuple<A0, A1, A2, A3, A4,
       A5, A6, A7>& args) {
-    using ::std::tr1::get;
     return impl->template gmock_PerformImpl<A0, A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6,
         A7>(args, get<0>(args), get<1>(args), get<2>(args), get<3>(args),
         get<4>(args), get<5>(args), get<6>(args), get<7>(args), ExcessiveArg(),
         ExcessiveArg());
   }
 
   template <typename A0, typename A1, typename A2, typename A3, typename A4,
       typename A5, typename A6, typename A7, typename A8>
-  static Result Perform(Impl* impl, const ::std::tr1::tuple<A0, A1, A2, A3, A4,
+  static Result Perform(Impl* impl, const ::testing::tuple<A0, A1, A2, A3, A4,
       A5, A6, A7, A8>& args) {
-    using ::std::tr1::get;
     return impl->template gmock_PerformImpl<A0, A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7,
         A8>(args, get<0>(args), get<1>(args), get<2>(args), get<3>(args),
         get<4>(args), get<5>(args), get<6>(args), get<7>(args), get<8>(args),
         ExcessiveArg());
   }
 
   template <typename A0, typename A1, typename A2, typename A3, typename A4,
       typename A5, typename A6, typename A7, typename A8, typename A9>
-  static Result Perform(Impl* impl, const ::std::tr1::tuple<A0, A1, A2, A3, A4,
+  static Result Perform(Impl* impl, const ::testing::tuple<A0, A1, A2, A3, A4,
       A5, A6, A7, A8, A9>& args) {
-    using ::std::tr1::get;
     return impl->template gmock_PerformImpl<A0, A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8,
         A9>(args, get<0>(args), get<1>(args), get<2>(args), get<3>(args),
         get<4>(args), get<5>(args), get<6>(args), get<7>(args), get<8>(args),
         get<9>(args));
   }
 };
 
 }  // namespace internal
@@ -1013,26 +874,26 @@ DoAll(Action1 a1, Action2 a2, Action3 a3
 //
 // MORE INFORMATION:
 //
 // To learn more about using these macros, please search for 'ACTION'
 // on http://code.google.com/p/googlemock/wiki/CookBook.
 
 // An internal macro needed for implementing ACTION*().
 #define GMOCK_ACTION_ARG_TYPES_AND_NAMES_UNUSED_\
-    const args_type& args GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_,\
-    arg0_type arg0 GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_,\
-    arg1_type arg1 GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_,\
-    arg2_type arg2 GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_,\
-    arg3_type arg3 GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_,\
-    arg4_type arg4 GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_,\
-    arg5_type arg5 GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_,\
-    arg6_type arg6 GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_,\
-    arg7_type arg7 GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_,\
-    arg8_type arg8 GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_,\
+    const args_type& args GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_, \
+    arg0_type arg0 GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_, \
+    arg1_type arg1 GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_, \
+    arg2_type arg2 GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_, \
+    arg3_type arg3 GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_, \
+    arg4_type arg4 GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_, \
+    arg5_type arg5 GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_, \
+    arg6_type arg6 GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_, \
+    arg7_type arg7 GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_, \
+    arg8_type arg8 GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_, \
     arg9_type arg9 GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_
 
 // Sometimes you want to give an action explicit template parameters
 // that cannot be inferred from its value parameters.  ACTION() and
 // ACTION_P*() don't support that.  ACTION_TEMPLATE() remedies that
 // and can be viewed as an extension to ACTION() and ACTION_P*().
 //
 // The syntax:
@@ -1049,17 +910,17 @@ DoAll(Action1 a1, Action2 a2, Action3 a3
 //
 // Example:
 //
 //   // DuplicateArg<k, T>(output) converts the k-th argument of the mock
 //   // function to type T and copies it to *output.
 //   ACTION_TEMPLATE(DuplicateArg,
 //                   HAS_2_TEMPLATE_PARAMS(int, k, typename, T),
 //                   AND_1_VALUE_PARAMS(output)) {
-//     *output = T(std::tr1::get<k>(args));
+//     *output = T(::testing::get<k>(args));
 //   }
 //   ...
 //     int n;
 //     EXPECT_CALL(mock, Foo(_, _))
 //         .WillOnce(DuplicateArg<1, unsigned char>(&n));
 //
 // To create an instance of an action template, write:
 //
@@ -1380,17 +1241,17 @@ DoAll(Action1 a1, Action2 a2, Action3 a3
 #define GMOCK_ACTION_CLASS_(name, value_params)\
     GTEST_CONCAT_TOKEN_(name##Action, GMOCK_INTERNAL_COUNT_##value_params)
 
 #define ACTION_TEMPLATE(name, template_params, value_params)\
   template <GMOCK_INTERNAL_DECL_##template_params\
             GMOCK_INTERNAL_DECL_TYPE_##value_params>\
   class GMOCK_ACTION_CLASS_(name, value_params) {\
    public:\
-    GMOCK_ACTION_CLASS_(name, value_params)\
+    explicit GMOCK_ACTION_CLASS_(name, value_params)\
         GMOCK_INTERNAL_INIT_##value_params {}\
     template <typename F>\
     class gmock_Impl : public ::testing::ActionInterface<F> {\
      public:\
       typedef F function_type;\
       typedef typename ::testing::internal::Function<F>::Result return_type;\
       typedef typename ::testing::internal::Function<F>::ArgumentTuple\
           args_type;\
@@ -1428,19 +1289,19 @@ DoAll(Action1 a1, Action2 a2, Action3 a3
     return GMOCK_ACTION_CLASS_(name, value_params)<\
         GMOCK_INTERNAL_LIST_##template_params\
         GMOCK_INTERNAL_LIST_TYPE_##value_params>(\
             GMOCK_INTERNAL_LIST_##value_params);\
   }\
   template <GMOCK_INTERNAL_DECL_##template_params\
             GMOCK_INTERNAL_DECL_TYPE_##value_params>\
   template <typename F>\
-  template <typename arg0_type, typename arg1_type, typename arg2_type,\
-      typename arg3_type, typename arg4_type, typename arg5_type,\
-      typename arg6_type, typename arg7_type, typename arg8_type,\
+  template <typename arg0_type, typename arg1_type, typename arg2_type, \
+      typename arg3_type, typename arg4_type, typename arg5_type, \
+      typename arg6_type, typename arg7_type, typename arg8_type, \
       typename arg9_type>\
   typename ::testing::internal::Function<F>::Result\
       GMOCK_ACTION_CLASS_(name, value_params)<\
           GMOCK_INTERNAL_LIST_##template_params\
           GMOCK_INTERNAL_LIST_TYPE_##value_params>::gmock_Impl<F>::\
               gmock_PerformImpl(\
           GMOCK_ACTION_ARG_TYPES_AND_NAMES_UNUSED_) const
 
@@ -1488,17 +1349,17 @@ DoAll(Action1 a1, Action2 a2, Action3 a3
   typename ::testing::internal::Function<F>::Result\
       name##Action::gmock_Impl<F>::gmock_PerformImpl(\
           GMOCK_ACTION_ARG_TYPES_AND_NAMES_UNUSED_) const
 
 #define ACTION_P(name, p0)\
   template <typename p0##_type>\
   class name##ActionP {\
    public:\
-    name##ActionP(p0##_type gmock_p0) : p0(gmock_p0) {}\
+    explicit name##ActionP(p0##_type gmock_p0) : p0(gmock_p0) {}\
     template <typename F>\
     class gmock_Impl : public ::testing::ActionInterface<F> {\
      public:\
       typedef F function_type;\
       typedef typename ::testing::internal::Function<F>::Result return_type;\
       typedef typename ::testing::internal::Function<F>::ArgumentTuple\
           args_type;\
       explicit gmock_Impl(p0##_type gmock_p0) : p0(gmock_p0) {}\
@@ -2212,21 +2073,19 @@ DoAll(Action1 a1, Action2 a2, Action3 a3
       typename arg6_type, typename arg7_type, typename arg8_type, \
       typename arg9_type>\
   typename ::testing::internal::Function<F>::Result\
       name##ActionP10<p0##_type, p1##_type, p2##_type, p3##_type, p4##_type, \
           p5##_type, p6##_type, p7##_type, p8##_type, \
           p9##_type>::gmock_Impl<F>::gmock_PerformImpl(\
           GMOCK_ACTION_ARG_TYPES_AND_NAMES_UNUSED_) const
 
-// TODO(wan@google.com): move the following to a different .h file
-// such that we don't have to run 'pump' every time the code is
-// updated.
 namespace testing {
 
+
 // The ACTION*() macros trigger warning C4100 (unreferenced formal
 // parameter) in MSVC with -W4.  Unfortunately they cannot be fixed in
 // the macro definition, as the warnings are generated when the macro
 // is expanded and macro expansion cannot contain #pragma.  Therefore
 // we suppress them here.
 #ifdef _MSC_VER
 # pragma warning(push)
 # pragma warning(disable:4100)
@@ -2257,91 +2116,185 @@ namespace testing {
 //     InvokeArgument<0>(string("Hello"))
 //
 //   makes a copy of the temporary string("Hello") object and passes a
 //   reference of the copy, instead of the original temporary object,
 //   to the callable.  This makes it easy for a user to define an
 //   InvokeArgument action from temporary values and have it performed
 //   later.
 
+namespace internal {
+namespace invoke_argument {
+
+// Appears in InvokeArgumentAdl's argument list to help avoid
+// accidental calls to user functions of the same name.
+struct AdlTag {};
+
+// InvokeArgumentAdl - a helper for InvokeArgument.
+// The basic overloads are provided here for generic functors.
+// Overloads for other custom-callables are provided in the
+// internal/custom/callback-actions.h header.
+
+template <typename R, typename F>
+R InvokeArgumentAdl(AdlTag, F f) {
+  return f();
+}
+template <typename R, typename F, typename A1>
+R InvokeArgumentAdl(AdlTag, F f, A1 a1) {
+  return f(a1);
+}
+template <typename R, typename F, typename A1, typename A2>
+R InvokeArgumentAdl(AdlTag, F f, A1 a1, A2 a2) {
+  return f(a1, a2);
+}
+template <typename R, typename F, typename A1, typename A2, typename A3>
+R InvokeArgumentAdl(AdlTag, F f, A1 a1, A2 a2, A3 a3) {
+  return f(a1, a2, a3);
+}
+template <typename R, typename F, typename A1, typename A2, typename A3,
+    typename A4>
+R InvokeArgumentAdl(AdlTag, F f, A1 a1, A2 a2, A3 a3, A4 a4) {
+  return f(a1, a2, a3, a4);
+}
+template <typename R, typename F, typename A1, typename A2, typename A3,
+    typename A4, typename A5>
+R InvokeArgumentAdl(AdlTag, F f, A1 a1, A2 a2, A3 a3, A4 a4, A5 a5) {
+  return f(a1, a2, a3, a4, a5);
+}
+template <typename R, typename F, typename A1, typename A2, typename A3,
+    typename A4, typename A5, typename A6>
+R InvokeArgumentAdl(AdlTag, F f, A1 a1, A2 a2, A3 a3, A4 a4, A5 a5, A6 a6) {
+  return f(a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6);
+}
+template <typename R, typename F, typename A1, typename A2, typename A3,
+    typename A4, typename A5, typename A6, typename A7>
+R InvokeArgumentAdl(AdlTag, F f, A1 a1, A2 a2, A3 a3, A4 a4, A5 a5, A6 a6,
+    A7 a7) {
+  return f(a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7);
+}
+template <typename R, typename F, typename A1, typename A2, typename A3,
+    typename A4, typename A5, typename A6, typename A7, typename A8>
+R InvokeArgumentAdl(AdlTag, F f, A1 a1, A2 a2, A3 a3, A4 a4, A5 a5, A6 a6,
+    A7 a7, A8 a8) {
+  return f(a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7, a8);
+}
+template <typename R, typename F, typename A1, typename A2, typename A3,
+    typename A4, typename A5, typename A6, typename A7, typename A8,
+    typename A9>
+R InvokeArgumentAdl(AdlTag, F f, A1 a1, A2 a2, A3 a3, A4 a4, A5 a5, A6 a6,
+    A7 a7, A8 a8, A9 a9) {
+  return f(a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7, a8, a9);
+}
+template <typename R, typename F, typename A1, typename A2, typename A3,
+    typename A4, typename A5, typename A6, typename A7, typename A8,
+    typename A9, typename A10>
+R InvokeArgumentAdl(AdlTag, F f, A1 a1, A2 a2, A3 a3, A4 a4, A5 a5, A6 a6,
+    A7 a7, A8 a8, A9 a9, A10 a10) {
+  return f(a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7, a8, a9, a10);
+}
+}  // namespace invoke_argument
+}  // namespace internal
+
 ACTION_TEMPLATE(InvokeArgument,
                 HAS_1_TEMPLATE_PARAMS(int, k),
                 AND_0_VALUE_PARAMS()) {
-  return internal::CallableHelper<return_type>::Call(
-      ::std::tr1::get<k>(args));
+  using internal::invoke_argument::InvokeArgumentAdl;
+  return InvokeArgumentAdl<return_type>(
+      internal::invoke_argument::AdlTag(),
+      ::testing::get<k>(args));
 }
 
 ACTION_TEMPLATE(InvokeArgument,
                 HAS_1_TEMPLATE_PARAMS(int, k),
                 AND_1_VALUE_PARAMS(p0)) {
-  return internal::CallableHelper<return_type>::Call(
-      ::std::tr1::get<k>(args), p0);
+  using internal::invoke_argument::InvokeArgumentAdl;
+  return InvokeArgumentAdl<return_type>(
+      internal::invoke_argument::AdlTag(),
+      ::testing::get<k>(args), p0);
 }
 
 ACTION_TEMPLATE(InvokeArgument,
                 HAS_1_TEMPLATE_PARAMS(int, k),
                 AND_2_VALUE_PARAMS(p0, p1)) {
-  return internal::CallableHelper<return_type>::Call(
-      ::std::tr1::get<k>(args), p0, p1);
+  using internal::invoke_argument::InvokeArgumentAdl;
+  return InvokeArgumentAdl<return_type>(
+      internal::invoke_argument::AdlTag(),
+      ::testing::get<k>(args), p0, p1);
 }
 
 ACTION_TEMPLATE(InvokeArgument,
                 HAS_1_TEMPLATE_PARAMS(int, k),
                 AND_3_VALUE_PARAMS(p0, p1, p2)) {
-  return internal::CallableHelper<return_type>::Call(
-      ::std::tr1::get<k>(args), p0, p1, p2);
+  using internal::invoke_argument::InvokeArgumentAdl;
+  return InvokeArgumentAdl<return_type>(
+      internal::invoke_argument::AdlTag(),
+      ::testing::get<k>(args), p0, p1, p2);
 }
 
 ACTION_TEMPLATE(InvokeArgument,
                 HAS_1_TEMPLATE_PARAMS(int, k),
                 AND_4_VALUE_PARAMS(p0, p1, p2, p3)) {
-  return internal::CallableHelper<return_type>::Call(
-      ::std::tr1::get<k>(args), p0, p1, p2, p3);
+  using internal::invoke_argument::InvokeArgumentAdl;
+  return InvokeArgumentAdl<return_type>(
+      internal::invoke_argument::AdlTag(),
+      ::testing::get<k>(args), p0, p1, p2, p3);
 }
 
 ACTION_TEMPLATE(InvokeArgument,
                 HAS_1_TEMPLATE_PARAMS(int, k),
                 AND_5_VALUE_PARAMS(p0, p1, p2, p3, p4)) {
-  return internal::CallableHelper<return_type>::Call(
-      ::std::tr1::get<k>(args), p0, p1, p2, p3, p4);
+  using internal::invoke_argument::InvokeArgumentAdl;
+  return InvokeArgumentAdl<return_type>(
+      internal::invoke_argument::AdlTag(),
+      ::testing::get<k>(args), p0, p1, p2, p3, p4);
 }
 
 ACTION_TEMPLATE(InvokeArgument,
                 HAS_1_TEMPLATE_PARAMS(int, k),
                 AND_6_VALUE_PARAMS(p0, p1, p2, p3, p4, p5)) {
-  return internal::CallableHelper<return_type>::Call(
-      ::std::tr1::get<k>(args), p0, p1, p2, p3, p4, p5);
+  using internal::invoke_argument::InvokeArgumentAdl;
+  return InvokeArgumentAdl<return_type>(
+      internal::invoke_argument::AdlTag(),
+      ::testing::get<k>(args), p0, p1, p2, p3, p4, p5);
 }
 
 ACTION_TEMPLATE(InvokeArgument,
                 HAS_1_TEMPLATE_PARAMS(int, k),
                 AND_7_VALUE_PARAMS(p0, p1, p2, p3, p4, p5, p6)) {
-  return internal::CallableHelper<return_type>::Call(
-      ::std::tr1::get<k>(args), p0, p1, p2, p3, p4, p5, p6);
+  using internal::invoke_argument::InvokeArgumentAdl;
+  return InvokeArgumentAdl<return_type>(
+      internal::invoke_argument::AdlTag(),
+      ::testing::get<k>(args), p0, p1, p2, p3, p4, p5, p6);
 }
 
 ACTION_TEMPLATE(InvokeArgument,
                 HAS_1_TEMPLATE_PARAMS(int, k),
                 AND_8_VALUE_PARAMS(p0, p1, p2, p3, p4, p5, p6, p7)) {
-  return internal::CallableHelper<return_type>::Call(
-      ::std::tr1::get<k>(args), p0, p1, p2, p3, p4, p5, p6, p7);
+  using internal::invoke_argument::InvokeArgumentAdl;
+  return InvokeArgumentAdl<return_type>(
+      internal::invoke_argument::AdlTag(),
+      ::testing::get<k>(args), p0, p1, p2, p3, p4, p5, p6, p7);
 }
 
 ACTION_TEMPLATE(InvokeArgument,
                 HAS_1_TEMPLATE_PARAMS(int, k),
                 AND_9_VALUE_PARAMS(p0, p1, p2, p3, p4, p5, p6, p7, p8)) {
-  return internal::CallableHelper<return_type>::Call(
-      ::std::tr1::get<k>(args), p0, p1, p2, p3, p4, p5, p6, p7, p8);
+  using internal::invoke_argument::InvokeArgumentAdl;
+  return InvokeArgumentAdl<return_type>(
+      internal::invoke_argument::AdlTag(),
+      ::testing::get<k>(args), p0, p1, p2, p3, p4, p5, p6, p7, p8);
 }
 
 ACTION_TEMPLATE(InvokeArgument,
                 HAS_1_TEMPLATE_PARAMS(int, k),
                 AND_10_VALUE_PARAMS(p0, p1, p2, p3, p4, p5, p6, p7, p8, p9)) {
-  return internal::CallableHelper<return_type>::Call(
-      ::std::tr1::get<k>(args), p0, p1, p2, p3, p4, p5, p6, p7, p8, p9);
+  using internal::invoke_argument::InvokeArgumentAdl;
+  return InvokeArgumentAdl<return_type>(
+      internal::invoke_argument::AdlTag(),
+      ::testing::get<k>(args), p0, p1, p2, p3, p4, p5, p6, p7, p8, p9);
 }
 
 // Various overloads for ReturnNew<T>().
 //
 // The ReturnNew<T>(a1, a2, ..., a_k) action returns a pointer to a new
 // instance of type T, constructed on the heap with constructor arguments
 // a1, a2, ..., and a_k. The caller assumes ownership of the returned value.
 ACTION_TEMPLATE(ReturnNew,
@@ -2411,9 +2364,14 @@ ACTION_TEMPLATE(ReturnNew,
 }
 
 #ifdef _MSC_VER
 # pragma warning(pop)
 #endif
 
 }  // namespace testing
 
+// Include any custom actions added by the local installation.
+// We must include this header at the end to make sure it can use the
+// declarations from this file.
+#include "gmock/internal/custom/gmock-generated-actions.h"
+
 #endif  // GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_GMOCK_GENERATED_ACTIONS_H_
--- a/testing/gtest/gmock/include/gmock/gmock-generated-actions.h.pump
+++ b/testing/gtest/gmock/include/gmock/gmock-generated-actions.h.pump
@@ -56,143 +56,82 @@ class InvokeHelper;
 
 
 $range i 0..n
 $for i [[
 $range j 1..i
 $var types = [[$for j [[, typename A$j]]]]
 $var as = [[$for j, [[A$j]]]]
 $var args = [[$if i==0 [[]] $else [[ args]]]]
-$var import = [[$if i==0 [[]] $else [[
-    using ::std::tr1::get;
-
-]]]]
 $var gets = [[$for j, [[get<$(j - 1)>(args)]]]]
 template <typename R$types>
-class InvokeHelper<R, ::std::tr1::tuple<$as> > {
+class InvokeHelper<R, ::testing::tuple<$as> > {
  public:
   template <typename Function>
-  static R Invoke(Function function, const ::std::tr1::tuple<$as>&$args) {
-$import    return function($gets);
+  static R Invoke(Function function, const ::testing::tuple<$as>&$args) {
+           return function($gets);
   }
 
   template <class Class, typename MethodPtr>
   static R InvokeMethod(Class* obj_ptr,
                         MethodPtr method_ptr,
-                        const ::std::tr1::tuple<$as>&$args) {
-$import    return (obj_ptr->*method_ptr)($gets);
+                        const ::testing::tuple<$as>&$args) {
+           return (obj_ptr->*method_ptr)($gets);
   }
 };
 
 
 ]]
-// CallableHelper has static methods for invoking "callables",
-// i.e. function pointers and functors.  It uses overloading to
-// provide a uniform interface for invoking different kinds of
-// callables.  In particular, you can use:
-//
-//   CallableHelper<R>::Call(callable, a1, a2, ..., an)
-//
-// to invoke an n-ary callable, where R is its return type.  If an
-// argument, say a2, needs to be passed by reference, you should write
-// ByRef(a2) instead of a2 in the above expression.
-template <typename R>
-class CallableHelper {
- public:
-  // Calls a nullary callable.
-  template <typename Function>
-  static R Call(Function function) { return function(); }
-
-  // Calls a unary callable.
-
-  // We deliberately pass a1 by value instead of const reference here
-  // in case it is a C-string literal.  If we had declared the
-  // parameter as 'const A1& a1' and write Call(function, "Hi"), the
-  // compiler would've thought A1 is 'char[3]', which causes trouble
-  // when you need to copy a value of type A1.  By declaring the
-  // parameter as 'A1 a1', the compiler will correctly infer that A1
-  // is 'const char*' when it sees Call(function, "Hi").
-  //
-  // Since this function is defined inline, the compiler can get rid
-  // of the copying of the arguments.  Therefore the performance won't
-  // be hurt.
-  template <typename Function, typename A1>
-  static R Call(Function function, A1 a1) { return function(a1); }
-
-$range i 2..n
-$for i
-[[
-$var arity = [[$if i==2 [[binary]] $elif i==3 [[ternary]] $else [[$i-ary]]]]
-
-  // Calls a $arity callable.
-
-$range j 1..i
-$var typename_As = [[$for j, [[typename A$j]]]]
-$var Aas = [[$for j, [[A$j a$j]]]]
-$var as = [[$for j, [[a$j]]]]
-$var typename_Ts = [[$for j, [[typename T$j]]]]
-$var Ts = [[$for j, [[T$j]]]]
-  template <typename Function, $typename_As>
-  static R Call(Function function, $Aas) {
-    return function($as);
-  }
-
-]]
-
-};  // class CallableHelper
-
 // An INTERNAL macro for extracting the type of a tuple field.  It's
 // subject to change without notice - DO NOT USE IN USER CODE!
 #define GMOCK_FIELD_(Tuple, N) \
-    typename ::std::tr1::tuple_element<N, Tuple>::type
+    typename ::testing::tuple_element<N, Tuple>::type
 
 $range i 1..n
 
 // SelectArgs<Result, ArgumentTuple, k1, k2, ..., k_n>::type is the
 // type of an n-ary function whose i-th (1-based) argument type is the
 // k{i}-th (0-based) field of ArgumentTuple, which must be a tuple
 // type, and whose return type is Result.  For example,
-//   SelectArgs<int, ::std::tr1::tuple<bool, char, double, long>, 0, 3>::type
+//   SelectArgs<int, ::testing::tuple<bool, char, double, long>, 0, 3>::type
 // is int(bool, long).
 //
 // SelectArgs<Result, ArgumentTuple, k1, k2, ..., k_n>::Select(args)
 // returns the selected fields (k1, k2, ..., k_n) of args as a tuple.
 // For example,
-//   SelectArgs<int, ::std::tr1::tuple<bool, char, double>, 2, 0>::Select(
-//       ::std::tr1::make_tuple(true, 'a', 2.5))
-// returns ::std::tr1::tuple (2.5, true).
+//   SelectArgs<int, tuple<bool, char, double>, 2, 0>::Select(
+//       ::testing::make_tuple(true, 'a', 2.5))
+// returns tuple (2.5, true).
 //
 // The numbers in list k1, k2, ..., k_n must be >= 0, where n can be
 // in the range [0, $n].  Duplicates are allowed and they don't have
 // to be in an ascending or descending order.
 
 template <typename Result, typename ArgumentTuple, $for i, [[int k$i]]>
 class SelectArgs {
  public:
   typedef Result type($for i, [[GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k$i)]]);
   typedef typename Function<type>::ArgumentTuple SelectedArgs;
   static SelectedArgs Select(const ArgumentTuple& args) {
-    using ::std::tr1::get;
     return SelectedArgs($for i, [[get<k$i>(args)]]);
   }
 };
 
 
 $for i [[
 $range j 1..n
 $range j1 1..i-1
 template <typename Result, typename ArgumentTuple$for j1[[, int k$j1]]>
 class SelectArgs<Result, ArgumentTuple,
                  $for j, [[$if j <= i-1 [[k$j]] $else [[-1]]]]> {
  public:
   typedef Result type($for j1, [[GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k$j1)]]);
   typedef typename Function<type>::ArgumentTuple SelectedArgs;
   static SelectedArgs Select(const ArgumentTuple& [[]]
 $if i == 1 [[/* args */]] $else [[args]]) {
-    using ::std::tr1::get;
     return SelectedArgs($for j1, [[get<k$j1>(args)]]);
   }
 };
 
 
 ]]
 #undef GMOCK_FIELD_
 
@@ -262,18 +201,17 @@ class ActionHelper {
 ]]]]
 $range j 0..i-1
 $var As = [[$for j, [[A$j]]]]
 $var as = [[$for j, [[get<$j>(args)]]]]
 $range k 1..n-i
 $var eas = [[$for k, [[ExcessiveArg()]]]]
 $var arg_list = [[$if (i==0) | (i==n) [[$as$eas]] $else [[$as, $eas]]]]
 $template
-  static Result Perform(Impl* impl, const ::std::tr1::tuple<$As>& args) {
-    using ::std::tr1::get;
+  static Result Perform(Impl* impl, const ::testing::tuple<$As>& args) {
     return impl->template gmock_PerformImpl<$As>(args, $arg_list);
   }
 
 ]]
 };
 
 }  // namespace internal
 
@@ -422,17 +360,17 @@ DoAll(Action1 a1$Aas) {
 // on http://code.google.com/p/googlemock/wiki/CookBook.
 
 $range i 0..n
 $range k 0..n-1
 
 // An internal macro needed for implementing ACTION*().
 #define GMOCK_ACTION_ARG_TYPES_AND_NAMES_UNUSED_\
     const args_type& args GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_
-$for k [[,\
+$for k [[, \
     arg$k[[]]_type arg$k GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_]]
 
 
 // Sometimes you want to give an action explicit template parameters
 // that cannot be inferred from its value parameters.  ACTION() and
 // ACTION_P*() don't support that.  ACTION_TEMPLATE() remedies that
 // and can be viewed as an extension to ACTION() and ACTION_P*().
 //
@@ -450,17 +388,17 @@ DoAll(Action1 a1$Aas) {
 //
 // Example:
 //
 //   // DuplicateArg<k, T>(output) converts the k-th argument of the mock
 //   // function to type T and copies it to *output.
 //   ACTION_TEMPLATE(DuplicateArg,
 //                   HAS_2_TEMPLATE_PARAMS(int, k, typename, T),
 //                   AND_1_VALUE_PARAMS(output)) {
-//     *output = T(std::tr1::get<k>(args));
+//     *output = T(::testing::get<k>(args));
 //   }
 //   ...
 //     int n;
 //     EXPECT_CALL(mock, Foo(_, _))
 //         .WillOnce(DuplicateArg<1, unsigned char>(&n));
 //
 // To create an instance of an action template, write:
 //
@@ -609,17 +547,17 @@ DoAll(Action1 a1$Aas) {
 
 $range k 0..n-1
 
 #define ACTION_TEMPLATE(name, template_params, value_params)\
   template <GMOCK_INTERNAL_DECL_##template_params\
             GMOCK_INTERNAL_DECL_TYPE_##value_params>\
   class GMOCK_ACTION_CLASS_(name, value_params) {\
    public:\
-    GMOCK_ACTION_CLASS_(name, value_params)\
+    explicit GMOCK_ACTION_CLASS_(name, value_params)\
         GMOCK_INTERNAL_INIT_##value_params {}\
     template <typename F>\
     class gmock_Impl : public ::testing::ActionInterface<F> {\
      public:\
       typedef F function_type;\
       typedef typename ::testing::internal::Function<F>::Result return_type;\
       typedef typename ::testing::internal::Function<F>::ArgumentTuple\
           args_type;\
@@ -652,19 +590,19 @@ DoAll(Action1 a1$Aas) {
     return GMOCK_ACTION_CLASS_(name, value_params)<\
         GMOCK_INTERNAL_LIST_##template_params\
         GMOCK_INTERNAL_LIST_TYPE_##value_params>(\
             GMOCK_INTERNAL_LIST_##value_params);\
   }\
   template <GMOCK_INTERNAL_DECL_##template_params\
             GMOCK_INTERNAL_DECL_TYPE_##value_params>\
   template <typename F>\
-  template <typename arg0_type, typename arg1_type, typename arg2_type,\
-      typename arg3_type, typename arg4_type, typename arg5_type,\
-      typename arg6_type, typename arg7_type, typename arg8_type,\
+  template <typename arg0_type, typename arg1_type, typename arg2_type, \
+      typename arg3_type, typename arg4_type, typename arg5_type, \
+      typename arg6_type, typename arg7_type, typename arg8_type, \
       typename arg9_type>\
   typename ::testing::internal::Function<F>::Result\
       GMOCK_ACTION_CLASS_(name, value_params)<\
           GMOCK_INTERNAL_LIST_##template_params\
           GMOCK_INTERNAL_LIST_TYPE_##value_params>::gmock_Impl<F>::\
               gmock_PerformImpl(\
           GMOCK_ACTION_ARG_TYPES_AND_NAMES_UNUSED_) const
 
@@ -697,17 +635,17 @@ DoAll(Action1 a1$Aas) {
 $var typename_arg_types = [[$for k, [[typename arg$k[[]]_type]]]]
 $var arg_types_and_names = [[$for k, [[arg$k[[]]_type arg$k]]]]
 $var macro_name = [[$if i==0 [[ACTION]] $elif i==1 [[ACTION_P]]
                                         $else [[ACTION_P$i]]]]
 
 #define $macro_name(name$for j [[, p$j]])\$template
   class $class_name {\
    public:\
-    $class_name($ctor_param_list)$inits {}\
+    [[$if i==1 [[explicit ]]]]$class_name($ctor_param_list)$inits {}\
     template <typename F>\
     class gmock_Impl : public ::testing::ActionInterface<F> {\
      public:\
       typedef F function_type;\
       typedef typename ::testing::internal::Function<F>::Result return_type;\
       typedef typename ::testing::internal::Function<F>::ArgumentTuple\
           args_type;\
       [[$if i==1 [[explicit ]]]]gmock_Impl($ctor_param_list)$inits {}\
@@ -735,21 +673,19 @@ DoAll(Action1 a1$Aas) {
   typename ::testing::internal::Function<F>::Result\
       $class_name$param_types::gmock_Impl<F>::gmock_PerformImpl(\
           GMOCK_ACTION_ARG_TYPES_AND_NAMES_UNUSED_) const
 ]]
 $$ }  // This meta comment fixes auto-indentation in Emacs.  It won't
 $$    // show up in the generated code.
 
 
-// TODO(wan@google.com): move the following to a different .h file
-// such that we don't have to run 'pump' every time the code is
-// updated.
 namespace testing {
 
+
 // The ACTION*() macros trigger warning C4100 (unreferenced formal
 // parameter) in MSVC with -W4.  Unfortunately they cannot be fixed in
 // the macro definition, as the warnings are generated when the macro
 // is expanded and macro expansion cannot contain #pragma.  Therefore
 // we suppress them here.
 #ifdef _MSC_VER
 # pragma warning(push)
 # pragma warning(disable:4100)
@@ -780,25 +716,53 @@ namespace testing {
 //     InvokeArgument<0>(string("Hello"))
 //
 //   makes a copy of the temporary string("Hello") object and passes a
 //   reference of the copy, instead of the original temporary object,
 //   to the callable.  This makes it easy for a user to define an
 //   InvokeArgument action from temporary values and have it performed
 //   later.
 
+namespace internal {
+namespace invoke_argument {
+
+// Appears in InvokeArgumentAdl's argument list to help avoid
+// accidental calls to user functions of the same name.
+struct AdlTag {};
+
+// InvokeArgumentAdl - a helper for InvokeArgument.
+// The basic overloads are provided here for generic functors.
+// Overloads for other custom-callables are provided in the
+// internal/custom/callback-actions.h header.
+
+$range i 0..n
+$for i
+[[
+$range j 1..i
+
+template <typename R, typename F[[$for j [[, typename A$j]]]]>
+R InvokeArgumentAdl(AdlTag, F f[[$for j [[, A$j a$j]]]]) {
+  return f([[$for j, [[a$j]]]]);
+}
+]]
+
+}  // namespace invoke_argument
+}  // namespace internal
+
 $range i 0..n
 $for i [[
 $range j 0..i-1
 
 ACTION_TEMPLATE(InvokeArgument,
                 HAS_1_TEMPLATE_PARAMS(int, k),
                 AND_$i[[]]_VALUE_PARAMS($for j, [[p$j]])) {
-  return internal::CallableHelper<return_type>::Call(
-      ::std::tr1::get<k>(args)$for j [[, p$j]]);
+  using internal::invoke_argument::InvokeArgumentAdl;
+  return InvokeArgumentAdl<return_type>(
+      internal::invoke_argument::AdlTag(),
+      ::testing::get<k>(args)$for j [[, p$j]]);
 }
 
 ]]
 
 // Various overloads for ReturnNew<T>().
 //
 // The ReturnNew<T>(a1, a2, ..., a_k) action returns a pointer to a new
 // instance of type T, constructed on the heap with constructor arguments
@@ -817,9 +781,14 @@ ACTION_TEMPLATE(ReturnNew,
 ]]
 
 #ifdef _MSC_VER
 # pragma warning(pop)
 #endif
 
 }  // namespace testing
 
+// Include any custom callback actions added by the local installation.
+// We must include this header at the end to make sure it can use the
+// declarations from this file.
+#include "gmock/internal/custom/gmock-generated-actions.h"
+
 #endif  // GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_GMOCK_GENERATED_ACTIONS_H_
--- a/testing/gtest/gmock/include/gmock/gmock-generated-function-mockers.h
+++ b/testing/gtest/gmock/include/gmock/gmock-generated-function-mockers.h
@@ -38,16 +38,20 @@
 // This file implements function mockers of various arities.
 
 #ifndef GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_GMOCK_GENERATED_FUNCTION_MOCKERS_H_
 #define GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_GMOCK_GENERATED_FUNCTION_MOCKERS_H_
 
 #include "gmock/gmock-spec-builders.h"
 #include "gmock/internal/gmock-internal-utils.h"
 
+#if GTEST_HAS_STD_FUNCTION_
+# include <functional>
+#endif
+
 namespace testing {
 namespace internal {
 
 template <typename F>
 class FunctionMockerBase;
 
 // Note: class FunctionMocker really belongs to the ::testing
 // namespace.  However if we define it in ::testing, MSVC will
@@ -80,17 +84,17 @@ class FunctionMocker<R()> : public
 template <typename R, typename A1>
 class FunctionMocker<R(A1)> : public
     internal::FunctionMockerBase<R(A1)> {
  public:
   typedef R F(A1);
   typedef typename internal::Function<F>::ArgumentTuple ArgumentTuple;
 
   MockSpec<F>& With(const Matcher<A1>& m1) {
-    this->current_spec().SetMatchers(::std::tr1::make_tuple(m1));
+    this->current_spec().SetMatchers(::testing::make_tuple(m1));
     return this->current_spec();
   }
 
   R Invoke(A1 a1) {
     // Even though gcc and MSVC don't enforce it, 'this->' is required
     // by the C++ standard [14.6.4] here, as the base class type is
     // dependent on the template argument (and thus shouldn't be
     // looked into when resolving InvokeWith).
@@ -101,17 +105,17 @@ class FunctionMocker<R(A1)> : public
 template <typename R, typename A1, typename A2>
 class FunctionMocker<R(A1, A2)> : public
     internal::FunctionMockerBase<R(A1, A2)> {
  public:
   typedef R F(A1, A2);
   typedef typename internal::Function<F>::ArgumentTuple ArgumentTuple;
 
   MockSpec<F>& With(const Matcher<A1>& m1, const Matcher<A2>& m2) {
-    this->current_spec().SetMatchers(::std::tr1::make_tuple(m1, m2));
+    this->current_spec().SetMatchers(::testing::make_tuple(m1, m2));
     return this->current_spec();
   }
 
   R Invoke(A1 a1, A2 a2) {
     // Even though gcc and MSVC don't enforce it, 'this->' is required
     // by the C++ standard [14.6.4] here, as the base class type is
     // dependent on the template argument (and thus shouldn't be
     // looked into when resolving InvokeWith).
@@ -123,17 +127,17 @@ template <typename R, typename A1, typen
 class FunctionMocker<R(A1, A2, A3)> : public
     internal::FunctionMockerBase<R(A1, A2, A3)> {
  public:
   typedef R F(A1, A2, A3);
   typedef typename internal::Function<F>::ArgumentTuple ArgumentTuple;
 
   MockSpec<F>& With(const Matcher<A1>& m1, const Matcher<A2>& m2,
       const Matcher<A3>& m3) {
-    this->current_spec().SetMatchers(::std::tr1::make_tuple(m1, m2, m3));
+    this->current_spec().SetMatchers(::testing::make_tuple(m1, m2, m3));
     return this->current_spec();
   }
 
   R Invoke(A1 a1, A2 a2, A3 a3) {
     // Even though gcc and MSVC don't enforce it, 'this->' is required
     // by the C++ standard [14.6.4] here, as the base class type is
     // dependent on the template argument (and thus shouldn't be
     // looked into when resolving InvokeWith).
@@ -145,17 +149,17 @@ template <typename R, typename A1, typen
 class FunctionMocker<R(A1, A2, A3, A4)> : public
     internal::FunctionMockerBase<R(A1, A2, A3, A4)> {
  public:
   typedef R F(A1, A2, A3, A4);
   typedef typename internal::Function<F>::ArgumentTuple ArgumentTuple;
 
   MockSpec<F>& With(const Matcher<A1>& m1, const Matcher<A2>& m2,
       const Matcher<A3>& m3, const Matcher<A4>& m4) {
-    this->current_spec().SetMatchers(::std::tr1::make_tuple(m1, m2, m3, m4));
+    this->current_spec().SetMatchers(::testing::make_tuple(m1, m2, m3, m4));
     return this->current_spec();
   }
 
   R Invoke(A1 a1, A2 a2, A3 a3, A4 a4) {
     // Even though gcc and MSVC don't enforce it, 'this->' is required
     // by the C++ standard [14.6.4] here, as the base class type is
     // dependent on the template argument (and thus shouldn't be
     // looked into when resolving InvokeWith).
@@ -168,18 +172,17 @@ template <typename R, typename A1, typen
 class FunctionMocker<R(A1, A2, A3, A4, A5)> : public
     internal::FunctionMockerBase<R(A1, A2, A3, A4, A5)> {
  public:
   typedef R F(A1, A2, A3, A4, A5);
   typedef typename internal::Function<F>::ArgumentTuple ArgumentTuple;
 
   MockSpec<F>& With(const Matcher<A1>& m1, const Matcher<A2>& m2,
       const Matcher<A3>& m3, const Matcher<A4>& m4, const Matcher<A5>& m5) {
-    this->current_spec().SetMatchers(::std::tr1::make_tuple(m1, m2, m3, m4,
-        m5));
+    this->current_spec().SetMatchers(::testing::make_tuple(m1, m2, m3, m4, m5));
     return this->current_spec();
   }
 
   R Invoke(A1 a1, A2 a2, A3 a3, A4 a4, A5 a5) {
     // Even though gcc and MSVC don't enforce it, 'this->' is required
     // by the C++ standard [14.6.4] here, as the base class type is
     // dependent on the template argument (and thus shouldn't be
     // looked into when resolving InvokeWith).
@@ -193,17 +196,17 @@ class FunctionMocker<R(A1, A2, A3, A4, A
     internal::FunctionMockerBase<R(A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6)> {
  public:
   typedef R F(A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6);
   typedef typename internal::Function<F>::ArgumentTuple ArgumentTuple;
 
   MockSpec<F>& With(const Matcher<A1>& m1, const Matcher<A2>& m2,
       const Matcher<A3>& m3, const Matcher<A4>& m4, const Matcher<A5>& m5,
       const Matcher<A6>& m6) {
-    this->current_spec().SetMatchers(::std::tr1::make_tuple(m1, m2, m3, m4, m5,
+    this->current_spec().SetMatchers(::testing::make_tuple(m1, m2, m3, m4, m5,
         m6));
     return this->current_spec();
   }
 
   R Invoke(A1 a1, A2 a2, A3 a3, A4 a4, A5 a5, A6 a6) {
     // Even though gcc and MSVC don't enforce it, 'this->' is required
     // by the C++ standard [14.6.4] here, as the base class type is
     // dependent on the template argument (and thus shouldn't be
@@ -218,17 +221,17 @@ class FunctionMocker<R(A1, A2, A3, A4, A
     internal::FunctionMockerBase<R(A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7)> {
  public:
   typedef R F(A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7);
   typedef typename internal::Function<F>::ArgumentTuple ArgumentTuple;
 
   MockSpec<F>& With(const Matcher<A1>& m1, const Matcher<A2>& m2,
       const Matcher<A3>& m3, const Matcher<A4>& m4, const Matcher<A5>& m5,
       const Matcher<A6>& m6, const Matcher<A7>& m7) {
-    this->current_spec().SetMatchers(::std::tr1::make_tuple(m1, m2, m3, m4, m5,
+    this->current_spec().SetMatchers(::testing::make_tuple(m1, m2, m3, m4, m5,
         m6, m7));
     return this->current_spec();
   }
 
   R Invoke(A1 a1, A2 a2, A3 a3, A4 a4, A5 a5, A6 a6, A7 a7) {
     // Even though gcc and MSVC don't enforce it, 'this->' is required
     // by the C++ standard [14.6.4] here, as the base class type is
     // dependent on the template argument (and thus shouldn't be
@@ -243,17 +246,17 @@ class FunctionMocker<R(A1, A2, A3, A4, A
     internal::FunctionMockerBase<R(A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8)> {
  public:
   typedef R F(A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8);
   typedef typename internal::Function<F>::ArgumentTuple ArgumentTuple;
 
   MockSpec<F>& With(const Matcher<A1>& m1, const Matcher<A2>& m2,
       const Matcher<A3>& m3, const Matcher<A4>& m4, const Matcher<A5>& m5,
       const Matcher<A6>& m6, const Matcher<A7>& m7, const Matcher<A8>& m8) {
-    this->current_spec().SetMatchers(::std::tr1::make_tuple(m1, m2, m3, m4, m5,
+    this->current_spec().SetMatchers(::testing::make_tuple(m1, m2, m3, m4, m5,
         m6, m7, m8));
     return this->current_spec();
   }
 
   R Invoke(A1 a1, A2 a2, A3 a3, A4 a4, A5 a5, A6 a6, A7 a7, A8 a8) {
     // Even though gcc and MSVC don't enforce it, 'this->' is required
     // by the C++ standard [14.6.4] here, as the base class type is
     // dependent on the template argument (and thus shouldn't be
@@ -269,17 +272,17 @@ class FunctionMocker<R(A1, A2, A3, A4, A
  public:
   typedef R F(A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8, A9);
   typedef typename internal::Function<F>::ArgumentTuple ArgumentTuple;
 
   MockSpec<F>& With(const Matcher<A1>& m1, const Matcher<A2>& m2,
       const Matcher<A3>& m3, const Matcher<A4>& m4, const Matcher<A5>& m5,
       const Matcher<A6>& m6, const Matcher<A7>& m7, const Matcher<A8>& m8,
       const Matcher<A9>& m9) {
-    this->current_spec().SetMatchers(::std::tr1::make_tuple(m1, m2, m3, m4, m5,
+    this->current_spec().SetMatchers(::testing::make_tuple(m1, m2, m3, m4, m5,
         m6, m7, m8, m9));
     return this->current_spec();
   }
 
   R Invoke(A1 a1, A2 a2, A3 a3, A4 a4, A5 a5, A6 a6, A7 a7, A8 a8, A9 a9) {
     // Even though gcc and MSVC don't enforce it, 'this->' is required
     // by the C++ standard [14.6.4] here, as the base class type is
     // dependent on the template argument (and thus shouldn't be
@@ -296,17 +299,17 @@ class FunctionMocker<R(A1, A2, A3, A4, A
  public:
   typedef R F(A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8, A9, A10);
   typedef typename internal::Function<F>::ArgumentTuple ArgumentTuple;
 
   MockSpec<F>& With(const Matcher<A1>& m1, const Matcher<A2>& m2,
       const Matcher<A3>& m3, const Matcher<A4>& m4, const Matcher<A5>& m5,
       const Matcher<A6>& m6, const Matcher<A7>& m7, const Matcher<A8>& m8,
       const Matcher<A9>& m9, const Matcher<A10>& m10) {
-    this->current_spec().SetMatchers(::std::tr1::make_tuple(m1, m2, m3, m4, m5,
+    this->current_spec().SetMatchers(::testing::make_tuple(m1, m2, m3, m4, m5,
         m6, m7, m8, m9, m10));
     return this->current_spec();
   }
 
   R Invoke(A1 a1, A2 a2, A3 a3, A4 a4, A5 a5, A6 a6, A7 a7, A8 a8, A9 a9,
       A10 a10) {
     // Even though gcc and MSVC don't enforce it, 'this->' is required
     // by the C++ standard [14.6.4] here, as the base class type is
@@ -321,447 +324,509 @@ class FunctionMocker<R(A1, A2, A3, A4, A
 
 // The style guide prohibits "using" statements in a namespace scope
 // inside a header file.  However, the FunctionMocker class template
 // is meant to be defined in the ::testing namespace.  The following
 // line is just a trick for working around a bug in MSVC 8.0, which
 // cannot handle it if we define FunctionMocker in ::testing.
 using internal::FunctionMocker;
 
-// The result type of function type F.
-// INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DON'T USE IN USER CODE!!!
-#define GMOCK_RESULT_(tn, F) tn ::testing::internal::Function<F>::Result
-
-// The type of argument N of function type F.
+// GMOCK_RESULT_(tn, F) expands to the result type of function type F.
+// We define this as a variadic macro in case F contains unprotected
+// commas (the same reason that we use variadic macros in other places
+// in this file).
 // INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DON'T USE IN USER CODE!!!
-#define GMOCK_ARG_(tn, F, N) tn ::testing::internal::Function<F>::Argument##N
+#define GMOCK_RESULT_(tn, ...) \
+    tn ::testing::internal::Function<__VA_ARGS__>::Result
 
-// The matcher type for argument N of function type F.
+// The type of argument N of the given function type.
 // INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DON'T USE IN USER CODE!!!
-#define GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, F, N) const ::testing::Matcher<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, F, N)>&
+#define GMOCK_ARG_(tn, N, ...) \
+    tn ::testing::internal::Function<__VA_ARGS__>::Argument##N
+
+// The matcher type for argument N of the given function type.
+// INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DON'T USE IN USER CODE!!!
+#define GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, N, ...) \
+    const ::testing::Matcher<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, N, __VA_ARGS__)>&
 
 // The variable for mocking the given method.
 // INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DON'T USE IN USER CODE!!!
 #define GMOCK_MOCKER_(arity, constness, Method) \
     GTEST_CONCAT_TOKEN_(gmock##constness##arity##_##Method##_, __LINE__)
 
 // INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DON'T USE IN USER CODE!!!
-#define GMOCK_METHOD0_(tn, constness, ct, Method, F) \
-  GMOCK_RESULT_(tn, F) ct Method() constness { \
-    GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_(::std::tr1::tuple_size< \
-        tn ::testing::internal::Function<F>::ArgumentTuple>::value == 0, \
+#define GMOCK_METHOD0_(tn, constness, ct, Method, ...) \
+  GMOCK_RESULT_(tn, __VA_ARGS__) ct Method( \
+      ) constness { \
+    GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_((::testing::tuple_size<                          \
+        tn ::testing::internal::Function<__VA_ARGS__>::ArgumentTuple>::value \
+            == 0), \
         this_method_does_not_take_0_arguments); \
     GMOCK_MOCKER_(0, constness, Method).SetOwnerAndName(this, #Method); \
     return GMOCK_MOCKER_(0, constness, Method).Invoke(); \
   } \
-  ::testing::MockSpec<F>& \
+  ::testing::MockSpec<__VA_ARGS__>& \
       gmock_##Method() constness { \
     GMOCK_MOCKER_(0, constness, Method).RegisterOwner(this); \
     return GMOCK_MOCKER_(0, constness, Method).With(); \
   } \
-  mutable ::testing::FunctionMocker<F> GMOCK_MOCKER_(0, constness, Method)
+  mutable ::testing::FunctionMocker<__VA_ARGS__> GMOCK_MOCKER_(0, constness, \
+      Method)
 
 // INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DON'T USE IN USER CODE!!!
-#define GMOCK_METHOD1_(tn, constness, ct, Method, F) \
-  GMOCK_RESULT_(tn, F) ct Method(GMOCK_ARG_(tn, F, 1) gmock_a1) constness { \
-    GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_(::std::tr1::tuple_size< \
-        tn ::testing::internal::Function<F>::ArgumentTuple>::value == 1, \
+#define GMOCK_METHOD1_(tn, constness, ct, Method, ...) \
+  GMOCK_RESULT_(tn, __VA_ARGS__) ct Method( \
+      GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 1, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a1) constness { \
+    GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_((::testing::tuple_size<                          \
+        tn ::testing::internal::Function<__VA_ARGS__>::ArgumentTuple>::value \
+            == 1), \
         this_method_does_not_take_1_argument); \
     GMOCK_MOCKER_(1, constness, Method).SetOwnerAndName(this, #Method); \
     return GMOCK_MOCKER_(1, constness, Method).Invoke(gmock_a1); \
   } \
-  ::testing::MockSpec<F>& \
-      gmock_##Method(GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, F, 1) gmock_a1) constness { \
+  ::testing::MockSpec<__VA_ARGS__>& \
+      gmock_##Method(GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 1, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a1) constness { \
     GMOCK_MOCKER_(1, constness, Method).RegisterOwner(this); \
     return GMOCK_MOCKER_(1, constness, Method).With(gmock_a1); \
   } \
-  mutable ::testing::FunctionMocker<F> GMOCK_MOCKER_(1, constness, Method)
+  mutable ::testing::FunctionMocker<__VA_ARGS__> GMOCK_MOCKER_(1, constness, \
+      Method)
 
 // INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DON'T USE IN USER CODE!!!
-#define GMOCK_METHOD2_(tn, constness, ct, Method, F) \
-  GMOCK_RESULT_(tn, F) ct Method(GMOCK_ARG_(tn, F, 1) gmock_a1, \
-                                 GMOCK_ARG_(tn, F, 2) gmock_a2) constness { \
-    GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_(::std::tr1::tuple_size< \
-        tn ::testing::internal::Function<F>::ArgumentTuple>::value == 2, \
+#define GMOCK_METHOD2_(tn, constness, ct, Method, ...) \
+  GMOCK_RESULT_(tn, __VA_ARGS__) ct Method( \
+      GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 1, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a1, \
+      GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 2, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a2) constness { \
+    GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_((::testing::tuple_size<                          \
+        tn ::testing::internal::Function<__VA_ARGS__>::ArgumentTuple>::value \
+            == 2), \
         this_method_does_not_take_2_arguments); \
     GMOCK_MOCKER_(2, constness, Method).SetOwnerAndName(this, #Method); \
     return GMOCK_MOCKER_(2, constness, Method).Invoke(gmock_a1, gmock_a2); \
   } \
-  ::testing::MockSpec<F>& \
-      gmock_##Method(GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, F, 1) gmock_a1, \
-                     GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, F, 2) gmock_a2) constness { \
+  ::testing::MockSpec<__VA_ARGS__>& \
+      gmock_##Method(GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 1, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a1, \
+                     GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 2, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a2) constness { \
     GMOCK_MOCKER_(2, constness, Method).RegisterOwner(this); \
     return GMOCK_MOCKER_(2, constness, Method).With(gmock_a1, gmock_a2); \
   } \
-  mutable ::testing::FunctionMocker<F> GMOCK_MOCKER_(2, constness, Method)
+  mutable ::testing::FunctionMocker<__VA_ARGS__> GMOCK_MOCKER_(2, constness, \
+      Method)
 
 // INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DON'T USE IN USER CODE!!!
-#define GMOCK_METHOD3_(tn, constness, ct, Method, F) \
-  GMOCK_RESULT_(tn, F) ct Method(GMOCK_ARG_(tn, F, 1) gmock_a1, \
-                                 GMOCK_ARG_(tn, F, 2) gmock_a2, \
-                                 GMOCK_ARG_(tn, F, 3) gmock_a3) constness { \
-    GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_(::std::tr1::tuple_size< \
-        tn ::testing::internal::Function<F>::ArgumentTuple>::value == 3, \
+#define GMOCK_METHOD3_(tn, constness, ct, Method, ...) \
+  GMOCK_RESULT_(tn, __VA_ARGS__) ct Method( \
+      GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 1, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a1, \
+      GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 2, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a2, \
+      GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 3, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a3) constness { \
+    GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_((::testing::tuple_size<                          \
+        tn ::testing::internal::Function<__VA_ARGS__>::ArgumentTuple>::value \
+            == 3), \
         this_method_does_not_take_3_arguments); \
     GMOCK_MOCKER_(3, constness, Method).SetOwnerAndName(this, #Method); \
     return GMOCK_MOCKER_(3, constness, Method).Invoke(gmock_a1, gmock_a2, \
         gmock_a3); \
   } \
-  ::testing::MockSpec<F>& \
-      gmock_##Method(GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, F, 1) gmock_a1, \
-                     GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, F, 2) gmock_a2, \
-                     GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, F, 3) gmock_a3) constness { \
+  ::testing::MockSpec<__VA_ARGS__>& \
+      gmock_##Method(GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 1, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a1, \
+                     GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 2, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a2, \
+                     GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 3, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a3) constness { \
     GMOCK_MOCKER_(3, constness, Method).RegisterOwner(this); \
     return GMOCK_MOCKER_(3, constness, Method).With(gmock_a1, gmock_a2, \
         gmock_a3); \
   } \
-  mutable ::testing::FunctionMocker<F> GMOCK_MOCKER_(3, constness, Method)
+  mutable ::testing::FunctionMocker<__VA_ARGS__> GMOCK_MOCKER_(3, constness, \
+      Method)
 
 // INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DON'T USE IN USER CODE!!!
-#define GMOCK_METHOD4_(tn, constness, ct, Method, F) \
-  GMOCK_RESULT_(tn, F) ct Method(GMOCK_ARG_(tn, F, 1) gmock_a1, \
-                                 GMOCK_ARG_(tn, F, 2) gmock_a2, \
-                                 GMOCK_ARG_(tn, F, 3) gmock_a3, \
-                                 GMOCK_ARG_(tn, F, 4) gmock_a4) constness { \
-    GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_(::std::tr1::tuple_size< \
-        tn ::testing::internal::Function<F>::ArgumentTuple>::value == 4, \
+#define GMOCK_METHOD4_(tn, constness, ct, Method, ...) \
+  GMOCK_RESULT_(tn, __VA_ARGS__) ct Method( \
+      GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 1, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a1, \
+      GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 2, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a2, \
+      GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 3, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a3, \
+      GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 4, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a4) constness { \
+    GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_((::testing::tuple_size<                          \
+        tn ::testing::internal::Function<__VA_ARGS__>::ArgumentTuple>::value \
+            == 4), \
         this_method_does_not_take_4_arguments); \
     GMOCK_MOCKER_(4, constness, Method).SetOwnerAndName(this, #Method); \
     return GMOCK_MOCKER_(4, constness, Method).Invoke(gmock_a1, gmock_a2, \
         gmock_a3, gmock_a4); \
   } \
-  ::testing::MockSpec<F>& \
-      gmock_##Method(GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, F, 1) gmock_a1, \
-                     GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, F, 2) gmock_a2, \
-                     GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, F, 3) gmock_a3, \
-                     GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, F, 4) gmock_a4) constness { \
+  ::testing::MockSpec<__VA_ARGS__>& \
+      gmock_##Method(GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 1, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a1, \
+                     GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 2, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a2, \
+                     GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 3, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a3, \
+                     GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 4, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a4) constness { \
     GMOCK_MOCKER_(4, constness, Method).RegisterOwner(this); \
     return GMOCK_MOCKER_(4, constness, Method).With(gmock_a1, gmock_a2, \
         gmock_a3, gmock_a4); \
   } \
-  mutable ::testing::FunctionMocker<F> GMOCK_MOCKER_(4, constness, Method)
+  mutable ::testing::FunctionMocker<__VA_ARGS__> GMOCK_MOCKER_(4, constness, \
+      Method)
 
 // INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DON'T USE IN USER CODE!!!
-#define GMOCK_METHOD5_(tn, constness, ct, Method, F) \
-  GMOCK_RESULT_(tn, F) ct Method(GMOCK_ARG_(tn, F, 1) gmock_a1, \
-                                 GMOCK_ARG_(tn, F, 2) gmock_a2, \
-                                 GMOCK_ARG_(tn, F, 3) gmock_a3, \
-                                 GMOCK_ARG_(tn, F, 4) gmock_a4, \
-                                 GMOCK_ARG_(tn, F, 5) gmock_a5) constness { \
-    GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_(::std::tr1::tuple_size< \
-        tn ::testing::internal::Function<F>::ArgumentTuple>::value == 5, \
+#define GMOCK_METHOD5_(tn, constness, ct, Method, ...) \
+  GMOCK_RESULT_(tn, __VA_ARGS__) ct Method( \
+      GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 1, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a1, \
+      GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 2, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a2, \
+      GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 3, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a3, \
+      GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 4, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a4, \
+      GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 5, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a5) constness { \
+    GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_((::testing::tuple_size<                          \
+        tn ::testing::internal::Function<__VA_ARGS__>::ArgumentTuple>::value \
+            == 5), \
         this_method_does_not_take_5_arguments); \
     GMOCK_MOCKER_(5, constness, Method).SetOwnerAndName(this, #Method); \
     return GMOCK_MOCKER_(5, constness, Method).Invoke(gmock_a1, gmock_a2, \
         gmock_a3, gmock_a4, gmock_a5); \
   } \
-  ::testing::MockSpec<F>& \
-      gmock_##Method(GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, F, 1) gmock_a1, \
-                     GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, F, 2) gmock_a2, \
-                     GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, F, 3) gmock_a3, \
-                     GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, F, 4) gmock_a4, \
-                     GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, F, 5) gmock_a5) constness { \
+  ::testing::MockSpec<__VA_ARGS__>& \
+      gmock_##Method(GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 1, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a1, \
+                     GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 2, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a2, \
+                     GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 3, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a3, \
+                     GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 4, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a4, \
+                     GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 5, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a5) constness { \
     GMOCK_MOCKER_(5, constness, Method).RegisterOwner(this); \
     return GMOCK_MOCKER_(5, constness, Method).With(gmock_a1, gmock_a2, \
         gmock_a3, gmock_a4, gmock_a5); \
   } \
-  mutable ::testing::FunctionMocker<F> GMOCK_MOCKER_(5, constness, Method)
+  mutable ::testing::FunctionMocker<__VA_ARGS__> GMOCK_MOCKER_(5, constness, \
+      Method)
 
 // INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DON'T USE IN USER CODE!!!
-#define GMOCK_METHOD6_(tn, constness, ct, Method, F) \
-  GMOCK_RESULT_(tn, F) ct Method(GMOCK_ARG_(tn, F, 1) gmock_a1, \
-                                 GMOCK_ARG_(tn, F, 2) gmock_a2, \
-                                 GMOCK_ARG_(tn, F, 3) gmock_a3, \
-                                 GMOCK_ARG_(tn, F, 4) gmock_a4, \
-                                 GMOCK_ARG_(tn, F, 5) gmock_a5, \
-                                 GMOCK_ARG_(tn, F, 6) gmock_a6) constness { \
-    GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_(::std::tr1::tuple_size< \
-        tn ::testing::internal::Function<F>::ArgumentTuple>::value == 6, \
+#define GMOCK_METHOD6_(tn, constness, ct, Method, ...) \
+  GMOCK_RESULT_(tn, __VA_ARGS__) ct Method( \
+      GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 1, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a1, \
+      GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 2, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a2, \
+      GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 3, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a3, \
+      GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 4, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a4, \
+      GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 5, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a5, \
+      GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 6, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a6) constness { \
+    GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_((::testing::tuple_size<                          \
+        tn ::testing::internal::Function<__VA_ARGS__>::ArgumentTuple>::value \
+            == 6), \
         this_method_does_not_take_6_arguments); \
     GMOCK_MOCKER_(6, constness, Method).SetOwnerAndName(this, #Method); \
     return GMOCK_MOCKER_(6, constness, Method).Invoke(gmock_a1, gmock_a2, \
         gmock_a3, gmock_a4, gmock_a5, gmock_a6); \
   } \
-  ::testing::MockSpec<F>& \
-      gmock_##Method(GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, F, 1) gmock_a1, \
-                     GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, F, 2) gmock_a2, \
-                     GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, F, 3) gmock_a3, \
-                     GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, F, 4) gmock_a4, \
-                     GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, F, 5) gmock_a5, \
-                     GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, F, 6) gmock_a6) constness { \
+  ::testing::MockSpec<__VA_ARGS__>& \
+      gmock_##Method(GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 1, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a1, \
+                     GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 2, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a2, \
+                     GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 3, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a3, \
+                     GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 4, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a4, \
+                     GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 5, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a5, \
+                     GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 6, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a6) constness { \
     GMOCK_MOCKER_(6, constness, Method).RegisterOwner(this); \
     return GMOCK_MOCKER_(6, constness, Method).With(gmock_a1, gmock_a2, \
         gmock_a3, gmock_a4, gmock_a5, gmock_a6); \
   } \
-  mutable ::testing::FunctionMocker<F> GMOCK_MOCKER_(6, constness, Method)
+  mutable ::testing::FunctionMocker<__VA_ARGS__> GMOCK_MOCKER_(6, constness, \
+      Method)
 
 // INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DON'T USE IN USER CODE!!!
-#define GMOCK_METHOD7_(tn, constness, ct, Method, F) \
-  GMOCK_RESULT_(tn, F) ct Method(GMOCK_ARG_(tn, F, 1) gmock_a1, \
-                                 GMOCK_ARG_(tn, F, 2) gmock_a2, \
-                                 GMOCK_ARG_(tn, F, 3) gmock_a3, \
-                                 GMOCK_ARG_(tn, F, 4) gmock_a4, \
-                                 GMOCK_ARG_(tn, F, 5) gmock_a5, \
-                                 GMOCK_ARG_(tn, F, 6) gmock_a6, \
-                                 GMOCK_ARG_(tn, F, 7) gmock_a7) constness { \
-    GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_(::std::tr1::tuple_size< \
-        tn ::testing::internal::Function<F>::ArgumentTuple>::value == 7, \
+#define GMOCK_METHOD7_(tn, constness, ct, Method, ...) \
+  GMOCK_RESULT_(tn, __VA_ARGS__) ct Method( \
+      GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 1, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a1, \
+      GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 2, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a2, \
+      GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 3, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a3, \
+      GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 4, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a4, \
+      GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 5, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a5, \
+      GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 6, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a6, \
+      GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 7, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a7) constness { \
+    GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_((::testing::tuple_size<                          \
+        tn ::testing::internal::Function<__VA_ARGS__>::ArgumentTuple>::value \
+            == 7), \
         this_method_does_not_take_7_arguments); \
     GMOCK_MOCKER_(7, constness, Method).SetOwnerAndName(this, #Method); \
     return GMOCK_MOCKER_(7, constness, Method).Invoke(gmock_a1, gmock_a2, \
         gmock_a3, gmock_a4, gmock_a5, gmock_a6, gmock_a7); \
   } \
-  ::testing::MockSpec<F>& \
-      gmock_##Method(GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, F, 1) gmock_a1, \
-                     GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, F, 2) gmock_a2, \
-                     GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, F, 3) gmock_a3, \
-                     GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, F, 4) gmock_a4, \
-                     GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, F, 5) gmock_a5, \
-                     GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, F, 6) gmock_a6, \
-                     GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, F, 7) gmock_a7) constness { \
+  ::testing::MockSpec<__VA_ARGS__>& \
+      gmock_##Method(GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 1, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a1, \
+                     GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 2, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a2, \
+                     GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 3, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a3, \
+                     GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 4, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a4, \
+                     GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 5, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a5, \
+                     GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 6, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a6, \
+                     GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 7, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a7) constness { \
     GMOCK_MOCKER_(7, constness, Method).RegisterOwner(this); \
     return GMOCK_MOCKER_(7, constness, Method).With(gmock_a1, gmock_a2, \
         gmock_a3, gmock_a4, gmock_a5, gmock_a6, gmock_a7); \
   } \
-  mutable ::testing::FunctionMocker<F> GMOCK_MOCKER_(7, constness, Method)
+  mutable ::testing::FunctionMocker<__VA_ARGS__> GMOCK_MOCKER_(7, constness, \
+      Method)
 
 // INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DON'T USE IN USER CODE!!!
-#define GMOCK_METHOD8_(tn, constness, ct, Method, F) \
-  GMOCK_RESULT_(tn, F) ct Method(GMOCK_ARG_(tn, F, 1) gmock_a1, \
-                                 GMOCK_ARG_(tn, F, 2) gmock_a2, \
-                                 GMOCK_ARG_(tn, F, 3) gmock_a3, \
-                                 GMOCK_ARG_(tn, F, 4) gmock_a4, \
-                                 GMOCK_ARG_(tn, F, 5) gmock_a5, \
-                                 GMOCK_ARG_(tn, F, 6) gmock_a6, \
-                                 GMOCK_ARG_(tn, F, 7) gmock_a7, \
-                                 GMOCK_ARG_(tn, F, 8) gmock_a8) constness { \
-    GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_(::std::tr1::tuple_size< \
-        tn ::testing::internal::Function<F>::ArgumentTuple>::value == 8, \
+#define GMOCK_METHOD8_(tn, constness, ct, Method, ...) \
+  GMOCK_RESULT_(tn, __VA_ARGS__) ct Method( \
+      GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 1, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a1, \
+      GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 2, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a2, \
+      GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 3, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a3, \
+      GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 4, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a4, \
+      GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 5, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a5, \
+      GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 6, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a6, \
+      GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 7, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a7, \
+      GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 8, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a8) constness { \
+    GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_((::testing::tuple_size<                          \
+        tn ::testing::internal::Function<__VA_ARGS__>::ArgumentTuple>::value \
+            == 8), \
         this_method_does_not_take_8_arguments); \
     GMOCK_MOCKER_(8, constness, Method).SetOwnerAndName(this, #Method); \
     return GMOCK_MOCKER_(8, constness, Method).Invoke(gmock_a1, gmock_a2, \
         gmock_a3, gmock_a4, gmock_a5, gmock_a6, gmock_a7, gmock_a8); \
   } \
-  ::testing::MockSpec<F>& \
-      gmock_##Method(GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, F, 1) gmock_a1, \
-                     GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, F, 2) gmock_a2, \
-                     GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, F, 3) gmock_a3, \
-                     GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, F, 4) gmock_a4, \
-                     GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, F, 5) gmock_a5, \
-                     GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, F, 6) gmock_a6, \
-                     GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, F, 7) gmock_a7, \
-                     GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, F, 8) gmock_a8) constness { \
+  ::testing::MockSpec<__VA_ARGS__>& \
+      gmock_##Method(GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 1, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a1, \
+                     GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 2, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a2, \
+                     GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 3, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a3, \
+                     GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 4, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a4, \
+                     GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 5, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a5, \
+                     GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 6, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a6, \
+                     GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 7, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a7, \
+                     GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 8, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a8) constness { \
     GMOCK_MOCKER_(8, constness, Method).RegisterOwner(this); \
     return GMOCK_MOCKER_(8, constness, Method).With(gmock_a1, gmock_a2, \
         gmock_a3, gmock_a4, gmock_a5, gmock_a6, gmock_a7, gmock_a8); \
   } \
-  mutable ::testing::FunctionMocker<F> GMOCK_MOCKER_(8, constness, Method)
+  mutable ::testing::FunctionMocker<__VA_ARGS__> GMOCK_MOCKER_(8, constness, \
+      Method)
 
 // INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DON'T USE IN USER CODE!!!
-#define GMOCK_METHOD9_(tn, constness, ct, Method, F) \
-  GMOCK_RESULT_(tn, F) ct Method(GMOCK_ARG_(tn, F, 1) gmock_a1, \
-                                 GMOCK_ARG_(tn, F, 2) gmock_a2, \
-                                 GMOCK_ARG_(tn, F, 3) gmock_a3, \
-                                 GMOCK_ARG_(tn, F, 4) gmock_a4, \
-                                 GMOCK_ARG_(tn, F, 5) gmock_a5, \
-                                 GMOCK_ARG_(tn, F, 6) gmock_a6, \
-                                 GMOCK_ARG_(tn, F, 7) gmock_a7, \
-                                 GMOCK_ARG_(tn, F, 8) gmock_a8, \
-                                 GMOCK_ARG_(tn, F, 9) gmock_a9) constness { \
-    GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_(::std::tr1::tuple_size< \
-        tn ::testing::internal::Function<F>::ArgumentTuple>::value == 9, \
+#define GMOCK_METHOD9_(tn, constness, ct, Method, ...) \
+  GMOCK_RESULT_(tn, __VA_ARGS__) ct Method( \
+      GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 1, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a1, \
+      GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 2, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a2, \
+      GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 3, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a3, \
+      GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 4, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a4, \
+      GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 5, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a5, \
+      GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 6, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a6, \
+      GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 7, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a7, \
+      GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 8, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a8, \
+      GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 9, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a9) constness { \
+    GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_((::testing::tuple_size<                          \
+        tn ::testing::internal::Function<__VA_ARGS__>::ArgumentTuple>::value \
+            == 9), \
         this_method_does_not_take_9_arguments); \
     GMOCK_MOCKER_(9, constness, Method).SetOwnerAndName(this, #Method); \
     return GMOCK_MOCKER_(9, constness, Method).Invoke(gmock_a1, gmock_a2, \
         gmock_a3, gmock_a4, gmock_a5, gmock_a6, gmock_a7, gmock_a8, \
         gmock_a9); \
   } \
-  ::testing::MockSpec<F>& \
-      gmock_##Method(GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, F, 1) gmock_a1, \
-                     GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, F, 2) gmock_a2, \
-                     GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, F, 3) gmock_a3, \
-                     GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, F, 4) gmock_a4, \
-                     GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, F, 5) gmock_a5, \
-                     GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, F, 6) gmock_a6, \
-                     GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, F, 7) gmock_a7, \
-                     GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, F, 8) gmock_a8, \
-                     GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, F, 9) gmock_a9) constness { \
+  ::testing::MockSpec<__VA_ARGS__>& \
+      gmock_##Method(GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 1, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a1, \
+                     GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 2, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a2, \
+                     GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 3, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a3, \
+                     GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 4, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a4, \
+                     GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 5, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a5, \
+                     GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 6, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a6, \
+                     GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 7, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a7, \
+                     GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 8, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a8, \
+                     GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 9, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a9) constness { \
     GMOCK_MOCKER_(9, constness, Method).RegisterOwner(this); \
     return GMOCK_MOCKER_(9, constness, Method).With(gmock_a1, gmock_a2, \
         gmock_a3, gmock_a4, gmock_a5, gmock_a6, gmock_a7, gmock_a8, \
         gmock_a9); \
   } \
-  mutable ::testing::FunctionMocker<F> GMOCK_MOCKER_(9, constness, Method)
+  mutable ::testing::FunctionMocker<__VA_ARGS__> GMOCK_MOCKER_(9, constness, \
+      Method)
 
 // INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DON'T USE IN USER CODE!!!
-#define GMOCK_METHOD10_(tn, constness, ct, Method, F) \
-  GMOCK_RESULT_(tn, F) ct Method(GMOCK_ARG_(tn, F, 1) gmock_a1, \
-                                 GMOCK_ARG_(tn, F, 2) gmock_a2, \
-                                 GMOCK_ARG_(tn, F, 3) gmock_a3, \
-                                 GMOCK_ARG_(tn, F, 4) gmock_a4, \
-                                 GMOCK_ARG_(tn, F, 5) gmock_a5, \
-                                 GMOCK_ARG_(tn, F, 6) gmock_a6, \
-                                 GMOCK_ARG_(tn, F, 7) gmock_a7, \
-                                 GMOCK_ARG_(tn, F, 8) gmock_a8, \
-                                 GMOCK_ARG_(tn, F, 9) gmock_a9, \
-                                 GMOCK_ARG_(tn, F, 10) gmock_a10) constness { \
-    GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_(::std::tr1::tuple_size< \
-        tn ::testing::internal::Function<F>::ArgumentTuple>::value == 10, \
+#define GMOCK_METHOD10_(tn, constness, ct, Method, ...) \
+  GMOCK_RESULT_(tn, __VA_ARGS__) ct Method( \
+      GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 1, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a1, \
+      GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 2, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a2, \
+      GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 3, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a3, \
+      GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 4, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a4, \
+      GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 5, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a5, \
+      GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 6, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a6, \
+      GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 7, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a7, \
+      GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 8, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a8, \
+      GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 9, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a9, \
+      GMOCK_ARG_(tn, 10, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a10) constness { \
+    GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_((::testing::tuple_size<                          \
+        tn ::testing::internal::Function<__VA_ARGS__>::ArgumentTuple>::value \
+            == 10), \
         this_method_does_not_take_10_arguments); \
     GMOCK_MOCKER_(10, constness, Method).SetOwnerAndName(this, #Method); \
     return GMOCK_MOCKER_(10, constness, Method).Invoke(gmock_a1, gmock_a2, \
         gmock_a3, gmock_a4, gmock_a5, gmock_a6, gmock_a7, gmock_a8, gmock_a9, \
         gmock_a10); \
   } \
-  ::testing::MockSpec<F>& \
-      gmock_##Method(GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, F, 1) gmock_a1, \
-                     GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, F, 2) gmock_a2, \
-                     GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, F, 3) gmock_a3, \
-                     GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, F, 4) gmock_a4, \
-                     GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, F, 5) gmock_a5, \
-                     GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, F, 6) gmock_a6, \
-                     GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, F, 7) gmock_a7, \
-                     GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, F, 8) gmock_a8, \
-                     GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, F, 9) gmock_a9, \
-                     GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, F, 10) gmock_a10) constness { \
+  ::testing::MockSpec<__VA_ARGS__>& \
+      gmock_##Method(GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 1, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a1, \
+                     GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 2, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a2, \
+                     GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 3, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a3, \
+                     GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 4, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a4, \
+                     GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 5, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a5, \
+                     GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 6, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a6, \
+                     GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 7, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a7, \
+                     GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 8, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a8, \
+                     GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 9, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a9, \
+                     GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, 10, \
+                         __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a10) constness { \
     GMOCK_MOCKER_(10, constness, Method).RegisterOwner(this); \
     return GMOCK_MOCKER_(10, constness, Method).With(gmock_a1, gmock_a2, \
         gmock_a3, gmock_a4, gmock_a5, gmock_a6, gmock_a7, gmock_a8, gmock_a9, \
         gmock_a10); \
   } \
-  mutable ::testing::FunctionMocker<F> GMOCK_MOCKER_(10, constness, Method)
+  mutable ::testing::FunctionMocker<__VA_ARGS__> GMOCK_MOCKER_(10, constness, \
+      Method)
 
-#define MOCK_METHOD0(m, F) GMOCK_METHOD0_(, , , m, F)
-#define MOCK_METHOD1(m, F) GMOCK_METHOD1_(, , , m, F)
-#define MOCK_METHOD2(m, F) GMOCK_METHOD2_(, , , m, F)
-#define MOCK_METHOD3(m, F) GMOCK_METHOD3_(, , , m, F)
-#define MOCK_METHOD4(m, F) GMOCK_METHOD4_(, , , m, F)
-#define MOCK_METHOD5(m, F) GMOCK_METHOD5_(, , , m, F)
-#define MOCK_METHOD6(m, F) GMOCK_METHOD6_(, , , m, F)
-#define MOCK_METHOD7(m, F) GMOCK_METHOD7_(, , , m, F)
-#define MOCK_METHOD8(m, F) GMOCK_METHOD8_(, , , m, F)
-#define MOCK_METHOD9(m, F) GMOCK_METHOD9_(, , , m, F)
-#define MOCK_METHOD10(m, F) GMOCK_METHOD10_(, , , m, F)
+#define MOCK_METHOD0(m, ...) GMOCK_METHOD0_(, , , m, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define MOCK_METHOD1(m, ...) GMOCK_METHOD1_(, , , m, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define MOCK_METHOD2(m, ...) GMOCK_METHOD2_(, , , m, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define MOCK_METHOD3(m, ...) GMOCK_METHOD3_(, , , m, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define MOCK_METHOD4(m, ...) GMOCK_METHOD4_(, , , m, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define MOCK_METHOD5(m, ...) GMOCK_METHOD5_(, , , m, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define MOCK_METHOD6(m, ...) GMOCK_METHOD6_(, , , m, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define MOCK_METHOD7(m, ...) GMOCK_METHOD7_(, , , m, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define MOCK_METHOD8(m, ...) GMOCK_METHOD8_(, , , m, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define MOCK_METHOD9(m, ...) GMOCK_METHOD9_(, , , m, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define MOCK_METHOD10(m, ...) GMOCK_METHOD10_(, , , m, __VA_ARGS__)
 
-#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD0(m, F) GMOCK_METHOD0_(, const, , m, F)
-#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD1(m, F) GMOCK_METHOD1_(, const, , m, F)
-#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD2(m, F) GMOCK_METHOD2_(, const, , m, F)
-#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD3(m, F) GMOCK_METHOD3_(, const, , m, F)
-#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD4(m, F) GMOCK_METHOD4_(, const, , m, F)
-#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD5(m, F) GMOCK_METHOD5_(, const, , m, F)
-#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD6(m, F) GMOCK_METHOD6_(, const, , m, F)
-#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD7(m, F) GMOCK_METHOD7_(, const, , m, F)
-#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD8(m, F) GMOCK_METHOD8_(, const, , m, F)
-#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD9(m, F) GMOCK_METHOD9_(, const, , m, F)
-#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD10(m, F) GMOCK_METHOD10_(, const, , m, F)
+#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD0(m, ...) GMOCK_METHOD0_(, const, , m, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD1(m, ...) GMOCK_METHOD1_(, const, , m, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD2(m, ...) GMOCK_METHOD2_(, const, , m, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD3(m, ...) GMOCK_METHOD3_(, const, , m, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD4(m, ...) GMOCK_METHOD4_(, const, , m, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD5(m, ...) GMOCK_METHOD5_(, const, , m, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD6(m, ...) GMOCK_METHOD6_(, const, , m, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD7(m, ...) GMOCK_METHOD7_(, const, , m, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD8(m, ...) GMOCK_METHOD8_(, const, , m, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD9(m, ...) GMOCK_METHOD9_(, const, , m, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD10(m, ...) GMOCK_METHOD10_(, const, , m, __VA_ARGS__)
 
-#define MOCK_METHOD0_T(m, F) GMOCK_METHOD0_(typename, , , m, F)
-#define MOCK_METHOD1_T(m, F) GMOCK_METHOD1_(typename, , , m, F)
-#define MOCK_METHOD2_T(m, F) GMOCK_METHOD2_(typename, , , m, F)
-#define MOCK_METHOD3_T(m, F) GMOCK_METHOD3_(typename, , , m, F)
-#define MOCK_METHOD4_T(m, F) GMOCK_METHOD4_(typename, , , m, F)
-#define MOCK_METHOD5_T(m, F) GMOCK_METHOD5_(typename, , , m, F)
-#define MOCK_METHOD6_T(m, F) GMOCK_METHOD6_(typename, , , m, F)
-#define MOCK_METHOD7_T(m, F) GMOCK_METHOD7_(typename, , , m, F)
-#define MOCK_METHOD8_T(m, F) GMOCK_METHOD8_(typename, , , m, F)
-#define MOCK_METHOD9_T(m, F) GMOCK_METHOD9_(typename, , , m, F)
-#define MOCK_METHOD10_T(m, F) GMOCK_METHOD10_(typename, , , m, F)
+#define MOCK_METHOD0_T(m, ...) GMOCK_METHOD0_(typename, , , m, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define MOCK_METHOD1_T(m, ...) GMOCK_METHOD1_(typename, , , m, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define MOCK_METHOD2_T(m, ...) GMOCK_METHOD2_(typename, , , m, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define MOCK_METHOD3_T(m, ...) GMOCK_METHOD3_(typename, , , m, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define MOCK_METHOD4_T(m, ...) GMOCK_METHOD4_(typename, , , m, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define MOCK_METHOD5_T(m, ...) GMOCK_METHOD5_(typename, , , m, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define MOCK_METHOD6_T(m, ...) GMOCK_METHOD6_(typename, , , m, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define MOCK_METHOD7_T(m, ...) GMOCK_METHOD7_(typename, , , m, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define MOCK_METHOD8_T(m, ...) GMOCK_METHOD8_(typename, , , m, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define MOCK_METHOD9_T(m, ...) GMOCK_METHOD9_(typename, , , m, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define MOCK_METHOD10_T(m, ...) GMOCK_METHOD10_(typename, , , m, __VA_ARGS__)
 
-#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD0_T(m, F) GMOCK_METHOD0_(typename, const, , m, F)
-#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD1_T(m, F) GMOCK_METHOD1_(typename, const, , m, F)
-#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD2_T(m, F) GMOCK_METHOD2_(typename, const, , m, F)
-#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD3_T(m, F) GMOCK_METHOD3_(typename, const, , m, F)
-#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD4_T(m, F) GMOCK_METHOD4_(typename, const, , m, F)
-#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD5_T(m, F) GMOCK_METHOD5_(typename, const, , m, F)
-#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD6_T(m, F) GMOCK_METHOD6_(typename, const, , m, F)
-#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD7_T(m, F) GMOCK_METHOD7_(typename, const, , m, F)
-#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD8_T(m, F) GMOCK_METHOD8_(typename, const, , m, F)
-#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD9_T(m, F) GMOCK_METHOD9_(typename, const, , m, F)
-#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD10_T(m, F) GMOCK_METHOD10_(typename, const, , m, F)
-
-#define MOCK_METHOD0_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, F) GMOCK_METHOD0_(, , ct, m, F)
-#define MOCK_METHOD1_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, F) GMOCK_METHOD1_(, , ct, m, F)
-#define MOCK_METHOD2_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, F) GMOCK_METHOD2_(, , ct, m, F)
-#define MOCK_METHOD3_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, F) GMOCK_METHOD3_(, , ct, m, F)
-#define MOCK_METHOD4_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, F) GMOCK_METHOD4_(, , ct, m, F)
-#define MOCK_METHOD5_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, F) GMOCK_METHOD5_(, , ct, m, F)
-#define MOCK_METHOD6_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, F) GMOCK_METHOD6_(, , ct, m, F)
-#define MOCK_METHOD7_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, F) GMOCK_METHOD7_(, , ct, m, F)
-#define MOCK_METHOD8_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, F) GMOCK_METHOD8_(, , ct, m, F)
-#define MOCK_METHOD9_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, F) GMOCK_METHOD9_(, , ct, m, F)
-#define MOCK_METHOD10_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, F) GMOCK_METHOD10_(, , ct, m, F)
+#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD0_T(m, ...) \
+    GMOCK_METHOD0_(typename, const, , m, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD1_T(m, ...) \
+    GMOCK_METHOD1_(typename, const, , m, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD2_T(m, ...) \
+    GMOCK_METHOD2_(typename, const, , m, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD3_T(m, ...) \
+    GMOCK_METHOD3_(typename, const, , m, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD4_T(m, ...) \
+    GMOCK_METHOD4_(typename, const, , m, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD5_T(m, ...) \
+    GMOCK_METHOD5_(typename, const, , m, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD6_T(m, ...) \
+    GMOCK_METHOD6_(typename, const, , m, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD7_T(m, ...) \
+    GMOCK_METHOD7_(typename, const, , m, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD8_T(m, ...) \
+    GMOCK_METHOD8_(typename, const, , m, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD9_T(m, ...) \
+    GMOCK_METHOD9_(typename, const, , m, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD10_T(m, ...) \
+    GMOCK_METHOD10_(typename, const, , m, __VA_ARGS__)
 
-#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD0_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, F) \
-    GMOCK_METHOD0_(, const, ct, m, F)
-#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD1_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, F) \
-    GMOCK_METHOD1_(, const, ct, m, F)
-#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD2_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, F) \
-    GMOCK_METHOD2_(, const, ct, m, F)
-#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD3_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, F) \
-    GMOCK_METHOD3_(, const, ct, m, F)
-#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD4_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, F) \
-    GMOCK_METHOD4_(, const, ct, m, F)
-#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD5_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, F) \
-    GMOCK_METHOD5_(, const, ct, m, F)
-#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD6_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, F) \
-    GMOCK_METHOD6_(, const, ct, m, F)
-#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD7_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, F) \
-    GMOCK_METHOD7_(, const, ct, m, F)
-#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD8_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, F) \
-    GMOCK_METHOD8_(, const, ct, m, F)
-#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD9_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, F) \
-    GMOCK_METHOD9_(, const, ct, m, F)
-#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD10_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, F) \
-    GMOCK_METHOD10_(, const, ct, m, F)
+#define MOCK_METHOD0_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, ...) \
+    GMOCK_METHOD0_(, , ct, m, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define MOCK_METHOD1_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, ...) \
+    GMOCK_METHOD1_(, , ct, m, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define MOCK_METHOD2_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, ...) \
+    GMOCK_METHOD2_(, , ct, m, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define MOCK_METHOD3_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, ...) \
+    GMOCK_METHOD3_(, , ct, m, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define MOCK_METHOD4_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, ...) \
+    GMOCK_METHOD4_(, , ct, m, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define MOCK_METHOD5_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, ...) \
+    GMOCK_METHOD5_(, , ct, m, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define MOCK_METHOD6_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, ...) \
+    GMOCK_METHOD6_(, , ct, m, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define MOCK_METHOD7_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, ...) \
+    GMOCK_METHOD7_(, , ct, m, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define MOCK_METHOD8_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, ...) \
+    GMOCK_METHOD8_(, , ct, m, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define MOCK_METHOD9_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, ...) \
+    GMOCK_METHOD9_(, , ct, m, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define MOCK_METHOD10_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, ...) \
+    GMOCK_METHOD10_(, , ct, m, __VA_ARGS__)
+
+#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD0_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, ...) \
+    GMOCK_METHOD0_(, const, ct, m, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD1_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, ...) \
+    GMOCK_METHOD1_(, const, ct, m, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD2_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, ...) \
+    GMOCK_METHOD2_(, const, ct, m, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD3_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, ...) \
+    GMOCK_METHOD3_(, const, ct, m, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD4_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, ...) \
+    GMOCK_METHOD4_(, const, ct, m, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD5_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, ...) \
+    GMOCK_METHOD5_(, const, ct, m, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD6_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, ...) \
+    GMOCK_METHOD6_(, const, ct, m, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD7_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, ...) \
+    GMOCK_METHOD7_(, const, ct, m, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD8_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, ...) \
+    GMOCK_METHOD8_(, const, ct, m, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD9_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, ...) \
+    GMOCK_METHOD9_(, const, ct, m, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD10_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, ...) \
+    GMOCK_METHOD10_(, const, ct, m, __VA_ARGS__)
 
-#define MOCK_METHOD0_T_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, F) \
-    GMOCK_METHOD0_(typename, , ct, m, F)
-#define MOCK_METHOD1_T_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, F) \
-    GMOCK_METHOD1_(typename, , ct, m, F)
-#define MOCK_METHOD2_T_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, F) \
-    GMOCK_METHOD2_(typename, , ct, m, F)
-#define MOCK_METHOD3_T_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, F) \
-    GMOCK_METHOD3_(typename, , ct, m, F)
-#define MOCK_METHOD4_T_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, F) \
-    GMOCK_METHOD4_(typename, , ct, m, F)
-#define MOCK_METHOD5_T_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, F) \
-    GMOCK_METHOD5_(typename, , ct, m, F)
-#define MOCK_METHOD6_T_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, F) \
-    GMOCK_METHOD6_(typename, , ct, m, F)
-#define MOCK_METHOD7_T_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, F) \
-    GMOCK_METHOD7_(typename, , ct, m, F)
-#define MOCK_METHOD8_T_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, F) \
-    GMOCK_METHOD8_(typename, , ct, m, F)
-#define MOCK_METHOD9_T_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, F) \
-    GMOCK_METHOD9_(typename, , ct, m, F)
-#define MOCK_METHOD10_T_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, F) \
-    GMOCK_METHOD10_(typename, , ct, m, F)
+#define MOCK_METHOD0_T_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, ...) \
+    GMOCK_METHOD0_(typename, , ct, m, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define MOCK_METHOD1_T_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, ...) \
+    GMOCK_METHOD1_(typename, , ct, m, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define MOCK_METHOD2_T_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, ...) \
+    GMOCK_METHOD2_(typename, , ct, m, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define MOCK_METHOD3_T_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, ...) \
+    GMOCK_METHOD3_(typename, , ct, m, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define MOCK_METHOD4_T_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, ...) \
+    GMOCK_METHOD4_(typename, , ct, m, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define MOCK_METHOD5_T_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, ...) \
+    GMOCK_METHOD5_(typename, , ct, m, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define MOCK_METHOD6_T_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, ...) \
+    GMOCK_METHOD6_(typename, , ct, m, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define MOCK_METHOD7_T_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, ...) \
+    GMOCK_METHOD7_(typename, , ct, m, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define MOCK_METHOD8_T_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, ...) \
+    GMOCK_METHOD8_(typename, , ct, m, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define MOCK_METHOD9_T_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, ...) \
+    GMOCK_METHOD9_(typename, , ct, m, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define MOCK_METHOD10_T_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, ...) \
+    GMOCK_METHOD10_(typename, , ct, m, __VA_ARGS__)
 
-#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD0_T_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, F) \
-    GMOCK_METHOD0_(typename, const, ct, m, F)
-#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD1_T_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, F) \
-    GMOCK_METHOD1_(typename, const, ct, m, F)
-#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD2_T_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, F) \
-    GMOCK_METHOD2_(typename, const, ct, m, F)
-#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD3_T_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, F) \
-    GMOCK_METHOD3_(typename, const, ct, m, F)
-#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD4_T_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, F) \
-    GMOCK_METHOD4_(typename, const, ct, m, F)
-#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD5_T_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, F) \
-    GMOCK_METHOD5_(typename, const, ct, m, F)
-#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD6_T_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, F) \
-    GMOCK_METHOD6_(typename, const, ct, m, F)
-#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD7_T_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, F) \
-    GMOCK_METHOD7_(typename, const, ct, m, F)
-#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD8_T_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, F) \
-    GMOCK_METHOD8_(typename, const, ct, m, F)
-#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD9_T_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, F) \
-    GMOCK_METHOD9_(typename, const, ct, m, F)
-#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD10_T_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, F) \
-    GMOCK_METHOD10_(typename, const, ct, m, F)
+#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD0_T_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, ...) \
+    GMOCK_METHOD0_(typename, const, ct, m, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD1_T_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, ...) \
+    GMOCK_METHOD1_(typename, const, ct, m, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD2_T_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, ...) \
+    GMOCK_METHOD2_(typename, const, ct, m, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD3_T_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, ...) \
+    GMOCK_METHOD3_(typename, const, ct, m, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD4_T_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, ...) \
+    GMOCK_METHOD4_(typename, const, ct, m, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD5_T_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, ...) \
+    GMOCK_METHOD5_(typename, const, ct, m, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD6_T_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, ...) \
+    GMOCK_METHOD6_(typename, const, ct, m, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD7_T_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, ...) \
+    GMOCK_METHOD7_(typename, const, ct, m, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD8_T_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, ...) \
+    GMOCK_METHOD8_(typename, const, ct, m, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD9_T_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, ...) \
+    GMOCK_METHOD9_(typename, const, ct, m, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD10_T_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, ...) \
+    GMOCK_METHOD10_(typename, const, ct, m, __VA_ARGS__)
 
 // A MockFunction<F> class has one mock method whose type is F.  It is
 // useful when you just want your test code to emit some messages and
 // have Google Mock verify the right messages are sent (and perhaps at
 // the right times).  For example, if you are exercising code:
 //
 //   Foo(1);
 //   Foo(2);
@@ -788,142 +853,243 @@ using internal::FunctionMocker;
 //   Foo(3);
 // }
 //
 // The expectation spec says that the first Bar("a") must happen
 // before check point "1", the second Bar("a") must happen after check
 // point "2", and nothing should happen between the two check
 // points. The explicit check points make it easy to tell which
 // Bar("a") is called by which call to Foo().
+//
+// MockFunction<F> can also be used to exercise code that accepts
+// std::function<F> callbacks. To do so, use AsStdFunction() method
+// to create std::function proxy forwarding to original object's Call.
+// Example:
+//
+// TEST(FooTest, RunsCallbackWithBarArgument) {
+//   MockFunction<int(string)> callback;
+//   EXPECT_CALL(callback, Call("bar")).WillOnce(Return(1));
+//   Foo(callback.AsStdFunction());
+// }
 template <typename F>
 class MockFunction;
 
 template <typename R>
 class MockFunction<R()> {
  public:
   MockFunction() {}
 
   MOCK_METHOD0_T(Call, R());
 
+#if GTEST_HAS_STD_FUNCTION_
+  std::function<R()> AsStdFunction() {
+    return [this]() -> R {
+      return this->Call();
+    };
+  }
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_FUNCTION_
+
  private:
   GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(MockFunction);
 };
 
 template <typename R, typename A0>
 class MockFunction<R(A0)> {
  public:
   MockFunction() {}
 
   MOCK_METHOD1_T(Call, R(A0));
 
+#if GTEST_HAS_STD_FUNCTION_
+  std::function<R(A0)> AsStdFunction() {
+    return [this](A0 a0) -> R {
+      return this->Call(a0);
+    };
+  }
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_FUNCTION_
+
  private:
   GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(MockFunction);
 };
 
 template <typename R, typename A0, typename A1>
 class MockFunction<R(A0, A1)> {
  public:
   MockFunction() {}
 
   MOCK_METHOD2_T(Call, R(A0, A1));
 
+#if GTEST_HAS_STD_FUNCTION_
+  std::function<R(A0, A1)> AsStdFunction() {
+    return [this](A0 a0, A1 a1) -> R {
+      return this->Call(a0, a1);
+    };
+  }
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_FUNCTION_
+
  private:
   GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(MockFunction);
 };
 
 template <typename R, typename A0, typename A1, typename A2>
 class MockFunction<R(A0, A1, A2)> {
  public:
   MockFunction() {}
 
   MOCK_METHOD3_T(Call, R(A0, A1, A2));
 
+#if GTEST_HAS_STD_FUNCTION_
+  std::function<R(A0, A1, A2)> AsStdFunction() {
+    return [this](A0 a0, A1 a1, A2 a2) -> R {
+      return this->Call(a0, a1, a2);
+    };
+  }
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_FUNCTION_
+
  private:
   GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(MockFunction);
 };
 
 template <typename R, typename A0, typename A1, typename A2, typename A3>
 class MockFunction<R(A0, A1, A2, A3)> {
  public:
   MockFunction() {}
 
   MOCK_METHOD4_T(Call, R(A0, A1, A2, A3));
 
+#if GTEST_HAS_STD_FUNCTION_
+  std::function<R(A0, A1, A2, A3)> AsStdFunction() {
+    return [this](A0 a0, A1 a1, A2 a2, A3 a3) -> R {
+      return this->Call(a0, a1, a2, a3);
+    };
+  }
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_FUNCTION_
+
  private:
   GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(MockFunction);
 };
 
 template <typename R, typename A0, typename A1, typename A2, typename A3,
     typename A4>
 class MockFunction<R(A0, A1, A2, A3, A4)> {
  public:
   MockFunction() {}
 
   MOCK_METHOD5_T(Call, R(A0, A1, A2, A3, A4));
 
+#if GTEST_HAS_STD_FUNCTION_
+  std::function<R(A0, A1, A2, A3, A4)> AsStdFunction() {
+    return [this](A0 a0, A1 a1, A2 a2, A3 a3, A4 a4) -> R {
+      return this->Call(a0, a1, a2, a3, a4);
+    };
+  }
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_FUNCTION_
+
  private:
   GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(MockFunction);
 };
 
 template <typename R, typename A0, typename A1, typename A2, typename A3,
     typename A4, typename A5>
 class MockFunction<R(A0, A1, A2, A3, A4, A5)> {
  public:
   MockFunction() {}
 
   MOCK_METHOD6_T(Call, R(A0, A1, A2, A3, A4, A5));
 
+#if GTEST_HAS_STD_FUNCTION_
+  std::function<R(A0, A1, A2, A3, A4, A5)> AsStdFunction() {
+    return [this](A0 a0, A1 a1, A2 a2, A3 a3, A4 a4, A5 a5) -> R {
+      return this->Call(a0, a1, a2, a3, a4, a5);
+    };
+  }
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_FUNCTION_
+
  private:
   GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(MockFunction);
 };
 
 template <typename R, typename A0, typename A1, typename A2, typename A3,
     typename A4, typename A5, typename A6>
 class MockFunction<R(A0, A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6)> {
  public:
   MockFunction() {}
 
   MOCK_METHOD7_T(Call, R(A0, A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6));
 
+#if GTEST_HAS_STD_FUNCTION_
+  std::function<R(A0, A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6)> AsStdFunction() {
+    return [this](A0 a0, A1 a1, A2 a2, A3 a3, A4 a4, A5 a5, A6 a6) -> R {
+      return this->Call(a0, a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6);
+    };
+  }
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_FUNCTION_
+
  private:
   GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(MockFunction);
 };
 
 template <typename R, typename A0, typename A1, typename A2, typename A3,
     typename A4, typename A5, typename A6, typename A7>
 class MockFunction<R(A0, A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7)> {
  public:
   MockFunction() {}
 
   MOCK_METHOD8_T(Call, R(A0, A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7));
 
+#if GTEST_HAS_STD_FUNCTION_
+  std::function<R(A0, A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7)> AsStdFunction() {
+    return [this](A0 a0, A1 a1, A2 a2, A3 a3, A4 a4, A5 a5, A6 a6, A7 a7) -> R {
+      return this->Call(a0, a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7);
+    };
+  }
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_FUNCTION_
+
  private:
   GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(MockFunction);
 };
 
 template <typename R, typename A0, typename A1, typename A2, typename A3,
     typename A4, typename A5, typename A6, typename A7, typename A8>
 class MockFunction<R(A0, A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8)> {
  public:
   MockFunction() {}
 
   MOCK_METHOD9_T(Call, R(A0, A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8));
 
+#if GTEST_HAS_STD_FUNCTION_
+  std::function<R(A0, A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8)> AsStdFunction() {
+    return [this](A0 a0, A1 a1, A2 a2, A3 a3, A4 a4, A5 a5, A6 a6, A7 a7,
+        A8 a8) -> R {
+      return this->Call(a0, a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7, a8);
+    };
+  }
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_FUNCTION_
+
  private:
   GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(MockFunction);
 };
 
 template <typename R, typename A0, typename A1, typename A2, typename A3,
     typename A4, typename A5, typename A6, typename A7, typename A8,
     typename A9>
 class MockFunction<R(A0, A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8, A9)> {
  public:
   MockFunction() {}
 
   MOCK_METHOD10_T(Call, R(A0, A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8, A9));
 
+#if GTEST_HAS_STD_FUNCTION_
+  std::function<R(A0, A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8, A9)> AsStdFunction() {
+    return [this](A0 a0, A1 a1, A2 a2, A3 a3, A4 a4, A5 a5, A6 a6, A7 a7,
+        A8 a8, A9 a9) -> R {
+      return this->Call(a0, a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7, a8, a9);
+    };
+  }
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_FUNCTION_
+
  private:
   GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(MockFunction);
 };
 
 }  // namespace testing
 
 #endif  // GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_GMOCK_GENERATED_FUNCTION_MOCKERS_H_
--- a/testing/gtest/gmock/include/gmock/gmock-generated-function-mockers.h.pump
+++ b/testing/gtest/gmock/include/gmock/gmock-generated-function-mockers.h.pump
@@ -39,16 +39,20 @@
 // This file implements function mockers of various arities.
 
 #ifndef GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_GMOCK_GENERATED_FUNCTION_MOCKERS_H_
 #define GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_GMOCK_GENERATED_FUNCTION_MOCKERS_H_
 
 #include "gmock/gmock-spec-builders.h"
 #include "gmock/internal/gmock-internal-utils.h"
 
+#if GTEST_HAS_STD_FUNCTION_
+# include <functional>
+#endif
+
 namespace testing {
 namespace internal {
 
 template <typename F>
 class FunctionMockerBase;
 
 // Note: class FunctionMocker really belongs to the ::testing
 // namespace.  However if we define it in ::testing, MSVC will
@@ -73,17 +77,17 @@ class FunctionMocker<R($As)> : public
     internal::FunctionMockerBase<R($As)> {
  public:
   typedef R F($As);
   typedef typename internal::Function<F>::ArgumentTuple ArgumentTuple;
 
   MockSpec<F>& With($matchers) {
 
 $if i >= 1 [[
-    this->current_spec().SetMatchers(::std::tr1::make_tuple($ms));
+    this->current_spec().SetMatchers(::testing::make_tuple($ms));
 
 ]]
     return this->current_spec();
   }
 
   R Invoke($Aas) {
     // Even though gcc and MSVC don't enforce it, 'this->' is required
     // by the C++ standard [14.6.4] here, as the base class type is
@@ -99,108 +103,115 @@ class FunctionMocker<R($As)> : public
 
 // The style guide prohibits "using" statements in a namespace scope
 // inside a header file.  However, the FunctionMocker class template
 // is meant to be defined in the ::testing namespace.  The following
 // line is just a trick for working around a bug in MSVC 8.0, which
 // cannot handle it if we define FunctionMocker in ::testing.
 using internal::FunctionMocker;
 
-// The result type of function type F.
-// INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DON'T USE IN USER CODE!!!
-#define GMOCK_RESULT_(tn, F) tn ::testing::internal::Function<F>::Result
-
-// The type of argument N of function type F.
+// GMOCK_RESULT_(tn, F) expands to the result type of function type F.
+// We define this as a variadic macro in case F contains unprotected
+// commas (the same reason that we use variadic macros in other places
+// in this file).
 // INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DON'T USE IN USER CODE!!!
-#define GMOCK_ARG_(tn, F, N) tn ::testing::internal::Function<F>::Argument##N
+#define GMOCK_RESULT_(tn, ...) \
+    tn ::testing::internal::Function<__VA_ARGS__>::Result
 
-// The matcher type for argument N of function type F.
+// The type of argument N of the given function type.
 // INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DON'T USE IN USER CODE!!!
-#define GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, F, N) const ::testing::Matcher<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, F, N)>&
+#define GMOCK_ARG_(tn, N, ...) \
+    tn ::testing::internal::Function<__VA_ARGS__>::Argument##N
+
+// The matcher type for argument N of the given function type.
+// INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DON'T USE IN USER CODE!!!
+#define GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, N, ...) \
+    const ::testing::Matcher<GMOCK_ARG_(tn, N, __VA_ARGS__)>&
 
 // The variable for mocking the given method.
 // INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DON'T USE IN USER CODE!!!
 #define GMOCK_MOCKER_(arity, constness, Method) \
     GTEST_CONCAT_TOKEN_(gmock##constness##arity##_##Method##_, __LINE__)
 
 
 $for i [[
 $range j 1..i
 $var arg_as = [[$for j, \
-                                 [[GMOCK_ARG_(tn, F, $j) gmock_a$j]]]]
+      [[GMOCK_ARG_(tn, $j, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a$j]]]]
 $var as = [[$for j, [[gmock_a$j]]]]
 $var matcher_as = [[$for j, \
-                     [[GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, F, $j) gmock_a$j]]]]
+                     [[GMOCK_MATCHER_(tn, $j, __VA_ARGS__) gmock_a$j]]]]
 // INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DON'T USE IN USER CODE!!!
-#define GMOCK_METHOD$i[[]]_(tn, constness, ct, Method, F) \
-  GMOCK_RESULT_(tn, F) ct Method($arg_as) constness { \
-    GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_(::std::tr1::tuple_size< \
-        tn ::testing::internal::Function<F>::ArgumentTuple>::value == $i, \
+#define GMOCK_METHOD$i[[]]_(tn, constness, ct, Method, ...) \
+  GMOCK_RESULT_(tn, __VA_ARGS__) ct Method( \
+      $arg_as) constness { \
+    GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_((::testing::tuple_size<                          \
+        tn ::testing::internal::Function<__VA_ARGS__>::ArgumentTuple>::value == $i), \
         this_method_does_not_take_$i[[]]_argument[[$if i != 1 [[s]]]]); \
     GMOCK_MOCKER_($i, constness, Method).SetOwnerAndName(this, #Method); \
     return GMOCK_MOCKER_($i, constness, Method).Invoke($as); \
   } \
-  ::testing::MockSpec<F>& \
+  ::testing::MockSpec<__VA_ARGS__>& \
       gmock_##Method($matcher_as) constness { \
     GMOCK_MOCKER_($i, constness, Method).RegisterOwner(this); \
     return GMOCK_MOCKER_($i, constness, Method).With($as); \
   } \
-  mutable ::testing::FunctionMocker<F> GMOCK_MOCKER_($i, constness, Method)
+  mutable ::testing::FunctionMocker<__VA_ARGS__> GMOCK_MOCKER_($i, constness, Method)
 
 
 ]]
 $for i [[
-#define MOCK_METHOD$i(m, F) GMOCK_METHOD$i[[]]_(, , , m, F)
+#define MOCK_METHOD$i(m, ...) GMOCK_METHOD$i[[]]_(, , , m, __VA_ARGS__)
 
 ]]
 
 
 $for i [[
-#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD$i(m, F) GMOCK_METHOD$i[[]]_(, const, , m, F)
+#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD$i(m, ...) GMOCK_METHOD$i[[]]_(, const, , m, __VA_ARGS__)
 
 ]]
 
 
 $for i [[
-#define MOCK_METHOD$i[[]]_T(m, F) GMOCK_METHOD$i[[]]_(typename, , , m, F)
+#define MOCK_METHOD$i[[]]_T(m, ...) GMOCK_METHOD$i[[]]_(typename, , , m, __VA_ARGS__)
 
 ]]
 
 
 $for i [[
-#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD$i[[]]_T(m, F) [[]]
-GMOCK_METHOD$i[[]]_(typename, const, , m, F)
+#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD$i[[]]_T(m, ...) \
+    GMOCK_METHOD$i[[]]_(typename, const, , m, __VA_ARGS__)
 
 ]]
 
 
 $for i [[
-#define MOCK_METHOD$i[[]]_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, F) [[]]
-GMOCK_METHOD$i[[]]_(, , ct, m, F)
+#define MOCK_METHOD$i[[]]_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, ...) \
+    GMOCK_METHOD$i[[]]_(, , ct, m, __VA_ARGS__)
 
 ]]
 
 
 $for i [[
-#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD$i[[]]_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, F) \
-    GMOCK_METHOD$i[[]]_(, const, ct, m, F)
+#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD$i[[]]_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, ...) \
+    GMOCK_METHOD$i[[]]_(, const, ct, m, __VA_ARGS__)
 
 ]]
 
 
 $for i [[
-#define MOCK_METHOD$i[[]]_T_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, F) \
-    GMOCK_METHOD$i[[]]_(typename, , ct, m, F)
+#define MOCK_METHOD$i[[]]_T_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, ...) \
+    GMOCK_METHOD$i[[]]_(typename, , ct, m, __VA_ARGS__)
 
 ]]
 
 
 $for i [[
-#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD$i[[]]_T_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, F) \
-    GMOCK_METHOD$i[[]]_(typename, const, ct, m, F)
+#define MOCK_CONST_METHOD$i[[]]_T_WITH_CALLTYPE(ct, m, ...) \
+    GMOCK_METHOD$i[[]]_(typename, const, ct, m, __VA_ARGS__)
 
 ]]
 
 // A MockFunction<F> class has one mock method whose type is F.  It is
 // useful when you just want your test code to emit some messages and
 // have Google Mock verify the right messages are sent (and perhaps at
 // the right times).  For example, if you are exercising code:
 //
@@ -229,28 +240,50 @@ GMOCK_METHOD$i[[]]_(, , ct, m, F)
 //   Foo(3);
 // }
 //
 // The expectation spec says that the first Bar("a") must happen
 // before check point "1", the second Bar("a") must happen after check
 // point "2", and nothing should happen between the two check
 // points. The explicit check points make it easy to tell which
 // Bar("a") is called by which call to Foo().
+//
+// MockFunction<F> can also be used to exercise code that accepts
+// std::function<F> callbacks. To do so, use AsStdFunction() method
+// to create std::function proxy forwarding to original object's Call.
+// Example:
+//
+// TEST(FooTest, RunsCallbackWithBarArgument) {
+//   MockFunction<int(string)> callback;
+//   EXPECT_CALL(callback, Call("bar")).WillOnce(Return(1));
+//   Foo(callback.AsStdFunction());
+// }
 template <typename F>
 class MockFunction;
 
 
 $for i [[
 $range j 0..i-1
+$var ArgTypes = [[$for j, [[A$j]]]]
+$var ArgNames = [[$for j, [[a$j]]]]
+$var ArgDecls = [[$for j, [[A$j a$j]]]]
 template <typename R$for j [[, typename A$j]]>
-class MockFunction<R($for j, [[A$j]])> {
+class MockFunction<R($ArgTypes)> {
  public:
   MockFunction() {}
 
-  MOCK_METHOD$i[[]]_T(Call, R($for j, [[A$j]]));
+  MOCK_METHOD$i[[]]_T(Call, R($ArgTypes));
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_STD_FUNCTION_
+  std::function<R($ArgTypes)> AsStdFunction() {
+    return [this]($ArgDecls) -> R {
+      return this->Call($ArgNames);
+    };
+  }
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_FUNCTION_
 
  private:
   GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(MockFunction);
 };
 
 
 ]]
 }  // namespace testing
--- a/testing/gtest/gmock/include/gmock/gmock-generated-matchers.h
+++ b/testing/gtest/gmock/include/gmock/gmock-generated-matchers.h
@@ -33,27 +33,28 @@
 
 // Google Mock - a framework for writing C++ mock classes.
 //
 // This file implements some commonly used variadic matchers.
 
 #ifndef GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_GMOCK_GENERATED_MATCHERS_H_
 #define GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_GMOCK_GENERATED_MATCHERS_H_
 
+#include <iterator>
 #include <sstream>
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
 #include "gmock/gmock-matchers.h"
 
 namespace testing {
 namespace internal {
 
 // The type of the i-th (0-based) field of Tuple.
 #define GMOCK_FIELD_TYPE_(Tuple, i) \
-    typename ::std::tr1::tuple_element<i, Tuple>::type
+    typename ::testing::tuple_element<i, Tuple>::type
 
 // TupleFields<Tuple, k0, ..., kn> is for selecting fields from a
 // tuple of type Tuple.  It has two members:
 //
 //   type: a tuple type whose i-th field is the ki-th field of Tuple.
 //   GetSelectedFields(t): returns fields k0, ..., and kn of t as a tuple.
 //
 // For example, in class TupleFields<tuple<bool, char, int>, 2, 0>, we have:
@@ -66,152 +67,141 @@ template <class Tuple, int k0 = -1, int 
     int k9 = -1>
 class TupleFields;
 
 // This generic version is used when there are 10 selectors.
 template <class Tuple, int k0, int k1, int k2, int k3, int k4, int k5, int k6,
     int k7, int k8, int k9>
 class TupleFields {
  public:
-  typedef ::std::tr1::tuple<GMOCK_FIELD_TYPE_(Tuple, k0),
+  typedef ::testing::tuple<GMOCK_FIELD_TYPE_(Tuple, k0),
       GMOCK_FIELD_TYPE_(Tuple, k1), GMOCK_FIELD_TYPE_(Tuple, k2),
       GMOCK_FIELD_TYPE_(Tuple, k3), GMOCK_FIELD_TYPE_(Tuple, k4),
       GMOCK_FIELD_TYPE_(Tuple, k5), GMOCK_FIELD_TYPE_(Tuple, k6),
       GMOCK_FIELD_TYPE_(Tuple, k7), GMOCK_FIELD_TYPE_(Tuple, k8),
       GMOCK_FIELD_TYPE_(Tuple, k9)> type;
   static type GetSelectedFields(const Tuple& t) {
-    using ::std::tr1::get;
     return type(get<k0>(t), get<k1>(t), get<k2>(t), get<k3>(t), get<k4>(t),
         get<k5>(t), get<k6>(t), get<k7>(t), get<k8>(t), get<k9>(t));
   }
 };
 
 // The following specialization is used for 0 ~ 9 selectors.
 
 template <class Tuple>
 class TupleFields<Tuple, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1> {
  public:
-  typedef ::std::tr1::tuple<> type;
+  typedef ::testing::tuple<> type;
   static type GetSelectedFields(const Tuple& /* t */) {
-    using ::std::tr1::get;
     return type();
   }
 };
 
 template <class Tuple, int k0>
 class TupleFields<Tuple, k0, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1> {
  public:
-  typedef ::std::tr1::tuple<GMOCK_FIELD_TYPE_(Tuple, k0)> type;
+  typedef ::testing::tuple<GMOCK_FIELD_TYPE_(Tuple, k0)> type;
   static type GetSelectedFields(const Tuple& t) {
-    using ::std::tr1::get;
     return type(get<k0>(t));
   }
 };
 
 template <class Tuple, int k0, int k1>
 class TupleFields<Tuple, k0, k1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1> {
  public:
-  typedef ::std::tr1::tuple<GMOCK_FIELD_TYPE_(Tuple, k0),
+  typedef ::testing::tuple<GMOCK_FIELD_TYPE_(Tuple, k0),
       GMOCK_FIELD_TYPE_(Tuple, k1)> type;
   static type GetSelectedFields(const Tuple& t) {
-    using ::std::tr1::get;
     return type(get<k0>(t), get<k1>(t));
   }
 };
 
 template <class Tuple, int k0, int k1, int k2>
 class TupleFields<Tuple, k0, k1, k2, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1> {
  public:
-  typedef ::std::tr1::tuple<GMOCK_FIELD_TYPE_(Tuple, k0),
+  typedef ::testing::tuple<GMOCK_FIELD_TYPE_(Tuple, k0),
       GMOCK_FIELD_TYPE_(Tuple, k1), GMOCK_FIELD_TYPE_(Tuple, k2)> type;
   static type GetSelectedFields(const Tuple& t) {
-    using ::std::tr1::get;
     return type(get<k0>(t), get<k1>(t), get<k2>(t));
   }
 };
 
 template <class Tuple, int k0, int k1, int k2, int k3>
 class TupleFields<Tuple, k0, k1, k2, k3, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1> {
  public:
-  typedef ::std::tr1::tuple<GMOCK_FIELD_TYPE_(Tuple, k0),
+  typedef ::testing::tuple<GMOCK_FIELD_TYPE_(Tuple, k0),
       GMOCK_FIELD_TYPE_(Tuple, k1), GMOCK_FIELD_TYPE_(Tuple, k2),
       GMOCK_FIELD_TYPE_(Tuple, k3)> type;
   static type GetSelectedFields(const Tuple& t) {
-    using ::std::tr1::get;
     return type(get<k0>(t), get<k1>(t), get<k2>(t), get<k3>(t));
   }
 };
 
 template <class Tuple, int k0, int k1, int k2, int k3, int k4>
 class TupleFields<Tuple, k0, k1, k2, k3, k4, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1> {
  public:
-  typedef ::std::tr1::tuple<GMOCK_FIELD_TYPE_(Tuple, k0),
+  typedef ::testing::tuple<GMOCK_FIELD_TYPE_(Tuple, k0),
       GMOCK_FIELD_TYPE_(Tuple, k1), GMOCK_FIELD_TYPE_(Tuple, k2),
       GMOCK_FIELD_TYPE_(Tuple, k3), GMOCK_FIELD_TYPE_(Tuple, k4)> type;
   static type GetSelectedFields(const Tuple& t) {
-    using ::std::tr1::get;
     return type(get<k0>(t), get<k1>(t), get<k2>(t), get<k3>(t), get<k4>(t));
   }
 };
 
 template <class Tuple, int k0, int k1, int k2, int k3, int k4, int k5>
 class TupleFields<Tuple, k0, k1, k2, k3, k4, k5, -1, -1, -1, -1> {
  public:
-  typedef ::std::tr1::tuple<GMOCK_FIELD_TYPE_(Tuple, k0),
+  typedef ::testing::tuple<GMOCK_FIELD_TYPE_(Tuple, k0),
       GMOCK_FIELD_TYPE_(Tuple, k1), GMOCK_FIELD_TYPE_(Tuple, k2),
       GMOCK_FIELD_TYPE_(Tuple, k3), GMOCK_FIELD_TYPE_(Tuple, k4),
       GMOCK_FIELD_TYPE_(Tuple, k5)> type;
   static type GetSelectedFields(const Tuple& t) {
-    using ::std::tr1::get;
     return type(get<k0>(t), get<k1>(t), get<k2>(t), get<k3>(t), get<k4>(t),
         get<k5>(t));
   }
 };
 
 template <class Tuple, int k0, int k1, int k2, int k3, int k4, int k5, int k6>
 class TupleFields<Tuple, k0, k1, k2, k3, k4, k5, k6, -1, -1, -1> {
  public:
-  typedef ::std::tr1::tuple<GMOCK_FIELD_TYPE_(Tuple, k0),
+  typedef ::testing::tuple<GMOCK_FIELD_TYPE_(Tuple, k0),
       GMOCK_FIELD_TYPE_(Tuple, k1), GMOCK_FIELD_TYPE_(Tuple, k2),
       GMOCK_FIELD_TYPE_(Tuple, k3), GMOCK_FIELD_TYPE_(Tuple, k4),
       GMOCK_FIELD_TYPE_(Tuple, k5), GMOCK_FIELD_TYPE_(Tuple, k6)> type;
   static type GetSelectedFields(const Tuple& t) {
-    using ::std::tr1::get;
     return type(get<k0>(t), get<k1>(t), get<k2>(t), get<k3>(t), get<k4>(t),
         get<k5>(t), get<k6>(t));
   }
 };
 
 template <class Tuple, int k0, int k1, int k2, int k3, int k4, int k5, int k6,
     int k7>
 class TupleFields<Tuple, k0, k1, k2, k3, k4, k5, k6, k7, -1, -1> {
  public:
-  typedef ::std::tr1::tuple<GMOCK_FIELD_TYPE_(Tuple, k0),
+  typedef ::testing::tuple<GMOCK_FIELD_TYPE_(Tuple, k0),
       GMOCK_FIELD_TYPE_(Tuple, k1), GMOCK_FIELD_TYPE_(Tuple, k2),
       GMOCK_FIELD_TYPE_(Tuple, k3), GMOCK_FIELD_TYPE_(Tuple, k4),
       GMOCK_FIELD_TYPE_(Tuple, k5), GMOCK_FIELD_TYPE_(Tuple, k6),
       GMOCK_FIELD_TYPE_(Tuple, k7)> type;
   static type GetSelectedFields(const Tuple& t) {
-    using ::std::tr1::get;
     return type(get<k0>(t), get<k1>(t), get<k2>(t), get<k3>(t), get<k4>(t),
         get<k5>(t), get<k6>(t), get<k7>(t));
   }
 };
 
 template <class Tuple, int k0, int k1, int k2, int k3, int k4, int k5, int k6,
     int k7, int k8>
 class TupleFields<Tuple, k0, k1, k2, k3, k4, k5, k6, k7, k8, -1> {
  public:
-  typedef ::std::tr1::tuple<GMOCK_FIELD_TYPE_(Tuple, k0),
+  typedef ::testing::tuple<GMOCK_FIELD_TYPE_(Tuple, k0),
       GMOCK_FIELD_TYPE_(Tuple, k1), GMOCK_FIELD_TYPE_(Tuple, k2),
       GMOCK_FIELD_TYPE_(Tuple, k3), GMOCK_FIELD_TYPE_(Tuple, k4),
       GMOCK_FIELD_TYPE_(Tuple, k5), GMOCK_FIELD_TYPE_(Tuple, k6),
       GMOCK_FIELD_TYPE_(Tuple, k7), GMOCK_FIELD_TYPE_(Tuple, k8)> type;
   static type GetSelectedFields(const Tuple& t) {
-    using ::std::tr1::get;
     return type(get<k0>(t), get<k1>(t), get<k2>(t), get<k3>(t), get<k4>(t),
         get<k5>(t), get<k6>(t), get<k7>(t), get<k8>(t));
   }
 };
 
 #undef GMOCK_FIELD_TYPE_
 
 // Implements the Args() matcher.
@@ -300,370 +290,190 @@ class ArgsMatcher {
   }
 
  private:
   const InnerMatcher inner_matcher_;
 
   GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(ArgsMatcher);
 };
 
-// Implements ElementsAre() of 1-10 arguments.
-
-template <typename T1>
-class ElementsAreMatcher1 {
- public:
-  explicit ElementsAreMatcher1(const T1& e1) : e1_(e1) {}
-
-  template <typename Container>
-  operator Matcher<Container>() const {
-    typedef GTEST_REMOVE_REFERENCE_AND_CONST_(Container) RawContainer;
-    typedef typename internal::StlContainerView<RawContainer>::type::value_type
-        Element;
+// A set of metafunctions for computing the result type of AllOf.
+// AllOf(m1, ..., mN) returns
+// AllOfResultN<decltype(m1), ..., decltype(mN)>::type.
 
-    // Nokia's Symbian Compiler has a nasty bug where the object put
-    // in a one-element local array is not destructed when the array
-    // goes out of scope.  This leads to obvious badness as we've
-    // added the linked_ptr in it to our other linked_ptrs list.
-    // Hence we implement ElementsAreMatcher1 specially to avoid using
-    // a local array.
-    const Matcher<const Element&> matcher =
-        MatcherCast<const Element&>(e1_);
-    return MakeMatcher(new ElementsAreMatcherImpl<Container>(&matcher, 1));
-  }
-
- private:
-  const T1& e1_;
-
-  GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(ElementsAreMatcher1);
+// Although AllOf isn't defined for one argument, AllOfResult1 is defined
+// to simplify the implementation.
+template <typename M1>
+struct AllOfResult1 {
+  typedef M1 type;
 };
 
-template <typename T1, typename T2>
-class ElementsAreMatcher2 {
- public:
-  ElementsAreMatcher2(const T1& e1, const T2& e2) : e1_(e1), e2_(e2) {}
-
-  template <typename Container>
-  operator Matcher<Container>() const {
-    typedef GTEST_REMOVE_REFERENCE_AND_CONST_(Container) RawContainer;
-    typedef typename internal::StlContainerView<RawContainer>::type::value_type
-        Element;
+template <typename M1, typename M2>
+struct AllOfResult2 {
+  typedef BothOfMatcher<
+      typename AllOfResult1<M1>::type,
+      typename AllOfResult1<M2>::type
+  > type;
+};
 
-    const Matcher<const Element&> matchers[] = {
-      MatcherCast<const Element&>(e1_),
-      MatcherCast<const Element&>(e2_),
-    };
+template <typename M1, typename M2, typename M3>
+struct AllOfResult3 {
+  typedef BothOfMatcher<
+      typename AllOfResult1<M1>::type,
+      typename AllOfResult2<M2, M3>::type
+  > type;
+};
 
-    return MakeMatcher(new ElementsAreMatcherImpl<Container>(matchers, 2));
-  }
-
- private:
-  const T1& e1_;
-  const T2& e2_;
-
-  GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(ElementsAreMatcher2);
+template <typename M1, typename M2, typename M3, typename M4>
+struct AllOfResult4 {
+  typedef BothOfMatcher<
+      typename AllOfResult2<M1, M2>::type,
+      typename AllOfResult2<M3, M4>::type
+  > type;
 };
 
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3>
-class ElementsAreMatcher3 {
- public:
-  ElementsAreMatcher3(const T1& e1, const T2& e2, const T3& e3) : e1_(e1),
-      e2_(e2), e3_(e3) {}
-
-  template <typename Container>
-  operator Matcher<Container>() const {
-    typedef GTEST_REMOVE_REFERENCE_AND_CONST_(Container) RawContainer;
-    typedef typename internal::StlContainerView<RawContainer>::type::value_type
-        Element;
+template <typename M1, typename M2, typename M3, typename M4, typename M5>
+struct AllOfResult5 {
+  typedef BothOfMatcher<
+      typename AllOfResult2<M1, M2>::type,
+      typename AllOfResult3<M3, M4, M5>::type
+  > type;
+};
 
-    const Matcher<const Element&> matchers[] = {
-      MatcherCast<const Element&>(e1_),
-      MatcherCast<const Element&>(e2_),
-      MatcherCast<const Element&>(e3_),
-    };
-
-    return MakeMatcher(new ElementsAreMatcherImpl<Container>(matchers, 3));
-  }
-
- private:
-  const T1& e1_;
-  const T2& e2_;
-  const T3& e3_;
-
-  GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(ElementsAreMatcher3);
+template <typename M1, typename M2, typename M3, typename M4, typename M5,
+    typename M6>
+struct AllOfResult6 {
+  typedef BothOfMatcher<
+      typename AllOfResult3<M1, M2, M3>::type,
+      typename AllOfResult3<M4, M5, M6>::type
+  > type;
 };
 
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4>
-class ElementsAreMatcher4 {
- public:
-  ElementsAreMatcher4(const T1& e1, const T2& e2, const T3& e3,
-      const T4& e4) : e1_(e1), e2_(e2), e3_(e3), e4_(e4) {}
-
-  template <typename Container>
-  operator Matcher<Container>() const {
-    typedef GTEST_REMOVE_REFERENCE_AND_CONST_(Container) RawContainer;
-    typedef typename internal::StlContainerView<RawContainer>::type::value_type
-        Element;
-
-    const Matcher<const Element&> matchers[] = {
-      MatcherCast<const Element&>(e1_),
-      MatcherCast<const Element&>(e2_),
-      MatcherCast<const Element&>(e3_),
-      MatcherCast<const Element&>(e4_),
-    };
-
-    return MakeMatcher(new ElementsAreMatcherImpl<Container>(matchers, 4));
-  }
-
- private:
-  const T1& e1_;
-  const T2& e2_;
-  const T3& e3_;
-  const T4& e4_;
-
-  GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(ElementsAreMatcher4);
+template <typename M1, typename M2, typename M3, typename M4, typename M5,
+    typename M6, typename M7>
+struct AllOfResult7 {
+  typedef BothOfMatcher<
+      typename AllOfResult3<M1, M2, M3>::type,
+      typename AllOfResult4<M4, M5, M6, M7>::type
+  > type;
 };
 
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5>
-class ElementsAreMatcher5 {
- public:
-  ElementsAreMatcher5(const T1& e1, const T2& e2, const T3& e3, const T4& e4,
-      const T5& e5) : e1_(e1), e2_(e2), e3_(e3), e4_(e4), e5_(e5) {}
-
-  template <typename Container>
-  operator Matcher<Container>() const {
-    typedef GTEST_REMOVE_REFERENCE_AND_CONST_(Container) RawContainer;
-    typedef typename internal::StlContainerView<RawContainer>::type::value_type
-        Element;
+template <typename M1, typename M2, typename M3, typename M4, typename M5,
+    typename M6, typename M7, typename M8>
+struct AllOfResult8 {
+  typedef BothOfMatcher<
+      typename AllOfResult4<M1, M2, M3, M4>::type,
+      typename AllOfResult4<M5, M6, M7, M8>::type
+  > type;
+};
 
-    const Matcher<const Element&> matchers[] = {
-      MatcherCast<const Element&>(e1_),
-      MatcherCast<const Element&>(e2_),
-      MatcherCast<const Element&>(e3_),
-      MatcherCast<const Element&>(e4_),
-      MatcherCast<const Element&>(e5_),
-    };
-
-    return MakeMatcher(new ElementsAreMatcherImpl<Container>(matchers, 5));
-  }
-
- private:
-  const T1& e1_;
-  const T2& e2_;
-  const T3& e3_;
-  const T4& e4_;
-  const T5& e5_;
-
-  GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(ElementsAreMatcher5);
+template <typename M1, typename M2, typename M3, typename M4, typename M5,
+    typename M6, typename M7, typename M8, typename M9>
+struct AllOfResult9 {
+  typedef BothOfMatcher<
+      typename AllOfResult4<M1, M2, M3, M4>::type,
+      typename AllOfResult5<M5, M6, M7, M8, M9>::type
+  > type;
 };
 
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6>
-class ElementsAreMatcher6 {
- public:
-  ElementsAreMatcher6(const T1& e1, const T2& e2, const T3& e3, const T4& e4,
-      const T5& e5, const T6& e6) : e1_(e1), e2_(e2), e3_(e3), e4_(e4),
-      e5_(e5), e6_(e6) {}
-
-  template <typename Container>
-  operator Matcher<Container>() const {
-    typedef GTEST_REMOVE_REFERENCE_AND_CONST_(Container) RawContainer;
-    typedef typename internal::StlContainerView<RawContainer>::type::value_type
-        Element;
+template <typename M1, typename M2, typename M3, typename M4, typename M5,
+    typename M6, typename M7, typename M8, typename M9, typename M10>
+struct AllOfResult10 {
+  typedef BothOfMatcher<
+      typename AllOfResult5<M1, M2, M3, M4, M5>::type,
+      typename AllOfResult5<M6, M7, M8, M9, M10>::type
+  > type;
+};
 
-    const Matcher<const Element&> matchers[] = {
-      MatcherCast<const Element&>(e1_),
-      MatcherCast<const Element&>(e2_),
-      MatcherCast<const Element&>(e3_),
-      MatcherCast<const Element&>(e4_),
-      MatcherCast<const Element&>(e5_),
-      MatcherCast<const Element&>(e6_),
-    };
+// A set of metafunctions for computing the result type of AnyOf.
+// AnyOf(m1, ..., mN) returns
+// AnyOfResultN<decltype(m1), ..., decltype(mN)>::type.
 
-    return MakeMatcher(new ElementsAreMatcherImpl<Container>(matchers, 6));
-  }
-
- private:
-  const T1& e1_;
-  const T2& e2_;
-  const T3& e3_;
-  const T4& e4_;
-  const T5& e5_;
-  const T6& e6_;
-
-  GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(ElementsAreMatcher6);
+// Although AnyOf isn't defined for one argument, AnyOfResult1 is defined
+// to simplify the implementation.
+template <typename M1>
+struct AnyOfResult1 {
+  typedef M1 type;
 };
 
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7>
-class ElementsAreMatcher7 {
- public:
-  ElementsAreMatcher7(const T1& e1, const T2& e2, const T3& e3, const T4& e4,
-      const T5& e5, const T6& e6, const T7& e7) : e1_(e1), e2_(e2), e3_(e3),
-      e4_(e4), e5_(e5), e6_(e6), e7_(e7) {}
-
-  template <typename Container>
-  operator Matcher<Container>() const {
-    typedef GTEST_REMOVE_REFERENCE_AND_CONST_(Container) RawContainer;
-    typedef typename internal::StlContainerView<RawContainer>::type::value_type
-        Element;
+template <typename M1, typename M2>
+struct AnyOfResult2 {
+  typedef EitherOfMatcher<
+      typename AnyOfResult1<M1>::type,
+      typename AnyOfResult1<M2>::type
+  > type;
+};
 
-    const Matcher<const Element&> matchers[] = {
-      MatcherCast<const Element&>(e1_),
-      MatcherCast<const Element&>(e2_),
-      MatcherCast<const Element&>(e3_),
-      MatcherCast<const Element&>(e4_),
-      MatcherCast<const Element&>(e5_),
-      MatcherCast<const Element&>(e6_),
-      MatcherCast<const Element&>(e7_),
-    };
+template <typename M1, typename M2, typename M3>
+struct AnyOfResult3 {
+  typedef EitherOfMatcher<
+      typename AnyOfResult1<M1>::type,
+      typename AnyOfResult2<M2, M3>::type
+  > type;
+};
 
-    return MakeMatcher(new ElementsAreMatcherImpl<Container>(matchers, 7));
-  }
-
- private:
-  const T1& e1_;
-  const T2& e2_;
-  const T3& e3_;
-  const T4& e4_;
-  const T5& e5_;
-  const T6& e6_;
-  const T7& e7_;
-
-  GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(ElementsAreMatcher7);
+template <typename M1, typename M2, typename M3, typename M4>
+struct AnyOfResult4 {
+  typedef EitherOfMatcher<
+      typename AnyOfResult2<M1, M2>::type,
+      typename AnyOfResult2<M3, M4>::type
+  > type;
 };
 
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8>
-class ElementsAreMatcher8 {
- public:
-  ElementsAreMatcher8(const T1& e1, const T2& e2, const T3& e3, const T4& e4,
-      const T5& e5, const T6& e6, const T7& e7, const T8& e8) : e1_(e1),
-      e2_(e2), e3_(e3), e4_(e4), e5_(e5), e6_(e6), e7_(e7), e8_(e8) {}
-
-  template <typename Container>
-  operator Matcher<Container>() const {
-    typedef GTEST_REMOVE_REFERENCE_AND_CONST_(Container) RawContainer;
-    typedef typename internal::StlContainerView<RawContainer>::type::value_type
-        Element;
+template <typename M1, typename M2, typename M3, typename M4, typename M5>
+struct AnyOfResult5 {
+  typedef EitherOfMatcher<
+      typename AnyOfResult2<M1, M2>::type,
+      typename AnyOfResult3<M3, M4, M5>::type
+  > type;
+};
 
-    const Matcher<const Element&> matchers[] = {
-      MatcherCast<const Element&>(e1_),
-      MatcherCast<const Element&>(e2_),
-      MatcherCast<const Element&>(e3_),
-      MatcherCast<const Element&>(e4_),
-      MatcherCast<const Element&>(e5_),
-      MatcherCast<const Element&>(e6_),
-      MatcherCast<const Element&>(e7_),
-      MatcherCast<const Element&>(e8_),
-    };
+template <typename M1, typename M2, typename M3, typename M4, typename M5,
+    typename M6>
+struct AnyOfResult6 {
+  typedef EitherOfMatcher<
+      typename AnyOfResult3<M1, M2, M3>::type,
+      typename AnyOfResult3<M4, M5, M6>::type
+  > type;
+};
 
-    return MakeMatcher(new ElementsAreMatcherImpl<Container>(matchers, 8));
-  }
-
- private:
-  const T1& e1_;
-  const T2& e2_;
-  const T3& e3_;
-  const T4& e4_;
-  const T5& e5_;
-  const T6& e6_;
-  const T7& e7_;
-  const T8& e8_;
-
-  GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(ElementsAreMatcher8);
+template <typename M1, typename M2, typename M3, typename M4, typename M5,
+    typename M6, typename M7>
+struct AnyOfResult7 {
+  typedef EitherOfMatcher<
+      typename AnyOfResult3<M1, M2, M3>::type,
+      typename AnyOfResult4<M4, M5, M6, M7>::type
+  > type;
 };
 
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9>
-class ElementsAreMatcher9 {
- public:
-  ElementsAreMatcher9(const T1& e1, const T2& e2, const T3& e3, const T4& e4,
-      const T5& e5, const T6& e6, const T7& e7, const T8& e8,
-      const T9& e9) : e1_(e1), e2_(e2), e3_(e3), e4_(e4), e5_(e5), e6_(e6),
-      e7_(e7), e8_(e8), e9_(e9) {}
-
-  template <typename Container>
-  operator Matcher<Container>() const {
-    typedef GTEST_REMOVE_REFERENCE_AND_CONST_(Container) RawContainer;
-    typedef typename internal::StlContainerView<RawContainer>::type::value_type
-        Element;
-
-    const Matcher<const Element&> matchers[] = {
-      MatcherCast<const Element&>(e1_),
-      MatcherCast<const Element&>(e2_),
-      MatcherCast<const Element&>(e3_),
-      MatcherCast<const Element&>(e4_),
-      MatcherCast<const Element&>(e5_),
-      MatcherCast<const Element&>(e6_),
-      MatcherCast<const Element&>(e7_),
-      MatcherCast<const Element&>(e8_),
-      MatcherCast<const Element&>(e9_),
-    };
-
-    return MakeMatcher(new ElementsAreMatcherImpl<Container>(matchers, 9));
-  }
-
- private:
-  const T1& e1_;
-  const T2& e2_;
-  const T3& e3_;
-  const T4& e4_;
-  const T5& e5_;
-  const T6& e6_;
-  const T7& e7_;
-  const T8& e8_;
-  const T9& e9_;
-
-  GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(ElementsAreMatcher9);
+template <typename M1, typename M2, typename M3, typename M4, typename M5,
+    typename M6, typename M7, typename M8>
+struct AnyOfResult8 {
+  typedef EitherOfMatcher<
+      typename AnyOfResult4<M1, M2, M3, M4>::type,
+      typename AnyOfResult4<M5, M6, M7, M8>::type
+  > type;
 };
 
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10>
-class ElementsAreMatcher10 {
- public:
-  ElementsAreMatcher10(const T1& e1, const T2& e2, const T3& e3, const T4& e4,
-      const T5& e5, const T6& e6, const T7& e7, const T8& e8, const T9& e9,
-      const T10& e10) : e1_(e1), e2_(e2), e3_(e3), e4_(e4), e5_(e5), e6_(e6),
-      e7_(e7), e8_(e8), e9_(e9), e10_(e10) {}
-
-  template <typename Container>
-  operator Matcher<Container>() const {
-    typedef GTEST_REMOVE_REFERENCE_AND_CONST_(Container) RawContainer;
-    typedef typename internal::StlContainerView<RawContainer>::type::value_type
-        Element;
+template <typename M1, typename M2, typename M3, typename M4, typename M5,
+    typename M6, typename M7, typename M8, typename M9>
+struct AnyOfResult9 {
+  typedef EitherOfMatcher<
+      typename AnyOfResult4<M1, M2, M3, M4>::type,
+      typename AnyOfResult5<M5, M6, M7, M8, M9>::type
+  > type;
+};
 
-    const Matcher<const Element&> matchers[] = {
-      MatcherCast<const Element&>(e1_),
-      MatcherCast<const Element&>(e2_),
-      MatcherCast<const Element&>(e3_),
-      MatcherCast<const Element&>(e4_),
-      MatcherCast<const Element&>(e5_),
-      MatcherCast<const Element&>(e6_),
-      MatcherCast<const Element&>(e7_),
-      MatcherCast<const Element&>(e8_),
-      MatcherCast<const Element&>(e9_),
-      MatcherCast<const Element&>(e10_),
-    };
-
-    return MakeMatcher(new ElementsAreMatcherImpl<Container>(matchers, 10));
-  }
-
- private:
-  const T1& e1_;
-  const T2& e2_;
-  const T3& e3_;
-  const T4& e4_;
-  const T5& e5_;
-  const T6& e6_;
-  const T7& e7_;
-  const T8& e8_;
-  const T9& e9_;
-  const T10& e10_;
-
-  GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(ElementsAreMatcher10);
+template <typename M1, typename M2, typename M3, typename M4, typename M5,
+    typename M6, typename M7, typename M8, typename M9, typename M10>
+struct AnyOfResult10 {
+  typedef EitherOfMatcher<
+      typename AnyOfResult5<M1, M2, M3, M4, M5>::type,
+      typename AnyOfResult5<M6, M7, M8, M9, M10>::type
+  > type;
 };
 
 }  // namespace internal
 
 // Args<N1, N2, ..., Nk>(a_matcher) matches a tuple if the selected
 // fields of it matches a_matcher.  C++ doesn't support default
 // arguments for function templates, so we have to overload it.
 template <typename InnerMatcher>
@@ -736,308 +546,623 @@ template <int k1, int k2, int k3, int k4
     int k9, int k10, typename InnerMatcher>
 inline internal::ArgsMatcher<InnerMatcher, k1, k2, k3, k4, k5, k6, k7, k8, k9,
     k10>
 Args(const InnerMatcher& matcher) {
   return internal::ArgsMatcher<InnerMatcher, k1, k2, k3, k4, k5, k6, k7, k8,
       k9, k10>(matcher);
 }
 
-// ElementsAre(e0, e1, ..., e_n) matches an STL-style container with
-// (n + 1) elements, where the i-th element in the container must
+// ElementsAre(e_1, e_2, ... e_n) matches an STL-style container with
+// n elements, where the i-th element in the container must
 // match the i-th argument in the list.  Each argument of
 // ElementsAre() can be either a value or a matcher.  We support up to
 // 10 arguments.
 //
+// The use of DecayArray in the implementation allows ElementsAre()
+// to accept string literals, whose type is const char[N], but we
+// want to treat them as const char*.
+//
 // NOTE: Since ElementsAre() cares about the order of the elements, it
 // must not be used with containers whose elements's order is
 // undefined (e.g. hash_map).
 
-inline internal::ElementsAreMatcher0 ElementsAre() {
-  return internal::ElementsAreMatcher0();
+inline internal::ElementsAreMatcher<
+    ::testing::tuple<> >
+ElementsAre() {
+  typedef ::testing::tuple<> Args;
+  return internal::ElementsAreMatcher<Args>(Args());
 }
 
 template <typename T1>
-inline internal::ElementsAreMatcher1<T1> ElementsAre(const T1& e1) {
-  return internal::ElementsAreMatcher1<T1>(e1);
+inline internal::ElementsAreMatcher<
+    ::testing::tuple<
+        typename internal::DecayArray<T1>::type> >
+ElementsAre(const T1& e1) {
+  typedef ::testing::tuple<
+      typename internal::DecayArray<T1>::type> Args;
+  return internal::ElementsAreMatcher<Args>(Args(e1));
 }
 
 template <typename T1, typename T2>
-inline internal::ElementsAreMatcher2<T1, T2> ElementsAre(const T1& e1,
-    const T2& e2) {
-  return internal::ElementsAreMatcher2<T1, T2>(e1, e2);
+inline internal::ElementsAreMatcher<
+    ::testing::tuple<
+        typename internal::DecayArray<T1>::type,
+        typename internal::DecayArray<T2>::type> >
+ElementsAre(const T1& e1, const T2& e2) {
+  typedef ::testing::tuple<
+      typename internal::DecayArray<T1>::type,
+      typename internal::DecayArray<T2>::type> Args;
+  return internal::ElementsAreMatcher<Args>(Args(e1, e2));
 }
 
 template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3>
-inline internal::ElementsAreMatcher3<T1, T2, T3> ElementsAre(const T1& e1,
-    const T2& e2, const T3& e3) {
-  return internal::ElementsAreMatcher3<T1, T2, T3>(e1, e2, e3);
+inline internal::ElementsAreMatcher<
+    ::testing::tuple<
+        typename internal::DecayArray<T1>::type,
+        typename internal::DecayArray<T2>::type,
+        typename internal::DecayArray<T3>::type> >
+ElementsAre(const T1& e1, const T2& e2, const T3& e3) {
+  typedef ::testing::tuple<
+      typename internal::DecayArray<T1>::type,
+      typename internal::DecayArray<T2>::type,
+      typename internal::DecayArray<T3>::type> Args;
+  return internal::ElementsAreMatcher<Args>(Args(e1, e2, e3));
 }
 
 template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4>
-inline internal::ElementsAreMatcher4<T1, T2, T3, T4> ElementsAre(const T1& e1,
-    const T2& e2, const T3& e3, const T4& e4) {
-  return internal::ElementsAreMatcher4<T1, T2, T3, T4>(e1, e2, e3, e4);
+inline internal::ElementsAreMatcher<
+    ::testing::tuple<
+        typename internal::DecayArray<T1>::type,
+        typename internal::DecayArray<T2>::type,
+        typename internal::DecayArray<T3>::type,
+        typename internal::DecayArray<T4>::type> >
+ElementsAre(const T1& e1, const T2& e2, const T3& e3, const T4& e4) {
+  typedef ::testing::tuple<
+      typename internal::DecayArray<T1>::type,
+      typename internal::DecayArray<T2>::type,
+      typename internal::DecayArray<T3>::type,
+      typename internal::DecayArray<T4>::type> Args;
+  return internal::ElementsAreMatcher<Args>(Args(e1, e2, e3, e4));
 }
 
 template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5>
-inline internal::ElementsAreMatcher5<T1, T2, T3, T4,
-    T5> ElementsAre(const T1& e1, const T2& e2, const T3& e3, const T4& e4,
+inline internal::ElementsAreMatcher<
+    ::testing::tuple<
+        typename internal::DecayArray<T1>::type,
+        typename internal::DecayArray<T2>::type,
+        typename internal::DecayArray<T3>::type,
+        typename internal::DecayArray<T4>::type,
+        typename internal::DecayArray<T5>::type> >
+ElementsAre(const T1& e1, const T2& e2, const T3& e3, const T4& e4,
     const T5& e5) {
-  return internal::ElementsAreMatcher5<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5>(e1, e2, e3, e4, e5);
+  typedef ::testing::tuple<
+      typename internal::DecayArray<T1>::type,
+      typename internal::DecayArray<T2>::type,
+      typename internal::DecayArray<T3>::type,
+      typename internal::DecayArray<T4>::type,
+      typename internal::DecayArray<T5>::type> Args;
+  return internal::ElementsAreMatcher<Args>(Args(e1, e2, e3, e4, e5));
 }
 
 template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
     typename T6>
-inline internal::ElementsAreMatcher6<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5,
-    T6> ElementsAre(const T1& e1, const T2& e2, const T3& e3, const T4& e4,
+inline internal::ElementsAreMatcher<
+    ::testing::tuple<
+        typename internal::DecayArray<T1>::type,
+        typename internal::DecayArray<T2>::type,
+        typename internal::DecayArray<T3>::type,
+        typename internal::DecayArray<T4>::type,
+        typename internal::DecayArray<T5>::type,
+        typename internal::DecayArray<T6>::type> >
+ElementsAre(const T1& e1, const T2& e2, const T3& e3, const T4& e4,
     const T5& e5, const T6& e6) {
-  return internal::ElementsAreMatcher6<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6>(e1, e2, e3, e4,
-      e5, e6);
+  typedef ::testing::tuple<
+      typename internal::DecayArray<T1>::type,
+      typename internal::DecayArray<T2>::type,
+      typename internal::DecayArray<T3>::type,
+      typename internal::DecayArray<T4>::type,
+      typename internal::DecayArray<T5>::type,
+      typename internal::DecayArray<T6>::type> Args;
+  return internal::ElementsAreMatcher<Args>(Args(e1, e2, e3, e4, e5, e6));
 }
 
 template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
     typename T6, typename T7>
-inline internal::ElementsAreMatcher7<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6,
-    T7> ElementsAre(const T1& e1, const T2& e2, const T3& e3, const T4& e4,
+inline internal::ElementsAreMatcher<
+    ::testing::tuple<
+        typename internal::DecayArray<T1>::type,
+        typename internal::DecayArray<T2>::type,
+        typename internal::DecayArray<T3>::type,
+        typename internal::DecayArray<T4>::type,
+        typename internal::DecayArray<T5>::type,
+        typename internal::DecayArray<T6>::type,
+        typename internal::DecayArray<T7>::type> >
+ElementsAre(const T1& e1, const T2& e2, const T3& e3, const T4& e4,
     const T5& e5, const T6& e6, const T7& e7) {
-  return internal::ElementsAreMatcher7<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7>(e1, e2, e3,
-      e4, e5, e6, e7);
+  typedef ::testing::tuple<
+      typename internal::DecayArray<T1>::type,
+      typename internal::DecayArray<T2>::type,
+      typename internal::DecayArray<T3>::type,
+      typename internal::DecayArray<T4>::type,
+      typename internal::DecayArray<T5>::type,
+      typename internal::DecayArray<T6>::type,
+      typename internal::DecayArray<T7>::type> Args;
+  return internal::ElementsAreMatcher<Args>(Args(e1, e2, e3, e4, e5, e6, e7));
 }
 
 template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
     typename T6, typename T7, typename T8>
-inline internal::ElementsAreMatcher8<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7,
-    T8> ElementsAre(const T1& e1, const T2& e2, const T3& e3, const T4& e4,
+inline internal::ElementsAreMatcher<
+    ::testing::tuple<
+        typename internal::DecayArray<T1>::type,
+        typename internal::DecayArray<T2>::type,
+        typename internal::DecayArray<T3>::type,
+        typename internal::DecayArray<T4>::type,
+        typename internal::DecayArray<T5>::type,
+        typename internal::DecayArray<T6>::type,
+        typename internal::DecayArray<T7>::type,
+        typename internal::DecayArray<T8>::type> >
+ElementsAre(const T1& e1, const T2& e2, const T3& e3, const T4& e4,
     const T5& e5, const T6& e6, const T7& e7, const T8& e8) {
-  return internal::ElementsAreMatcher8<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8>(e1, e2,
-      e3, e4, e5, e6, e7, e8);
+  typedef ::testing::tuple<
+      typename internal::DecayArray<T1>::type,
+      typename internal::DecayArray<T2>::type,
+      typename internal::DecayArray<T3>::type,
+      typename internal::DecayArray<T4>::type,
+      typename internal::DecayArray<T5>::type,
+      typename internal::DecayArray<T6>::type,
+      typename internal::DecayArray<T7>::type,
+      typename internal::DecayArray<T8>::type> Args;
+  return internal::ElementsAreMatcher<Args>(Args(e1, e2, e3, e4, e5, e6, e7,
+      e8));
 }
 
 template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
     typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9>
-inline internal::ElementsAreMatcher9<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8,
-    T9> ElementsAre(const T1& e1, const T2& e2, const T3& e3, const T4& e4,
+inline internal::ElementsAreMatcher<
+    ::testing::tuple<
+        typename internal::DecayArray<T1>::type,
+        typename internal::DecayArray<T2>::type,
+        typename internal::DecayArray<T3>::type,
+        typename internal::DecayArray<T4>::type,
+        typename internal::DecayArray<T5>::type,
+        typename internal::DecayArray<T6>::type,
+        typename internal::DecayArray<T7>::type,
+        typename internal::DecayArray<T8>::type,
+        typename internal::DecayArray<T9>::type> >
+ElementsAre(const T1& e1, const T2& e2, const T3& e3, const T4& e4,
     const T5& e5, const T6& e6, const T7& e7, const T8& e8, const T9& e9) {
-  return internal::ElementsAreMatcher9<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9>(e1,
-      e2, e3, e4, e5, e6, e7, e8, e9);
+  typedef ::testing::tuple<
+      typename internal::DecayArray<T1>::type,
+      typename internal::DecayArray<T2>::type,
+      typename internal::DecayArray<T3>::type,
+      typename internal::DecayArray<T4>::type,
+      typename internal::DecayArray<T5>::type,
+      typename internal::DecayArray<T6>::type,
+      typename internal::DecayArray<T7>::type,
+      typename internal::DecayArray<T8>::type,
+      typename internal::DecayArray<T9>::type> Args;
+  return internal::ElementsAreMatcher<Args>(Args(e1, e2, e3, e4, e5, e6, e7,
+      e8, e9));
 }
 
 template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
     typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10>
-inline internal::ElementsAreMatcher10<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9,
-    T10> ElementsAre(const T1& e1, const T2& e2, const T3& e3, const T4& e4,
+inline internal::ElementsAreMatcher<
+    ::testing::tuple<
+        typename internal::DecayArray<T1>::type,
+        typename internal::DecayArray<T2>::type,
+        typename internal::DecayArray<T3>::type,
+        typename internal::DecayArray<T4>::type,
+        typename internal::DecayArray<T5>::type,
+        typename internal::DecayArray<T6>::type,
+        typename internal::DecayArray<T7>::type,
+        typename internal::DecayArray<T8>::type,
+        typename internal::DecayArray<T9>::type,
+        typename internal::DecayArray<T10>::type> >
+ElementsAre(const T1& e1, const T2& e2, const T3& e3, const T4& e4,
     const T5& e5, const T6& e6, const T7& e7, const T8& e8, const T9& e9,
     const T10& e10) {
-  return internal::ElementsAreMatcher10<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9,
-      T10>(e1, e2, e3, e4, e5, e6, e7, e8, e9, e10);
+  typedef ::testing::tuple<
+      typename internal::DecayArray<T1>::type,
+      typename internal::DecayArray<T2>::type,
+      typename internal::DecayArray<T3>::type,
+      typename internal::DecayArray<T4>::type,
+      typename internal::DecayArray<T5>::type,
+      typename internal::DecayArray<T6>::type,
+      typename internal::DecayArray<T7>::type,
+      typename internal::DecayArray<T8>::type,
+      typename internal::DecayArray<T9>::type,
+      typename internal::DecayArray<T10>::type> Args;
+  return internal::ElementsAreMatcher<Args>(Args(e1, e2, e3, e4, e5, e6, e7,
+      e8, e9, e10));
+}
+
+// UnorderedElementsAre(e_1, e_2, ..., e_n) is an ElementsAre extension
+// that matches n elements in any order.  We support up to n=10 arguments.
+
+inline internal::UnorderedElementsAreMatcher<
+    ::testing::tuple<> >
+UnorderedElementsAre() {
+  typedef ::testing::tuple<> Args;
+  return internal::UnorderedElementsAreMatcher<Args>(Args());
+}
+
+template <typename T1>
+inline internal::UnorderedElementsAreMatcher<
+    ::testing::tuple<
+        typename internal::DecayArray<T1>::type> >
+UnorderedElementsAre(const T1& e1) {
+  typedef ::testing::tuple<
+      typename internal::DecayArray<T1>::type> Args;
+  return internal::UnorderedElementsAreMatcher<Args>(Args(e1));
+}
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2>
+inline internal::UnorderedElementsAreMatcher<
+    ::testing::tuple<
+        typename internal::DecayArray<T1>::type,
+        typename internal::DecayArray<T2>::type> >
+UnorderedElementsAre(const T1& e1, const T2& e2) {
+  typedef ::testing::tuple<
+      typename internal::DecayArray<T1>::type,
+      typename internal::DecayArray<T2>::type> Args;
+  return internal::UnorderedElementsAreMatcher<Args>(Args(e1, e2));
+}
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3>
+inline internal::UnorderedElementsAreMatcher<
+    ::testing::tuple<
+        typename internal::DecayArray<T1>::type,
+        typename internal::DecayArray<T2>::type,
+        typename internal::DecayArray<T3>::type> >
+UnorderedElementsAre(const T1& e1, const T2& e2, const T3& e3) {
+  typedef ::testing::tuple<
+      typename internal::DecayArray<T1>::type,
+      typename internal::DecayArray<T2>::type,
+      typename internal::DecayArray<T3>::type> Args;
+  return internal::UnorderedElementsAreMatcher<Args>(Args(e1, e2, e3));
+}
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4>
+inline internal::UnorderedElementsAreMatcher<
+    ::testing::tuple<
+        typename internal::DecayArray<T1>::type,
+        typename internal::DecayArray<T2>::type,
+        typename internal::DecayArray<T3>::type,
+        typename internal::DecayArray<T4>::type> >
+UnorderedElementsAre(const T1& e1, const T2& e2, const T3& e3, const T4& e4) {
+  typedef ::testing::tuple<
+      typename internal::DecayArray<T1>::type,
+      typename internal::DecayArray<T2>::type,
+      typename internal::DecayArray<T3>::type,
+      typename internal::DecayArray<T4>::type> Args;
+  return internal::UnorderedElementsAreMatcher<Args>(Args(e1, e2, e3, e4));
+}
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5>
+inline internal::UnorderedElementsAreMatcher<
+    ::testing::tuple<
+        typename internal::DecayArray<T1>::type,
+        typename internal::DecayArray<T2>::type,
+        typename internal::DecayArray<T3>::type,
+        typename internal::DecayArray<T4>::type,
+        typename internal::DecayArray<T5>::type> >
+UnorderedElementsAre(const T1& e1, const T2& e2, const T3& e3, const T4& e4,
+    const T5& e5) {
+  typedef ::testing::tuple<
+      typename internal::DecayArray<T1>::type,
+      typename internal::DecayArray<T2>::type,
+      typename internal::DecayArray<T3>::type,
+      typename internal::DecayArray<T4>::type,
+      typename internal::DecayArray<T5>::type> Args;
+  return internal::UnorderedElementsAreMatcher<Args>(Args(e1, e2, e3, e4, e5));
 }
 
-// ElementsAreArray(array) and ElementAreArray(array, count) are like
-// ElementsAre(), except that they take an array of values or
-// matchers.  The former form infers the size of 'array', which must
-// be a static C-style array.  In the latter form, 'array' can either
-// be a static array or a pointer to a dynamically created array.
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6>
+inline internal::UnorderedElementsAreMatcher<
+    ::testing::tuple<
+        typename internal::DecayArray<T1>::type,
+        typename internal::DecayArray<T2>::type,
+        typename internal::DecayArray<T3>::type,
+        typename internal::DecayArray<T4>::type,
+        typename internal::DecayArray<T5>::type,
+        typename internal::DecayArray<T6>::type> >
+UnorderedElementsAre(const T1& e1, const T2& e2, const T3& e3, const T4& e4,
+    const T5& e5, const T6& e6) {
+  typedef ::testing::tuple<
+      typename internal::DecayArray<T1>::type,
+      typename internal::DecayArray<T2>::type,
+      typename internal::DecayArray<T3>::type,
+      typename internal::DecayArray<T4>::type,
+      typename internal::DecayArray<T5>::type,
+      typename internal::DecayArray<T6>::type> Args;
+  return internal::UnorderedElementsAreMatcher<Args>(Args(e1, e2, e3, e4, e5,
+      e6));
+}
 
-template <typename T>
-inline internal::ElementsAreArrayMatcher<T> ElementsAreArray(
-    const T* first, size_t count) {
-  return internal::ElementsAreArrayMatcher<T>(first, count);
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7>
+inline internal::UnorderedElementsAreMatcher<
+    ::testing::tuple<
+        typename internal::DecayArray<T1>::type,
+        typename internal::DecayArray<T2>::type,
+        typename internal::DecayArray<T3>::type,
+        typename internal::DecayArray<T4>::type,
+        typename internal::DecayArray<T5>::type,
+        typename internal::DecayArray<T6>::type,
+        typename internal::DecayArray<T7>::type> >
+UnorderedElementsAre(const T1& e1, const T2& e2, const T3& e3, const T4& e4,
+    const T5& e5, const T6& e6, const T7& e7) {
+  typedef ::testing::tuple<
+      typename internal::DecayArray<T1>::type,
+      typename internal::DecayArray<T2>::type,
+      typename internal::DecayArray<T3>::type,
+      typename internal::DecayArray<T4>::type,
+      typename internal::DecayArray<T5>::type,
+      typename internal::DecayArray<T6>::type,
+      typename internal::DecayArray<T7>::type> Args;
+  return internal::UnorderedElementsAreMatcher<Args>(Args(e1, e2, e3, e4, e5,
+      e6, e7));
 }
 
-template <typename T, size_t N>
-inline internal::ElementsAreArrayMatcher<T>
-ElementsAreArray(const T (&array)[N]) {
-  return internal::ElementsAreArrayMatcher<T>(array, N);
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8>
+inline internal::UnorderedElementsAreMatcher<
+    ::testing::tuple<
+        typename internal::DecayArray<T1>::type,
+        typename internal::DecayArray<T2>::type,
+        typename internal::DecayArray<T3>::type,
+        typename internal::DecayArray<T4>::type,
+        typename internal::DecayArray<T5>::type,
+        typename internal::DecayArray<T6>::type,
+        typename internal::DecayArray<T7>::type,
+        typename internal::DecayArray<T8>::type> >
+UnorderedElementsAre(const T1& e1, const T2& e2, const T3& e3, const T4& e4,
+    const T5& e5, const T6& e6, const T7& e7, const T8& e8) {
+  typedef ::testing::tuple<
+      typename internal::DecayArray<T1>::type,
+      typename internal::DecayArray<T2>::type,
+      typename internal::DecayArray<T3>::type,
+      typename internal::DecayArray<T4>::type,
+      typename internal::DecayArray<T5>::type,
+      typename internal::DecayArray<T6>::type,
+      typename internal::DecayArray<T7>::type,
+      typename internal::DecayArray<T8>::type> Args;
+  return internal::UnorderedElementsAreMatcher<Args>(Args(e1, e2, e3, e4, e5,
+      e6, e7, e8));
+}
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9>
+inline internal::UnorderedElementsAreMatcher<
+    ::testing::tuple<
+        typename internal::DecayArray<T1>::type,
+        typename internal::DecayArray<T2>::type,
+        typename internal::DecayArray<T3>::type,
+        typename internal::DecayArray<T4>::type,
+        typename internal::DecayArray<T5>::type,
+        typename internal::DecayArray<T6>::type,
+        typename internal::DecayArray<T7>::type,
+        typename internal::DecayArray<T8>::type,
+        typename internal::DecayArray<T9>::type> >
+UnorderedElementsAre(const T1& e1, const T2& e2, const T3& e3, const T4& e4,
+    const T5& e5, const T6& e6, const T7& e7, const T8& e8, const T9& e9) {
+  typedef ::testing::tuple<
+      typename internal::DecayArray<T1>::type,
+      typename internal::DecayArray<T2>::type,
+      typename internal::DecayArray<T3>::type,
+      typename internal::DecayArray<T4>::type,
+      typename internal::DecayArray<T5>::type,
+      typename internal::DecayArray<T6>::type,
+      typename internal::DecayArray<T7>::type,
+      typename internal::DecayArray<T8>::type,
+      typename internal::DecayArray<T9>::type> Args;
+  return internal::UnorderedElementsAreMatcher<Args>(Args(e1, e2, e3, e4, e5,
+      e6, e7, e8, e9));
+}
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
+    typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10>
+inline internal::UnorderedElementsAreMatcher<
+    ::testing::tuple<
+        typename internal::DecayArray<T1>::type,
+        typename internal::DecayArray<T2>::type,
+        typename internal::DecayArray<T3>::type,
+        typename internal::DecayArray<T4>::type,
+        typename internal::DecayArray<T5>::type,
+        typename internal::DecayArray<T6>::type,
+        typename internal::DecayArray<T7>::type,
+        typename internal::DecayArray<T8>::type,
+        typename internal::DecayArray<T9>::type,
+        typename internal::DecayArray<T10>::type> >
+UnorderedElementsAre(const T1& e1, const T2& e2, const T3& e3, const T4& e4,
+    const T5& e5, const T6& e6, const T7& e7, const T8& e8, const T9& e9,
+    const T10& e10) {
+  typedef ::testing::tuple<
+      typename internal::DecayArray<T1>::type,
+      typename internal::DecayArray<T2>::type,
+      typename internal::DecayArray<T3>::type,
+      typename internal::DecayArray<T4>::type,
+      typename internal::DecayArray<T5>::type,
+      typename internal::DecayArray<T6>::type,
+      typename internal::DecayArray<T7>::type,
+      typename internal::DecayArray<T8>::type,
+      typename internal::DecayArray<T9>::type,
+      typename internal::DecayArray<T10>::type> Args;
+  return internal::UnorderedElementsAreMatcher<Args>(Args(e1, e2, e3, e4, e5,
+      e6, e7, e8, e9, e10));
 }
 
 // AllOf(m1, m2, ..., mk) matches any value that matches all of the given
 // sub-matchers.  AllOf is called fully qualified to prevent ADL from firing.
 
-template <typename Matcher1, typename Matcher2>
-inline internal::BothOfMatcher<Matcher1, Matcher2>
-AllOf(Matcher1 m1, Matcher2 m2) {
-  return internal::BothOfMatcher<Matcher1, Matcher2>(m1, m2);
-}
-
-template <typename Matcher1, typename Matcher2, typename Matcher3>
-inline internal::BothOfMatcher<Matcher1, internal::BothOfMatcher<Matcher2,
-    Matcher3> >
-AllOf(Matcher1 m1, Matcher2 m2, Matcher3 m3) {
-  return ::testing::AllOf(m1, ::testing::AllOf(m2, m3));
+template <typename M1, typename M2>
+inline typename internal::AllOfResult2<M1, M2>::type
+AllOf(M1 m1, M2 m2) {
+  return typename internal::AllOfResult2<M1, M2>::type(
+      m1,
+      m2);
 }
 
-template <typename Matcher1, typename Matcher2, typename Matcher3,
-    typename Matcher4>
-inline internal::BothOfMatcher<Matcher1, internal::BothOfMatcher<Matcher2,
-    internal::BothOfMatcher<Matcher3, Matcher4> > >
-AllOf(Matcher1 m1, Matcher2 m2, Matcher3 m3, Matcher4 m4) {
-  return ::testing::AllOf(m1, ::testing::AllOf(m2, m3, m4));
+template <typename M1, typename M2, typename M3>
+inline typename internal::AllOfResult3<M1, M2, M3>::type
+AllOf(M1 m1, M2 m2, M3 m3) {
+  return typename internal::AllOfResult3<M1, M2, M3>::type(
+      m1,
+      ::testing::AllOf(m2, m3));
 }
 
-template <typename Matcher1, typename Matcher2, typename Matcher3,
-    typename Matcher4, typename Matcher5>
-inline internal::BothOfMatcher<Matcher1, internal::BothOfMatcher<Matcher2,
-    internal::BothOfMatcher<Matcher3, internal::BothOfMatcher<Matcher4,
-    Matcher5> > > >
-AllOf(Matcher1 m1, Matcher2 m2, Matcher3 m3, Matcher4 m4, Matcher5 m5) {
-  return ::testing::AllOf(m1, ::testing::AllOf(m2, m3, m4, m5));
+template <typename M1, typename M2, typename M3, typename M4>
+inline typename internal::AllOfResult4<M1, M2, M3, M4>::type
+AllOf(M1 m1, M2 m2, M3 m3, M4 m4) {
+  return typename internal::AllOfResult4<M1, M2, M3, M4>::type(
+      ::testing::AllOf(m1, m2),
+      ::testing::AllOf(m3, m4));
 }
 
-template <typename Matcher1, typename Matcher2, typename Matcher3,
-    typename Matcher4, typename Matcher5, typename Matcher6>
-inline internal::BothOfMatcher<Matcher1, internal::BothOfMatcher<Matcher2,
-    internal::BothOfMatcher<Matcher3, internal::BothOfMatcher<Matcher4,
-    internal::BothOfMatcher<Matcher5, Matcher6> > > > >
-AllOf(Matcher1 m1, Matcher2 m2, Matcher3 m3, Matcher4 m4, Matcher5 m5,
-    Matcher6 m6) {
-  return ::testing::AllOf(m1, ::testing::AllOf(m2, m3, m4, m5, m6));
+template <typename M1, typename M2, typename M3, typename M4, typename M5>
+inline typename internal::AllOfResult5<M1, M2, M3, M4, M5>::type
+AllOf(M1 m1, M2 m2, M3 m3, M4 m4, M5 m5) {
+  return typename internal::AllOfResult5<M1, M2, M3, M4, M5>::type(
+      ::testing::AllOf(m1, m2),
+      ::testing::AllOf(m3, m4, m5));
 }
 
-template <typename Matcher1, typename Matcher2, typename Matcher3,
-    typename Matcher4, typename Matcher5, typename Matcher6, typename Matcher7>
-inline internal::BothOfMatcher<Matcher1, internal::BothOfMatcher<Matcher2,
-    internal::BothOfMatcher<Matcher3, internal::BothOfMatcher<Matcher4,
-    internal::BothOfMatcher<Matcher5, internal::BothOfMatcher<Matcher6,
-    Matcher7> > > > > >
-AllOf(Matcher1 m1, Matcher2 m2, Matcher3 m3, Matcher4 m4, Matcher5 m5,
-    Matcher6 m6, Matcher7 m7) {
-  return ::testing::AllOf(m1, ::testing::AllOf(m2, m3, m4, m5, m6, m7));
+template <typename M1, typename M2, typename M3, typename M4, typename M5,
+    typename M6>
+inline typename internal::AllOfResult6<M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, M6>::type
+AllOf(M1 m1, M2 m2, M3 m3, M4 m4, M5 m5, M6 m6) {
+  return typename internal::AllOfResult6<M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, M6>::type(
+      ::testing::AllOf(m1, m2, m3),
+      ::testing::AllOf(m4, m5, m6));
 }
 
-template <typename Matcher1, typename Matcher2, typename Matcher3,
-    typename Matcher4, typename Matcher5, typename Matcher6, typename Matcher7,
-    typename Matcher8>
-inline internal::BothOfMatcher<Matcher1, internal::BothOfMatcher<Matcher2,
-    internal::BothOfMatcher<Matcher3, internal::BothOfMatcher<Matcher4,
-    internal::BothOfMatcher<Matcher5, internal::BothOfMatcher<Matcher6,
-    internal::BothOfMatcher<Matcher7, Matcher8> > > > > > >
-AllOf(Matcher1 m1, Matcher2 m2, Matcher3 m3, Matcher4 m4, Matcher5 m5,
-    Matcher6 m6, Matcher7 m7, Matcher8 m8) {
-  return ::testing::AllOf(m1, ::testing::AllOf(m2, m3, m4, m5, m6, m7, m8));
+template <typename M1, typename M2, typename M3, typename M4, typename M5,
+    typename M6, typename M7>
+inline typename internal::AllOfResult7<M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, M6, M7>::type
+AllOf(M1 m1, M2 m2, M3 m3, M4 m4, M5 m5, M6 m6, M7 m7) {
+  return typename internal::AllOfResult7<M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, M6, M7>::type(
+      ::testing::AllOf(m1, m2, m3),
+      ::testing::AllOf(m4, m5, m6, m7));
 }
 
-template <typename Matcher1, typename Matcher2, typename Matcher3,
-    typename Matcher4, typename Matcher5, typename Matcher6, typename Matcher7,
-    typename Matcher8, typename Matcher9>
-inline internal::BothOfMatcher<Matcher1, internal::BothOfMatcher<Matcher2,
-    internal::BothOfMatcher<Matcher3, internal::BothOfMatcher<Matcher4,
-    internal::BothOfMatcher<Matcher5, internal::BothOfMatcher<Matcher6,
-    internal::BothOfMatcher<Matcher7, internal::BothOfMatcher<Matcher8,
-    Matcher9> > > > > > > >
-AllOf(Matcher1 m1, Matcher2 m2, Matcher3 m3, Matcher4 m4, Matcher5 m5,
-    Matcher6 m6, Matcher7 m7, Matcher8 m8, Matcher9 m9) {
-  return ::testing::AllOf(m1, ::testing::AllOf(m2, m3, m4, m5, m6, m7, m8, m9));
+template <typename M1, typename M2, typename M3, typename M4, typename M5,
+    typename M6, typename M7, typename M8>
+inline typename internal::AllOfResult8<M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, M6, M7, M8>::type
+AllOf(M1 m1, M2 m2, M3 m3, M4 m4, M5 m5, M6 m6, M7 m7, M8 m8) {
+  return typename internal::AllOfResult8<M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, M6, M7, M8>::type(
+      ::testing::AllOf(m1, m2, m3, m4),
+      ::testing::AllOf(m5, m6, m7, m8));
 }
 
-template <typename Matcher1, typename Matcher2, typename Matcher3,
-    typename Matcher4, typename Matcher5, typename Matcher6, typename Matcher7,
-    typename Matcher8, typename Matcher9, typename Matcher10>
-inline internal::BothOfMatcher<Matcher1, internal::BothOfMatcher<Matcher2,
-    internal::BothOfMatcher<Matcher3, internal::BothOfMatcher<Matcher4,
-    internal::BothOfMatcher<Matcher5, internal::BothOfMatcher<Matcher6,
-    internal::BothOfMatcher<Matcher7, internal::BothOfMatcher<Matcher8,
-    internal::BothOfMatcher<Matcher9, Matcher10> > > > > > > > >
-AllOf(Matcher1 m1, Matcher2 m2, Matcher3 m3, Matcher4 m4, Matcher5 m5,
-    Matcher6 m6, Matcher7 m7, Matcher8 m8, Matcher9 m9, Matcher10 m10) {
-  return ::testing::AllOf(m1, ::testing::AllOf(m2, m3, m4, m5, m6, m7, m8, m9,
-      m10));
+template <typename M1, typename M2, typename M3, typename M4, typename M5,
+    typename M6, typename M7, typename M8, typename M9>
+inline typename internal::AllOfResult9<M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, M6, M7, M8, M9>::type
+AllOf(M1 m1, M2 m2, M3 m3, M4 m4, M5 m5, M6 m6, M7 m7, M8 m8, M9 m9) {
+  return typename internal::AllOfResult9<M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, M6, M7, M8,
+      M9>::type(
+      ::testing::AllOf(m1, m2, m3, m4),
+      ::testing::AllOf(m5, m6, m7, m8, m9));
+}
+
+template <typename M1, typename M2, typename M3, typename M4, typename M5,
+    typename M6, typename M7, typename M8, typename M9, typename M10>
+inline typename internal::AllOfResult10<M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, M6, M7, M8, M9,
+    M10>::type
+AllOf(M1 m1, M2 m2, M3 m3, M4 m4, M5 m5, M6 m6, M7 m7, M8 m8, M9 m9, M10 m10) {
+  return typename internal::AllOfResult10<M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, M6, M7, M8, M9,
+      M10>::type(
+      ::testing::AllOf(m1, m2, m3, m4, m5),
+      ::testing::AllOf(m6, m7, m8, m9, m10));
 }
 
 // AnyOf(m1, m2, ..., mk) matches any value that matches any of the given
 // sub-matchers.  AnyOf is called fully qualified to prevent ADL from firing.
 
-template <typename Matcher1, typename Matcher2>
-inline internal::EitherOfMatcher<Matcher1, Matcher2>
-AnyOf(Matcher1 m1, Matcher2 m2) {
-  return internal::EitherOfMatcher<Matcher1, Matcher2>(m1, m2);
-}
-
-template <typename Matcher1, typename Matcher2, typename Matcher3>
-inline internal::EitherOfMatcher<Matcher1, internal::EitherOfMatcher<Matcher2,
-    Matcher3> >
-AnyOf(Matcher1 m1, Matcher2 m2, Matcher3 m3) {
-  return ::testing::AnyOf(m1, ::testing::AnyOf(m2, m3));
+template <typename M1, typename M2>
+inline typename internal::AnyOfResult2<M1, M2>::type
+AnyOf(M1 m1, M2 m2) {
+  return typename internal::AnyOfResult2<M1, M2>::type(
+      m1,
+      m2);
 }
 
-template <typename Matcher1, typename Matcher2, typename Matcher3,
-    typename Matcher4>
-inline internal::EitherOfMatcher<Matcher1, internal::EitherOfMatcher<Matcher2,
-    internal::EitherOfMatcher<Matcher3, Matcher4> > >
-AnyOf(Matcher1 m1, Matcher2 m2, Matcher3 m3, Matcher4 m4) {
-  return ::testing::AnyOf(m1, ::testing::AnyOf(m2, m3, m4));
+template <typename M1, typename M2, typename M3>
+inline typename internal::AnyOfResult3<M1, M2, M3>::type
+AnyOf(M1 m1, M2 m2, M3 m3) {
+  return typename internal::AnyOfResult3<M1, M2, M3>::type(
+      m1,
+      ::testing::AnyOf(m2, m3));
 }
 
-template <typename Matcher1, typename Matcher2, typename Matcher3,
-    typename Matcher4, typename Matcher5>
-inline internal::EitherOfMatcher<Matcher1, internal::EitherOfMatcher<Matcher2,
-    internal::EitherOfMatcher<Matcher3, internal::EitherOfMatcher<Matcher4,
-    Matcher5> > > >
-AnyOf(Matcher1 m1, Matcher2 m2, Matcher3 m3, Matcher4 m4, Matcher5 m5) {
-  return ::testing::AnyOf(m1, ::testing::AnyOf(m2, m3, m4, m5));
+template <typename M1, typename M2, typename M3, typename M4>
+inline typename internal::AnyOfResult4<M1, M2, M3, M4>::type
+AnyOf(M1 m1, M2 m2, M3 m3, M4 m4) {
+  return typename internal::AnyOfResult4<M1, M2, M3, M4>::type(
+      ::testing::AnyOf(m1, m2),
+      ::testing::AnyOf(m3, m4));
 }
 
-template <typename Matcher1, typename Matcher2, typename Matcher3,
-    typename Matcher4, typename Matcher5, typename Matcher6>
-inline internal::EitherOfMatcher<Matcher1, internal::EitherOfMatcher<Matcher2,
-    internal::EitherOfMatcher<Matcher3, internal::EitherOfMatcher<Matcher4,
-    internal::EitherOfMatcher<Matcher5, Matcher6> > > > >
-AnyOf(Matcher1 m1, Matcher2 m2, Matcher3 m3, Matcher4 m4, Matcher5 m5,
-    Matcher6 m6) {
-  return ::testing::AnyOf(m1, ::testing::AnyOf(m2, m3, m4, m5, m6));
+template <typename M1, typename M2, typename M3, typename M4, typename M5>
+inline typename internal::AnyOfResult5<M1, M2, M3, M4, M5>::type
+AnyOf(M1 m1, M2 m2, M3 m3, M4 m4, M5 m5) {
+  return typename internal::AnyOfResult5<M1, M2, M3, M4, M5>::type(
+      ::testing::AnyOf(m1, m2),
+      ::testing::AnyOf(m3, m4, m5));
 }
 
-template <typename Matcher1, typename Matcher2, typename Matcher3,
-    typename Matcher4, typename Matcher5, typename Matcher6, typename Matcher7>
-inline internal::EitherOfMatcher<Matcher1, internal::EitherOfMatcher<Matcher2,
-    internal::EitherOfMatcher<Matcher3, internal::EitherOfMatcher<Matcher4,
-    internal::EitherOfMatcher<Matcher5, internal::EitherOfMatcher<Matcher6,
-    Matcher7> > > > > >
-AnyOf(Matcher1 m1, Matcher2 m2, Matcher3 m3, Matcher4 m4, Matcher5 m5,
-    Matcher6 m6, Matcher7 m7) {
-  return ::testing::AnyOf(m1, ::testing::AnyOf(m2, m3, m4, m5, m6, m7));
+template <typename M1, typename M2, typename M3, typename M4, typename M5,
+    typename M6>
+inline typename internal::AnyOfResult6<M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, M6>::type
+AnyOf(M1 m1, M2 m2, M3 m3, M4 m4, M5 m5, M6 m6) {
+  return typename internal::AnyOfResult6<M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, M6>::type(
+      ::testing::AnyOf(m1, m2, m3),
+      ::testing::AnyOf(m4, m5, m6));
 }
 
-template <typename Matcher1, typename Matcher2, typename Matcher3,
-    typename Matcher4, typename Matcher5, typename Matcher6, typename Matcher7,
-    typename Matcher8>
-inline internal::EitherOfMatcher<Matcher1, internal::EitherOfMatcher<Matcher2,
-    internal::EitherOfMatcher<Matcher3, internal::EitherOfMatcher<Matcher4,
-    internal::EitherOfMatcher<Matcher5, internal::EitherOfMatcher<Matcher6,
-    internal::EitherOfMatcher<Matcher7, Matcher8> > > > > > >
-AnyOf(Matcher1 m1, Matcher2 m2, Matcher3 m3, Matcher4 m4, Matcher5 m5,
-    Matcher6 m6, Matcher7 m7, Matcher8 m8) {
-  return ::testing::AnyOf(m1, ::testing::AnyOf(m2, m3, m4, m5, m6, m7, m8));
+template <typename M1, typename M2, typename M3, typename M4, typename M5,
+    typename M6, typename M7>
+inline typename internal::AnyOfResult7<M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, M6, M7>::type
+AnyOf(M1 m1, M2 m2, M3 m3, M4 m4, M5 m5, M6 m6, M7 m7) {
+  return typename internal::AnyOfResult7<M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, M6, M7>::type(
+      ::testing::AnyOf(m1, m2, m3),
+      ::testing::AnyOf(m4, m5, m6, m7));
 }
 
-template <typename Matcher1, typename Matcher2, typename Matcher3,
-    typename Matcher4, typename Matcher5, typename Matcher6, typename Matcher7,
-    typename Matcher8, typename Matcher9>
-inline internal::EitherOfMatcher<Matcher1, internal::EitherOfMatcher<Matcher2,
-    internal::EitherOfMatcher<Matcher3, internal::EitherOfMatcher<Matcher4,
-    internal::EitherOfMatcher<Matcher5, internal::EitherOfMatcher<Matcher6,
-    internal::EitherOfMatcher<Matcher7, internal::EitherOfMatcher<Matcher8,
-    Matcher9> > > > > > > >
-AnyOf(Matcher1 m1, Matcher2 m2, Matcher3 m3, Matcher4 m4, Matcher5 m5,
-    Matcher6 m6, Matcher7 m7, Matcher8 m8, Matcher9 m9) {
-  return ::testing::AnyOf(m1, ::testing::AnyOf(m2, m3, m4, m5, m6, m7, m8, m9));
+template <typename M1, typename M2, typename M3, typename M4, typename M5,
+    typename M6, typename M7, typename M8>
+inline typename internal::AnyOfResult8<M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, M6, M7, M8>::type
+AnyOf(M1 m1, M2 m2, M3 m3, M4 m4, M5 m5, M6 m6, M7 m7, M8 m8) {
+  return typename internal::AnyOfResult8<M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, M6, M7, M8>::type(
+      ::testing::AnyOf(m1, m2, m3, m4),
+      ::testing::AnyOf(m5, m6, m7, m8));
 }
 
-template <typename Matcher1, typename Matcher2, typename Matcher3,
-    typename Matcher4, typename Matcher5, typename Matcher6, typename Matcher7,
-    typename Matcher8, typename Matcher9, typename Matcher10>
-inline internal::EitherOfMatcher<Matcher1, internal::EitherOfMatcher<Matcher2,
-    internal::EitherOfMatcher<Matcher3, internal::EitherOfMatcher<Matcher4,
-    internal::EitherOfMatcher<Matcher5, internal::EitherOfMatcher<Matcher6,
-    internal::EitherOfMatcher<Matcher7, internal::EitherOfMatcher<Matcher8,
-    internal::EitherOfMatcher<Matcher9, Matcher10> > > > > > > > >
-AnyOf(Matcher1 m1, Matcher2 m2, Matcher3 m3, Matcher4 m4, Matcher5 m5,
-    Matcher6 m6, Matcher7 m7, Matcher8 m8, Matcher9 m9, Matcher10 m10) {
-  return ::testing::AnyOf(m1, ::testing::AnyOf(m2, m3, m4, m5, m6, m7, m8, m9,
-      m10));
+template <typename M1, typename M2, typename M3, typename M4, typename M5,
+    typename M6, typename M7, typename M8, typename M9>
+inline typename internal::AnyOfResult9<M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, M6, M7, M8, M9>::type
+AnyOf(M1 m1, M2 m2, M3 m3, M4 m4, M5 m5, M6 m6, M7 m7, M8 m8, M9 m9) {
+  return typename internal::AnyOfResult9<M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, M6, M7, M8,
+      M9>::type(
+      ::testing::AnyOf(m1, m2, m3, m4),
+      ::testing::AnyOf(m5, m6, m7, m8, m9));
+}
+
+template <typename M1, typename M2, typename M3, typename M4, typename M5,
+    typename M6, typename M7, typename M8, typename M9, typename M10>
+inline typename internal::AnyOfResult10<M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, M6, M7, M8, M9,
+    M10>::type
+AnyOf(M1 m1, M2 m2, M3 m3, M4 m4, M5 m5, M6 m6, M7 m7, M8 m8, M9 m9, M10 m10) {
+  return typename internal::AnyOfResult10<M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, M6, M7, M8, M9,
+      M10>::type(
+      ::testing::AnyOf(m1, m2, m3, m4, m5),
+      ::testing::AnyOf(m6, m7, m8, m9, m10));
 }
 
 }  // namespace testing
 
 
 // The MATCHER* family of macros can be used in a namespace scope to
 // define custom matchers easily.
 //
@@ -1270,19 +1395,19 @@ AnyOf(Matcher1 m1, Matcher2 m2, Matcher3
         *gmock_os << FormatDescription(true);\
       }\
      private:\
       ::testing::internal::string FormatDescription(bool negation) const {\
         const ::testing::internal::string gmock_description = (description);\
         if (!gmock_description.empty())\
           return gmock_description;\
         return ::testing::internal::FormatMatcherDescription(\
-            negation, #name,\
+            negation, #name, \
             ::testing::internal::UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStrings(\
-                ::std::tr1::tuple<>()));\
+                ::testing::tuple<>()));\
       }\
       GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(gmock_Impl);\
     };\
     template <typename arg_type>\
     operator ::testing::Matcher<arg_type>() const {\
       return ::testing::Matcher<arg_type>(\
           new gmock_Impl<arg_type>());\
     }\
@@ -1291,17 +1416,17 @@ AnyOf(Matcher1 m1, Matcher2 m2, Matcher3
    private:\
     GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(name##Matcher);\
   };\
   inline name##Matcher name() {\
     return name##Matcher();\
   }\
   template <typename arg_type>\
   bool name##Matcher::gmock_Impl<arg_type>::MatchAndExplain(\
-      arg_type arg,\
+      arg_type arg, \
       ::testing::MatchResultListener* result_listener GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_)\
           const
 
 #define MATCHER_P(name, p0, description)\
   template <typename p0##_type>\
   class name##MatcherP {\
    public:\
     template <typename arg_type>\
@@ -1319,41 +1444,41 @@ AnyOf(Matcher1 m1, Matcher2 m2, Matcher3
       }\
       p0##_type p0;\
      private:\
       ::testing::internal::string FormatDescription(bool negation) const {\
         const ::testing::internal::string gmock_description = (description);\
         if (!gmock_description.empty())\
           return gmock_description;\
         return ::testing::internal::FormatMatcherDescription(\
-            negation, #name,\
+            negation, #name, \
             ::testing::internal::UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStrings(\
-                ::std::tr1::tuple<p0##_type>(p0)));\
+                ::testing::tuple<p0##_type>(p0)));\
       }\
       GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(gmock_Impl);\
     };\
     template <typename arg_type>\
     operator ::testing::Matcher<arg_type>() const {\
       return ::testing::Matcher<arg_type>(\
           new gmock_Impl<arg_type>(p0));\
     }\
-    name##MatcherP(p0##_type gmock_p0) : p0(gmock_p0) {\
+    explicit name##MatcherP(p0##_type gmock_p0) : p0(gmock_p0) {\
     }\
     p0##_type p0;\
    private:\
     GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(name##MatcherP);\
   };\
   template <typename p0##_type>\
   inline name##MatcherP<p0##_type> name(p0##_type p0) {\
     return name##MatcherP<p0##_type>(p0);\
   }\
   template <typename p0##_type>\
   template <typename arg_type>\
   bool name##MatcherP<p0##_type>::gmock_Impl<arg_type>::MatchAndExplain(\
-      arg_type arg,\
+      arg_type arg, \
       ::testing::MatchResultListener* result_listener GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_)\
           const
 
 #define MATCHER_P2(name, p0, p1, description)\
   template <typename p0##_type, typename p1##_type>\
   class name##MatcherP2 {\
    public:\
     template <typename arg_type>\
@@ -1372,19 +1497,19 @@ AnyOf(Matcher1 m1, Matcher2 m2, Matcher3
       p0##_type p0;\
       p1##_type p1;\
      private:\
       ::testing::internal::string FormatDescription(bool negation) const {\
         const ::testing::internal::string gmock_description = (description);\
         if (!gmock_description.empty())\
           return gmock_description;\
         return ::testing::internal::FormatMatcherDescription(\
-            negation, #name,\
+            negation, #name, \
             ::testing::internal::UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStrings(\
-                ::std::tr1::tuple<p0##_type, p1##_type>(p0, p1)));\
+                ::testing::tuple<p0##_type, p1##_type>(p0, p1)));\
       }\
       GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(gmock_Impl);\
     };\
     template <typename arg_type>\
     operator ::testing::Matcher<arg_type>() const {\
       return ::testing::Matcher<arg_type>(\
           new gmock_Impl<arg_type>(p0, p1));\
     }\
@@ -1400,17 +1525,17 @@ AnyOf(Matcher1 m1, Matcher2 m2, Matcher3
   inline name##MatcherP2<p0##_type, p1##_type> name(p0##_type p0, \
       p1##_type p1) {\
     return name##MatcherP2<p0##_type, p1##_type>(p0, p1);\
   }\
   template <typename p0##_type, typename p1##_type>\
   template <typename arg_type>\
   bool name##MatcherP2<p0##_type, \
       p1##_type>::gmock_Impl<arg_type>::MatchAndExplain(\
-      arg_type arg,\
+      arg_type arg, \
       ::testing::MatchResultListener* result_listener GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_)\
           const
 
 #define MATCHER_P3(name, p0, p1, p2, description)\
   template <typename p0##_type, typename p1##_type, typename p2##_type>\
   class name##MatcherP3 {\
    public:\
     template <typename arg_type>\
@@ -1430,19 +1555,19 @@ AnyOf(Matcher1 m1, Matcher2 m2, Matcher3
       p1##_type p1;\
       p2##_type p2;\
      private:\
       ::testing::internal::string FormatDescription(bool negation) const {\
         const ::testing::internal::string gmock_description = (description);\
         if (!gmock_description.empty())\
           return gmock_description;\
         return ::testing::internal::FormatMatcherDescription(\
-            negation, #name,\
+            negation, #name, \
             ::testing::internal::UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStrings(\
-                ::std::tr1::tuple<p0##_type, p1##_type, p2##_type>(p0, p1, \
+                ::testing::tuple<p0##_type, p1##_type, p2##_type>(p0, p1, \
                     p2)));\
       }\
       GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(gmock_Impl);\
     };\
     template <typename arg_type>\
     operator ::testing::Matcher<arg_type>() const {\
       return ::testing::Matcher<arg_type>(\
           new gmock_Impl<arg_type>(p0, p1, p2));\
@@ -1460,17 +1585,17 @@ AnyOf(Matcher1 m1, Matcher2 m2, Matcher3
   inline name##MatcherP3<p0##_type, p1##_type, p2##_type> name(p0##_type p0, \
       p1##_type p1, p2##_type p2) {\
     return name##MatcherP3<p0##_type, p1##_type, p2##_type>(p0, p1, p2);\
   }\
   template <typename p0##_type, typename p1##_type, typename p2##_type>\
   template <typename arg_type>\
   bool name##MatcherP3<p0##_type, p1##_type, \
       p2##_type>::gmock_Impl<arg_type>::MatchAndExplain(\
-      arg_type arg,\
+      arg_type arg, \
       ::testing::MatchResultListener* result_listener GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_)\
           const
 
 #define MATCHER_P4(name, p0, p1, p2, p3, description)\
   template <typename p0##_type, typename p1##_type, typename p2##_type, \
       typename p3##_type>\
   class name##MatcherP4 {\
    public:\
@@ -1493,19 +1618,19 @@ AnyOf(Matcher1 m1, Matcher2 m2, Matcher3
       p2##_type p2;\
       p3##_type p3;\
      private:\
       ::testing::internal::string FormatDescription(bool negation) const {\
         const ::testing::internal::string gmock_description = (description);\
         if (!gmock_description.empty())\
           return gmock_description;\
         return ::testing::internal::FormatMatcherDescription(\
-            negation, #name,\
+            negation, #name, \
             ::testing::internal::UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStrings(\
-                ::std::tr1::tuple<p0##_type, p1##_type, p2##_type, \
+                ::testing::tuple<p0##_type, p1##_type, p2##_type, \
                     p3##_type>(p0, p1, p2, p3)));\
       }\
       GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(gmock_Impl);\
     };\
     template <typename arg_type>\
     operator ::testing::Matcher<arg_type>() const {\
       return ::testing::Matcher<arg_type>(\
           new gmock_Impl<arg_type>(p0, p1, p2, p3));\
@@ -1529,17 +1654,17 @@ AnyOf(Matcher1 m1, Matcher2 m2, Matcher3
     return name##MatcherP4<p0##_type, p1##_type, p2##_type, p3##_type>(p0, \
         p1, p2, p3);\
   }\
   template <typename p0##_type, typename p1##_type, typename p2##_type, \
       typename p3##_type>\
   template <typename arg_type>\
   bool name##MatcherP4<p0##_type, p1##_type, p2##_type, \
       p3##_type>::gmock_Impl<arg_type>::MatchAndExplain(\
-      arg_type arg,\
+      arg_type arg, \
       ::testing::MatchResultListener* result_listener GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_)\
           const
 
 #define MATCHER_P5(name, p0, p1, p2, p3, p4, description)\
   template <typename p0##_type, typename p1##_type, typename p2##_type, \
       typename p3##_type, typename p4##_type>\
   class name##MatcherP5 {\
    public:\
@@ -1564,19 +1689,19 @@ AnyOf(Matcher1 m1, Matcher2 m2, Matcher3
       p3##_type p3;\
       p4##_type p4;\
      private:\
       ::testing::internal::string FormatDescription(bool negation) const {\
         const ::testing::internal::string gmock_description = (description);\
         if (!gmock_description.empty())\
           return gmock_description;\
         return ::testing::internal::FormatMatcherDescription(\
-            negation, #name,\
+            negation, #name, \
             ::testing::internal::UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStrings(\
-                ::std::tr1::tuple<p0##_type, p1##_type, p2##_type, p3##_type, \
+                ::testing::tuple<p0##_type, p1##_type, p2##_type, p3##_type, \
                     p4##_type>(p0, p1, p2, p3, p4)));\
       }\
       GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(gmock_Impl);\
     };\
     template <typename arg_type>\
     operator ::testing::Matcher<arg_type>() const {\
       return ::testing::Matcher<arg_type>(\
           new gmock_Impl<arg_type>(p0, p1, p2, p3, p4));\
@@ -1602,17 +1727,17 @@ AnyOf(Matcher1 m1, Matcher2 m2, Matcher3
     return name##MatcherP5<p0##_type, p1##_type, p2##_type, p3##_type, \
         p4##_type>(p0, p1, p2, p3, p4);\
   }\
   template <typename p0##_type, typename p1##_type, typename p2##_type, \
       typename p3##_type, typename p4##_type>\
   template <typename arg_type>\
   bool name##MatcherP5<p0##_type, p1##_type, p2##_type, p3##_type, \
       p4##_type>::gmock_Impl<arg_type>::MatchAndExplain(\
-      arg_type arg,\
+      arg_type arg, \
       ::testing::MatchResultListener* result_listener GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_)\
           const
 
 #define MATCHER_P6(name, p0, p1, p2, p3, p4, p5, description)\
   template <typename p0##_type, typename p1##_type, typename p2##_type, \
       typename p3##_type, typename p4##_type, typename p5##_type>\
   class name##MatcherP6 {\
    public:\
@@ -1638,19 +1763,19 @@ AnyOf(Matcher1 m1, Matcher2 m2, Matcher3
       p4##_type p4;\
       p5##_type p5;\
      private:\
       ::testing::internal::string FormatDescription(bool negation) const {\
         const ::testing::internal::string gmock_description = (description);\
         if (!gmock_description.empty())\
           return gmock_description;\
         return ::testing::internal::FormatMatcherDescription(\
-            negation, #name,\
+            negation, #name, \
             ::testing::internal::UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStrings(\
-                ::std::tr1::tuple<p0##_type, p1##_type, p2##_type, p3##_type, \
+                ::testing::tuple<p0##_type, p1##_type, p2##_type, p3##_type, \
                     p4##_type, p5##_type>(p0, p1, p2, p3, p4, p5)));\
       }\
       GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(gmock_Impl);\
     };\
     template <typename arg_type>\
     operator ::testing::Matcher<arg_type>() const {\
       return ::testing::Matcher<arg_type>(\
           new gmock_Impl<arg_type>(p0, p1, p2, p3, p4, p5));\
@@ -1677,17 +1802,17 @@ AnyOf(Matcher1 m1, Matcher2 m2, Matcher3
     return name##MatcherP6<p0##_type, p1##_type, p2##_type, p3##_type, \
         p4##_type, p5##_type>(p0, p1, p2, p3, p4, p5);\
   }\
   template <typename p0##_type, typename p1##_type, typename p2##_type, \
       typename p3##_type, typename p4##_type, typename p5##_type>\
   template <typename arg_type>\
   bool name##MatcherP6<p0##_type, p1##_type, p2##_type, p3##_type, p4##_type, \
       p5##_type>::gmock_Impl<arg_type>::MatchAndExplain(\
-      arg_type arg,\
+      arg_type arg, \
       ::testing::MatchResultListener* result_listener GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_)\
           const
 
 #define MATCHER_P7(name, p0, p1, p2, p3, p4, p5, p6, description)\
   template <typename p0##_type, typename p1##_type, typename p2##_type, \
       typename p3##_type, typename p4##_type, typename p5##_type, \
       typename p6##_type>\
   class name##MatcherP7 {\
@@ -1716,19 +1841,19 @@ AnyOf(Matcher1 m1, Matcher2 m2, Matcher3
       p5##_type p5;\
       p6##_type p6;\
      private:\
       ::testing::internal::string FormatDescription(bool negation) const {\
         const ::testing::internal::string gmock_description = (description);\
         if (!gmock_description.empty())\
           return gmock_description;\
         return ::testing::internal::FormatMatcherDescription(\
-            negation, #name,\
+            negation, #name, \
             ::testing::internal::UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStrings(\
-                ::std::tr1::tuple<p0##_type, p1##_type, p2##_type, p3##_type, \
+                ::testing::tuple<p0##_type, p1##_type, p2##_type, p3##_type, \
                     p4##_type, p5##_type, p6##_type>(p0, p1, p2, p3, p4, p5, \
                     p6)));\
       }\
       GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(gmock_Impl);\
     };\
     template <typename arg_type>\
     operator ::testing::Matcher<arg_type>() const {\
       return ::testing::Matcher<arg_type>(\
@@ -1761,17 +1886,17 @@ AnyOf(Matcher1 m1, Matcher2 m2, Matcher3
         p4##_type, p5##_type, p6##_type>(p0, p1, p2, p3, p4, p5, p6);\
   }\
   template <typename p0##_type, typename p1##_type, typename p2##_type, \
       typename p3##_type, typename p4##_type, typename p5##_type, \
       typename p6##_type>\
   template <typename arg_type>\
   bool name##MatcherP7<p0##_type, p1##_type, p2##_type, p3##_type, p4##_type, \
       p5##_type, p6##_type>::gmock_Impl<arg_type>::MatchAndExplain(\
-      arg_type arg,\
+      arg_type arg, \
       ::testing::MatchResultListener* result_listener GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_)\
           const
 
 #define MATCHER_P8(name, p0, p1, p2, p3, p4, p5, p6, p7, description)\
   template <typename p0##_type, typename p1##_type, typename p2##_type, \
       typename p3##_type, typename p4##_type, typename p5##_type, \
       typename p6##_type, typename p7##_type>\
   class name##MatcherP8 {\
@@ -1801,19 +1926,19 @@ AnyOf(Matcher1 m1, Matcher2 m2, Matcher3
       p6##_type p6;\
       p7##_type p7;\
      private:\
       ::testing::internal::string FormatDescription(bool negation) const {\
         const ::testing::internal::string gmock_description = (description);\
         if (!gmock_description.empty())\
           return gmock_description;\
         return ::testing::internal::FormatMatcherDescription(\
-            negation, #name,\
+            negation, #name, \
             ::testing::internal::UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStrings(\
-                ::std::tr1::tuple<p0##_type, p1##_type, p2##_type, p3##_type, \
+                ::testing::tuple<p0##_type, p1##_type, p2##_type, p3##_type, \
                     p4##_type, p5##_type, p6##_type, p7##_type>(p0, p1, p2, \
                     p3, p4, p5, p6, p7)));\
       }\
       GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(gmock_Impl);\
     };\
     template <typename arg_type>\
     operator ::testing::Matcher<arg_type>() const {\
       return ::testing::Matcher<arg_type>(\
@@ -1850,17 +1975,17 @@ AnyOf(Matcher1 m1, Matcher2 m2, Matcher3
   }\
   template <typename p0##_type, typename p1##_type, typename p2##_type, \
       typename p3##_type, typename p4##_type, typename p5##_type, \
       typename p6##_type, typename p7##_type>\
   template <typename arg_type>\
   bool name##MatcherP8<p0##_type, p1##_type, p2##_type, p3##_type, p4##_type, \
       p5##_type, p6##_type, \
       p7##_type>::gmock_Impl<arg_type>::MatchAndExplain(\
-      arg_type arg,\
+      arg_type arg, \
       ::testing::MatchResultListener* result_listener GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_)\
           const
 
 #define MATCHER_P9(name, p0, p1, p2, p3, p4, p5, p6, p7, p8, description)\
   template <typename p0##_type, typename p1##_type, typename p2##_type, \
       typename p3##_type, typename p4##_type, typename p5##_type, \
       typename p6##_type, typename p7##_type, typename p8##_type>\
   class name##MatcherP9 {\
@@ -1892,19 +2017,19 @@ AnyOf(Matcher1 m1, Matcher2 m2, Matcher3
       p7##_type p7;\
       p8##_type p8;\
      private:\
       ::testing::internal::string FormatDescription(bool negation) const {\
         const ::testing::internal::string gmock_description = (description);\
         if (!gmock_description.empty())\
           return gmock_description;\
         return ::testing::internal::FormatMatcherDescription(\
-            negation, #name,\
+            negation, #name, \
             ::testing::internal::UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStrings(\
-                ::std::tr1::tuple<p0##_type, p1##_type, p2##_type, p3##_type, \
+                ::testing::tuple<p0##_type, p1##_type, p2##_type, p3##_type, \
                     p4##_type, p5##_type, p6##_type, p7##_type, \
                     p8##_type>(p0, p1, p2, p3, p4, p5, p6, p7, p8)));\
       }\
       GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(gmock_Impl);\
     };\
     template <typename arg_type>\
     operator ::testing::Matcher<arg_type>() const {\
       return ::testing::Matcher<arg_type>(\
@@ -1943,17 +2068,17 @@ AnyOf(Matcher1 m1, Matcher2 m2, Matcher3
   }\
   template <typename p0##_type, typename p1##_type, typename p2##_type, \
       typename p3##_type, typename p4##_type, typename p5##_type, \
       typename p6##_type, typename p7##_type, typename p8##_type>\
   template <typename arg_type>\
   bool name##MatcherP9<p0##_type, p1##_type, p2##_type, p3##_type, p4##_type, \
       p5##_type, p6##_type, p7##_type, \
       p8##_type>::gmock_Impl<arg_type>::MatchAndExplain(\
-      arg_type arg,\
+      arg_type arg, \
       ::testing::MatchResultListener* result_listener GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_)\
           const
 
 #define MATCHER_P10(name, p0, p1, p2, p3, p4, p5, p6, p7, p8, p9, description)\
   template <typename p0##_type, typename p1##_type, typename p2##_type, \
       typename p3##_type, typename p4##_type, typename p5##_type, \
       typename p6##_type, typename p7##_type, typename p8##_type, \
       typename p9##_type>\
@@ -1988,19 +2113,19 @@ AnyOf(Matcher1 m1, Matcher2 m2, Matcher3
       p8##_type p8;\
       p9##_type p9;\
      private:\
       ::testing::internal::string FormatDescription(bool negation) const {\
         const ::testing::internal::string gmock_description = (description);\
         if (!gmock_description.empty())\
           return gmock_description;\
         return ::testing::internal::FormatMatcherDescription(\
-            negation, #name,\
+            negation, #name, \
             ::testing::internal::UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStrings(\
-                ::std::tr1::tuple<p0##_type, p1##_type, p2##_type, p3##_type, \
+                ::testing::tuple<p0##_type, p1##_type, p2##_type, p3##_type, \
                     p4##_type, p5##_type, p6##_type, p7##_type, p8##_type, \
                     p9##_type>(p0, p1, p2, p3, p4, p5, p6, p7, p8, p9)));\
       }\
       GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(gmock_Impl);\
     };\
     template <typename arg_type>\
     operator ::testing::Matcher<arg_type>() const {\
       return ::testing::Matcher<arg_type>(\
@@ -2042,13 +2167,13 @@ AnyOf(Matcher1 m1, Matcher2 m2, Matcher3
   template <typename p0##_type, typename p1##_type, typename p2##_type, \
       typename p3##_type, typename p4##_type, typename p5##_type, \
       typename p6##_type, typename p7##_type, typename p8##_type, \
       typename p9##_type>\
   template <typename arg_type>\
   bool name##MatcherP10<p0##_type, p1##_type, p2##_type, p3##_type, \
       p4##_type, p5##_type, p6##_type, p7##_type, p8##_type, \
       p9##_type>::gmock_Impl<arg_type>::MatchAndExplain(\
-      arg_type arg,\
+      arg_type arg, \
       ::testing::MatchResultListener* result_listener GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_)\
           const
 
 #endif  // GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_GMOCK_GENERATED_MATCHERS_H_
--- a/testing/gtest/gmock/include/gmock/gmock-generated-matchers.h.pump
+++ b/testing/gtest/gmock/include/gmock/gmock-generated-matchers.h.pump
@@ -35,29 +35,30 @@
 
 // Google Mock - a framework for writing C++ mock classes.
 //
 // This file implements some commonly used variadic matchers.
 
 #ifndef GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_GMOCK_GENERATED_MATCHERS_H_
 #define GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_GMOCK_GENERATED_MATCHERS_H_
 
+#include <iterator>
 #include <sstream>
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
 #include "gmock/gmock-matchers.h"
 
 namespace testing {
 namespace internal {
 
 $range i 0..n-1
 
 // The type of the i-th (0-based) field of Tuple.
 #define GMOCK_FIELD_TYPE_(Tuple, i) \
-    typename ::std::tr1::tuple_element<i, Tuple>::type
+    typename ::testing::tuple_element<i, Tuple>::type
 
 // TupleFields<Tuple, k0, ..., kn> is for selecting fields from a
 // tuple of type Tuple.  It has two members:
 //
 //   type: a tuple type whose i-th field is the ki-th field of Tuple.
 //   GetSelectedFields(t): returns fields k0, ..., and kn of t as a tuple.
 //
 // For example, in class TupleFields<tuple<bool, char, int>, 2, 0>, we have:
@@ -67,36 +68,34 @@ namespace internal {
 
 template <class Tuple$for i [[, int k$i = -1]]>
 class TupleFields;
 
 // This generic version is used when there are $n selectors.
 template <class Tuple$for i [[, int k$i]]>
 class TupleFields {
  public:
-  typedef ::std::tr1::tuple<$for i, [[GMOCK_FIELD_TYPE_(Tuple, k$i)]]> type;
+  typedef ::testing::tuple<$for i, [[GMOCK_FIELD_TYPE_(Tuple, k$i)]]> type;
   static type GetSelectedFields(const Tuple& t) {
-    using ::std::tr1::get;
     return type($for i, [[get<k$i>(t)]]);
   }
 };
 
 // The following specialization is used for 0 ~ $(n-1) selectors.
 
 $for i [[
 $$ }}}
 $range j 0..i-1
 $range k 0..n-1
 
 template <class Tuple$for j [[, int k$j]]>
 class TupleFields<Tuple, $for k, [[$if k < i [[k$k]] $else [[-1]]]]> {
  public:
-  typedef ::std::tr1::tuple<$for j, [[GMOCK_FIELD_TYPE_(Tuple, k$j)]]> type;
+  typedef ::testing::tuple<$for j, [[GMOCK_FIELD_TYPE_(Tuple, k$j)]]> type;
   static type GetSelectedFields(const Tuple& $if i==0 [[/* t */]] $else [[t]]) {
-    using ::std::tr1::get;
     return type($for j, [[get<k$j>(t)]]);
   }
 };
 
 ]]
 
 #undef GMOCK_FIELD_TYPE_
 
@@ -181,72 +180,76 @@ class ArgsMatcher {
   }
 
  private:
   const InnerMatcher inner_matcher_;
 
   GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(ArgsMatcher);
 };
 
-// Implements ElementsAre() of 1-$n arguments.
+// A set of metafunctions for computing the result type of AllOf.
+// AllOf(m1, ..., mN) returns
+// AllOfResultN<decltype(m1), ..., decltype(mN)>::type.
 
+// Although AllOf isn't defined for one argument, AllOfResult1 is defined
+// to simplify the implementation.
+template <typename M1>
+struct AllOfResult1 {
+  typedef M1 type;
+};
 
 $range i 1..n
+
+$range i 2..n
 $for i [[
-$range j 1..i
-template <$for j, [[typename T$j]]>
-class ElementsAreMatcher$i {
- public:
-  $if i==1 [[explicit ]]ElementsAreMatcher$i($for j, [[const T$j& e$j]])$if i > 0 [[ : ]]
-      $for j, [[e$j[[]]_(e$j)]] {}
-
-  template <typename Container>
-  operator Matcher<Container>() const {
-    typedef GTEST_REMOVE_REFERENCE_AND_CONST_(Container) RawContainer;
-    typedef typename internal::StlContainerView<RawContainer>::type::value_type
-        Element;
-
-$if i==1 [[
+$range j 2..i
+$var m = i/2
+$range k 1..m
+$range t m+1..i
 
-    // Nokia's Symbian Compiler has a nasty bug where the object put
-    // in a one-element local array is not destructed when the array
-    // goes out of scope.  This leads to obvious badness as we've
-    // added the linked_ptr in it to our other linked_ptrs list.
-    // Hence we implement ElementsAreMatcher1 specially to avoid using
-    // a local array.
-    const Matcher<const Element&> matcher =
-        MatcherCast<const Element&>(e1_);
-    return MakeMatcher(new ElementsAreMatcherImpl<Container>(&matcher, 1));
-]] $else [[
-
-    const Matcher<const Element&> matchers[] = {
-
-$for j [[
-      MatcherCast<const Element&>(e$j[[]]_),
-
-]]
-    };
-
-    return MakeMatcher(new ElementsAreMatcherImpl<Container>(matchers, $i));
-]]
-
-  }
-
- private:
-
-$for j [[
-  const T$j& e$j[[]]_;
+template <typename M1$for j [[, typename M$j]]>
+struct AllOfResult$i {
+  typedef BothOfMatcher<
+      typename AllOfResult$m<$for k, [[M$k]]>::type,
+      typename AllOfResult$(i-m)<$for t, [[M$t]]>::type
+  > type;
+};
 
 ]]
 
-  GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(ElementsAreMatcher$i);
+// A set of metafunctions for computing the result type of AnyOf.
+// AnyOf(m1, ..., mN) returns
+// AnyOfResultN<decltype(m1), ..., decltype(mN)>::type.
+
+// Although AnyOf isn't defined for one argument, AnyOfResult1 is defined
+// to simplify the implementation.
+template <typename M1>
+struct AnyOfResult1 {
+  typedef M1 type;
 };
 
+$range i 1..n
+
+$range i 2..n
+$for i [[
+$range j 2..i
+$var m = i/2
+$range k 1..m
+$range t m+1..i
+
+template <typename M1$for j [[, typename M$j]]>
+struct AnyOfResult$i {
+  typedef EitherOfMatcher<
+      typename AnyOfResult$m<$for k, [[M$k]]>::type,
+      typename AnyOfResult$(i-m)<$for t, [[M$t]]>::type
+  > type;
+};
 
 ]]
+
 }  // namespace internal
 
 // Args<N1, N2, ..., Nk>(a_matcher) matches a tuple if the selected
 // fields of it matches a_matcher.  C++ doesn't support default
 // arguments for function templates, so we have to overload it.
 
 $range i 0..n
 $for i [[
@@ -254,101 +257,119 @@ class ElementsAreMatcher$i {
 template <$for j [[int k$j, ]]typename InnerMatcher>
 inline internal::ArgsMatcher<InnerMatcher$for j [[, k$j]]>
 Args(const InnerMatcher& matcher) {
   return internal::ArgsMatcher<InnerMatcher$for j [[, k$j]]>(matcher);
 }
 
 
 ]]
-// ElementsAre(e0, e1, ..., e_n) matches an STL-style container with
-// (n + 1) elements, where the i-th element in the container must
+// ElementsAre(e_1, e_2, ... e_n) matches an STL-style container with
+// n elements, where the i-th element in the container must
 // match the i-th argument in the list.  Each argument of
 // ElementsAre() can be either a value or a matcher.  We support up to
 // $n arguments.
 //
+// The use of DecayArray in the implementation allows ElementsAre()
+// to accept string literals, whose type is const char[N], but we
+// want to treat them as const char*.
+//
 // NOTE: Since ElementsAre() cares about the order of the elements, it
 // must not be used with containers whose elements's order is
 // undefined (e.g. hash_map).
 
-inline internal::ElementsAreMatcher0 ElementsAre() {
-  return internal::ElementsAreMatcher0();
-}
+$range i 0..n
+$for i [[
 
-$range i 1..n
-$for i [[
 $range j 1..i
 
+$if i>0 [[
+
 template <$for j, [[typename T$j]]>
-inline internal::ElementsAreMatcher$i<$for j, [[T$j]]> ElementsAre($for j, [[const T$j& e$j]]) {
-  return internal::ElementsAreMatcher$i<$for j, [[T$j]]>($for j, [[e$j]]);
+]]
+
+inline internal::ElementsAreMatcher<
+    ::testing::tuple<
+$for j, [[
+
+        typename internal::DecayArray<T$j[[]]>::type]]> >
+ElementsAre($for j, [[const T$j& e$j]]) {
+  typedef ::testing::tuple<
+$for j, [[
+
+      typename internal::DecayArray<T$j[[]]>::type]]> Args;
+  return internal::ElementsAreMatcher<Args>(Args($for j, [[e$j]]));
 }
 
 ]]
 
-// ElementsAreArray(array) and ElementAreArray(array, count) are like
-// ElementsAre(), except that they take an array of values or
-// matchers.  The former form infers the size of 'array', which must
-// be a static C-style array.  In the latter form, 'array' can either
-// be a static array or a pointer to a dynamically created array.
+// UnorderedElementsAre(e_1, e_2, ..., e_n) is an ElementsAre extension
+// that matches n elements in any order.  We support up to n=$n arguments.
+
+$range i 0..n
+$for i [[
+
+$range j 1..i
+
+$if i>0 [[
 
-template <typename T>
-inline internal::ElementsAreArrayMatcher<T> ElementsAreArray(
-    const T* first, size_t count) {
-  return internal::ElementsAreArrayMatcher<T>(first, count);
+template <$for j, [[typename T$j]]>
+]]
+
+inline internal::UnorderedElementsAreMatcher<
+    ::testing::tuple<
+$for j, [[
+
+        typename internal::DecayArray<T$j[[]]>::type]]> >
+UnorderedElementsAre($for j, [[const T$j& e$j]]) {
+  typedef ::testing::tuple<
+$for j, [[
+
+      typename internal::DecayArray<T$j[[]]>::type]]> Args;
+  return internal::UnorderedElementsAreMatcher<Args>(Args($for j, [[e$j]]));
 }
 
-template <typename T, size_t N>
-inline internal::ElementsAreArrayMatcher<T>
-ElementsAreArray(const T (&array)[N]) {
-  return internal::ElementsAreArrayMatcher<T>(array, N);
-}
+]]
 
 // AllOf(m1, m2, ..., mk) matches any value that matches all of the given
 // sub-matchers.  AllOf is called fully qualified to prevent ADL from firing.
 
 $range i 2..n
 $for i [[
 $range j 1..i
-$range k 1..i-1
-
-template <$for j, [[typename Matcher$j]]>
-inline $for k[[internal::BothOfMatcher<Matcher$k, ]]Matcher$i[[]]$for k [[> ]]
-
-AllOf($for j, [[Matcher$j m$j]]) {
+$var m = i/2
+$range k 1..m
+$range t m+1..i
 
-$if i == 2 [[
-  return internal::BothOfMatcher<Matcher1, Matcher2>(m1, m2);
-]] $else [[
-  return ::testing::AllOf(m1, ::testing::AllOf($for k, [[m$(k + 1)]]));
-]]
-
+template <$for j, [[typename M$j]]>
+inline typename internal::AllOfResult$i<$for j, [[M$j]]>::type
+AllOf($for j, [[M$j m$j]]) {
+  return typename internal::AllOfResult$i<$for j, [[M$j]]>::type(
+      $if m == 1 [[m1]] $else [[::testing::AllOf($for k, [[m$k]])]],
+      $if m+1 == i [[m$i]] $else [[::testing::AllOf($for t, [[m$t]])]]);
 }
 
 ]]
 
 // AnyOf(m1, m2, ..., mk) matches any value that matches any of the given
 // sub-matchers.  AnyOf is called fully qualified to prevent ADL from firing.
 
 $range i 2..n
 $for i [[
 $range j 1..i
-$range k 1..i-1
-
-template <$for j, [[typename Matcher$j]]>
-inline $for k[[internal::EitherOfMatcher<Matcher$k, ]]Matcher$i[[]]$for k [[> ]]
-
-AnyOf($for j, [[Matcher$j m$j]]) {
+$var m = i/2
+$range k 1..m
+$range t m+1..i
 
-$if i == 2 [[
-  return internal::EitherOfMatcher<Matcher1, Matcher2>(m1, m2);
-]] $else [[
-  return ::testing::AnyOf(m1, ::testing::AnyOf($for k, [[m$(k + 1)]]));
-]]
-
+template <$for j, [[typename M$j]]>
+inline typename internal::AnyOfResult$i<$for j, [[M$j]]>::type
+AnyOf($for j, [[M$j m$j]]) {
+  return typename internal::AnyOfResult$i<$for j, [[M$j]]>::type(
+      $if m == 1 [[m1]] $else [[::testing::AnyOf($for k, [[m$k]])]],
+      $if m+1 == i [[m$i]] $else [[::testing::AnyOf($for t, [[m$t]])]]);
 }
 
 ]]
 
 }  // namespace testing
 $$ } // This Pump meta comment fixes auto-indentation in Emacs. It will not
 $$   // show up in the generated code.
 
@@ -616,36 +637,36 @@ AnyOf($for j, [[Matcher$j m$j]]) {
         *gmock_os << FormatDescription(true);\
       }\$param_field_decls
      private:\
       ::testing::internal::string FormatDescription(bool negation) const {\
         const ::testing::internal::string gmock_description = (description);\
         if (!gmock_description.empty())\
           return gmock_description;\
         return ::testing::internal::FormatMatcherDescription(\
-            negation, #name,\
+            negation, #name, \
             ::testing::internal::UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStrings(\
-                ::std::tr1::tuple<$for j, [[p$j##_type]]>($for j, [[p$j]])));\
+                ::testing::tuple<$for j, [[p$j##_type]]>($for j, [[p$j]])));\
       }\
       GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(gmock_Impl);\
     };\
     template <typename arg_type>\
     operator ::testing::Matcher<arg_type>() const {\
       return ::testing::Matcher<arg_type>(\
           new gmock_Impl<arg_type>($params));\
     }\
-    $class_name($ctor_param_list)$inits {\
+    [[$if i==1 [[explicit ]]]]$class_name($ctor_param_list)$inits {\
     }\$param_field_decls2
    private:\
     GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_($class_name);\
   };\$template
   inline $class_name$param_types name($param_types_and_names) {\
     return $class_name$param_types($params);\
   }\$template
   template <typename arg_type>\
   bool $class_name$param_types::gmock_Impl<arg_type>::MatchAndExplain(\
-      arg_type arg,\
+      arg_type arg, \
       ::testing::MatchResultListener* result_listener GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_)\
           const
 ]]
 
 
 #endif  // GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_GMOCK_GENERATED_MATCHERS_H_
--- a/testing/gtest/gmock/include/gmock/gmock-generated-nice-strict.h
+++ b/testing/gtest/gmock/include/gmock/gmock-generated-nice-strict.h
@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
-// This file was GENERATED by a script.  DO NOT EDIT BY HAND!!!
+// This file was GENERATED by command:
+//     pump.py gmock-generated-nice-strict.h.pump
+// DO NOT EDIT BY HAND!!!
 
 // Copyright 2008, Google Inc.
 // All rights reserved.
 //
 // Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 // modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
 // met:
 //
@@ -26,36 +28,46 @@
 // LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
 // DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
 // THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
 // (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
 // OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 //
 // Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
 
-// Implements class templates NiceMock and StrictMock.
+// Implements class templates NiceMock, NaggyMock, and StrictMock.
 //
 // Given a mock class MockFoo that is created using Google Mock,
 // NiceMock<MockFoo> is a subclass of MockFoo that allows
 // uninteresting calls (i.e. calls to mock methods that have no
-// EXPECT_CALL specs), and StrictMock<MockFoo> is a subclass of
-// MockFoo that treats all uninteresting calls as errors.
+// EXPECT_CALL specs), NaggyMock<MockFoo> is a subclass of MockFoo
+// that prints a warning when an uninteresting call occurs, and
+// StrictMock<MockFoo> is a subclass of MockFoo that treats all
+// uninteresting calls as errors.
+//
+// Currently a mock is naggy by default, so MockFoo and
+// NaggyMock<MockFoo> behave like the same.  However, we will soon
+// switch the default behavior of mocks to be nice, as that in general
+// leads to more maintainable tests.  When that happens, MockFoo will
+// stop behaving like NaggyMock<MockFoo> and start behaving like
+// NiceMock<MockFoo>.
 //
-// NiceMock and StrictMock "inherits" the constructors of their
-// respective base class, with up-to 10 arguments.  Therefore you can
-// write NiceMock<MockFoo>(5, "a") to construct a nice mock where
-// MockFoo has a constructor that accepts (int, const char*), for
-// example.
+// NiceMock, NaggyMock, and StrictMock "inherit" the constructors of
+// their respective base class, with up-to 10 arguments.  Therefore
+// you can write NiceMock<MockFoo>(5, "a") to construct a nice mock
+// where MockFoo has a constructor that accepts (int, const char*),
+// for example.
 //
-// A known limitation is that NiceMock<MockFoo> and
-// StrictMock<MockFoo> only works for mock methods defined using the
-// MOCK_METHOD* family of macros DIRECTLY in the MockFoo class.  If a
-// mock method is defined in a base class of MockFoo, the "nice" or
-// "strict" modifier may not affect it, depending on the compiler.  In
-// particular, nesting NiceMock and StrictMock is NOT supported.
+// A known limitation is that NiceMock<MockFoo>, NaggyMock<MockFoo>,
+// and StrictMock<MockFoo> only works for mock methods defined using
+// the MOCK_METHOD* family of macros DIRECTLY in the MockFoo class.
+// If a mock method is defined in a base class of MockFoo, the "nice"
+// or "strict" modifier may not affect it, depending on the compiler.
+// In particular, nesting NiceMock, NaggyMock, and StrictMock is NOT
+// supported.
 //
 // Another known limitation is that the constructors of the base mock
 // cannot have arguments passed by non-const reference, which are
 // banned by the Google C++ style guide anyway.
 
 #ifndef GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_GMOCK_GENERATED_NICE_STRICT_H_
 #define GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_GMOCK_GENERATED_NICE_STRICT_H_
 
@@ -156,25 +168,123 @@ class NiceMock : public MockClass {
         internal::ImplicitCast_<MockClass*>(this));
   }
 
  private:
   GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(NiceMock);
 };
 
 template <class MockClass>
+class NaggyMock : public MockClass {
+ public:
+  // We don't factor out the constructor body to a common method, as
+  // we have to avoid a possible clash with members of MockClass.
+  NaggyMock() {
+    ::testing::Mock::WarnUninterestingCalls(
+        internal::ImplicitCast_<MockClass*>(this));
+  }
+
+  // C++ doesn't (yet) allow inheritance of constructors, so we have
+  // to define it for each arity.
+  template <typename A1>
+  explicit NaggyMock(const A1& a1) : MockClass(a1) {
+    ::testing::Mock::WarnUninterestingCalls(
+        internal::ImplicitCast_<MockClass*>(this));
+  }
+  template <typename A1, typename A2>
+  NaggyMock(const A1& a1, const A2& a2) : MockClass(a1, a2) {
+    ::testing::Mock::WarnUninterestingCalls(
+        internal::ImplicitCast_<MockClass*>(this));
+  }
+
+  template <typename A1, typename A2, typename A3>
+  NaggyMock(const A1& a1, const A2& a2, const A3& a3) : MockClass(a1, a2, a3) {
+    ::testing::Mock::WarnUninterestingCalls(
+        internal::ImplicitCast_<MockClass*>(this));
+  }
+
+  template <typename A1, typename A2, typename A3, typename A4>
+  NaggyMock(const A1& a1, const A2& a2, const A3& a3,
+      const A4& a4) : MockClass(a1, a2, a3, a4) {
+    ::testing::Mock::WarnUninterestingCalls(
+        internal::ImplicitCast_<MockClass*>(this));
+  }
+
+  template <typename A1, typename A2, typename A3, typename A4, typename A5>
+  NaggyMock(const A1& a1, const A2& a2, const A3& a3, const A4& a4,
+      const A5& a5) : MockClass(a1, a2, a3, a4, a5) {
+    ::testing::Mock::WarnUninterestingCalls(
+        internal::ImplicitCast_<MockClass*>(this));
+  }
+
+  template <typename A1, typename A2, typename A3, typename A4, typename A5,
+      typename A6>
+  NaggyMock(const A1& a1, const A2& a2, const A3& a3, const A4& a4,
+      const A5& a5, const A6& a6) : MockClass(a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6) {
+    ::testing::Mock::WarnUninterestingCalls(
+        internal::ImplicitCast_<MockClass*>(this));
+  }
+
+  template <typename A1, typename A2, typename A3, typename A4, typename A5,
+      typename A6, typename A7>
+  NaggyMock(const A1& a1, const A2& a2, const A3& a3, const A4& a4,
+      const A5& a5, const A6& a6, const A7& a7) : MockClass(a1, a2, a3, a4, a5,
+      a6, a7) {
+    ::testing::Mock::WarnUninterestingCalls(
+        internal::ImplicitCast_<MockClass*>(this));
+  }
+
+  template <typename A1, typename A2, typename A3, typename A4, typename A5,
+      typename A6, typename A7, typename A8>
+  NaggyMock(const A1& a1, const A2& a2, const A3& a3, const A4& a4,
+      const A5& a5, const A6& a6, const A7& a7, const A8& a8) : MockClass(a1,
+      a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7, a8) {
+    ::testing::Mock::WarnUninterestingCalls(
+        internal::ImplicitCast_<MockClass*>(this));
+  }
+
+  template <typename A1, typename A2, typename A3, typename A4, typename A5,
+      typename A6, typename A7, typename A8, typename A9>
+  NaggyMock(const A1& a1, const A2& a2, const A3& a3, const A4& a4,
+      const A5& a5, const A6& a6, const A7& a7, const A8& a8,
+      const A9& a9) : MockClass(a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7, a8, a9) {
+    ::testing::Mock::WarnUninterestingCalls(
+        internal::ImplicitCast_<MockClass*>(this));
+  }
+
+  template <typename A1, typename A2, typename A3, typename A4, typename A5,
+      typename A6, typename A7, typename A8, typename A9, typename A10>
+  NaggyMock(const A1& a1, const A2& a2, const A3& a3, const A4& a4,
+      const A5& a5, const A6& a6, const A7& a7, const A8& a8, const A9& a9,
+      const A10& a10) : MockClass(a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7, a8, a9, a10) {
+    ::testing::Mock::WarnUninterestingCalls(
+        internal::ImplicitCast_<MockClass*>(this));
+  }
+
+  virtual ~NaggyMock() {
+    ::testing::Mock::UnregisterCallReaction(
+        internal::ImplicitCast_<MockClass*>(this));
+  }
+
+ private:
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(NaggyMock);
+};
+
+template <class MockClass>
 class StrictMock : public MockClass {
  public:
   // We don't factor out the constructor body to a common method, as
   // we have to avoid a possible clash with members of MockClass.
   StrictMock() {
     ::testing::Mock::FailUninterestingCalls(
         internal::ImplicitCast_<MockClass*>(this));
   }
 
+  // C++ doesn't (yet) allow inheritance of constructors, so we have
+  // to define it for each arity.
   template <typename A1>
   explicit StrictMock(const A1& a1) : MockClass(a1) {
     ::testing::Mock::FailUninterestingCalls(
         internal::ImplicitCast_<MockClass*>(this));
   }
   template <typename A1, typename A2>
   StrictMock(const A1& a1, const A2& a2) : MockClass(a1, a2) {
     ::testing::Mock::FailUninterestingCalls(
@@ -253,22 +363,35 @@ class StrictMock : public MockClass {
  private:
   GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(StrictMock);
 };
 
 // The following specializations catch some (relatively more common)
 // user errors of nesting nice and strict mocks.  They do NOT catch
 // all possible errors.
 
-// These specializations are declared but not defined, as NiceMock and
-// StrictMock cannot be nested.
+// These specializations are declared but not defined, as NiceMock,
+// NaggyMock, and StrictMock cannot be nested.
+
 template <typename MockClass>
 class NiceMock<NiceMock<MockClass> >;
 template <typename MockClass>
+class NiceMock<NaggyMock<MockClass> >;
+template <typename MockClass>
 class NiceMock<StrictMock<MockClass> >;
+
+template <typename MockClass>
+class NaggyMock<NiceMock<MockClass> >;
+template <typename MockClass>
+class NaggyMock<NaggyMock<MockClass> >;
+template <typename MockClass>
+class NaggyMock<StrictMock<MockClass> >;
+
 template <typename MockClass>
 class StrictMock<NiceMock<MockClass> >;
 template <typename MockClass>
+class StrictMock<NaggyMock<MockClass> >;
+template <typename MockClass>
 class StrictMock<StrictMock<MockClass> >;
 
 }  // namespace testing
 
 #endif  // GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_GMOCK_GENERATED_NICE_STRICT_H_
--- a/testing/gtest/gmock/include/gmock/gmock-generated-nice-strict.h.pump
+++ b/testing/gtest/gmock/include/gmock/gmock-generated-nice-strict.h.pump
@@ -29,132 +29,133 @@
 // LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
 // DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
 // THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
 // (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
 // OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 //
 // Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
 
-// Implements class templates NiceMock and StrictMock.
+// Implements class templates NiceMock, NaggyMock, and StrictMock.
 //
 // Given a mock class MockFoo that is created using Google Mock,
 // NiceMock<MockFoo> is a subclass of MockFoo that allows
 // uninteresting calls (i.e. calls to mock methods that have no
-// EXPECT_CALL specs), and StrictMock<MockFoo> is a subclass of
-// MockFoo that treats all uninteresting calls as errors.
+// EXPECT_CALL specs), NaggyMock<MockFoo> is a subclass of MockFoo
+// that prints a warning when an uninteresting call occurs, and
+// StrictMock<MockFoo> is a subclass of MockFoo that treats all
+// uninteresting calls as errors.
+//
+// Currently a mock is naggy by default, so MockFoo and
+// NaggyMock<MockFoo> behave like the same.  However, we will soon
+// switch the default behavior of mocks to be nice, as that in general
+// leads to more maintainable tests.  When that happens, MockFoo will
+// stop behaving like NaggyMock<MockFoo> and start behaving like
+// NiceMock<MockFoo>.
 //
-// NiceMock and StrictMock "inherits" the constructors of their
-// respective base class, with up-to $n arguments.  Therefore you can
-// write NiceMock<MockFoo>(5, "a") to construct a nice mock where
-// MockFoo has a constructor that accepts (int, const char*), for
-// example.
+// NiceMock, NaggyMock, and StrictMock "inherit" the constructors of
+// their respective base class, with up-to $n arguments.  Therefore
+// you can write NiceMock<MockFoo>(5, "a") to construct a nice mock
+// where MockFoo has a constructor that accepts (int, const char*),
+// for example.
 //
-// A known limitation is that NiceMock<MockFoo> and
-// StrictMock<MockFoo> only works for mock methods defined using the
-// MOCK_METHOD* family of macros DIRECTLY in the MockFoo class.  If a
-// mock method is defined in a base class of MockFoo, the "nice" or
-// "strict" modifier may not affect it, depending on the compiler.  In
-// particular, nesting NiceMock and StrictMock is NOT supported.
+// A known limitation is that NiceMock<MockFoo>, NaggyMock<MockFoo>,
+// and StrictMock<MockFoo> only works for mock methods defined using
+// the MOCK_METHOD* family of macros DIRECTLY in the MockFoo class.
+// If a mock method is defined in a base class of MockFoo, the "nice"
+// or "strict" modifier may not affect it, depending on the compiler.
+// In particular, nesting NiceMock, NaggyMock, and StrictMock is NOT
+// supported.
 //
 // Another known limitation is that the constructors of the base mock
 // cannot have arguments passed by non-const reference, which are
 // banned by the Google C++ style guide anyway.
 
 #ifndef GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_GMOCK_GENERATED_NICE_STRICT_H_
 #define GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_GMOCK_GENERATED_NICE_STRICT_H_
 
 #include "gmock/gmock-spec-builders.h"
 #include "gmock/internal/gmock-port.h"
 
 namespace testing {
 
+$range kind 0..2
+$for kind [[
+
+$var clazz=[[$if kind==0 [[NiceMock]]
+             $elif kind==1 [[NaggyMock]]
+             $else [[StrictMock]]]]
+
+$var method=[[$if kind==0 [[AllowUninterestingCalls]]
+             $elif kind==1 [[WarnUninterestingCalls]]
+             $else [[FailUninterestingCalls]]]]
+
 template <class MockClass>
-class NiceMock : public MockClass {
+class $clazz : public MockClass {
  public:
   // We don't factor out the constructor body to a common method, as
   // we have to avoid a possible clash with members of MockClass.
-  NiceMock() {
-    ::testing::Mock::AllowUninterestingCalls(
+  $clazz() {
+    ::testing::Mock::$method(
         internal::ImplicitCast_<MockClass*>(this));
   }
 
   // C++ doesn't (yet) allow inheritance of constructors, so we have
   // to define it for each arity.
   template <typename A1>
-  explicit NiceMock(const A1& a1) : MockClass(a1) {
-    ::testing::Mock::AllowUninterestingCalls(
+  explicit $clazz(const A1& a1) : MockClass(a1) {
+    ::testing::Mock::$method(
         internal::ImplicitCast_<MockClass*>(this));
   }
 
 $range i 2..n
 $for i [[
 $range j 1..i
   template <$for j, [[typename A$j]]>
-  NiceMock($for j, [[const A$j& a$j]]) : MockClass($for j, [[a$j]]) {
-    ::testing::Mock::AllowUninterestingCalls(
+  $clazz($for j, [[const A$j& a$j]]) : MockClass($for j, [[a$j]]) {
+    ::testing::Mock::$method(
         internal::ImplicitCast_<MockClass*>(this));
   }
 
 
 ]]
-  virtual ~NiceMock() {
+  virtual ~$clazz() {
     ::testing::Mock::UnregisterCallReaction(
         internal::ImplicitCast_<MockClass*>(this));
   }
 
  private:
-  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(NiceMock);
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_($clazz);
 };
 
-template <class MockClass>
-class StrictMock : public MockClass {
- public:
-  // We don't factor out the constructor body to a common method, as
-  // we have to avoid a possible clash with members of MockClass.
-  StrictMock() {
-    ::testing::Mock::FailUninterestingCalls(
-        internal::ImplicitCast_<MockClass*>(this));
-  }
-
-  template <typename A1>
-  explicit StrictMock(const A1& a1) : MockClass(a1) {
-    ::testing::Mock::FailUninterestingCalls(
-        internal::ImplicitCast_<MockClass*>(this));
-  }
-
-$for i [[
-$range j 1..i
-  template <$for j, [[typename A$j]]>
-  StrictMock($for j, [[const A$j& a$j]]) : MockClass($for j, [[a$j]]) {
-    ::testing::Mock::FailUninterestingCalls(
-        internal::ImplicitCast_<MockClass*>(this));
-  }
-
-
 ]]
-  virtual ~StrictMock() {
-    ::testing::Mock::UnregisterCallReaction(
-        internal::ImplicitCast_<MockClass*>(this));
-  }
-
- private:
-  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(StrictMock);
-};
 
 // The following specializations catch some (relatively more common)
 // user errors of nesting nice and strict mocks.  They do NOT catch
 // all possible errors.
 
-// These specializations are declared but not defined, as NiceMock and
-// StrictMock cannot be nested.
+// These specializations are declared but not defined, as NiceMock,
+// NaggyMock, and StrictMock cannot be nested.
+
 template <typename MockClass>
 class NiceMock<NiceMock<MockClass> >;
 template <typename MockClass>
+class NiceMock<NaggyMock<MockClass> >;
+template <typename MockClass>
 class NiceMock<StrictMock<MockClass> >;
+
+template <typename MockClass>
+class NaggyMock<NiceMock<MockClass> >;
+template <typename MockClass>
+class NaggyMock<NaggyMock<MockClass> >;
+template <typename MockClass>
+class NaggyMock<StrictMock<MockClass> >;
+
 template <typename MockClass>
 class StrictMock<NiceMock<MockClass> >;
 template <typename MockClass>
+class StrictMock<NaggyMock<MockClass> >;
+template <typename MockClass>
 class StrictMock<StrictMock<MockClass> >;
 
 }  // namespace testing
 
 #endif  // GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_GMOCK_GENERATED_NICE_STRICT_H_
--- a/testing/gtest/gmock/include/gmock/gmock-matchers.h
+++ b/testing/gtest/gmock/include/gmock/gmock-matchers.h
@@ -33,28 +33,34 @@
 //
 // This file implements some commonly used argument matchers.  More
 // matchers can be defined by the user implementing the
 // MatcherInterface<T> interface if necessary.
 
 #ifndef GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_GMOCK_MATCHERS_H_
 #define GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_GMOCK_MATCHERS_H_
 
+#include <math.h>
 #include <algorithm>
+#include <iterator>
 #include <limits>
 #include <ostream>  // NOLINT
 #include <sstream>
 #include <string>
 #include <utility>
 #include <vector>
 
 #include "gmock/internal/gmock-internal-utils.h"
 #include "gmock/internal/gmock-port.h"
 #include "gtest/gtest.h"
 
+#if GTEST_HAS_STD_INITIALIZER_LIST_
+# include <initializer_list>  // NOLINT -- must be after gtest.h
+#endif
+
 namespace testing {
 
 // To implement a matcher Foo for type T, define:
 //   1. a class FooMatcherImpl that implements the
 //      MatcherInterface<T> interface, and
 //   2. a factory function that creates a Matcher<T> object from a
 //      FooMatcherImpl*.
 //
@@ -69,17 +75,18 @@ namespace testing {
 //
 // TODO(wan@google.com): add method
 //   bool InterestedInWhy(bool result) const;
 // to indicate whether the listener is interested in why the match
 // result is 'result'.
 class MatchResultListener {
  public:
   // Creates a listener object with the given underlying ostream.  The
-  // listener does not own the ostream.
+  // listener does not own the ostream, and does not dereference it
+  // in the constructor or destructor.
   explicit MatchResultListener(::std::ostream* os) : stream_(os) {}
   virtual ~MatchResultListener() = 0;  // Makes this class abstract.
 
   // Streams x to the underlying ostream; does nothing if the ostream
   // is NULL.
   template <typename T>
   MatchResultListener& operator<<(const T& x) {
     if (stream_ != NULL)
@@ -100,37 +107,21 @@ class MatchResultListener {
   ::std::ostream* const stream_;
 
   GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(MatchResultListener);
 };
 
 inline MatchResultListener::~MatchResultListener() {
 }
 
-// The implementation of a matcher.
-template <typename T>
-class MatcherInterface {
+// An instance of a subclass of this knows how to describe itself as a
+// matcher.
+class MatcherDescriberInterface {
  public:
-  virtual ~MatcherInterface() {}
-
-  // Returns true iff the matcher matches x; also explains the match
-  // result to 'listener', in the form of a non-restrictive relative
-  // clause ("which ...", "whose ...", etc) that describes x.  For
-  // example, the MatchAndExplain() method of the Pointee(...) matcher
-  // should generate an explanation like "which points to ...".
-  //
-  // You should override this method when defining a new matcher.
-  //
-  // It's the responsibility of the caller (Google Mock) to guarantee
-  // that 'listener' is not NULL.  This helps to simplify a matcher's
-  // implementation when it doesn't care about the performance, as it
-  // can talk to 'listener' without checking its validity first.
-  // However, in order to implement dummy listeners efficiently,
-  // listener->stream() may be NULL.
-  virtual bool MatchAndExplain(T x, MatchResultListener* listener) const = 0;
+  virtual ~MatcherDescriberInterface() {}
 
   // Describes this matcher to an ostream.  The function should print
   // a verb phrase that describes the property a value matching this
   // matcher should have.  The subject of the verb phrase is the value
   // being matched.  For example, the DescribeTo() method of the Gt(7)
   // matcher prints "is greater than 7".
   virtual void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const = 0;
 
@@ -142,18 +133,102 @@ class MatcherInterface {
   // can produce good error messages.
   virtual void DescribeNegationTo(::std::ostream* os) const {
     *os << "not (";
     DescribeTo(os);
     *os << ")";
   }
 };
 
+// The implementation of a matcher.
+template <typename T>
+class MatcherInterface : public MatcherDescriberInterface {
+ public:
+  // Returns true iff the matcher matches x; also explains the match
+  // result to 'listener' if necessary (see the next paragraph), in
+  // the form of a non-restrictive relative clause ("which ...",
+  // "whose ...", etc) that describes x.  For example, the
+  // MatchAndExplain() method of the Pointee(...) matcher should
+  // generate an explanation like "which points to ...".
+  //
+  // Implementations of MatchAndExplain() should add an explanation of
+  // the match result *if and only if* they can provide additional
+  // information that's not already present (or not obvious) in the
+  // print-out of x and the matcher's description.  Whether the match
+  // succeeds is not a factor in deciding whether an explanation is
+  // needed, as sometimes the caller needs to print a failure message
+  // when the match succeeds (e.g. when the matcher is used inside
+  // Not()).
+  //
+  // For example, a "has at least 10 elements" matcher should explain
+  // what the actual element count is, regardless of the match result,
+  // as it is useful information to the reader; on the other hand, an
+  // "is empty" matcher probably only needs to explain what the actual
+  // size is when the match fails, as it's redundant to say that the
+  // size is 0 when the value is already known to be empty.
+  //
+  // You should override this method when defining a new matcher.
+  //
+  // It's the responsibility of the caller (Google Mock) to guarantee
+  // that 'listener' is not NULL.  This helps to simplify a matcher's
+  // implementation when it doesn't care about the performance, as it
+  // can talk to 'listener' without checking its validity first.
+  // However, in order to implement dummy listeners efficiently,
+  // listener->stream() may be NULL.
+  virtual bool MatchAndExplain(T x, MatchResultListener* listener) const = 0;
+
+  // Inherits these methods from MatcherDescriberInterface:
+  //   virtual void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const = 0;
+  //   virtual void DescribeNegationTo(::std::ostream* os) const;
+};
+
+// A match result listener that stores the explanation in a string.
+class StringMatchResultListener : public MatchResultListener {
+ public:
+  StringMatchResultListener() : MatchResultListener(&ss_) {}
+
+  // Returns the explanation accumulated so far.
+  internal::string str() const { return ss_.str(); }
+
+  // Clears the explanation accumulated so far.
+  void Clear() { ss_.str(""); }
+
+ private:
+  ::std::stringstream ss_;
+
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(StringMatchResultListener);
+};
+
 namespace internal {
 
+struct AnyEq {
+  template <typename A, typename B>
+  bool operator()(const A& a, const B& b) const { return a == b; }
+};
+struct AnyNe {
+  template <typename A, typename B>
+  bool operator()(const A& a, const B& b) const { return a != b; }
+};
+struct AnyLt {
+  template <typename A, typename B>
+  bool operator()(const A& a, const B& b) const { return a < b; }
+};
+struct AnyGt {
+  template <typename A, typename B>
+  bool operator()(const A& a, const B& b) const { return a > b; }
+};
+struct AnyLe {
+  template <typename A, typename B>
+  bool operator()(const A& a, const B& b) const { return a <= b; }
+};
+struct AnyGe {
+  template <typename A, typename B>
+  bool operator()(const A& a, const B& b) const { return a >= b; }
+};
+
 // A match result listener that ignores the explanation.
 class DummyMatchResultListener : public MatchResultListener {
  public:
   DummyMatchResultListener() : MatchResultListener(NULL) {}
 
  private:
   GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(DummyMatchResultListener);
 };
@@ -165,30 +240,16 @@ class StreamMatchResultListener : public
  public:
   explicit StreamMatchResultListener(::std::ostream* os)
       : MatchResultListener(os) {}
 
  private:
   GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(StreamMatchResultListener);
 };
 
-// A match result listener that stores the explanation in a string.
-class StringMatchResultListener : public MatchResultListener {
- public:
-  StringMatchResultListener() : MatchResultListener(&ss_) {}
-
-  // Returns the explanation heard so far.
-  internal::string str() const { return ss_.str(); }
-
- private:
-  ::std::stringstream ss_;
-
-  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(StringMatchResultListener);
-};
-
 // An internal class for implementing Matcher<T>, which will derive
 // from it.  We put functionalities common to all Matcher<T>
 // specializations here to avoid code duplication.
 template <typename T>
 class MatcherBase {
  public:
   // Returns true iff the matcher matches x; also explains the match
   // result to 'listener'.
@@ -211,16 +272,23 @@ class MatcherBase {
   }
 
   // Explains why x matches, or doesn't match, the matcher.
   void ExplainMatchResultTo(T x, ::std::ostream* os) const {
     StreamMatchResultListener listener(os);
     MatchAndExplain(x, &listener);
   }
 
+  // Returns the describer for this matcher object; retains ownership
+  // of the describer, which is only guaranteed to be alive when
+  // this matcher object is alive.
+  const MatcherDescriberInterface* GetDescriber() const {
+    return impl_.get();
+  }
+
  protected:
   MatcherBase() {}
 
   // Constructs a matcher from its implementation.
   explicit MatcherBase(const MatcherInterface<T>* impl)
       : impl_(impl) {}
 
   virtual ~MatcherBase() {}
@@ -248,64 +316,109 @@ class MatcherBase {
 // MatcherInterface<T>, so copying is fairly cheap.  Don't inherit
 // from Matcher!
 template <typename T>
 class Matcher : public internal::MatcherBase<T> {
  public:
   // Constructs a null matcher.  Needed for storing Matcher objects in STL
   // containers.  A default-constructed matcher is not yet initialized.  You
   // cannot use it until a valid value has been assigned to it.
-  Matcher() {}
+  explicit Matcher() {}  // NOLINT
 
   // Constructs a matcher from its implementation.
   explicit Matcher(const MatcherInterface<T>* impl)
       : internal::MatcherBase<T>(impl) {}
 
   // Implicit constructor here allows people to write
   // EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar(5)) instead of EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar(Eq(5))) sometimes
   Matcher(T value);  // NOLINT
 };
 
 // The following two specializations allow the user to write str
 // instead of Eq(str) and "foo" instead of Eq("foo") when a string
 // matcher is expected.
 template <>
-class Matcher<const internal::string&>
+class GTEST_API_ Matcher<const internal::string&>
     : public internal::MatcherBase<const internal::string&> {
  public:
   Matcher() {}
 
   explicit Matcher(const MatcherInterface<const internal::string&>* impl)
       : internal::MatcherBase<const internal::string&>(impl) {}
 
   // Allows the user to write str instead of Eq(str) sometimes, where
   // str is a string object.
   Matcher(const internal::string& s);  // NOLINT
 
   // Allows the user to write "foo" instead of Eq("foo") sometimes.
   Matcher(const char* s);  // NOLINT
 };
 
 template <>
-class Matcher<internal::string>
+class GTEST_API_ Matcher<internal::string>
     : public internal::MatcherBase<internal::string> {
  public:
   Matcher() {}
 
   explicit Matcher(const MatcherInterface<internal::string>* impl)
       : internal::MatcherBase<internal::string>(impl) {}
 
   // Allows the user to write str instead of Eq(str) sometimes, where
   // str is a string object.
   Matcher(const internal::string& s);  // NOLINT
 
   // Allows the user to write "foo" instead of Eq("foo") sometimes.
   Matcher(const char* s);  // NOLINT
 };
 
+#if GTEST_HAS_STRING_PIECE_
+// The following two specializations allow the user to write str
+// instead of Eq(str) and "foo" instead of Eq("foo") when a StringPiece
+// matcher is expected.
+template <>
+class GTEST_API_ Matcher<const StringPiece&>
+    : public internal::MatcherBase<const StringPiece&> {
+ public:
+  Matcher() {}
+
+  explicit Matcher(const MatcherInterface<const StringPiece&>* impl)
+      : internal::MatcherBase<const StringPiece&>(impl) {}
+
+  // Allows the user to write str instead of Eq(str) sometimes, where
+  // str is a string object.
+  Matcher(const internal::string& s);  // NOLINT
+
+  // Allows the user to write "foo" instead of Eq("foo") sometimes.
+  Matcher(const char* s);  // NOLINT
+
+  // Allows the user to pass StringPieces directly.
+  Matcher(StringPiece s);  // NOLINT
+};
+
+template <>
+class GTEST_API_ Matcher<StringPiece>
+    : public internal::MatcherBase<StringPiece> {
+ public:
+  Matcher() {}
+
+  explicit Matcher(const MatcherInterface<StringPiece>* impl)
+      : internal::MatcherBase<StringPiece>(impl) {}
+
+  // Allows the user to write str instead of Eq(str) sometimes, where
+  // str is a string object.
+  Matcher(const internal::string& s);  // NOLINT
+
+  // Allows the user to write "foo" instead of Eq("foo") sometimes.
+  Matcher(const char* s);  // NOLINT
+
+  // Allows the user to pass StringPieces directly.
+  Matcher(StringPiece s);  // NOLINT
+};
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_STRING_PIECE_
+
 // The PolymorphicMatcher class template makes it easy to implement a
 // polymorphic matcher (i.e. a matcher that can match values of more
 // than one type, e.g. Eq(n) and NotNull()).
 //
 // To define a polymorphic matcher, a user should provide an Impl
 // class that has a DescribeTo() method and a DescribeNegationTo()
 // method, and define a member function (or member function template)
 //
@@ -365,52 +478,159 @@ class PolymorphicMatcher {
 // explicitly write the template argument, e.g.
 //
 //   MakeMatcher(foo);
 // vs
 //   Matcher<const string&>(foo);
 template <typename T>
 inline Matcher<T> MakeMatcher(const MatcherInterface<T>* impl) {
   return Matcher<T>(impl);
-};
+}
 
 // Creates a polymorphic matcher from its implementation.  This is
 // easier to use than the PolymorphicMatcher<Impl> constructor as it
 // doesn't require you to explicitly write the template argument, e.g.
 //
 //   MakePolymorphicMatcher(foo);
 // vs
 //   PolymorphicMatcher<TypeOfFoo>(foo);
 template <class Impl>
 inline PolymorphicMatcher<Impl> MakePolymorphicMatcher(const Impl& impl) {
   return PolymorphicMatcher<Impl>(impl);
 }
 
+// Anything inside the 'internal' namespace IS INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION
+// and MUST NOT BE USED IN USER CODE!!!
+namespace internal {
+
+// The MatcherCastImpl class template is a helper for implementing
+// MatcherCast().  We need this helper in order to partially
+// specialize the implementation of MatcherCast() (C++ allows
+// class/struct templates to be partially specialized, but not
+// function templates.).
+
+// This general version is used when MatcherCast()'s argument is a
+// polymorphic matcher (i.e. something that can be converted to a
+// Matcher but is not one yet; for example, Eq(value)) or a value (for
+// example, "hello").
+template <typename T, typename M>
+class MatcherCastImpl {
+ public:
+  static Matcher<T> Cast(const M& polymorphic_matcher_or_value) {
+    // M can be a polymorhic matcher, in which case we want to use
+    // its conversion operator to create Matcher<T>.  Or it can be a value
+    // that should be passed to the Matcher<T>'s constructor.
+    //
+    // We can't call Matcher<T>(polymorphic_matcher_or_value) when M is a
+    // polymorphic matcher because it'll be ambiguous if T has an implicit
+    // constructor from M (this usually happens when T has an implicit
+    // constructor from any type).
+    //
+    // It won't work to unconditionally implict_cast
+    // polymorphic_matcher_or_value to Matcher<T> because it won't trigger
+    // a user-defined conversion from M to T if one exists (assuming M is
+    // a value).
+    return CastImpl(
+        polymorphic_matcher_or_value,
+        BooleanConstant<
+            internal::ImplicitlyConvertible<M, Matcher<T> >::value>());
+  }
+
+ private:
+  static Matcher<T> CastImpl(const M& value, BooleanConstant<false>) {
+    // M can't be implicitly converted to Matcher<T>, so M isn't a polymorphic
+    // matcher.  It must be a value then.  Use direct initialization to create
+    // a matcher.
+    return Matcher<T>(ImplicitCast_<T>(value));
+  }
+
+  static Matcher<T> CastImpl(const M& polymorphic_matcher_or_value,
+                             BooleanConstant<true>) {
+    // M is implicitly convertible to Matcher<T>, which means that either
+    // M is a polymorhpic matcher or Matcher<T> has an implicit constructor
+    // from M.  In both cases using the implicit conversion will produce a
+    // matcher.
+    //
+    // Even if T has an implicit constructor from M, it won't be called because
+    // creating Matcher<T> would require a chain of two user-defined conversions
+    // (first to create T from M and then to create Matcher<T> from T).
+    return polymorphic_matcher_or_value;
+  }
+};
+
+// This more specialized version is used when MatcherCast()'s argument
+// is already a Matcher.  This only compiles when type T can be
+// statically converted to type U.
+template <typename T, typename U>
+class MatcherCastImpl<T, Matcher<U> > {
+ public:
+  static Matcher<T> Cast(const Matcher<U>& source_matcher) {
+    return Matcher<T>(new Impl(source_matcher));
+  }
+
+ private:
+  class Impl : public MatcherInterface<T> {
+   public:
+    explicit Impl(const Matcher<U>& source_matcher)
+        : source_matcher_(source_matcher) {}
+
+    // We delegate the matching logic to the source matcher.
+    virtual bool MatchAndExplain(T x, MatchResultListener* listener) const {
+      return source_matcher_.MatchAndExplain(static_cast<U>(x), listener);
+    }
+
+    virtual void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const {
+      source_matcher_.DescribeTo(os);
+    }
+
+    virtual void DescribeNegationTo(::std::ostream* os) const {
+      source_matcher_.DescribeNegationTo(os);
+    }
+
+   private:
+    const Matcher<U> source_matcher_;
+
+    GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(Impl);
+  };
+};
+
+// This even more specialized version is used for efficiently casting
+// a matcher to its own type.
+template <typename T>
+class MatcherCastImpl<T, Matcher<T> > {
+ public:
+  static Matcher<T> Cast(const Matcher<T>& matcher) { return matcher; }
+};
+
+}  // namespace internal
+
 // In order to be safe and clear, casting between different matcher
 // types is done explicitly via MatcherCast<T>(m), which takes a
 // matcher m and returns a Matcher<T>.  It compiles only when T can be
 // statically converted to the argument type of m.
 template <typename T, typename M>
-Matcher<T> MatcherCast(M m);
+inline Matcher<T> MatcherCast(const M& matcher) {
+  return internal::MatcherCastImpl<T, M>::Cast(matcher);
+}
 
 // Implements SafeMatcherCast().
 //
 // We use an intermediate class to do the actual safe casting as Nokia's
 // Symbian compiler cannot decide between
 // template <T, M> ... (M) and
 // template <T, U> ... (const Matcher<U>&)
 // for function templates but can for member function templates.
 template <typename T>
 class SafeMatcherCastImpl {
  public:
-  // This overload handles polymorphic matchers only since monomorphic
-  // matchers are handled by the next one.
+  // This overload handles polymorphic matchers and values only since
+  // monomorphic matchers are handled by the next one.
   template <typename M>
-  static inline Matcher<T> Cast(M polymorphic_matcher) {
-    return Matcher<T>(polymorphic_matcher);
+  static inline Matcher<T> Cast(const M& polymorphic_matcher_or_value) {
+    return internal::MatcherCastImpl<T, M>::Cast(polymorphic_matcher_or_value);
   }
 
   // This overload handles monomorphic matchers.
   //
   // In general, if type T can be implicitly converted to type U, we can
   // safely convert a Matcher<U> to a Matcher<T> (i.e. Matcher is
   // contravariant): just keep a copy of the original Matcher<U>, convert the
   // argument from type T to U, and then pass it to the underlying Matcher<U>.
@@ -451,17 +671,17 @@ template <typename T>
 Matcher<T> A();
 
 // Anything inside the 'internal' namespace IS INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION
 // and MUST NOT BE USED IN USER CODE!!!
 namespace internal {
 
 // If the explanation is not empty, prints it to the ostream.
 inline void PrintIfNotEmpty(const internal::string& explanation,
-                            std::ostream* os) {
+                            ::std::ostream* os) {
   if (explanation != "" && os != NULL) {
     *os << ", " << explanation;
   }
 }
 
 // Returns true if the given type name is easy to read by a human.
 // This is used to decide whether printing the type of a value might
 // be helpful.
@@ -506,32 +726,28 @@ template <size_t N>
 class TuplePrefix {
  public:
   // TuplePrefix<N>::Matches(matcher_tuple, value_tuple) returns true
   // iff the first N fields of matcher_tuple matches the first N
   // fields of value_tuple, respectively.
   template <typename MatcherTuple, typename ValueTuple>
   static bool Matches(const MatcherTuple& matcher_tuple,
                       const ValueTuple& value_tuple) {
-    using ::std::tr1::get;
     return TuplePrefix<N - 1>::Matches(matcher_tuple, value_tuple)
         && get<N - 1>(matcher_tuple).Matches(get<N - 1>(value_tuple));
   }
 
   // TuplePrefix<N>::ExplainMatchFailuresTo(matchers, values, os)
   // describes failures in matching the first N fields of matchers
   // against the first N fields of values.  If there is no failure,
   // nothing will be streamed to os.
   template <typename MatcherTuple, typename ValueTuple>
   static void ExplainMatchFailuresTo(const MatcherTuple& matchers,
                                      const ValueTuple& values,
                                      ::std::ostream* os) {
-    using ::std::tr1::tuple_element;
-    using ::std::tr1::get;
-
     // First, describes failures in the first N - 1 fields.
     TuplePrefix<N - 1>::ExplainMatchFailuresTo(matchers, values, os);
 
     // Then describes the failure (if any) in the (N - 1)-th (0-based)
     // field.
     typename tuple_element<N - 1, MatcherTuple>::type matcher =
         get<N - 1>(matchers);
     typedef typename tuple_element<N - 1, ValueTuple>::type Value;
@@ -574,97 +790,74 @@ class TuplePrefix<0> {
 // TupleMatches(matcher_tuple, value_tuple) returns true iff all
 // matchers in matcher_tuple match the corresponding fields in
 // value_tuple.  It is a compiler error if matcher_tuple and
 // value_tuple have different number of fields or incompatible field
 // types.
 template <typename MatcherTuple, typename ValueTuple>
 bool TupleMatches(const MatcherTuple& matcher_tuple,
                   const ValueTuple& value_tuple) {
-  using ::std::tr1::tuple_size;
   // Makes sure that matcher_tuple and value_tuple have the same
   // number of fields.
   GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_(tuple_size<MatcherTuple>::value ==
                         tuple_size<ValueTuple>::value,
                         matcher_and_value_have_different_numbers_of_fields);
   return TuplePrefix<tuple_size<ValueTuple>::value>::
       Matches(matcher_tuple, value_tuple);
 }
 
 // Describes failures in matching matchers against values.  If there
 // is no failure, nothing will be streamed to os.
 template <typename MatcherTuple, typename ValueTuple>
 void ExplainMatchFailureTupleTo(const MatcherTuple& matchers,
                                 const ValueTuple& values,
                                 ::std::ostream* os) {
-  using ::std::tr1::tuple_size;
   TuplePrefix<tuple_size<MatcherTuple>::value>::ExplainMatchFailuresTo(
       matchers, values, os);
 }
 
-// The MatcherCastImpl class template is a helper for implementing
-// MatcherCast().  We need this helper in order to partially
-// specialize the implementation of MatcherCast() (C++ allows
-// class/struct templates to be partially specialized, but not
-// function templates.).
-
-// This general version is used when MatcherCast()'s argument is a
-// polymorphic matcher (i.e. something that can be converted to a
-// Matcher but is not one yet; for example, Eq(value)).
-template <typename T, typename M>
-class MatcherCastImpl {
+// TransformTupleValues and its helper.
+//
+// TransformTupleValuesHelper hides the internal machinery that
+// TransformTupleValues uses to implement a tuple traversal.
+template <typename Tuple, typename Func, typename OutIter>
+class TransformTupleValuesHelper {
+ private:
+  typedef ::testing::tuple_size<Tuple> TupleSize;
+
  public:
-  static Matcher<T> Cast(M polymorphic_matcher) {
-    return Matcher<T>(polymorphic_matcher);
-  }
-};
-
-// This more specialized version is used when MatcherCast()'s argument
-// is already a Matcher.  This only compiles when type T can be
-// statically converted to type U.
-template <typename T, typename U>
-class MatcherCastImpl<T, Matcher<U> > {
- public:
-  static Matcher<T> Cast(const Matcher<U>& source_matcher) {
-    return Matcher<T>(new Impl(source_matcher));
+  // For each member of tuple 't', taken in order, evaluates '*out++ = f(t)'.
+  // Returns the final value of 'out' in case the caller needs it.
+  static OutIter Run(Func f, const Tuple& t, OutIter out) {
+    return IterateOverTuple<Tuple, TupleSize::value>()(f, t, out);
   }
 
  private:
-  class Impl : public MatcherInterface<T> {
-   public:
-    explicit Impl(const Matcher<U>& source_matcher)
-        : source_matcher_(source_matcher) {}
-
-    // We delegate the matching logic to the source matcher.
-    virtual bool MatchAndExplain(T x, MatchResultListener* listener) const {
-      return source_matcher_.MatchAndExplain(static_cast<U>(x), listener);
+  template <typename Tup, size_t kRemainingSize>
+  struct IterateOverTuple {
+    OutIter operator() (Func f, const Tup& t, OutIter out) const {
+      *out++ = f(::testing::get<TupleSize::value - kRemainingSize>(t));
+      return IterateOverTuple<Tup, kRemainingSize - 1>()(f, t, out);
     }
-
-    virtual void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const {
-      source_matcher_.DescribeTo(os);
+  };
+  template <typename Tup>
+  struct IterateOverTuple<Tup, 0> {
+    OutIter operator() (Func /* f */, const Tup& /* t */, OutIter out) const {
+      return out;
     }
-
-    virtual void DescribeNegationTo(::std::ostream* os) const {
-      source_matcher_.DescribeNegationTo(os);
-    }
-
-   private:
-    const Matcher<U> source_matcher_;
-
-    GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(Impl);
   };
 };
 
-// This even more specialized version is used for efficiently casting
-// a matcher to its own type.
-template <typename T>
-class MatcherCastImpl<T, Matcher<T> > {
- public:
-  static Matcher<T> Cast(const Matcher<T>& matcher) { return matcher; }
-};
+// Successively invokes 'f(element)' on each element of the tuple 't',
+// appending each result to the 'out' iterator. Returns the final value
+// of 'out'.
+template <typename Tuple, typename Func, typename OutIter>
+OutIter TransformTupleValues(Func f, const Tuple& t, OutIter out) {
+  return TransformTupleValuesHelper<Tuple, Func, OutIter>::Run(f, t, out);
+}
 
 // Implements A<T>().
 template <typename T>
 class AnyMatcherImpl : public MatcherInterface<T> {
  public:
   virtual bool MatchAndExplain(
       T /* x */, MatchResultListener* /* listener */) const { return true; }
   virtual void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const { *os << "is anything"; }
@@ -689,90 +882,133 @@ class AnythingMatcher {
 // Implements a matcher that compares a given value with a
 // pre-supplied value using one of the ==, <=, <, etc, operators.  The
 // two values being compared don't have to have the same type.
 //
 // The matcher defined here is polymorphic (for example, Eq(5) can be
 // used to match an int, a short, a double, etc).  Therefore we use
 // a template type conversion operator in the implementation.
 //
-// We define this as a macro in order to eliminate duplicated source
-// code.
-//
 // The following template definition assumes that the Rhs parameter is
 // a "bare" type (i.e. neither 'const T' nor 'T&').
-#define GMOCK_IMPLEMENT_COMPARISON_MATCHER_( \
-    name, op, relation, negated_relation) \
-  template <typename Rhs> class name##Matcher { \
-   public: \
-    explicit name##Matcher(const Rhs& rhs) : rhs_(rhs) {} \
-    template <typename Lhs> \
-    operator Matcher<Lhs>() const { \
-      return MakeMatcher(new Impl<Lhs>(rhs_)); \
-    } \
-   private: \
-    template <typename Lhs> \
-    class Impl : public MatcherInterface<Lhs> { \
-     public: \
-      explicit Impl(const Rhs& rhs) : rhs_(rhs) {} \
-      virtual bool MatchAndExplain(\
-          Lhs lhs, MatchResultListener* /* listener */) const { \
-        return lhs op rhs_; \
-      } \
-      virtual void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const { \
-        *os << relation  " "; \
-        UniversalPrint(rhs_, os); \
-      } \
-      virtual void DescribeNegationTo(::std::ostream* os) const { \
-        *os << negated_relation  " "; \
-        UniversalPrint(rhs_, os); \
-      } \
-     private: \
-      Rhs rhs_; \
-      GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(Impl); \
-    }; \
-    Rhs rhs_; \
-    GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(name##Matcher); \
+template <typename D, typename Rhs, typename Op>
+class ComparisonBase {
+ public:
+  explicit ComparisonBase(const Rhs& rhs) : rhs_(rhs) {}
+  template <typename Lhs>
+  operator Matcher<Lhs>() const {
+    return MakeMatcher(new Impl<Lhs>(rhs_));
   }
 
-// Implements Eq(v), Ge(v), Gt(v), Le(v), Lt(v), and Ne(v)
-// respectively.
-GMOCK_IMPLEMENT_COMPARISON_MATCHER_(Eq, ==, "is equal to", "isn't equal to");
-GMOCK_IMPLEMENT_COMPARISON_MATCHER_(Ge, >=, "is >=", "isn't >=");
-GMOCK_IMPLEMENT_COMPARISON_MATCHER_(Gt, >, "is >", "isn't >");
-GMOCK_IMPLEMENT_COMPARISON_MATCHER_(Le, <=, "is <=", "isn't <=");
-GMOCK_IMPLEMENT_COMPARISON_MATCHER_(Lt, <, "is <", "isn't <");
-GMOCK_IMPLEMENT_COMPARISON_MATCHER_(Ne, !=, "isn't equal to", "is equal to");
-
-#undef GMOCK_IMPLEMENT_COMPARISON_MATCHER_
+ private:
+  template <typename Lhs>
+  class Impl : public MatcherInterface<Lhs> {
+   public:
+    explicit Impl(const Rhs& rhs) : rhs_(rhs) {}
+    virtual bool MatchAndExplain(
+        Lhs lhs, MatchResultListener* /* listener */) const {
+      return Op()(lhs, rhs_);
+    }
+    virtual void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const {
+      *os << D::Desc() << " ";
+      UniversalPrint(rhs_, os);
+    }
+    virtual void DescribeNegationTo(::std::ostream* os) const {
+      *os << D::NegatedDesc() <<  " ";
+      UniversalPrint(rhs_, os);
+    }
+   private:
+    Rhs rhs_;
+    GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(Impl);
+  };
+  Rhs rhs_;
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(ComparisonBase);
+};
+
+template <typename Rhs>
+class EqMatcher : public ComparisonBase<EqMatcher<Rhs>, Rhs, AnyEq> {
+ public:
+  explicit EqMatcher(const Rhs& rhs)
+      : ComparisonBase<EqMatcher<Rhs>, Rhs, AnyEq>(rhs) { }
+  static const char* Desc() { return "is equal to"; }
+  static const char* NegatedDesc() { return "isn't equal to"; }
+};
+template <typename Rhs>
+class NeMatcher : public ComparisonBase<NeMatcher<Rhs>, Rhs, AnyNe> {
+ public:
+  explicit NeMatcher(const Rhs& rhs)
+      : ComparisonBase<NeMatcher<Rhs>, Rhs, AnyNe>(rhs) { }
+  static const char* Desc() { return "isn't equal to"; }
+  static const char* NegatedDesc() { return "is equal to"; }
+};
+template <typename Rhs>
+class LtMatcher : public ComparisonBase<LtMatcher<Rhs>, Rhs, AnyLt> {
+ public:
+  explicit LtMatcher(const Rhs& rhs)
+      : ComparisonBase<LtMatcher<Rhs>, Rhs, AnyLt>(rhs) { }
+  static const char* Desc() { return "is <"; }
+  static const char* NegatedDesc() { return "isn't <"; }
+};
+template <typename Rhs>
+class GtMatcher : public ComparisonBase<GtMatcher<Rhs>, Rhs, AnyGt> {
+ public:
+  explicit GtMatcher(const Rhs& rhs)
+      : ComparisonBase<GtMatcher<Rhs>, Rhs, AnyGt>(rhs) { }
+  static const char* Desc() { return "is >"; }
+  static const char* NegatedDesc() { return "isn't >"; }
+};
+template <typename Rhs>
+class LeMatcher : public ComparisonBase<LeMatcher<Rhs>, Rhs, AnyLe> {
+ public:
+  explicit LeMatcher(const Rhs& rhs)
+      : ComparisonBase<LeMatcher<Rhs>, Rhs, AnyLe>(rhs) { }
+  static const char* Desc() { return "is <="; }
+  static const char* NegatedDesc() { return "isn't <="; }
+};
+template <typename Rhs>
+class GeMatcher : public ComparisonBase<GeMatcher<Rhs>, Rhs, AnyGe> {
+ public:
+  explicit GeMatcher(const Rhs& rhs)
+      : ComparisonBase<GeMatcher<Rhs>, Rhs, AnyGe>(rhs) { }
+  static const char* Desc() { return "is >="; }
+  static const char* NegatedDesc() { return "isn't >="; }
+};
 
 // Implements the polymorphic IsNull() matcher, which matches any raw or smart
 // pointer that is NULL.
 class IsNullMatcher {
  public:
   template <typename Pointer>
   bool MatchAndExplain(const Pointer& p,
                        MatchResultListener* /* listener */) const {
+#if GTEST_LANG_CXX11
+    return p == nullptr;
+#else  // GTEST_LANG_CXX11
     return GetRawPointer(p) == NULL;
+#endif  // GTEST_LANG_CXX11
   }
 
   void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const { *os << "is NULL"; }
   void DescribeNegationTo(::std::ostream* os) const {
     *os << "isn't NULL";
   }
 };
 
 // Implements the polymorphic NotNull() matcher, which matches any raw or smart
 // pointer that is not NULL.
 class NotNullMatcher {
  public:
   template <typename Pointer>
   bool MatchAndExplain(const Pointer& p,
                        MatchResultListener* /* listener */) const {
+#if GTEST_LANG_CXX11
+    return p != nullptr;
+#else  // GTEST_LANG_CXX11
     return GetRawPointer(p) != NULL;
+#endif  // GTEST_LANG_CXX11
   }
 
   void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const { *os << "isn't NULL"; }
   void DescribeNegationTo(::std::ostream* os) const {
     *os << "is NULL";
   }
 };
 
@@ -884,36 +1120,43 @@ bool CaseInsensitiveStringEquals(const S
 }
 
 // String matchers.
 
 // Implements equality-based string matchers like StrEq, StrCaseNe, and etc.
 template <typename StringType>
 class StrEqualityMatcher {
  public:
-  typedef typename StringType::const_pointer ConstCharPointer;
-
   StrEqualityMatcher(const StringType& str, bool expect_eq,
                      bool case_sensitive)
       : string_(str), expect_eq_(expect_eq), case_sensitive_(case_sensitive) {}
 
-  // When expect_eq_ is true, returns true iff s is equal to string_;
-  // otherwise returns true iff s is not equal to string_.
-  bool MatchAndExplain(ConstCharPointer s,
-                       MatchResultListener* listener) const {
+  // Accepts pointer types, particularly:
+  //   const char*
+  //   char*
+  //   const wchar_t*
+  //   wchar_t*
+  template <typename CharType>
+  bool MatchAndExplain(CharType* s, MatchResultListener* listener) const {
     if (s == NULL) {
       return !expect_eq_;
     }
     return MatchAndExplain(StringType(s), listener);
   }
 
-  bool MatchAndExplain(const StringType& s,
+  // Matches anything that can convert to StringType.
+  //
+  // This is a template, not just a plain function with const StringType&,
+  // because StringPiece has some interfering non-explicit constructors.
+  template <typename MatcheeStringType>
+  bool MatchAndExplain(const MatcheeStringType& s,
                        MatchResultListener* /* listener */) const {
-    const bool eq = case_sensitive_ ? s == string_ :
-        CaseInsensitiveStringEquals(s, string_);
+    const StringType& s2(s);
+    const bool eq = case_sensitive_ ? s2 == string_ :
+        CaseInsensitiveStringEquals(s2, string_);
     return expect_eq_ == eq;
   }
 
   void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const {
     DescribeToHelper(expect_eq_, os);
   }
 
   void DescribeNegationTo(::std::ostream* os) const {
@@ -938,32 +1181,38 @@ class StrEqualityMatcher {
 };
 
 // Implements the polymorphic HasSubstr(substring) matcher, which
 // can be used as a Matcher<T> as long as T can be converted to a
 // string.
 template <typename StringType>
 class HasSubstrMatcher {
  public:
-  typedef typename StringType::const_pointer ConstCharPointer;
-
   explicit HasSubstrMatcher(const StringType& substring)
       : substring_(substring) {}
 
-  // These overloaded methods allow HasSubstr(substring) to be used as a
-  // Matcher<T> as long as T can be converted to string.  Returns true
-  // iff s contains substring_ as a substring.
-  bool MatchAndExplain(ConstCharPointer s,
-                       MatchResultListener* listener) const {
+  // Accepts pointer types, particularly:
+  //   const char*
+  //   char*
+  //   const wchar_t*
+  //   wchar_t*
+  template <typename CharType>
+  bool MatchAndExplain(CharType* s, MatchResultListener* listener) const {
     return s != NULL && MatchAndExplain(StringType(s), listener);
   }
 
-  bool MatchAndExplain(const StringType& s,
+  // Matches anything that can convert to StringType.
+  //
+  // This is a template, not just a plain function with const StringType&,
+  // because StringPiece has some interfering non-explicit constructors.
+  template <typename MatcheeStringType>
+  bool MatchAndExplain(const MatcheeStringType& s,
                        MatchResultListener* /* listener */) const {
-    return s.find(substring_) != StringType::npos;
+    const StringType& s2(s);
+    return s2.find(substring_) != StringType::npos;
   }
 
   // Describes what this matcher matches.
   void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const {
     *os << "has substring ";
     UniversalPrint(substring_, os);
   }
 
@@ -979,33 +1228,39 @@ class HasSubstrMatcher {
 };
 
 // Implements the polymorphic StartsWith(substring) matcher, which
 // can be used as a Matcher<T> as long as T can be converted to a
 // string.
 template <typename StringType>
 class StartsWithMatcher {
  public:
-  typedef typename StringType::const_pointer ConstCharPointer;
-
   explicit StartsWithMatcher(const StringType& prefix) : prefix_(prefix) {
   }
 
-  // These overloaded methods allow StartsWith(prefix) to be used as a
-  // Matcher<T> as long as T can be converted to string.  Returns true
-  // iff s starts with prefix_.
-  bool MatchAndExplain(ConstCharPointer s,
-                       MatchResultListener* listener) const {
+  // Accepts pointer types, particularly:
+  //   const char*
+  //   char*
+  //   const wchar_t*
+  //   wchar_t*
+  template <typename CharType>
+  bool MatchAndExplain(CharType* s, MatchResultListener* listener) const {
     return s != NULL && MatchAndExplain(StringType(s), listener);
   }
 
-  bool MatchAndExplain(const StringType& s,
+  // Matches anything that can convert to StringType.
+  //
+  // This is a template, not just a plain function with const StringType&,
+  // because StringPiece has some interfering non-explicit constructors.
+  template <typename MatcheeStringType>
+  bool MatchAndExplain(const MatcheeStringType& s,
                        MatchResultListener* /* listener */) const {
-    return s.length() >= prefix_.length() &&
-        s.substr(0, prefix_.length()) == prefix_;
+    const StringType& s2(s);
+    return s2.length() >= prefix_.length() &&
+        s2.substr(0, prefix_.length()) == prefix_;
   }
 
   void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const {
     *os << "starts with ";
     UniversalPrint(prefix_, os);
   }
 
   void DescribeNegationTo(::std::ostream* os) const {
@@ -1020,32 +1275,38 @@ class StartsWithMatcher {
 };
 
 // Implements the polymorphic EndsWith(substring) matcher, which
 // can be used as a Matcher<T> as long as T can be converted to a
 // string.
 template <typename StringType>
 class EndsWithMatcher {
  public:
-  typedef typename StringType::const_pointer ConstCharPointer;
-
   explicit EndsWithMatcher(const StringType& suffix) : suffix_(suffix) {}
 
-  // These overloaded methods allow EndsWith(suffix) to be used as a
-  // Matcher<T> as long as T can be converted to string.  Returns true
-  // iff s ends with suffix_.
-  bool MatchAndExplain(ConstCharPointer s,
-                       MatchResultListener* listener) const {
+  // Accepts pointer types, particularly:
+  //   const char*
+  //   char*
+  //   const wchar_t*
+  //   wchar_t*
+  template <typename CharType>
+  bool MatchAndExplain(CharType* s, MatchResultListener* listener) const {
     return s != NULL && MatchAndExplain(StringType(s), listener);
   }
 
-  bool MatchAndExplain(const StringType& s,
+  // Matches anything that can convert to StringType.
+  //
+  // This is a template, not just a plain function with const StringType&,
+  // because StringPiece has some interfering non-explicit constructors.
+  template <typename MatcheeStringType>
+  bool MatchAndExplain(const MatcheeStringType& s,
                        MatchResultListener* /* listener */) const {
-    return s.length() >= suffix_.length() &&
-        s.substr(s.length() - suffix_.length()) == suffix_;
+    const StringType& s2(s);
+    return s2.length() >= suffix_.length() &&
+        s2.substr(s2.length() - suffix_.length()) == suffix_;
   }
 
   void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const {
     *os << "ends with ";
     UniversalPrint(suffix_, os);
   }
 
   void DescribeNegationTo(::std::ostream* os) const {
@@ -1062,29 +1323,36 @@ class EndsWithMatcher {
 // Implements polymorphic matchers MatchesRegex(regex) and
 // ContainsRegex(regex), which can be used as a Matcher<T> as long as
 // T can be converted to a string.
 class MatchesRegexMatcher {
  public:
   MatchesRegexMatcher(const RE* regex, bool full_match)
       : regex_(regex), full_match_(full_match) {}
 
-  // These overloaded methods allow MatchesRegex(regex) to be used as
-  // a Matcher<T> as long as T can be converted to string.  Returns
-  // true iff s matches regular expression regex.  When full_match_ is
-  // true, a full match is done; otherwise a partial match is done.
-  bool MatchAndExplain(const char* s,
-                       MatchResultListener* listener) const {
+  // Accepts pointer types, particularly:
+  //   const char*
+  //   char*
+  //   const wchar_t*
+  //   wchar_t*
+  template <typename CharType>
+  bool MatchAndExplain(CharType* s, MatchResultListener* listener) const {
     return s != NULL && MatchAndExplain(internal::string(s), listener);
   }
 
-  bool MatchAndExplain(const internal::string& s,
+  // Matches anything that can convert to internal::string.
+  //
+  // This is a template, not just a plain function with const internal::string&,
+  // because StringPiece has some interfering non-explicit constructors.
+  template <class MatcheeStringType>
+  bool MatchAndExplain(const MatcheeStringType& s,
                        MatchResultListener* /* listener */) const {
-    return full_match_ ? RE::FullMatch(s, *regex_) :
-        RE::PartialMatch(s, *regex_);
+    const internal::string& s2(s);
+    return full_match_ ? RE::FullMatch(s2, *regex_) :
+        RE::PartialMatch(s2, *regex_);
   }
 
   void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const {
     *os << (full_match_ ? "matches" : "contains")
         << " regular expression ";
     UniversalPrinter<internal::string>::Print(regex_->pattern(), os);
   }
 
@@ -1104,61 +1372,74 @@ class MatchesRegexMatcher {
 // Implements a matcher that compares the two fields of a 2-tuple
 // using one of the ==, <=, <, etc, operators.  The two fields being
 // compared don't have to have the same type.
 //
 // The matcher defined here is polymorphic (for example, Eq() can be
 // used to match a tuple<int, short>, a tuple<const long&, double>,
 // etc).  Therefore we use a template type conversion operator in the
 // implementation.
-//
-// We define this as a macro in order to eliminate duplicated source
-// code.
-#define GMOCK_IMPLEMENT_COMPARISON2_MATCHER_(name, op, relation) \
-  class name##2Matcher { \
-   public: \
-    template <typename T1, typename T2> \
-    operator Matcher< ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2> >() const { \
-      return MakeMatcher(new Impl< ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2> >); \
-    } \
-    template <typename T1, typename T2> \
-    operator Matcher<const ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2>&>() const { \
-      return MakeMatcher(new Impl<const ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2>&>); \
-    } \
-   private: \
-    template <typename Tuple> \
-    class Impl : public MatcherInterface<Tuple> { \
-     public: \
-      virtual bool MatchAndExplain( \
-          Tuple args, \
-          MatchResultListener* /* listener */) const { \
-        return ::std::tr1::get<0>(args) op ::std::tr1::get<1>(args); \
-      } \
-      virtual void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const { \
-        *os << "are " relation;                                 \
-      } \
-      virtual void DescribeNegationTo(::std::ostream* os) const { \
-        *os << "aren't " relation; \
-      } \
-    }; \
+template <typename D, typename Op>
+class PairMatchBase {
+ public:
+  template <typename T1, typename T2>
+  operator Matcher< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2> >() const {
+    return MakeMatcher(new Impl< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2> >);
+  }
+  template <typename T1, typename T2>
+  operator Matcher<const ::testing::tuple<T1, T2>&>() const {
+    return MakeMatcher(new Impl<const ::testing::tuple<T1, T2>&>);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  static ::std::ostream& GetDesc(::std::ostream& os) {  // NOLINT
+    return os << D::Desc();
   }
 
-// Implements Eq(), Ge(), Gt(), Le(), Lt(), and Ne() respectively.
-GMOCK_IMPLEMENT_COMPARISON2_MATCHER_(Eq, ==, "an equal pair");
-GMOCK_IMPLEMENT_COMPARISON2_MATCHER_(
-    Ge, >=, "a pair where the first >= the second");
-GMOCK_IMPLEMENT_COMPARISON2_MATCHER_(
-    Gt, >, "a pair where the first > the second");
-GMOCK_IMPLEMENT_COMPARISON2_MATCHER_(
-    Le, <=, "a pair where the first <= the second");
-GMOCK_IMPLEMENT_COMPARISON2_MATCHER_(
-    Lt, <, "a pair where the first < the second");
-GMOCK_IMPLEMENT_COMPARISON2_MATCHER_(Ne, !=, "an unequal pair");
-
-#undef GMOCK_IMPLEMENT_COMPARISON2_MATCHER_
+  template <typename Tuple>
+  class Impl : public MatcherInterface<Tuple> {
+   public:
+    virtual bool MatchAndExplain(
+        Tuple args,
+        MatchResultListener* /* listener */) const {
+      return Op()(::testing::get<0>(args), ::testing::get<1>(args));
+    }
+    virtual void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const {
+      *os << "are " << GetDesc;
+    }
+    virtual void DescribeNegationTo(::std::ostream* os) const {
+      *os << "aren't " << GetDesc;
+    }
+  };
+};
+
+class Eq2Matcher : public PairMatchBase<Eq2Matcher, AnyEq> {
+ public:
+  static const char* Desc() { return "an equal pair"; }
+};
+class Ne2Matcher : public PairMatchBase<Ne2Matcher, AnyNe> {
+ public:
+  static const char* Desc() { return "an unequal pair"; }
+};
+class Lt2Matcher : public PairMatchBase<Lt2Matcher, AnyLt> {
+ public:
+  static const char* Desc() { return "a pair where the first < the second"; }
+};
+class Gt2Matcher : public PairMatchBase<Gt2Matcher, AnyGt> {
+ public:
+  static const char* Desc() { return "a pair where the first > the second"; }
+};
+class Le2Matcher : public PairMatchBase<Le2Matcher, AnyLe> {
+ public:
+  static const char* Desc() { return "a pair where the first <= the second"; }
+};
+class Ge2Matcher : public PairMatchBase<Ge2Matcher, AnyGe> {
+ public:
+  static const char* Desc() { return "a pair where the first >= the second"; }
+};
 
 // Implements the Not(...) matcher for a particular argument type T.
 // We do not nest it inside the NotMatcher class template, as that
 // will prevent different instantiations of NotMatcher from sharing
 // the same NotMatcherImpl<T> class.
 template <typename T>
 class NotMatcherImpl : public MatcherInterface<T> {
  public:
@@ -1261,16 +1542,101 @@ class BothOfMatcherImpl : public Matcher
 
  private:
   const Matcher<T> matcher1_;
   const Matcher<T> matcher2_;
 
   GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(BothOfMatcherImpl);
 };
 
+#if GTEST_LANG_CXX11
+// MatcherList provides mechanisms for storing a variable number of matchers in
+// a list structure (ListType) and creating a combining matcher from such a
+// list.
+// The template is defined recursively using the following template paramters:
+//   * kSize is the length of the MatcherList.
+//   * Head is the type of the first matcher of the list.
+//   * Tail denotes the types of the remaining matchers of the list.
+template <int kSize, typename Head, typename... Tail>
+struct MatcherList {
+  typedef MatcherList<kSize - 1, Tail...> MatcherListTail;
+  typedef ::std::pair<Head, typename MatcherListTail::ListType> ListType;
+
+  // BuildList stores variadic type values in a nested pair structure.
+  // Example:
+  // MatcherList<3, int, string, float>::BuildList(5, "foo", 2.0) will return
+  // the corresponding result of type pair<int, pair<string, float>>.
+  static ListType BuildList(const Head& matcher, const Tail&... tail) {
+    return ListType(matcher, MatcherListTail::BuildList(tail...));
+  }
+
+  // CreateMatcher<T> creates a Matcher<T> from a given list of matchers (built
+  // by BuildList()). CombiningMatcher<T> is used to combine the matchers of the
+  // list. CombiningMatcher<T> must implement MatcherInterface<T> and have a
+  // constructor taking two Matcher<T>s as input.
+  template <typename T, template <typename /* T */> class CombiningMatcher>
+  static Matcher<T> CreateMatcher(const ListType& matchers) {
+    return Matcher<T>(new CombiningMatcher<T>(
+        SafeMatcherCast<T>(matchers.first),
+        MatcherListTail::template CreateMatcher<T, CombiningMatcher>(
+            matchers.second)));
+  }
+};
+
+// The following defines the base case for the recursive definition of
+// MatcherList.
+template <typename Matcher1, typename Matcher2>
+struct MatcherList<2, Matcher1, Matcher2> {
+  typedef ::std::pair<Matcher1, Matcher2> ListType;
+
+  static ListType BuildList(const Matcher1& matcher1,
+                            const Matcher2& matcher2) {
+    return ::std::pair<Matcher1, Matcher2>(matcher1, matcher2);
+  }
+
+  template <typename T, template <typename /* T */> class CombiningMatcher>
+  static Matcher<T> CreateMatcher(const ListType& matchers) {
+    return Matcher<T>(new CombiningMatcher<T>(
+        SafeMatcherCast<T>(matchers.first),
+        SafeMatcherCast<T>(matchers.second)));
+  }
+};
+
+// VariadicMatcher is used for the variadic implementation of
+// AllOf(m_1, m_2, ...) and AnyOf(m_1, m_2, ...).
+// CombiningMatcher<T> is used to recursively combine the provided matchers
+// (of type Args...).
+template <template <typename T> class CombiningMatcher, typename... Args>
+class VariadicMatcher {
+ public:
+  VariadicMatcher(const Args&... matchers)  // NOLINT
+      : matchers_(MatcherListType::BuildList(matchers...)) {}
+
+  // This template type conversion operator allows an
+  // VariadicMatcher<Matcher1, Matcher2...> object to match any type that
+  // all of the provided matchers (Matcher1, Matcher2, ...) can match.
+  template <typename T>
+  operator Matcher<T>() const {
+    return MatcherListType::template CreateMatcher<T, CombiningMatcher>(
+        matchers_);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  typedef MatcherList<sizeof...(Args), Args...> MatcherListType;
+
+  const typename MatcherListType::ListType matchers_;
+
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(VariadicMatcher);
+};
+
+template <typename... Args>
+using AllOfMatcher = VariadicMatcher<BothOfMatcherImpl, Args...>;
+
+#endif  // GTEST_LANG_CXX11
+
 // Used for implementing the AllOf(m_1, ..., m_n) matcher, which
 // matches a value that matches all of the matchers m_1, ..., and m_n.
 template <typename Matcher1, typename Matcher2>
 class BothOfMatcher {
  public:
   BothOfMatcher(Matcher1 matcher1, Matcher2 matcher2)
       : matcher1_(matcher1), matcher2_(matcher2) {}
 
@@ -1348,16 +1714,23 @@ class EitherOfMatcherImpl : public Match
 
  private:
   const Matcher<T> matcher1_;
   const Matcher<T> matcher2_;
 
   GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(EitherOfMatcherImpl);
 };
 
+#if GTEST_LANG_CXX11
+// AnyOfMatcher is used for the variadic implementation of AnyOf(m_1, m_2, ...).
+template <typename... Args>
+using AnyOfMatcher = VariadicMatcher<EitherOfMatcherImpl, Args...>;
+
+#endif  // GTEST_LANG_CXX11
+
 // Used for implementing the AnyOf(m_1, ..., m_n) matcher, which
 // matches a value that matches at least one of the matchers m_1, ...,
 // and m_n.
 template <typename Matcher1, typename Matcher2>
 class EitherOfMatcher {
  public:
   EitherOfMatcher(Matcher1 matcher1, Matcher2 matcher2)
       : matcher1_(matcher1), matcher2_(matcher2) {}
@@ -1455,33 +1828,35 @@ class MatcherAsPredicate {
   GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(MatcherAsPredicate);
 };
 
 // For implementing ASSERT_THAT() and EXPECT_THAT().  The template
 // argument M must be a type that can be converted to a matcher.
 template <typename M>
 class PredicateFormatterFromMatcher {
  public:
-  explicit PredicateFormatterFromMatcher(const M& m) : matcher_(m) {}
+  explicit PredicateFormatterFromMatcher(M m) : matcher_(internal::move(m)) {}
 
   // This template () operator allows a PredicateFormatterFromMatcher
   // object to act as a predicate-formatter suitable for using with
   // Google Test's EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT1() macro.
   template <typename T>
   AssertionResult operator()(const char* value_text, const T& x) const {
     // We convert matcher_ to a Matcher<const T&> *now* instead of
     // when the PredicateFormatterFromMatcher object was constructed,
     // as matcher_ may be polymorphic (e.g. NotNull()) and we won't
     // know which type to instantiate it to until we actually see the
     // type of x here.
     //
-    // We write MatcherCast<const T&>(matcher_) instead of
+    // We write SafeMatcherCast<const T&>(matcher_) instead of
     // Matcher<const T&>(matcher_), as the latter won't compile when
     // matcher_ has type Matcher<T> (e.g. An<int>()).
-    const Matcher<const T&> matcher = MatcherCast<const T&>(matcher_);
+    // We don't write MatcherCast<const T&> either, as that allows
+    // potentially unsafe downcasting of the matcher argument.
+    const Matcher<const T&> matcher = SafeMatcherCast<const T&>(matcher_);
     StringMatchResultListener listener;
     if (MatchPrintAndExplain(x, matcher, &listener))
       return AssertionSuccess();
 
     ::std::stringstream ss;
     ss << "Value of: " << value_text << "\n"
        << "Expected: ";
     matcher.DescribeTo(&ss);
@@ -1493,117 +1868,176 @@ class PredicateFormatterFromMatcher {
   const M matcher_;
 
   GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(PredicateFormatterFromMatcher);
 };
 
 // A helper function for converting a matcher to a predicate-formatter
 // without the user needing to explicitly write the type.  This is
 // used for implementing ASSERT_THAT() and EXPECT_THAT().
+// Implementation detail: 'matcher' is received by-value to force decaying.
 template <typename M>
 inline PredicateFormatterFromMatcher<M>
-MakePredicateFormatterFromMatcher(const M& matcher) {
-  return PredicateFormatterFromMatcher<M>(matcher);
+MakePredicateFormatterFromMatcher(M matcher) {
+  return PredicateFormatterFromMatcher<M>(internal::move(matcher));
 }
 
-// Implements the polymorphic floating point equality matcher, which
-// matches two float values using ULP-based approximation.  The
-// template is meant to be instantiated with FloatType being either
-// float or double.
+// Implements the polymorphic floating point equality matcher, which matches
+// two float values using ULP-based approximation or, optionally, a
+// user-specified epsilon.  The template is meant to be instantiated with
+// FloatType being either float or double.
 template <typename FloatType>
 class FloatingEqMatcher {
  public:
   // Constructor for FloatingEqMatcher.
-  // The matcher's input will be compared with rhs.  The matcher treats two
+  // The matcher's input will be compared with expected.  The matcher treats two
   // NANs as equal if nan_eq_nan is true.  Otherwise, under IEEE standards,
-  // equality comparisons between NANs will always return false.
-  FloatingEqMatcher(FloatType rhs, bool nan_eq_nan) :
-    rhs_(rhs), nan_eq_nan_(nan_eq_nan) {}
+  // equality comparisons between NANs will always return false.  We specify a
+  // negative max_abs_error_ term to indicate that ULP-based approximation will
+  // be used for comparison.
+  FloatingEqMatcher(FloatType expected, bool nan_eq_nan) :
+    expected_(expected), nan_eq_nan_(nan_eq_nan), max_abs_error_(-1) {
+  }
+
+  // Constructor that supports a user-specified max_abs_error that will be used
+  // for comparison instead of ULP-based approximation.  The max absolute
+  // should be non-negative.
+  FloatingEqMatcher(FloatType expected, bool nan_eq_nan,
+                    FloatType max_abs_error)
+      : expected_(expected),
+        nan_eq_nan_(nan_eq_nan),
+        max_abs_error_(max_abs_error) {
+    GTEST_CHECK_(max_abs_error >= 0)
+        << ", where max_abs_error is" << max_abs_error;
+  }
 
   // Implements floating point equality matcher as a Matcher<T>.
   template <typename T>
   class Impl : public MatcherInterface<T> {
    public:
-    Impl(FloatType rhs, bool nan_eq_nan) :
-      rhs_(rhs), nan_eq_nan_(nan_eq_nan) {}
+    Impl(FloatType expected, bool nan_eq_nan, FloatType max_abs_error)
+        : expected_(expected),
+          nan_eq_nan_(nan_eq_nan),
+          max_abs_error_(max_abs_error) {}
 
     virtual bool MatchAndExplain(T value,
-                                 MatchResultListener* /* listener */) const {
-      const FloatingPoint<FloatType> lhs(value), rhs(rhs_);
+                                 MatchResultListener* listener) const {
+      const FloatingPoint<FloatType> actual(value), expected(expected_);
 
       // Compares NaNs first, if nan_eq_nan_ is true.
-      if (nan_eq_nan_ && lhs.is_nan()) {
-        return rhs.is_nan();
+      if (actual.is_nan() || expected.is_nan()) {
+        if (actual.is_nan() && expected.is_nan()) {
+          return nan_eq_nan_;
+        }
+        // One is nan; the other is not nan.
+        return false;
       }
-
-      return lhs.AlmostEquals(rhs);
+      if (HasMaxAbsError()) {
+        // We perform an equality check so that inf will match inf, regardless
+        // of error bounds.  If the result of value - expected_ would result in
+        // overflow or if either value is inf, the default result is infinity,
+        // which should only match if max_abs_error_ is also infinity.
+        if (value == expected_) {
+          return true;
+        }
+
+        const FloatType diff = value - expected_;
+        if (fabs(diff) <= max_abs_error_) {
+          return true;
+        }
+
+        if (listener->IsInterested()) {
+          *listener << "which is " << diff << " from " << expected_;
+        }
+        return false;
+      } else {
+        return actual.AlmostEquals(expected);
+      }
     }
 
     virtual void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const {
       // os->precision() returns the previously set precision, which we
       // store to restore the ostream to its original configuration
       // after outputting.
       const ::std::streamsize old_precision = os->precision(
           ::std::numeric_limits<FloatType>::digits10 + 2);
-      if (FloatingPoint<FloatType>(rhs_).is_nan()) {
+      if (FloatingPoint<FloatType>(expected_).is_nan()) {
         if (nan_eq_nan_) {
           *os << "is NaN";
         } else {
           *os << "never matches";
         }
       } else {
-        *os << "is approximately " << rhs_;
+        *os << "is approximately " << expected_;
+        if (HasMaxAbsError()) {
+          *os << " (absolute error <= " << max_abs_error_ << ")";
+        }
       }
       os->precision(old_precision);
     }
 
     virtual void DescribeNegationTo(::std::ostream* os) const {
       // As before, get original precision.
       const ::std::streamsize old_precision = os->precision(
           ::std::numeric_limits<FloatType>::digits10 + 2);
-      if (FloatingPoint<FloatType>(rhs_).is_nan()) {
+      if (FloatingPoint<FloatType>(expected_).is_nan()) {
         if (nan_eq_nan_) {
           *os << "isn't NaN";
         } else {
           *os << "is anything";
         }
       } else {
-        *os << "isn't approximately " << rhs_;
+        *os << "isn't approximately " << expected_;
+        if (HasMaxAbsError()) {
+          *os << " (absolute error > " << max_abs_error_ << ")";
+        }
       }
       // Restore original precision.
       os->precision(old_precision);
     }
 
    private:
-    const FloatType rhs_;
+    bool HasMaxAbsError() const {
+      return max_abs_error_ >= 0;
+    }
+
+    const FloatType expected_;
     const bool nan_eq_nan_;
+    // max_abs_error will be used for value comparison when >= 0.
+    const FloatType max_abs_error_;
 
     GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(Impl);
   };
 
-  // The following 3 type conversion operators allow FloatEq(rhs) and
-  // NanSensitiveFloatEq(rhs) to be used as a Matcher<float>, a
+  // The following 3 type conversion operators allow FloatEq(expected) and
+  // NanSensitiveFloatEq(expected) to be used as a Matcher<float>, a
   // Matcher<const float&>, or a Matcher<float&>, but nothing else.
   // (While Google's C++ coding style doesn't allow arguments passed
   // by non-const reference, we may see them in code not conforming to
   // the style.  Therefore Google Mock needs to support them.)
   operator Matcher<FloatType>() const {
-    return MakeMatcher(new Impl<FloatType>(rhs_, nan_eq_nan_));
+    return MakeMatcher(
+        new Impl<FloatType>(expected_, nan_eq_nan_, max_abs_error_));
   }
 
   operator Matcher<const FloatType&>() const {
-    return MakeMatcher(new Impl<const FloatType&>(rhs_, nan_eq_nan_));
+    return MakeMatcher(
+        new Impl<const FloatType&>(expected_, nan_eq_nan_, max_abs_error_));
   }
 
   operator Matcher<FloatType&>() const {
-    return MakeMatcher(new Impl<FloatType&>(rhs_, nan_eq_nan_));
+    return MakeMatcher(
+        new Impl<FloatType&>(expected_, nan_eq_nan_, max_abs_error_));
   }
+
  private:
-  const FloatType rhs_;
+  const FloatType expected_;
   const bool nan_eq_nan_;
+  // max_abs_error will be used for value comparison when >= 0.
+  const FloatType max_abs_error_;
 
   GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(FloatingEqMatcher);
 };
 
 // Implements the Pointee(m) matcher for matching a pointer whose
 // pointee matches matcher m.  The pointer can be either raw or smart.
 template <typename InnerMatcher>
 class PointeeMatcher {
@@ -1659,16 +2093,93 @@ class PointeeMatcher {
     GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(Impl);
   };
 
   const InnerMatcher matcher_;
 
   GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(PointeeMatcher);
 };
 
+// Implements the WhenDynamicCastTo<T>(m) matcher that matches a pointer or
+// reference that matches inner_matcher when dynamic_cast<T> is applied.
+// The result of dynamic_cast<To> is forwarded to the inner matcher.
+// If To is a pointer and the cast fails, the inner matcher will receive NULL.
+// If To is a reference and the cast fails, this matcher returns false
+// immediately.
+template <typename To>
+class WhenDynamicCastToMatcherBase {
+ public:
+  explicit WhenDynamicCastToMatcherBase(const Matcher<To>& matcher)
+      : matcher_(matcher) {}
+
+  void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const {
+    GetCastTypeDescription(os);
+    matcher_.DescribeTo(os);
+  }
+
+  void DescribeNegationTo(::std::ostream* os) const {
+    GetCastTypeDescription(os);
+    matcher_.DescribeNegationTo(os);
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  const Matcher<To> matcher_;
+
+  static string GetToName() {
+#if GTEST_HAS_RTTI
+    return GetTypeName<To>();
+#else  // GTEST_HAS_RTTI
+    return "the target type";
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_RTTI
+  }
+
+ private:
+  static void GetCastTypeDescription(::std::ostream* os) {
+    *os << "when dynamic_cast to " << GetToName() << ", ";
+  }
+
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(WhenDynamicCastToMatcherBase);
+};
+
+// Primary template.
+// To is a pointer. Cast and forward the result.
+template <typename To>
+class WhenDynamicCastToMatcher : public WhenDynamicCastToMatcherBase<To> {
+ public:
+  explicit WhenDynamicCastToMatcher(const Matcher<To>& matcher)
+      : WhenDynamicCastToMatcherBase<To>(matcher) {}
+
+  template <typename From>
+  bool MatchAndExplain(From from, MatchResultListener* listener) const {
+    // TODO(sbenza): Add more detail on failures. ie did the dyn_cast fail?
+    To to = dynamic_cast<To>(from);
+    return MatchPrintAndExplain(to, this->matcher_, listener);
+  }
+};
+
+// Specialize for references.
+// In this case we return false if the dynamic_cast fails.
+template <typename To>
+class WhenDynamicCastToMatcher<To&> : public WhenDynamicCastToMatcherBase<To&> {
+ public:
+  explicit WhenDynamicCastToMatcher(const Matcher<To&>& matcher)
+      : WhenDynamicCastToMatcherBase<To&>(matcher) {}
+
+  template <typename From>
+  bool MatchAndExplain(From& from, MatchResultListener* listener) const {
+    // We don't want an std::bad_cast here, so do the cast with pointers.
+    To* to = dynamic_cast<To*>(&from);
+    if (to == NULL) {
+      *listener << "which cannot be dynamic_cast to " << this->GetToName();
+      return false;
+    }
+    return MatchPrintAndExplain(*to, this->matcher_, listener);
+  }
+};
+
 // Implements the Field() matcher for matching a field (i.e. member
 // variable) of an object.
 template <typename Class, typename FieldType>
 class FieldMatcher {
  public:
   FieldMatcher(FieldType Class::*field,
                const Matcher<const FieldType&>& matcher)
       : field_(field), matcher_(matcher) {}
@@ -1756,18 +2267,25 @@ class PropertyMatcher {
   // The first argument of MatchAndExplainImpl() is needed to help
   // Symbian's C++ compiler choose which overload to use.  Its type is
   // true_type iff the Property() matcher is used to match a pointer.
   bool MatchAndExplainImpl(false_type /* is_not_pointer */, const Class& obj,
                            MatchResultListener* listener) const {
     *listener << "whose given property is ";
     // Cannot pass the return value (for example, int) to MatchPrintAndExplain,
     // which takes a non-const reference as argument.
+#if defined(_PREFAST_ ) && _MSC_VER == 1800
+    // Workaround bug in VC++ 2013's /analyze parser.
+    // https://connect.microsoft.com/VisualStudio/feedback/details/1106363/internal-compiler-error-with-analyze-due-to-failure-to-infer-move
+    posix::Abort();  // To make sure it is never run.
+    return false;
+#else
     RefToConstProperty result = (obj.*property_)();
     return MatchPrintAndExplain(result, matcher_, listener);
+#endif
   }
 
   bool MatchAndExplainImpl(true_type /* is_pointer */, const Class* p,
                            MatchResultListener* listener) const {
     if (p == NULL)
       return false;
 
     *listener << "which points to an object ";
@@ -1871,16 +2389,129 @@ class ResultOfMatcher {
   };  // class Impl
 
   const CallableStorageType callable_;
   const Matcher<ResultType> matcher_;
 
   GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(ResultOfMatcher);
 };
 
+// Implements a matcher that checks the size of an STL-style container.
+template <typename SizeMatcher>
+class SizeIsMatcher {
+ public:
+  explicit SizeIsMatcher(const SizeMatcher& size_matcher)
+       : size_matcher_(size_matcher) {
+  }
+
+  template <typename Container>
+  operator Matcher<Container>() const {
+    return MakeMatcher(new Impl<Container>(size_matcher_));
+  }
+
+  template <typename Container>
+  class Impl : public MatcherInterface<Container> {
+   public:
+    typedef internal::StlContainerView<
+         GTEST_REMOVE_REFERENCE_AND_CONST_(Container)> ContainerView;
+    typedef typename ContainerView::type::size_type SizeType;
+    explicit Impl(const SizeMatcher& size_matcher)
+        : size_matcher_(MatcherCast<SizeType>(size_matcher)) {}
+
+    virtual void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const {
+      *os << "size ";
+      size_matcher_.DescribeTo(os);
+    }
+    virtual void DescribeNegationTo(::std::ostream* os) const {
+      *os << "size ";
+      size_matcher_.DescribeNegationTo(os);
+    }
+
+    virtual bool MatchAndExplain(Container container,
+                                 MatchResultListener* listener) const {
+      SizeType size = container.size();
+      StringMatchResultListener size_listener;
+      const bool result = size_matcher_.MatchAndExplain(size, &size_listener);
+      *listener
+          << "whose size " << size << (result ? " matches" : " doesn't match");
+      PrintIfNotEmpty(size_listener.str(), listener->stream());
+      return result;
+    }
+
+   private:
+    const Matcher<SizeType> size_matcher_;
+    GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(Impl);
+  };
+
+ private:
+  const SizeMatcher size_matcher_;
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(SizeIsMatcher);
+};
+
+// Implements a matcher that checks the begin()..end() distance of an STL-style
+// container.
+template <typename DistanceMatcher>
+class BeginEndDistanceIsMatcher {
+ public:
+  explicit BeginEndDistanceIsMatcher(const DistanceMatcher& distance_matcher)
+      : distance_matcher_(distance_matcher) {}
+
+  template <typename Container>
+  operator Matcher<Container>() const {
+    return MakeMatcher(new Impl<Container>(distance_matcher_));
+  }
+
+  template <typename Container>
+  class Impl : public MatcherInterface<Container> {
+   public:
+    typedef internal::StlContainerView<
+        GTEST_REMOVE_REFERENCE_AND_CONST_(Container)> ContainerView;
+    typedef typename std::iterator_traits<
+        typename ContainerView::type::const_iterator>::difference_type
+        DistanceType;
+    explicit Impl(const DistanceMatcher& distance_matcher)
+        : distance_matcher_(MatcherCast<DistanceType>(distance_matcher)) {}
+
+    virtual void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const {
+      *os << "distance between begin() and end() ";
+      distance_matcher_.DescribeTo(os);
+    }
+    virtual void DescribeNegationTo(::std::ostream* os) const {
+      *os << "distance between begin() and end() ";
+      distance_matcher_.DescribeNegationTo(os);
+    }
+
+    virtual bool MatchAndExplain(Container container,
+                                 MatchResultListener* listener) const {
+#if GTEST_HAS_STD_BEGIN_AND_END_
+      using std::begin;
+      using std::end;
+      DistanceType distance = std::distance(begin(container), end(container));
+#else
+      DistanceType distance = std::distance(container.begin(), container.end());
+#endif
+      StringMatchResultListener distance_listener;
+      const bool result =
+          distance_matcher_.MatchAndExplain(distance, &distance_listener);
+      *listener << "whose distance between begin() and end() " << distance
+                << (result ? " matches" : " doesn't match");
+      PrintIfNotEmpty(distance_listener.str(), listener->stream());
+      return result;
+    }
+
+   private:
+    const Matcher<DistanceType> distance_matcher_;
+    GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(Impl);
+  };
+
+ private:
+  const DistanceMatcher distance_matcher_;
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(BeginEndDistanceIsMatcher);
+};
+
 // Implements an equality matcher for any STL-style container whose elements
 // support ==. This matcher is like Eq(), but its failure explanations provide
 // more detailed information that is useful when the container is used as a set.
 // The failure message reports elements that are in one of the operands but not
 // the other. The failure messages do not report duplicate or out-of-order
 // elements in the containers (which don't properly matter to sets, but can
 // occur if the containers are vectors or lists, for example).
 //
@@ -1888,69 +2519,70 @@ class ResultOfMatcher {
 // begin(), and end().
 template <typename Container>
 class ContainerEqMatcher {
  public:
   typedef internal::StlContainerView<Container> View;
   typedef typename View::type StlContainer;
   typedef typename View::const_reference StlContainerReference;
 
-  // We make a copy of rhs in case the elements in it are modified
+  // We make a copy of expected in case the elements in it are modified
   // after this matcher is created.
-  explicit ContainerEqMatcher(const Container& rhs) : rhs_(View::Copy(rhs)) {
+  explicit ContainerEqMatcher(const Container& expected)
+      : expected_(View::Copy(expected)) {
     // Makes sure the user doesn't instantiate this class template
     // with a const or reference type.
     (void)testing::StaticAssertTypeEq<Container,
         GTEST_REMOVE_REFERENCE_AND_CONST_(Container)>();
   }
 
   void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const {
     *os << "equals ";
-    UniversalPrint(rhs_, os);
+    UniversalPrint(expected_, os);
   }
   void DescribeNegationTo(::std::ostream* os) const {
     *os << "does not equal ";
-    UniversalPrint(rhs_, os);
+    UniversalPrint(expected_, os);
   }
 
   template <typename LhsContainer>
   bool MatchAndExplain(const LhsContainer& lhs,
                        MatchResultListener* listener) const {
     // GTEST_REMOVE_CONST_() is needed to work around an MSVC 8.0 bug
     // that causes LhsContainer to be a const type sometimes.
     typedef internal::StlContainerView<GTEST_REMOVE_CONST_(LhsContainer)>
         LhsView;
     typedef typename LhsView::type LhsStlContainer;
     StlContainerReference lhs_stl_container = LhsView::ConstReference(lhs);
-    if (lhs_stl_container == rhs_)
+    if (lhs_stl_container == expected_)
       return true;
 
     ::std::ostream* const os = listener->stream();
     if (os != NULL) {
       // Something is different. Check for extra values first.
       bool printed_header = false;
       for (typename LhsStlContainer::const_iterator it =
                lhs_stl_container.begin();
            it != lhs_stl_container.end(); ++it) {
-        if (internal::ArrayAwareFind(rhs_.begin(), rhs_.end(), *it) ==
-            rhs_.end()) {
+        if (internal::ArrayAwareFind(expected_.begin(), expected_.end(), *it) ==
+            expected_.end()) {
           if (printed_header) {
             *os << ", ";
           } else {
             *os << "which has these unexpected elements: ";
             printed_header = true;
           }
           UniversalPrint(*it, os);
         }
       }
 
       // Now check for missing values.
       bool printed_header2 = false;
-      for (typename StlContainer::const_iterator it = rhs_.begin();
-           it != rhs_.end(); ++it) {
+      for (typename StlContainer::const_iterator it = expected_.begin();
+           it != expected_.end(); ++it) {
         if (internal::ArrayAwareFind(
                 lhs_stl_container.begin(), lhs_stl_container.end(), *it) ==
             lhs_stl_container.end()) {
           if (printed_header2) {
             *os << ", ";
           } else {
             *os << (printed_header ? ",\nand" : "which")
                 << " doesn't have these expected elements: ";
@@ -1960,21 +2592,104 @@ class ContainerEqMatcher {
         }
       }
     }
 
     return false;
   }
 
  private:
-  const StlContainer rhs_;
+  const StlContainer expected_;
 
   GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(ContainerEqMatcher);
 };
 
+// A comparator functor that uses the < operator to compare two values.
+struct LessComparator {
+  template <typename T, typename U>
+  bool operator()(const T& lhs, const U& rhs) const { return lhs < rhs; }
+};
+
+// Implements WhenSortedBy(comparator, container_matcher).
+template <typename Comparator, typename ContainerMatcher>
+class WhenSortedByMatcher {
+ public:
+  WhenSortedByMatcher(const Comparator& comparator,
+                      const ContainerMatcher& matcher)
+      : comparator_(comparator), matcher_(matcher) {}
+
+  template <typename LhsContainer>
+  operator Matcher<LhsContainer>() const {
+    return MakeMatcher(new Impl<LhsContainer>(comparator_, matcher_));
+  }
+
+  template <typename LhsContainer>
+  class Impl : public MatcherInterface<LhsContainer> {
+   public:
+    typedef internal::StlContainerView<
+         GTEST_REMOVE_REFERENCE_AND_CONST_(LhsContainer)> LhsView;
+    typedef typename LhsView::type LhsStlContainer;
+    typedef typename LhsView::const_reference LhsStlContainerReference;
+    // Transforms std::pair<const Key, Value> into std::pair<Key, Value>
+    // so that we can match associative containers.
+    typedef typename RemoveConstFromKey<
+        typename LhsStlContainer::value_type>::type LhsValue;
+
+    Impl(const Comparator& comparator, const ContainerMatcher& matcher)
+        : comparator_(comparator), matcher_(matcher) {}
+
+    virtual void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const {
+      *os << "(when sorted) ";
+      matcher_.DescribeTo(os);
+    }
+
+    virtual void DescribeNegationTo(::std::ostream* os) const {
+      *os << "(when sorted) ";
+      matcher_.DescribeNegationTo(os);
+    }
+
+    virtual bool MatchAndExplain(LhsContainer lhs,
+                                 MatchResultListener* listener) const {
+      LhsStlContainerReference lhs_stl_container = LhsView::ConstReference(lhs);
+      ::std::vector<LhsValue> sorted_container(lhs_stl_container.begin(),
+                                               lhs_stl_container.end());
+      ::std::sort(
+           sorted_container.begin(), sorted_container.end(), comparator_);
+
+      if (!listener->IsInterested()) {
+        // If the listener is not interested, we do not need to
+        // construct the inner explanation.
+        return matcher_.Matches(sorted_container);
+      }
+
+      *listener << "which is ";
+      UniversalPrint(sorted_container, listener->stream());
+      *listener << " when sorted";
+
+      StringMatchResultListener inner_listener;
+      const bool match = matcher_.MatchAndExplain(sorted_container,
+                                                  &inner_listener);
+      PrintIfNotEmpty(inner_listener.str(), listener->stream());
+      return match;
+    }
+
+   private:
+    const Comparator comparator_;
+    const Matcher<const ::std::vector<LhsValue>&> matcher_;
+
+    GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(Impl);
+  };
+
+ private:
+  const Comparator comparator_;
+  const ContainerMatcher matcher_;
+
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(WhenSortedByMatcher);
+};
+
 // Implements Pointwise(tuple_matcher, rhs_container).  tuple_matcher
 // must be able to be safely cast to Matcher<tuple<const T1&, const
 // T2&> >, where T1 and T2 are the types of elements in the LHS
 // container and the RHS container respectively.
 template <typename TupleMatcher, typename RhsContainer>
 class PointwiseMatcher {
  public:
   typedef internal::StlContainerView<RhsContainer> RhsView;
@@ -2003,17 +2718,17 @@ class PointwiseMatcher {
          GTEST_REMOVE_REFERENCE_AND_CONST_(LhsContainer)> LhsView;
     typedef typename LhsView::type LhsStlContainer;
     typedef typename LhsView::const_reference LhsStlContainerReference;
     typedef typename LhsStlContainer::value_type LhsValue;
     // We pass the LHS value and the RHS value to the inner matcher by
     // reference, as they may be expensive to copy.  We must use tuple
     // instead of pair here, as a pair cannot hold references (C++ 98,
     // 20.2.2 [lib.pairs]).
-    typedef std::tr1::tuple<const LhsValue&, const RhsValue&> InnerMatcherArg;
+    typedef ::testing::tuple<const LhsValue&, const RhsValue&> InnerMatcherArg;
 
     Impl(const TupleMatcher& tuple_matcher, const RhsStlContainer& rhs)
         // mono_tuple_matcher_ holds a monomorphic version of the tuple matcher.
         : mono_tuple_matcher_(SafeMatcherCast<InnerMatcherArg>(tuple_matcher)),
           rhs_(rhs) {}
 
     virtual void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const {
       *os << "contains " << rhs_.size()
@@ -2396,21 +3111,19 @@ class ElementsAreMatcherImpl : public Ma
   typedef internal::StlContainerView<RawContainer> View;
   typedef typename View::type StlContainer;
   typedef typename View::const_reference StlContainerReference;
   typedef typename StlContainer::value_type Element;
 
   // Constructs the matcher from a sequence of element values or
   // element matchers.
   template <typename InputIter>
-  ElementsAreMatcherImpl(InputIter first, size_t a_count) {
-    matchers_.reserve(a_count);
-    InputIter it = first;
-    for (size_t i = 0; i != a_count; ++i, ++it) {
-      matchers_.push_back(MatcherCast<const Element&>(*it));
+  ElementsAreMatcherImpl(InputIter first, InputIter last) {
+    while (first != last) {
+      matchers_.push_back(MatcherCast<const Element&>(*first++));
     }
   }
 
   // Describes what this matcher does.
   virtual void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const {
     if (count() == 0) {
       *os << "is empty";
     } else if (count() == 1) {
@@ -2442,128 +3155,573 @@ class ElementsAreMatcherImpl : public Ma
       if (i + 1 < count()) {
         *os << ", or\n";
       }
     }
   }
 
   virtual bool MatchAndExplain(Container container,
                                MatchResultListener* listener) const {
+    // To work with stream-like "containers", we must only walk
+    // through the elements in one pass.
+
+    const bool listener_interested = listener->IsInterested();
+
+    // explanations[i] is the explanation of the element at index i.
+    ::std::vector<internal::string> explanations(count());
     StlContainerReference stl_container = View::ConstReference(container);
-    const size_t actual_count = stl_container.size();
+    typename StlContainer::const_iterator it = stl_container.begin();
+    size_t exam_pos = 0;
+    bool mismatch_found = false;  // Have we found a mismatched element yet?
+
+    // Go through the elements and matchers in pairs, until we reach
+    // the end of either the elements or the matchers, or until we find a
+    // mismatch.
+    for (; it != stl_container.end() && exam_pos != count(); ++it, ++exam_pos) {
+      bool match;  // Does the current element match the current matcher?
+      if (listener_interested) {
+        StringMatchResultListener s;
+        match = matchers_[exam_pos].MatchAndExplain(*it, &s);
+        explanations[exam_pos] = s.str();
+      } else {
+        match = matchers_[exam_pos].Matches(*it);
+      }
+
+      if (!match) {
+        mismatch_found = true;
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+    // If mismatch_found is true, 'exam_pos' is the index of the mismatch.
+
+    // Find how many elements the actual container has.  We avoid
+    // calling size() s.t. this code works for stream-like "containers"
+    // that don't define size().
+    size_t actual_count = exam_pos;
+    for (; it != stl_container.end(); ++it) {
+      ++actual_count;
+    }
+
     if (actual_count != count()) {
       // The element count doesn't match.  If the container is empty,
       // there's no need to explain anything as Google Mock already
       // prints the empty container.  Otherwise we just need to show
       // how many elements there actually are.
-      if (actual_count != 0) {
+      if (listener_interested && (actual_count != 0)) {
         *listener << "which has " << Elements(actual_count);
       }
       return false;
     }
 
-    typename StlContainer::const_iterator it = stl_container.begin();
-    // explanations[i] is the explanation of the element at index i.
-    std::vector<internal::string> explanations(count());
-    for (size_t i = 0; i != count();  ++it, ++i) {
-      StringMatchResultListener s;
-      if (matchers_[i].MatchAndExplain(*it, &s)) {
-        explanations[i] = s.str();
-      } else {
-        // The container has the right size but the i-th element
-        // doesn't match its expectation.
-        *listener << "whose element #" << i << " doesn't match";
-        PrintIfNotEmpty(s.str(), listener->stream());
-        return false;
+    if (mismatch_found) {
+      // The element count matches, but the exam_pos-th element doesn't match.
+      if (listener_interested) {
+        *listener << "whose element #" << exam_pos << " doesn't match";
+        PrintIfNotEmpty(explanations[exam_pos], listener->stream());
       }
+      return false;
     }
 
     // Every element matches its expectation.  We need to explain why
     // (the obvious ones can be skipped).
-    bool reason_printed = false;
-    for (size_t i = 0; i != count(); ++i) {
-      const internal::string& s = explanations[i];
-      if (!s.empty()) {
-        if (reason_printed) {
-          *listener << ",\nand ";
+    if (listener_interested) {
+      bool reason_printed = false;
+      for (size_t i = 0; i != count(); ++i) {
+        const internal::string& s = explanations[i];
+        if (!s.empty()) {
+          if (reason_printed) {
+            *listener << ",\nand ";
+          }
+          *listener << "whose element #" << i << " matches, " << s;
+          reason_printed = true;
         }
-        *listener << "whose element #" << i << " matches, " << s;
-        reason_printed = true;
       }
     }
-
     return true;
   }
 
  private:
   static Message Elements(size_t count) {
     return Message() << count << (count == 1 ? " element" : " elements");
   }
 
   size_t count() const { return matchers_.size(); }
-  std::vector<Matcher<const Element&> > matchers_;
+
+  ::std::vector<Matcher<const Element&> > matchers_;
 
   GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(ElementsAreMatcherImpl);
 };
 
-// Implements ElementsAre() of 0 arguments.
-class ElementsAreMatcher0 {
+// Connectivity matrix of (elements X matchers), in element-major order.
+// Initially, there are no edges.
+// Use NextGraph() to iterate over all possible edge configurations.
+// Use Randomize() to generate a random edge configuration.
+class GTEST_API_ MatchMatrix {
+ public:
+  MatchMatrix(size_t num_elements, size_t num_matchers)
+      : num_elements_(num_elements),
+        num_matchers_(num_matchers),
+        matched_(num_elements_* num_matchers_, 0) {
+  }
+
+  size_t LhsSize() const { return num_elements_; }
+  size_t RhsSize() const { return num_matchers_; }
+  bool HasEdge(size_t ilhs, size_t irhs) const {
+    return matched_[SpaceIndex(ilhs, irhs)] == 1;
+  }
+  void SetEdge(size_t ilhs, size_t irhs, bool b) {
+    matched_[SpaceIndex(ilhs, irhs)] = b ? 1 : 0;
+  }
+
+  // Treating the connectivity matrix as a (LhsSize()*RhsSize())-bit number,
+  // adds 1 to that number; returns false if incrementing the graph left it
+  // empty.
+  bool NextGraph();
+
+  void Randomize();
+
+  string DebugString() const;
+
+ private:
+  size_t SpaceIndex(size_t ilhs, size_t irhs) const {
+    return ilhs * num_matchers_ + irhs;
+  }
+
+  size_t num_elements_;
+  size_t num_matchers_;
+
+  // Each element is a char interpreted as bool. They are stored as a
+  // flattened array in lhs-major order, use 'SpaceIndex()' to translate
+  // a (ilhs, irhs) matrix coordinate into an offset.
+  ::std::vector<char> matched_;
+};
+
+typedef ::std::pair<size_t, size_t> ElementMatcherPair;
+typedef ::std::vector<ElementMatcherPair> ElementMatcherPairs;
+
+// Returns a maximum bipartite matching for the specified graph 'g'.
+// The matching is represented as a vector of {element, matcher} pairs.
+GTEST_API_ ElementMatcherPairs
+FindMaxBipartiteMatching(const MatchMatrix& g);
+
+GTEST_API_ bool FindPairing(const MatchMatrix& matrix,
+                            MatchResultListener* listener);
+
+// Untyped base class for implementing UnorderedElementsAre.  By
+// putting logic that's not specific to the element type here, we
+// reduce binary bloat and increase compilation speed.
+class GTEST_API_ UnorderedElementsAreMatcherImplBase {
+ protected:
+  // A vector of matcher describers, one for each element matcher.
+  // Does not own the describers (and thus can be used only when the
+  // element matchers are alive).
+  typedef ::std::vector<const MatcherDescriberInterface*> MatcherDescriberVec;
+
+  // Describes this UnorderedElementsAre matcher.
+  void DescribeToImpl(::std::ostream* os) const;
+
+  // Describes the negation of this UnorderedElementsAre matcher.
+  void DescribeNegationToImpl(::std::ostream* os) const;
+
+  bool VerifyAllElementsAndMatchersAreMatched(
+      const ::std::vector<string>& element_printouts,
+      const MatchMatrix& matrix,
+      MatchResultListener* listener) const;
+
+  MatcherDescriberVec& matcher_describers() {
+    return matcher_describers_;
+  }
+
+  static Message Elements(size_t n) {
+    return Message() << n << " element" << (n == 1 ? "" : "s");
+  }
+
+ private:
+  MatcherDescriberVec matcher_describers_;
+
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(UnorderedElementsAreMatcherImplBase);
+};
+
+// Implements unordered ElementsAre and unordered ElementsAreArray.
+template <typename Container>
+class UnorderedElementsAreMatcherImpl
+    : public MatcherInterface<Container>,
+      public UnorderedElementsAreMatcherImplBase {
  public:
-  ElementsAreMatcher0() {}
+  typedef GTEST_REMOVE_REFERENCE_AND_CONST_(Container) RawContainer;
+  typedef internal::StlContainerView<RawContainer> View;
+  typedef typename View::type StlContainer;
+  typedef typename View::const_reference StlContainerReference;
+  typedef typename StlContainer::const_iterator StlContainerConstIterator;
+  typedef typename StlContainer::value_type Element;
+
+  // Constructs the matcher from a sequence of element values or
+  // element matchers.
+  template <typename InputIter>
+  UnorderedElementsAreMatcherImpl(InputIter first, InputIter last) {
+    for (; first != last; ++first) {
+      matchers_.push_back(MatcherCast<const Element&>(*first));
+      matcher_describers().push_back(matchers_.back().GetDescriber());
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Describes what this matcher does.
+  virtual void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const {
+    return UnorderedElementsAreMatcherImplBase::DescribeToImpl(os);
+  }
+
+  // Describes what the negation of this matcher does.
+  virtual void DescribeNegationTo(::std::ostream* os) const {
+    return UnorderedElementsAreMatcherImplBase::DescribeNegationToImpl(os);
+  }
+
+  virtual bool MatchAndExplain(Container container,
+                               MatchResultListener* listener) const {
+    StlContainerReference stl_container = View::ConstReference(container);
+    ::std::vector<string> element_printouts;
+    MatchMatrix matrix = AnalyzeElements(stl_container.begin(),
+                                         stl_container.end(),
+                                         &element_printouts,
+                                         listener);
+
+    const size_t actual_count = matrix.LhsSize();
+    if (actual_count == 0 && matchers_.empty()) {
+      return true;
+    }
+    if (actual_count != matchers_.size()) {
+      // The element count doesn't match.  If the container is empty,
+      // there's no need to explain anything as Google Mock already
+      // prints the empty container. Otherwise we just need to show
+      // how many elements there actually are.
+      if (actual_count != 0 && listener->IsInterested()) {
+        *listener << "which has " << Elements(actual_count);
+      }
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    return VerifyAllElementsAndMatchersAreMatched(element_printouts,
+                                                  matrix, listener) &&
+           FindPairing(matrix, listener);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  typedef ::std::vector<Matcher<const Element&> > MatcherVec;
+
+  template <typename ElementIter>
+  MatchMatrix AnalyzeElements(ElementIter elem_first, ElementIter elem_last,
+                              ::std::vector<string>* element_printouts,
+                              MatchResultListener* listener) const {
+    element_printouts->clear();
+    ::std::vector<char> did_match;
+    size_t num_elements = 0;
+    for (; elem_first != elem_last; ++num_elements, ++elem_first) {
+      if (listener->IsInterested()) {
+        element_printouts->push_back(PrintToString(*elem_first));
+      }
+      for (size_t irhs = 0; irhs != matchers_.size(); ++irhs) {
+        did_match.push_back(Matches(matchers_[irhs])(*elem_first));
+      }
+    }
+
+    MatchMatrix matrix(num_elements, matchers_.size());
+    ::std::vector<char>::const_iterator did_match_iter = did_match.begin();
+    for (size_t ilhs = 0; ilhs != num_elements; ++ilhs) {
+      for (size_t irhs = 0; irhs != matchers_.size(); ++irhs) {
+        matrix.SetEdge(ilhs, irhs, *did_match_iter++ != 0);
+      }
+    }
+    return matrix;
+  }
+
+  MatcherVec matchers_;
+
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(UnorderedElementsAreMatcherImpl);
+};
+
+// Functor for use in TransformTuple.
+// Performs MatcherCast<Target> on an input argument of any type.
+template <typename Target>
+struct CastAndAppendTransform {
+  template <typename Arg>
+  Matcher<Target> operator()(const Arg& a) const {
+    return MatcherCast<Target>(a);
+  }
+};
+
+// Implements UnorderedElementsAre.
+template <typename MatcherTuple>
+class UnorderedElementsAreMatcher {
+ public:
+  explicit UnorderedElementsAreMatcher(const MatcherTuple& args)
+      : matchers_(args) {}
 
   template <typename Container>
   operator Matcher<Container>() const {
     typedef GTEST_REMOVE_REFERENCE_AND_CONST_(Container) RawContainer;
-    typedef typename internal::StlContainerView<RawContainer>::type::value_type
-        Element;
-
-    const Matcher<const Element&>* const matchers = NULL;
-    return MakeMatcher(new ElementsAreMatcherImpl<Container>(matchers, 0));
+    typedef typename internal::StlContainerView<RawContainer>::type View;
+    typedef typename View::value_type Element;
+    typedef ::std::vector<Matcher<const Element&> > MatcherVec;
+    MatcherVec matchers;
+    matchers.reserve(::testing::tuple_size<MatcherTuple>::value);
+    TransformTupleValues(CastAndAppendTransform<const Element&>(), matchers_,
+                         ::std::back_inserter(matchers));
+    return MakeMatcher(new UnorderedElementsAreMatcherImpl<Container>(
+                           matchers.begin(), matchers.end()));
   }
+
+ private:
+  const MatcherTuple matchers_;
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(UnorderedElementsAreMatcher);
+};
+
+// Implements ElementsAre.
+template <typename MatcherTuple>
+class ElementsAreMatcher {
+ public:
+  explicit ElementsAreMatcher(const MatcherTuple& args) : matchers_(args) {}
+
+  template <typename Container>
+  operator Matcher<Container>() const {
+    typedef GTEST_REMOVE_REFERENCE_AND_CONST_(Container) RawContainer;
+    typedef typename internal::StlContainerView<RawContainer>::type View;
+    typedef typename View::value_type Element;
+    typedef ::std::vector<Matcher<const Element&> > MatcherVec;
+    MatcherVec matchers;
+    matchers.reserve(::testing::tuple_size<MatcherTuple>::value);
+    TransformTupleValues(CastAndAppendTransform<const Element&>(), matchers_,
+                         ::std::back_inserter(matchers));
+    return MakeMatcher(new ElementsAreMatcherImpl<Container>(
+                           matchers.begin(), matchers.end()));
+  }
+
+ private:
+  const MatcherTuple matchers_;
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(ElementsAreMatcher);
+};
+
+// Implements UnorderedElementsAreArray().
+template <typename T>
+class UnorderedElementsAreArrayMatcher {
+ public:
+  UnorderedElementsAreArrayMatcher() {}
+
+  template <typename Iter>
+  UnorderedElementsAreArrayMatcher(Iter first, Iter last)
+      : matchers_(first, last) {}
+
+  template <typename Container>
+  operator Matcher<Container>() const {
+    return MakeMatcher(
+        new UnorderedElementsAreMatcherImpl<Container>(matchers_.begin(),
+                                                       matchers_.end()));
+  }
+
+ private:
+  ::std::vector<T> matchers_;
+
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(UnorderedElementsAreArrayMatcher);
 };
 
 // Implements ElementsAreArray().
 template <typename T>
 class ElementsAreArrayMatcher {
  public:
-  ElementsAreArrayMatcher(const T* first, size_t count) :
-      first_(first), count_(count) {}
+  template <typename Iter>
+  ElementsAreArrayMatcher(Iter first, Iter last) : matchers_(first, last) {}
 
   template <typename Container>
   operator Matcher<Container>() const {
-    typedef GTEST_REMOVE_REFERENCE_AND_CONST_(Container) RawContainer;
-    typedef typename internal::StlContainerView<RawContainer>::type::value_type
-        Element GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_;
-
-    return MakeMatcher(new ElementsAreMatcherImpl<Container>(first_, count_));
+    return MakeMatcher(new ElementsAreMatcherImpl<Container>(
+        matchers_.begin(), matchers_.end()));
   }
 
  private:
-  const T* const first_;
-  const size_t count_;
+  const ::std::vector<T> matchers_;
 
   GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(ElementsAreArrayMatcher);
 };
 
+// Given a 2-tuple matcher tm of type Tuple2Matcher and a value second
+// of type Second, BoundSecondMatcher<Tuple2Matcher, Second>(tm,
+// second) is a polymorphic matcher that matches a value x iff tm
+// matches tuple (x, second).  Useful for implementing
+// UnorderedPointwise() in terms of UnorderedElementsAreArray().
+//
+// BoundSecondMatcher is copyable and assignable, as we need to put
+// instances of this class in a vector when implementing
+// UnorderedPointwise().
+template <typename Tuple2Matcher, typename Second>
+class BoundSecondMatcher {
+ public:
+  BoundSecondMatcher(const Tuple2Matcher& tm, const Second& second)
+      : tuple2_matcher_(tm), second_value_(second) {}
+
+  template <typename T>
+  operator Matcher<T>() const {
+    return MakeMatcher(new Impl<T>(tuple2_matcher_, second_value_));
+  }
+
+  // We have to define this for UnorderedPointwise() to compile in
+  // C++98 mode, as it puts BoundSecondMatcher instances in a vector,
+  // which requires the elements to be assignable in C++98.  The
+  // compiler cannot generate the operator= for us, as Tuple2Matcher
+  // and Second may not be assignable.
+  //
+  // However, this should never be called, so the implementation just
+  // need to assert.
+  void operator=(const BoundSecondMatcher& /*rhs*/) {
+    GTEST_LOG_(FATAL) << "BoundSecondMatcher should never be assigned.";
+  }
+
+ private:
+  template <typename T>
+  class Impl : public MatcherInterface<T> {
+   public:
+    typedef ::testing::tuple<T, Second> ArgTuple;
+
+    Impl(const Tuple2Matcher& tm, const Second& second)
+        : mono_tuple2_matcher_(SafeMatcherCast<const ArgTuple&>(tm)),
+          second_value_(second) {}
+
+    virtual void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const {
+      *os << "and ";
+      UniversalPrint(second_value_, os);
+      *os << " ";
+      mono_tuple2_matcher_.DescribeTo(os);
+    }
+
+    virtual bool MatchAndExplain(T x, MatchResultListener* listener) const {
+      return mono_tuple2_matcher_.MatchAndExplain(ArgTuple(x, second_value_),
+                                                  listener);
+    }
+
+   private:
+    const Matcher<const ArgTuple&> mono_tuple2_matcher_;
+    const Second second_value_;
+
+    GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(Impl);
+  };
+
+  const Tuple2Matcher tuple2_matcher_;
+  const Second second_value_;
+};
+
+// Given a 2-tuple matcher tm and a value second,
+// MatcherBindSecond(tm, second) returns a matcher that matches a
+// value x iff tm matches tuple (x, second).  Useful for implementing
+// UnorderedPointwise() in terms of UnorderedElementsAreArray().
+template <typename Tuple2Matcher, typename Second>
+BoundSecondMatcher<Tuple2Matcher, Second> MatcherBindSecond(
+    const Tuple2Matcher& tm, const Second& second) {
+  return BoundSecondMatcher<Tuple2Matcher, Second>(tm, second);
+}
+
 // Returns the description for a matcher defined using the MATCHER*()
 // macro where the user-supplied description string is "", if
 // 'negation' is false; otherwise returns the description of the
 // negation of the matcher.  'param_values' contains a list of strings
 // that are the print-out of the matcher's parameters.
-string FormatMatcherDescription(bool negation, const char* matcher_name,
-                                const Strings& param_values);
+GTEST_API_ string FormatMatcherDescription(bool negation,
+                                           const char* matcher_name,
+                                           const Strings& param_values);
 
 }  // namespace internal
 
-// Implements MatcherCast().
-template <typename T, typename M>
-inline Matcher<T> MatcherCast(M matcher) {
-  return internal::MatcherCastImpl<T, M>::Cast(matcher);
+// ElementsAreArray(first, last)
+// ElementsAreArray(pointer, count)
+// ElementsAreArray(array)
+// ElementsAreArray(container)
+// ElementsAreArray({ e1, e2, ..., en })
+//
+// The ElementsAreArray() functions are like ElementsAre(...), except
+// that they are given a homogeneous sequence rather than taking each
+// element as a function argument. The sequence can be specified as an
+// array, a pointer and count, a vector, an initializer list, or an
+// STL iterator range. In each of these cases, the underlying sequence
+// can be either a sequence of values or a sequence of matchers.
+//
+// All forms of ElementsAreArray() make a copy of the input matcher sequence.
+
+template <typename Iter>
+inline internal::ElementsAreArrayMatcher<
+    typename ::std::iterator_traits<Iter>::value_type>
+ElementsAreArray(Iter first, Iter last) {
+  typedef typename ::std::iterator_traits<Iter>::value_type T;
+  return internal::ElementsAreArrayMatcher<T>(first, last);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline internal::ElementsAreArrayMatcher<T> ElementsAreArray(
+    const T* pointer, size_t count) {
+  return ElementsAreArray(pointer, pointer + count);
+}
+
+template <typename T, size_t N>
+inline internal::ElementsAreArrayMatcher<T> ElementsAreArray(
+    const T (&array)[N]) {
+  return ElementsAreArray(array, N);
+}
+
+template <typename Container>
+inline internal::ElementsAreArrayMatcher<typename Container::value_type>
+ElementsAreArray(const Container& container) {
+  return ElementsAreArray(container.begin(), container.end());
 }
 
+#if GTEST_HAS_STD_INITIALIZER_LIST_
+template <typename T>
+inline internal::ElementsAreArrayMatcher<T>
+ElementsAreArray(::std::initializer_list<T> xs) {
+  return ElementsAreArray(xs.begin(), xs.end());
+}
+#endif
+
+// UnorderedElementsAreArray(first, last)
+// UnorderedElementsAreArray(pointer, count)
+// UnorderedElementsAreArray(array)
+// UnorderedElementsAreArray(container)
+// UnorderedElementsAreArray({ e1, e2, ..., en })
+//
+// The UnorderedElementsAreArray() functions are like
+// ElementsAreArray(...), but allow matching the elements in any order.
+template <typename Iter>
+inline internal::UnorderedElementsAreArrayMatcher<
+    typename ::std::iterator_traits<Iter>::value_type>
+UnorderedElementsAreArray(Iter first, Iter last) {
+  typedef typename ::std::iterator_traits<Iter>::value_type T;
+  return internal::UnorderedElementsAreArrayMatcher<T>(first, last);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline internal::UnorderedElementsAreArrayMatcher<T>
+UnorderedElementsAreArray(const T* pointer, size_t count) {
+  return UnorderedElementsAreArray(pointer, pointer + count);
+}
+
+template <typename T, size_t N>
+inline internal::UnorderedElementsAreArrayMatcher<T>
+UnorderedElementsAreArray(const T (&array)[N]) {
+  return UnorderedElementsAreArray(array, N);
+}
+
+template <typename Container>
+inline internal::UnorderedElementsAreArrayMatcher<
+    typename Container::value_type>
+UnorderedElementsAreArray(const Container& container) {
+  return UnorderedElementsAreArray(container.begin(), container.end());
+}
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_STD_INITIALIZER_LIST_
+template <typename T>
+inline internal::UnorderedElementsAreArrayMatcher<T>
+UnorderedElementsAreArray(::std::initializer_list<T> xs) {
+  return UnorderedElementsAreArray(xs.begin(), xs.end());
+}
+#endif
+
 // _ is a matcher that matches anything of any type.
 //
 // This definition is fine as:
 //
 //   1. The C++ standard permits using the name _ in a namespace that
 //      is not the global namespace or ::std.
 //   2. The AnythingMatcher class has no data member or constructor,
 //      so it's OK to create global variables of this type.
@@ -2659,36 +3817,81 @@ inline internal::FloatingEqMatcher<doubl
 }
 
 // Creates a matcher that matches any double argument approximately
 // equal to rhs, including NaN values when rhs is NaN.
 inline internal::FloatingEqMatcher<double> NanSensitiveDoubleEq(double rhs) {
   return internal::FloatingEqMatcher<double>(rhs, true);
 }
 
+// Creates a matcher that matches any double argument approximately equal to
+// rhs, up to the specified max absolute error bound, where two NANs are
+// considered unequal.  The max absolute error bound must be non-negative.
+inline internal::FloatingEqMatcher<double> DoubleNear(
+    double rhs, double max_abs_error) {
+  return internal::FloatingEqMatcher<double>(rhs, false, max_abs_error);
+}
+
+// Creates a matcher that matches any double argument approximately equal to
+// rhs, up to the specified max absolute error bound, including NaN values when
+// rhs is NaN.  The max absolute error bound must be non-negative.
+inline internal::FloatingEqMatcher<double> NanSensitiveDoubleNear(
+    double rhs, double max_abs_error) {
+  return internal::FloatingEqMatcher<double>(rhs, true, max_abs_error);
+}
+
 // Creates a matcher that matches any float argument approximately
 // equal to rhs, where two NANs are considered unequal.
 inline internal::FloatingEqMatcher<float> FloatEq(float rhs) {
   return internal::FloatingEqMatcher<float>(rhs, false);
 }
 
-// Creates a matcher that matches any double argument approximately
+// Creates a matcher that matches any float argument approximately
 // equal to rhs, including NaN values when rhs is NaN.
 inline internal::FloatingEqMatcher<float> NanSensitiveFloatEq(float rhs) {
   return internal::FloatingEqMatcher<float>(rhs, true);
 }
 
+// Creates a matcher that matches any float argument approximately equal to
+// rhs, up to the specified max absolute error bound, where two NANs are
+// considered unequal.  The max absolute error bound must be non-negative.
+inline internal::FloatingEqMatcher<float> FloatNear(
+    float rhs, float max_abs_error) {
+  return internal::FloatingEqMatcher<float>(rhs, false, max_abs_error);
+}
+
+// Creates a matcher that matches any float argument approximately equal to
+// rhs, up to the specified max absolute error bound, including NaN values when
+// rhs is NaN.  The max absolute error bound must be non-negative.
+inline internal::FloatingEqMatcher<float> NanSensitiveFloatNear(
+    float rhs, float max_abs_error) {
+  return internal::FloatingEqMatcher<float>(rhs, true, max_abs_error);
+}
+
 // Creates a matcher that matches a pointer (raw or smart) that points
 // to a value that matches inner_matcher.
 template <typename InnerMatcher>
 inline internal::PointeeMatcher<InnerMatcher> Pointee(
     const InnerMatcher& inner_matcher) {
   return internal::PointeeMatcher<InnerMatcher>(inner_matcher);
 }
 
+// Creates a matcher that matches a pointer or reference that matches
+// inner_matcher when dynamic_cast<To> is applied.
+// The result of dynamic_cast<To> is forwarded to the inner matcher.
+// If To is a pointer and the cast fails, the inner matcher will receive NULL.
+// If To is a reference and the cast fails, this matcher returns false
+// immediately.
+template <typename To>
+inline PolymorphicMatcher<internal::WhenDynamicCastToMatcher<To> >
+WhenDynamicCastTo(const Matcher<To>& inner_matcher) {
+  return MakePolymorphicMatcher(
+      internal::WhenDynamicCastToMatcher<To>(inner_matcher));
+}
+
 // Creates a matcher that matches an object whose given field matches
 // 'matcher'.  For example,
 //   Field(&Foo::number, Ge(5))
 // matches a Foo object x iff x.number >= 5.
 template <typename Class, typename FieldType, typename FieldMatcher>
 inline PolymorphicMatcher<
   internal::FieldMatcher<Class, FieldType> > Field(
     FieldType Class::*field, const FieldMatcher& matcher) {
@@ -2909,48 +4112,159 @@ inline internal::NotMatcher<InnerMatcher
 // predicate.  The predicate can be any unary function or functor
 // whose return type can be implicitly converted to bool.
 template <typename Predicate>
 inline PolymorphicMatcher<internal::TrulyMatcher<Predicate> >
 Truly(Predicate pred) {
   return MakePolymorphicMatcher(internal::TrulyMatcher<Predicate>(pred));
 }
 
+// Returns a matcher that matches the container size. The container must
+// support both size() and size_type which all STL-like containers provide.
+// Note that the parameter 'size' can be a value of type size_type as well as
+// matcher. For instance:
+//   EXPECT_THAT(container, SizeIs(2));     // Checks container has 2 elements.
+//   EXPECT_THAT(container, SizeIs(Le(2));  // Checks container has at most 2.
+template <typename SizeMatcher>
+inline internal::SizeIsMatcher<SizeMatcher>
+SizeIs(const SizeMatcher& size_matcher) {
+  return internal::SizeIsMatcher<SizeMatcher>(size_matcher);
+}
+
+// Returns a matcher that matches the distance between the container's begin()
+// iterator and its end() iterator, i.e. the size of the container. This matcher
+// can be used instead of SizeIs with containers such as std::forward_list which
+// do not implement size(). The container must provide const_iterator (with
+// valid iterator_traits), begin() and end().
+template <typename DistanceMatcher>
+inline internal::BeginEndDistanceIsMatcher<DistanceMatcher>
+BeginEndDistanceIs(const DistanceMatcher& distance_matcher) {
+  return internal::BeginEndDistanceIsMatcher<DistanceMatcher>(distance_matcher);
+}
+
 // Returns a matcher that matches an equal container.
 // This matcher behaves like Eq(), but in the event of mismatch lists the
 // values that are included in one container but not the other. (Duplicate
 // values and order differences are not explained.)
 template <typename Container>
 inline PolymorphicMatcher<internal::ContainerEqMatcher<  // NOLINT
                             GTEST_REMOVE_CONST_(Container)> >
     ContainerEq(const Container& rhs) {
   // This following line is for working around a bug in MSVC 8.0,
   // which causes Container to be a const type sometimes.
   typedef GTEST_REMOVE_CONST_(Container) RawContainer;
   return MakePolymorphicMatcher(
       internal::ContainerEqMatcher<RawContainer>(rhs));
 }
 
+// Returns a matcher that matches a container that, when sorted using
+// the given comparator, matches container_matcher.
+template <typename Comparator, typename ContainerMatcher>
+inline internal::WhenSortedByMatcher<Comparator, ContainerMatcher>
+WhenSortedBy(const Comparator& comparator,
+             const ContainerMatcher& container_matcher) {
+  return internal::WhenSortedByMatcher<Comparator, ContainerMatcher>(
+      comparator, container_matcher);
+}
+
+// Returns a matcher that matches a container that, when sorted using
+// the < operator, matches container_matcher.
+template <typename ContainerMatcher>
+inline internal::WhenSortedByMatcher<internal::LessComparator, ContainerMatcher>
+WhenSorted(const ContainerMatcher& container_matcher) {
+  return
+      internal::WhenSortedByMatcher<internal::LessComparator, ContainerMatcher>(
+          internal::LessComparator(), container_matcher);
+}
+
 // Matches an STL-style container or a native array that contains the
 // same number of elements as in rhs, where its i-th element and rhs's
 // i-th element (as a pair) satisfy the given pair matcher, for all i.
 // TupleMatcher must be able to be safely cast to Matcher<tuple<const
 // T1&, const T2&> >, where T1 and T2 are the types of elements in the
 // LHS container and the RHS container respectively.
 template <typename TupleMatcher, typename Container>
 inline internal::PointwiseMatcher<TupleMatcher,
                                   GTEST_REMOVE_CONST_(Container)>
 Pointwise(const TupleMatcher& tuple_matcher, const Container& rhs) {
   // This following line is for working around a bug in MSVC 8.0,
-  // which causes Container to be a const type sometimes.
+  // which causes Container to be a const type sometimes (e.g. when
+  // rhs is a const int[])..
   typedef GTEST_REMOVE_CONST_(Container) RawContainer;
   return internal::PointwiseMatcher<TupleMatcher, RawContainer>(
       tuple_matcher, rhs);
 }
 
+#if GTEST_HAS_STD_INITIALIZER_LIST_
+
+// Supports the Pointwise(m, {a, b, c}) syntax.
+template <typename TupleMatcher, typename T>
+inline internal::PointwiseMatcher<TupleMatcher, std::vector<T> > Pointwise(
+    const TupleMatcher& tuple_matcher, std::initializer_list<T> rhs) {
+  return Pointwise(tuple_matcher, std::vector<T>(rhs));
+}
+
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_INITIALIZER_LIST_
+
+// UnorderedPointwise(pair_matcher, rhs) matches an STL-style
+// container or a native array that contains the same number of
+// elements as in rhs, where in some permutation of the container, its
+// i-th element and rhs's i-th element (as a pair) satisfy the given
+// pair matcher, for all i.  Tuple2Matcher must be able to be safely
+// cast to Matcher<tuple<const T1&, const T2&> >, where T1 and T2 are
+// the types of elements in the LHS container and the RHS container
+// respectively.
+//
+// This is like Pointwise(pair_matcher, rhs), except that the element
+// order doesn't matter.
+template <typename Tuple2Matcher, typename RhsContainer>
+inline internal::UnorderedElementsAreArrayMatcher<
+    typename internal::BoundSecondMatcher<
+        Tuple2Matcher, typename internal::StlContainerView<GTEST_REMOVE_CONST_(
+                           RhsContainer)>::type::value_type> >
+UnorderedPointwise(const Tuple2Matcher& tuple2_matcher,
+                   const RhsContainer& rhs_container) {
+  // This following line is for working around a bug in MSVC 8.0,
+  // which causes RhsContainer to be a const type sometimes (e.g. when
+  // rhs_container is a const int[]).
+  typedef GTEST_REMOVE_CONST_(RhsContainer) RawRhsContainer;
+
+  // RhsView allows the same code to handle RhsContainer being a
+  // STL-style container and it being a native C-style array.
+  typedef typename internal::StlContainerView<RawRhsContainer> RhsView;
+  typedef typename RhsView::type RhsStlContainer;
+  typedef typename RhsStlContainer::value_type Second;
+  const RhsStlContainer& rhs_stl_container =
+      RhsView::ConstReference(rhs_container);
+
+  // Create a matcher for each element in rhs_container.
+  ::std::vector<internal::BoundSecondMatcher<Tuple2Matcher, Second> > matchers;
+  for (typename RhsStlContainer::const_iterator it = rhs_stl_container.begin();
+       it != rhs_stl_container.end(); ++it) {
+    matchers.push_back(
+        internal::MatcherBindSecond(tuple2_matcher, *it));
+  }
+
+  // Delegate the work to UnorderedElementsAreArray().
+  return UnorderedElementsAreArray(matchers);
+}
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_STD_INITIALIZER_LIST_
+
+// Supports the UnorderedPointwise(m, {a, b, c}) syntax.
+template <typename Tuple2Matcher, typename T>
+inline internal::UnorderedElementsAreArrayMatcher<
+    typename internal::BoundSecondMatcher<Tuple2Matcher, T> >
+UnorderedPointwise(const Tuple2Matcher& tuple2_matcher,
+                   std::initializer_list<T> rhs) {
+  return UnorderedPointwise(tuple2_matcher, std::vector<T>(rhs));
+}
+
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_INITIALIZER_LIST_
+
 // Matches an STL-style container or a native array that contains at
 // least one element matching the given value or matcher.
 //
 // Examples:
 //   ::std::set<int> page_ids;
 //   page_ids.insert(3);
 //   page_ids.insert(1);
 //   EXPECT_THAT(page_ids, Contains(1));
@@ -3037,16 +4351,31 @@ inline bool Value(const T& value, M matc
 // Matches the value against the given matcher and explains the match
 // result to listener.
 template <typename T, typename M>
 inline bool ExplainMatchResult(
     M matcher, const T& value, MatchResultListener* listener) {
   return SafeMatcherCast<const T&>(matcher).MatchAndExplain(value, listener);
 }
 
+#if GTEST_LANG_CXX11
+// Define variadic matcher versions. They are overloaded in
+// gmock-generated-matchers.h for the cases supported by pre C++11 compilers.
+template <typename... Args>
+inline internal::AllOfMatcher<Args...> AllOf(const Args&... matchers) {
+  return internal::AllOfMatcher<Args...>(matchers...);
+}
+
+template <typename... Args>
+inline internal::AnyOfMatcher<Args...> AnyOf(const Args&... matchers) {
+  return internal::AnyOfMatcher<Args...>(matchers...);
+}
+
+#endif  // GTEST_LANG_CXX11
+
 // AllArgs(m) is a synonym of m.  This is useful in
 //
 //   EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar(_, _)).With(AllArgs(Eq()));
 //
 // which is easier to read than
 //
 //   EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar(_, _)).With(Eq());
 template <typename InnerMatcher>
@@ -3058,9 +4387,13 @@ inline InnerMatcher AllArgs(const InnerM
 // the value and the description of the matcher will be printed.
 #define ASSERT_THAT(value, matcher) ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT1(\
     ::testing::internal::MakePredicateFormatterFromMatcher(matcher), value)
 #define EXPECT_THAT(value, matcher) EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT1(\
     ::testing::internal::MakePredicateFormatterFromMatcher(matcher), value)
 
 }  // namespace testing
 
+// Include any custom callback matchers added by the local installation.
+// We must include this header at the end to make sure it can use the
+// declarations from this file.
+#include "gmock/internal/custom/gmock-matchers.h"
 #endif  // GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_GMOCK_MATCHERS_H_
--- a/testing/gtest/gmock/include/gmock/gmock-more-actions.h
+++ b/testing/gtest/gmock/include/gmock/gmock-more-actions.h
@@ -67,31 +67,48 @@ class InvokeAction {
   GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(InvokeAction);
 };
 
 // Implements the Invoke(object_ptr, &Class::Method) action.
 template <class Class, typename MethodPtr>
 class InvokeMethodAction {
  public:
   InvokeMethodAction(Class* obj_ptr, MethodPtr method_ptr)
-      : obj_ptr_(obj_ptr), method_ptr_(method_ptr) {}
+      : method_ptr_(method_ptr), obj_ptr_(obj_ptr) {}
 
   template <typename Result, typename ArgumentTuple>
   Result Perform(const ArgumentTuple& args) const {
     return InvokeHelper<Result, ArgumentTuple>::InvokeMethod(
         obj_ptr_, method_ptr_, args);
   }
 
  private:
+  // The order of these members matters.  Reversing the order can trigger
+  // warning C4121 in MSVC (see
+  // http://computer-programming-forum.com/7-vc.net/6fbc30265f860ad1.htm ).
+  const MethodPtr method_ptr_;
   Class* const obj_ptr_;
-  const MethodPtr method_ptr_;
 
   GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(InvokeMethodAction);
 };
 
+// An internal replacement for std::copy which mimics its behavior. This is
+// necessary because Visual Studio deprecates ::std::copy, issuing warning 4996.
+// However Visual Studio 2010 and later do not honor #pragmas which disable that
+// warning.
+template<typename InputIterator, typename OutputIterator>
+inline OutputIterator CopyElements(InputIterator first,
+                                   InputIterator last,
+                                   OutputIterator output) {
+  for (; first != last; ++first, ++output) {
+    *output = *first;
+  }
+  return output;
+}
+
 }  // namespace internal
 
 // Various overloads for Invoke().
 
 // Creates an action that invokes 'function_impl' with the mock
 // function's arguments.
 template <typename FunctionImpl>
 PolymorphicAction<internal::InvokeAction<FunctionImpl> > Invoke(
@@ -139,75 +156,71 @@ WithArg(const InnerAction& action) {
 # pragma warning(push)
 # pragma warning(disable:4100)
 #endif
 
 // Action ReturnArg<k>() returns the k-th argument of the mock function.
 ACTION_TEMPLATE(ReturnArg,
                 HAS_1_TEMPLATE_PARAMS(int, k),
                 AND_0_VALUE_PARAMS()) {
-  return std::tr1::get<k>(args);
+  return ::testing::get<k>(args);
 }
 
 // Action SaveArg<k>(pointer) saves the k-th (0-based) argument of the
 // mock function to *pointer.
 ACTION_TEMPLATE(SaveArg,
                 HAS_1_TEMPLATE_PARAMS(int, k),
                 AND_1_VALUE_PARAMS(pointer)) {
-  *pointer = ::std::tr1::get<k>(args);
+  *pointer = ::testing::get<k>(args);
 }
 
 // Action SaveArgPointee<k>(pointer) saves the value pointed to
 // by the k-th (0-based) argument of the mock function to *pointer.
 ACTION_TEMPLATE(SaveArgPointee,
                 HAS_1_TEMPLATE_PARAMS(int, k),
                 AND_1_VALUE_PARAMS(pointer)) {
-  *pointer = *::std::tr1::get<k>(args);
+  *pointer = *::testing::get<k>(args);
 }
 
 // Action SetArgReferee<k>(value) assigns 'value' to the variable
 // referenced by the k-th (0-based) argument of the mock function.
 ACTION_TEMPLATE(SetArgReferee,
                 HAS_1_TEMPLATE_PARAMS(int, k),
                 AND_1_VALUE_PARAMS(value)) {
-  typedef typename ::std::tr1::tuple_element<k, args_type>::type argk_type;
+  typedef typename ::testing::tuple_element<k, args_type>::type argk_type;
   // Ensures that argument #k is a reference.  If you get a compiler
   // error on the next line, you are using SetArgReferee<k>(value) in
   // a mock function whose k-th (0-based) argument is not a reference.
   GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_(internal::is_reference<argk_type>::value,
                         SetArgReferee_must_be_used_with_a_reference_argument);
-  ::std::tr1::get<k>(args) = value;
+  ::testing::get<k>(args) = value;
 }
 
 // Action SetArrayArgument<k>(first, last) copies the elements in
 // source range [first, last) to the array pointed to by the k-th
 // (0-based) argument, which can be either a pointer or an
 // iterator. The action does not take ownership of the elements in the
 // source range.
 ACTION_TEMPLATE(SetArrayArgument,
                 HAS_1_TEMPLATE_PARAMS(int, k),
                 AND_2_VALUE_PARAMS(first, last)) {
-  // Microsoft compiler deprecates ::std::copy, so we want to suppress warning
-  // 4996 (Function call with parameters that may be unsafe) there.
+  // Visual Studio deprecates ::std::copy, so we use our own copy in that case.
 #ifdef _MSC_VER
-# pragma warning(push)          // Saves the current warning state.
-# pragma warning(disable:4996)  // Temporarily disables warning 4996.
-#endif
-  ::std::copy(first, last, ::std::tr1::get<k>(args));
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-# pragma warning(pop)           // Restores the warning state.
+  internal::CopyElements(first, last, ::testing::get<k>(args));
+#else
+  ::std::copy(first, last, ::testing::get<k>(args));
 #endif
 }
 
 // Action DeleteArg<k>() deletes the k-th (0-based) argument of the mock
 // function.
 ACTION_TEMPLATE(DeleteArg,
                 HAS_1_TEMPLATE_PARAMS(int, k),
                 AND_0_VALUE_PARAMS()) {
-  delete ::std::tr1::get<k>(args);
+  delete ::testing::get<k>(args);
 }
 
 // This action returns the value pointed to by 'pointer'.
 ACTION_P(ReturnPointee, pointer) { return *pointer; }
 
 // Action Throw(exception) can be used in a mock function of any type
 // to throw the given exception.  Any copyable value can be thrown.
 #if GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/gtest/gmock/include/gmock/gmock-more-matchers.h
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+// Copyright 2013, Google Inc.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// Author: marcus.boerger@google.com (Marcus Boerger)
+
+// Google Mock - a framework for writing C++ mock classes.
+//
+// This file implements some matchers that depend on gmock-generated-matchers.h.
+//
+// Note that tests are implemented in gmock-matchers_test.cc rather than
+// gmock-more-matchers-test.cc.
+
+#ifndef GMOCK_GMOCK_MORE_MATCHERS_H_
+#define GMOCK_GMOCK_MORE_MATCHERS_H_
+
+#include "gmock/gmock-generated-matchers.h"
+
+namespace testing {
+
+// Defines a matcher that matches an empty container. The container must
+// support both size() and empty(), which all STL-like containers provide.
+MATCHER(IsEmpty, negation ? "isn't empty" : "is empty") {
+  if (arg.empty()) {
+    return true;
+  }
+  *result_listener << "whose size is " << arg.size();
+  return false;
+}
+
+}  // namespace testing
+
+#endif  // GMOCK_GMOCK_MORE_MATCHERS_H_
--- a/testing/gtest/gmock/include/gmock/gmock-spec-builders.h
+++ b/testing/gtest/gmock/include/gmock/gmock-spec-builders.h
@@ -61,16 +61,20 @@
 #define GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_GMOCK_SPEC_BUILDERS_H_
 
 #include <map>
 #include <set>
 #include <sstream>
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
 
+#if GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
+# include <stdexcept>  // NOLINT
+#endif
+
 #include "gmock/gmock-actions.h"
 #include "gmock/gmock-cardinalities.h"
 #include "gmock/gmock-matchers.h"
 #include "gmock/internal/gmock-internal-utils.h"
 #include "gmock/internal/gmock-port.h"
 #include "gtest/gtest.h"
 
 namespace testing {
@@ -106,38 +110,38 @@ template <typename F> class FunctionMock
 // The reason we don't use more fine-grained protection is: when a
 // mock function Foo() is called, it needs to consult its expectations
 // to see which one should be picked.  If another thread is allowed to
 // call a mock function (either Foo() or a different one) at the same
 // time, it could affect the "retired" attributes of Foo()'s
 // expectations when InSequence() is used, and thus affect which
 // expectation gets picked.  Therefore, we sequence all mock function
 // calls to ensure the integrity of the mock objects' states.
-GTEST_DECLARE_STATIC_MUTEX_(g_gmock_mutex);
+GTEST_API_ GTEST_DECLARE_STATIC_MUTEX_(g_gmock_mutex);
 
 // Untyped base class for ActionResultHolder<R>.
 class UntypedActionResultHolderBase;
 
 // Abstract base class of FunctionMockerBase.  This is the
 // type-agnostic part of the function mocker interface.  Its pure
 // virtual methods are implemented by FunctionMockerBase.
-class UntypedFunctionMockerBase {
+class GTEST_API_ UntypedFunctionMockerBase {
  public:
   UntypedFunctionMockerBase();
   virtual ~UntypedFunctionMockerBase();
 
   // Verifies that all expectations on this mock function have been
   // satisfied.  Reports one or more Google Test non-fatal failures
   // and returns false if not.
-  // L >= g_gmock_mutex
-  bool VerifyAndClearExpectationsLocked();
+  bool VerifyAndClearExpectationsLocked()
+      GTEST_EXCLUSIVE_LOCK_REQUIRED_(g_gmock_mutex);
 
   // Clears the ON_CALL()s set on this mock function.
-  // L >= g_gmock_mutex
-  virtual void ClearDefaultActionsLocked() = 0;
+  virtual void ClearDefaultActionsLocked()
+      GTEST_EXCLUSIVE_LOCK_REQUIRED_(g_gmock_mutex) = 0;
 
   // In all of the following Untyped* functions, it's the caller's
   // responsibility to guarantee the correctness of the arguments'
   // types.
 
   // Performs the default action with the given arguments and returns
   // the action's result.  The call description string will be used in
   // the error message to describe the call in the case the default
@@ -152,68 +156,69 @@ class UntypedFunctionMockerBase {
   // L = *
   virtual UntypedActionResultHolderBase* UntypedPerformAction(
       const void* untyped_action,
       const void* untyped_args) const = 0;
 
   // Writes a message that the call is uninteresting (i.e. neither
   // explicitly expected nor explicitly unexpected) to the given
   // ostream.
-  // L < g_gmock_mutex
-  virtual void UntypedDescribeUninterestingCall(const void* untyped_args,
-                                                ::std::ostream* os) const = 0;
+  virtual void UntypedDescribeUninterestingCall(
+      const void* untyped_args,
+      ::std::ostream* os) const
+          GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(g_gmock_mutex) = 0;
 
   // Returns the expectation that matches the given function arguments
   // (or NULL is there's no match); when a match is found,
   // untyped_action is set to point to the action that should be
   // performed (or NULL if the action is "do default"), and
   // is_excessive is modified to indicate whether the call exceeds the
   // expected number.
-  // L < g_gmock_mutex
   virtual const ExpectationBase* UntypedFindMatchingExpectation(
       const void* untyped_args,
       const void** untyped_action, bool* is_excessive,
-      ::std::ostream* what, ::std::ostream* why) = 0;
+      ::std::ostream* what, ::std::ostream* why)
+          GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(g_gmock_mutex) = 0;
 
   // Prints the given function arguments to the ostream.
   virtual void UntypedPrintArgs(const void* untyped_args,
                                 ::std::ostream* os) const = 0;
 
   // Sets the mock object this mock method belongs to, and registers
   // this information in the global mock registry.  Will be called
   // whenever an EXPECT_CALL() or ON_CALL() is executed on this mock
   // method.
   // TODO(wan@google.com): rename to SetAndRegisterOwner().
-  // L < g_gmock_mutex
-  void RegisterOwner(const void* mock_obj);
+  void RegisterOwner(const void* mock_obj)
+      GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(g_gmock_mutex);
 
   // Sets the mock object this mock method belongs to, and sets the
   // name of the mock function.  Will be called upon each invocation
   // of this mock function.
-  // L < g_gmock_mutex
-  void SetOwnerAndName(const void* mock_obj, const char* name);
+  void SetOwnerAndName(const void* mock_obj, const char* name)
+      GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(g_gmock_mutex);
 
   // Returns the mock object this mock method belongs to.  Must be
   // called after RegisterOwner() or SetOwnerAndName() has been
   // called.
-  // L < g_gmock_mutex
-  const void* MockObject() const;
+  const void* MockObject() const
+      GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(g_gmock_mutex);
 
   // Returns the name of this mock method.  Must be called after
   // SetOwnerAndName() has been called.
-  // L < g_gmock_mutex
-  const char* Name() const;
+  const char* Name() const
+      GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(g_gmock_mutex);
 
   // Returns the result of invoking this mock function with the given
   // arguments.  This function can be safely called from multiple
   // threads concurrently.  The caller is responsible for deleting the
   // result.
-  // L < g_gmock_mutex
-  const UntypedActionResultHolderBase* UntypedInvokeWith(
-      const void* untyped_args);
+  UntypedActionResultHolderBase* UntypedInvokeWith(
+      const void* untyped_args)
+          GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(g_gmock_mutex);
 
  protected:
   typedef std::vector<const void*> UntypedOnCallSpecs;
 
   typedef std::vector<internal::linked_ptr<ExpectationBase> >
   UntypedExpectations;
 
   // Returns an Expectation object that references and co-owns exp,
@@ -347,112 +352,120 @@ class OnCallSpec : public UntypedOnCallS
   //   matchers                                => matchers_
   //   multi-argument-matcher                  => extra_matcher_
   //   action                                  => action_
   ArgumentMatcherTuple matchers_;
   Matcher<const ArgumentTuple&> extra_matcher_;
   Action<F> action_;
 };  // class OnCallSpec
 
-// Possible reactions on uninteresting calls.  TODO(wan@google.com):
-// rename the enum values to the kFoo style.
+// Possible reactions on uninteresting calls.
 enum CallReaction {
-  ALLOW,
-  WARN,
-  FAIL
+  kAllow,
+  kWarn,
+  kFail,
+  kDefault = kWarn  // By default, warn about uninteresting calls.
 };
 
 }  // namespace internal
 
 // Utilities for manipulating mock objects.
-class Mock {
+class GTEST_API_ Mock {
  public:
   // The following public methods can be called concurrently.
 
   // Tells Google Mock to ignore mock_obj when checking for leaked
   // mock objects.
-  static void AllowLeak(const void* mock_obj);
+  static void AllowLeak(const void* mock_obj)
+      GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(internal::g_gmock_mutex);
 
   // Verifies and clears all expectations on the given mock object.
   // If the expectations aren't satisfied, generates one or more
   // Google Test non-fatal failures and returns false.
-  static bool VerifyAndClearExpectations(void* mock_obj);
+  static bool VerifyAndClearExpectations(void* mock_obj)
+      GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(internal::g_gmock_mutex);
 
   // Verifies all expectations on the given mock object and clears its
   // default actions and expectations.  Returns true iff the
   // verification was successful.
-  static bool VerifyAndClear(void* mock_obj);
+  static bool VerifyAndClear(void* mock_obj)
+      GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(internal::g_gmock_mutex);
+
  private:
   friend class internal::UntypedFunctionMockerBase;
 
   // Needed for a function mocker to register itself (so that we know
   // how to clear a mock object).
   template <typename F>
   friend class internal::FunctionMockerBase;
 
   template <typename M>
   friend class NiceMock;
 
   template <typename M>
+  friend class NaggyMock;
+
+  template <typename M>
   friend class StrictMock;
 
   // Tells Google Mock to allow uninteresting calls on the given mock
   // object.
-  // L < g_gmock_mutex
-  static void AllowUninterestingCalls(const void* mock_obj);
+  static void AllowUninterestingCalls(const void* mock_obj)
+      GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(internal::g_gmock_mutex);
 
   // Tells Google Mock to warn the user about uninteresting calls on
   // the given mock object.
-  // L < g_gmock_mutex
-  static void WarnUninterestingCalls(const void* mock_obj);
+  static void WarnUninterestingCalls(const void* mock_obj)
+      GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(internal::g_gmock_mutex);
 
   // Tells Google Mock to fail uninteresting calls on the given mock
   // object.
-  // L < g_gmock_mutex
-  static void FailUninterestingCalls(const void* mock_obj);
+  static void FailUninterestingCalls(const void* mock_obj)
+      GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(internal::g_gmock_mutex);
 
   // Tells Google Mock the given mock object is being destroyed and
   // its entry in the call-reaction table should be removed.
-  // L < g_gmock_mutex
-  static void UnregisterCallReaction(const void* mock_obj);
+  static void UnregisterCallReaction(const void* mock_obj)
+      GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(internal::g_gmock_mutex);
 
   // Returns the reaction Google Mock will have on uninteresting calls
   // made on the given mock object.
-  // L < g_gmock_mutex
   static internal::CallReaction GetReactionOnUninterestingCalls(
-      const void* mock_obj);
+      const void* mock_obj)
+          GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(internal::g_gmock_mutex);
 
   // Verifies that all expectations on the given mock object have been
   // satisfied.  Reports one or more Google Test non-fatal failures
   // and returns false if not.
-  // L >= g_gmock_mutex
-  static bool VerifyAndClearExpectationsLocked(void* mock_obj);
+  static bool VerifyAndClearExpectationsLocked(void* mock_obj)
+      GTEST_EXCLUSIVE_LOCK_REQUIRED_(internal::g_gmock_mutex);
 
   // Clears all ON_CALL()s set on the given mock object.
-  // L >= g_gmock_mutex
-  static void ClearDefaultActionsLocked(void* mock_obj);
+  static void ClearDefaultActionsLocked(void* mock_obj)
+      GTEST_EXCLUSIVE_LOCK_REQUIRED_(internal::g_gmock_mutex);
 
   // Registers a mock object and a mock method it owns.
-  // L < g_gmock_mutex
-  static void Register(const void* mock_obj,
-                       internal::UntypedFunctionMockerBase* mocker);
+  static void Register(
+      const void* mock_obj,
+      internal::UntypedFunctionMockerBase* mocker)
+          GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(internal::g_gmock_mutex);
 
   // Tells Google Mock where in the source code mock_obj is used in an
   // ON_CALL or EXPECT_CALL.  In case mock_obj is leaked, this
   // information helps the user identify which object it is.
-  // L < g_gmock_mutex
   static void RegisterUseByOnCallOrExpectCall(
-      const void* mock_obj, const char* file, int line);
+      const void* mock_obj, const char* file, int line)
+          GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(internal::g_gmock_mutex);
 
   // Unregisters a mock method; removes the owning mock object from
   // the registry when the last mock method associated with it has
   // been unregistered.  This is called only in the destructor of
   // FunctionMockerBase.
-  // L >= g_gmock_mutex
-  static void UnregisterLocked(internal::UntypedFunctionMockerBase* mocker);
+  static void UnregisterLocked(internal::UntypedFunctionMockerBase* mocker)
+      GTEST_EXCLUSIVE_LOCK_REQUIRED_(internal::g_gmock_mutex);
 };  // class Mock
 
 // An abstract handle of an expectation.  Useful in the .After()
 // clause of EXPECT_CALL() for setting the (partial) order of
 // expectations.  The syntax:
 //
 //   Expectation e1 = EXPECT_CALL(...)...;
 //   EXPECT_CALL(...).After(e1)...;
@@ -466,17 +479,17 @@ class Mock {
 //     be modified, but the mutable methods of the ExpectationBase
 //     object it references can be called via expectation_base().
 //   - The constructors and destructor are defined out-of-line because
 //     the Symbian WINSCW compiler wants to otherwise instantiate them
 //     when it sees this class definition, at which point it doesn't have
 //     ExpectationBase available yet, leading to incorrect destruction
 //     in the linked_ptr (or compilation errors if using a checking
 //     linked_ptr).
-class Expectation {
+class GTEST_API_ Expectation {
  public:
   // Constructs a null object that doesn't reference any expectation.
   Expectation();
 
   ~Expectation();
 
   // This single-argument ctor must not be explicit, in order to support the
   //   Expectation e = EXPECT_CALL(...);
@@ -598,17 +611,17 @@ class ExpectationSet {
  private:
   Expectation::Set expectations_;
 };
 
 
 // Sequence objects are used by a user to specify the relative order
 // in which the expectations should match.  They are copyable (we rely
 // on the compiler-defined copy constructor and assignment operator).
-class Sequence {
+class GTEST_API_ Sequence {
  public:
   // Constructs an empty sequence.
   Sequence() : last_expectation_(new Expectation) {}
 
   // Adds an expectation to this sequence.  The caller must ensure
   // that no other thread is accessing this Sequence object.
   void AddExpectation(const Expectation& expectation) const;
 
@@ -639,47 +652,47 @@ class Sequence {
 //   }
 //
 // You can create InSequence objects in multiple threads, as long as
 // they are used to affect different mock objects.  The idea is that
 // each thread can create and set up its own mocks as if it's the only
 // thread.  However, for clarity of your tests we recommend you to set
 // up mocks in the main thread unless you have a good reason not to do
 // so.
-class InSequence {
+class GTEST_API_ InSequence {
  public:
   InSequence();
   ~InSequence();
  private:
   bool sequence_created_;
 
   GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(InSequence);  // NOLINT
 } GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_;
 
 namespace internal {
 
 // Points to the implicit sequence introduced by a living InSequence
 // object (if any) in the current thread or NULL.
-extern ThreadLocal<Sequence*> g_gmock_implicit_sequence;
+GTEST_API_ extern ThreadLocal<Sequence*> g_gmock_implicit_sequence;
 
 // Base class for implementing expectations.
 //
 // There are two reasons for having a type-agnostic base class for
 // Expectation:
 //
 //   1. We need to store collections of expectations of different
 //   types (e.g. all pre-requisites of a particular expectation, all
 //   expectations in a sequence).  Therefore these expectation objects
 //   must share a common base class.
 //
 //   2. We can avoid binary code bloat by moving methods not depending
 //   on the template argument of Expectation to the base class.
 //
 // This class is internal and mustn't be used by user code directly.
-class ExpectationBase {
+class GTEST_API_ ExpectationBase {
  public:
   // source_text is the EXPECT_CALL(...) source that created this Expectation.
   ExpectationBase(const char* file, int line, const string& source_text);
 
   virtual ~ExpectationBase();
 
   // Where in the source file was the expectation spec defined?
   const char* file() const { return file_; }
@@ -690,18 +703,18 @@ class ExpectationBase {
 
   // Describes the source file location of this expectation.
   void DescribeLocationTo(::std::ostream* os) const {
     *os << FormatFileLocation(file(), line()) << " ";
   }
 
   // Describes how many times a function call matching this
   // expectation has occurred.
-  // L >= g_gmock_mutex
-  void DescribeCallCountTo(::std::ostream* os) const;
+  void DescribeCallCountTo(::std::ostream* os) const
+      GTEST_EXCLUSIVE_LOCK_REQUIRED_(g_gmock_mutex);
 
   // If this mock method has an extra matcher (i.e. .With(matcher)),
   // describes it to the ostream.
   virtual void MaybeDescribeExtraMatcherTo(::std::ostream* os) = 0;
 
  protected:
   friend class ::testing::Expectation;
   friend class UntypedFunctionMockerBase;
@@ -747,82 +760,82 @@ class ExpectationBase {
     cardinality_ = a_cardinality;
   }
 
   // The following group of methods should only be called after the
   // EXPECT_CALL() statement, and only when g_gmock_mutex is held by
   // the current thread.
 
   // Retires all pre-requisites of this expectation.
-  // L >= g_gmock_mutex
-  void RetireAllPreRequisites();
+  void RetireAllPreRequisites()
+      GTEST_EXCLUSIVE_LOCK_REQUIRED_(g_gmock_mutex);
 
   // Returns true iff this expectation is retired.
-  // L >= g_gmock_mutex
-  bool is_retired() const {
+  bool is_retired() const
+      GTEST_EXCLUSIVE_LOCK_REQUIRED_(g_gmock_mutex) {
     g_gmock_mutex.AssertHeld();
     return retired_;
   }
 
   // Retires this expectation.
-  // L >= g_gmock_mutex
-  void Retire() {
+  void Retire()
+      GTEST_EXCLUSIVE_LOCK_REQUIRED_(g_gmock_mutex) {
     g_gmock_mutex.AssertHeld();
     retired_ = true;
   }
 
   // Returns true iff this expectation is satisfied.
-  // L >= g_gmock_mutex
-  bool IsSatisfied() const {
+  bool IsSatisfied() const
+      GTEST_EXCLUSIVE_LOCK_REQUIRED_(g_gmock_mutex) {
     g_gmock_mutex.AssertHeld();
     return cardinality().IsSatisfiedByCallCount(call_count_);
   }
 
   // Returns true iff this expectation is saturated.
-  // L >= g_gmock_mutex
-  bool IsSaturated() const {
+  bool IsSaturated() const
+      GTEST_EXCLUSIVE_LOCK_REQUIRED_(g_gmock_mutex) {
     g_gmock_mutex.AssertHeld();
     return cardinality().IsSaturatedByCallCount(call_count_);
   }
 
   // Returns true iff this expectation is over-saturated.
-  // L >= g_gmock_mutex
-  bool IsOverSaturated() const {
+  bool IsOverSaturated() const
+      GTEST_EXCLUSIVE_LOCK_REQUIRED_(g_gmock_mutex) {
     g_gmock_mutex.AssertHeld();
     return cardinality().IsOverSaturatedByCallCount(call_count_);
   }
 
   // Returns true iff all pre-requisites of this expectation are satisfied.
-  // L >= g_gmock_mutex
-  bool AllPrerequisitesAreSatisfied() const;
+  bool AllPrerequisitesAreSatisfied() const
+      GTEST_EXCLUSIVE_LOCK_REQUIRED_(g_gmock_mutex);
 
   // Adds unsatisfied pre-requisites of this expectation to 'result'.
-  // L >= g_gmock_mutex
-  void FindUnsatisfiedPrerequisites(ExpectationSet* result) const;
+  void FindUnsatisfiedPrerequisites(ExpectationSet* result) const
+      GTEST_EXCLUSIVE_LOCK_REQUIRED_(g_gmock_mutex);
 
   // Returns the number this expectation has been invoked.
-  // L >= g_gmock_mutex
-  int call_count() const {
+  int call_count() const
+      GTEST_EXCLUSIVE_LOCK_REQUIRED_(g_gmock_mutex) {
     g_gmock_mutex.AssertHeld();
     return call_count_;
   }
 
   // Increments the number this expectation has been invoked.
-  // L >= g_gmock_mutex
-  void IncrementCallCount() {
+  void IncrementCallCount()
+      GTEST_EXCLUSIVE_LOCK_REQUIRED_(g_gmock_mutex) {
     g_gmock_mutex.AssertHeld();
     call_count_++;
   }
 
   // Checks the action count (i.e. the number of WillOnce() and
   // WillRepeatedly() clauses) against the cardinality if this hasn't
   // been done before.  Prints a warning if there are too many or too
   // few actions.
-  // L < mutex_
-  void CheckActionCountIfNotDone() const;
+  void CheckActionCountIfNotDone() const
+      GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(mutex_);
 
   friend class ::testing::Sequence;
   friend class ::testing::internal::ExpectationTester;
 
   template <typename Function>
   friend class TypedExpectation;
 
   // Implements the .Times() clause.
@@ -1064,40 +1077,41 @@ class TypedExpectation : public Expectat
     return owner_->GetHandleOf(this);
   }
 
   // The following methods will be called only after the EXPECT_CALL()
   // statement finishes and when the current thread holds
   // g_gmock_mutex.
 
   // Returns true iff this expectation matches the given arguments.
-  // L >= g_gmock_mutex
-  bool Matches(const ArgumentTuple& args) const {
+  bool Matches(const ArgumentTuple& args) const
+      GTEST_EXCLUSIVE_LOCK_REQUIRED_(g_gmock_mutex) {
     g_gmock_mutex.AssertHeld();
     return TupleMatches(matchers_, args) && extra_matcher_.Matches(args);
   }
 
   // Returns true iff this expectation should handle the given arguments.
-  // L >= g_gmock_mutex
-  bool ShouldHandleArguments(const ArgumentTuple& args) const {
+  bool ShouldHandleArguments(const ArgumentTuple& args) const
+      GTEST_EXCLUSIVE_LOCK_REQUIRED_(g_gmock_mutex) {
     g_gmock_mutex.AssertHeld();
 
     // In case the action count wasn't checked when the expectation
     // was defined (e.g. if this expectation has no WillRepeatedly()
     // or RetiresOnSaturation() clause), we check it when the
     // expectation is used for the first time.
     CheckActionCountIfNotDone();
     return !is_retired() && AllPrerequisitesAreSatisfied() && Matches(args);
   }
 
   // Describes the result of matching the arguments against this
   // expectation to the given ostream.
-  // L >= g_gmock_mutex
-  void ExplainMatchResultTo(const ArgumentTuple& args,
-                            ::std::ostream* os) const {
+  void ExplainMatchResultTo(
+      const ArgumentTuple& args,
+      ::std::ostream* os) const
+          GTEST_EXCLUSIVE_LOCK_REQUIRED_(g_gmock_mutex) {
     g_gmock_mutex.AssertHeld();
 
     if (is_retired()) {
       *os << "         Expected: the expectation is active\n"
           << "           Actual: it is retired\n";
     } else if (!Matches(args)) {
       if (!TupleMatches(matchers_, args)) {
         ExplainMatchFailureTupleTo(matchers_, args, os);
@@ -1129,19 +1143,20 @@ class TypedExpectation : public Expectat
       // be executed as currently the ExplainMatchResultTo() function
       // is called only when the mock function call does NOT match the
       // expectation.
       *os << "The call matches the expectation.\n";
     }
   }
 
   // Returns the action that should be taken for the current invocation.
-  // L >= g_gmock_mutex
-  const Action<F>& GetCurrentAction(const FunctionMockerBase<F>* mocker,
-                                    const ArgumentTuple& args) const {
+  const Action<F>& GetCurrentAction(
+      const FunctionMockerBase<F>* mocker,
+      const ArgumentTuple& args) const
+          GTEST_EXCLUSIVE_LOCK_REQUIRED_(g_gmock_mutex) {
     g_gmock_mutex.AssertHeld();
     const int count = call_count();
     Assert(count >= 1, __FILE__, __LINE__,
            "call_count() is <= 0 when GetCurrentAction() is "
            "called - this should never happen.");
 
     const int action_count = static_cast<int>(untyped_actions_.size());
     if (action_count > 0 && !repeated_action_specified_ &&
@@ -1150,36 +1165,37 @@ class TypedExpectation : public Expectat
       // we warn the user when the WillOnce() clauses ran out.
       ::std::stringstream ss;
       DescribeLocationTo(&ss);
       ss << "Actions ran out in " << source_text() << "...\n"
          << "Called " << count << " times, but only "
          << action_count << " WillOnce()"
          << (action_count == 1 ? " is" : "s are") << " specified - ";
       mocker->DescribeDefaultActionTo(args, &ss);
-      Log(WARNING, ss.str(), 1);
+      Log(kWarning, ss.str(), 1);
     }
 
     return count <= action_count ?
         *static_cast<const Action<F>*>(untyped_actions_[count - 1]) :
         repeated_action();
   }
 
   // Given the arguments of a mock function call, if the call will
   // over-saturate this expectation, returns the default action;
   // otherwise, returns the next action in this expectation.  Also
   // describes *what* happened to 'what', and explains *why* Google
   // Mock does it to 'why'.  This method is not const as it calls
   // IncrementCallCount().  A return value of NULL means the default
   // action.
-  // L >= g_gmock_mutex
-  const Action<F>* GetActionForArguments(const FunctionMockerBase<F>* mocker,
-                                         const ArgumentTuple& args,
-                                         ::std::ostream* what,
-                                         ::std::ostream* why) {
+  const Action<F>* GetActionForArguments(
+      const FunctionMockerBase<F>* mocker,
+      const ArgumentTuple& args,
+      ::std::ostream* what,
+      ::std::ostream* why)
+          GTEST_EXCLUSIVE_LOCK_REQUIRED_(g_gmock_mutex) {
     g_gmock_mutex.AssertHeld();
     if (IsSaturated()) {
       // We have an excessive call.
       IncrementCallCount();
       *what << "Mock function called more times than expected - ";
       mocker->DescribeDefaultActionTo(args, what);
       DescribeCallCountTo(why);
 
@@ -1217,19 +1233,19 @@ class TypedExpectation : public Expectat
 
 // Note: class MockSpec really belongs to the ::testing namespace.
 // However if we define it in ::testing, MSVC will complain when
 // classes in ::testing::internal declare it as a friend class
 // template.  To workaround this compiler bug, we define MockSpec in
 // ::testing::internal and import it into ::testing.
 
 // Logs a message including file and line number information.
-void LogWithLocation(testing::internal::LogSeverity severity,
-                     const char* file, int line,
-                     const string& message);
+GTEST_API_ void LogWithLocation(testing::internal::LogSeverity severity,
+                                const char* file, int line,
+                                const string& message);
 
 template <typename F>
 class MockSpec {
  public:
   typedef typename internal::Function<F>::ArgumentTuple ArgumentTuple;
   typedef typename internal::Function<F>::ArgumentMatcherTuple
       ArgumentMatcherTuple;
 
@@ -1237,27 +1253,27 @@ class MockSpec {
   // that the spec is associated with.
   explicit MockSpec(internal::FunctionMockerBase<F>* function_mocker)
       : function_mocker_(function_mocker) {}
 
   // Adds a new default action spec to the function mocker and returns
   // the newly created spec.
   internal::OnCallSpec<F>& InternalDefaultActionSetAt(
       const char* file, int line, const char* obj, const char* call) {
-    LogWithLocation(internal::INFO, file, line,
+    LogWithLocation(internal::kInfo, file, line,
         string("ON_CALL(") + obj + ", " + call + ") invoked");
     return function_mocker_->AddNewOnCallSpec(file, line, matchers_);
   }
 
   // Adds a new expectation spec to the function mocker and returns
   // the newly created spec.
   internal::TypedExpectation<F>& InternalExpectedAt(
       const char* file, int line, const char* obj, const char* call) {
     const string source_text(string("EXPECT_CALL(") + obj + ", " + call + ")");
-    LogWithLocation(internal::INFO, file, line, source_text + " invoked");
+    LogWithLocation(internal::kInfo, file, line, source_text + " invoked");
     return function_mocker_->AddNewExpectation(
         file, line, source_text, matchers_);
   }
 
  private:
   template <typename Function>
   friend class internal::FunctionMocker;
 
@@ -1268,16 +1284,67 @@ class MockSpec {
   // The function mocker that owns this spec.
   internal::FunctionMockerBase<F>* const function_mocker_;
   // The argument matchers specified in the spec.
   ArgumentMatcherTuple matchers_;
 
   GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(MockSpec);
 };  // class MockSpec
 
+// Wrapper type for generically holding an ordinary value or lvalue reference.
+// If T is not a reference type, it must be copyable or movable.
+// ReferenceOrValueWrapper<T> is movable, and will also be copyable unless
+// T is a move-only value type (which means that it will always be copyable
+// if the current platform does not support move semantics).
+//
+// The primary template defines handling for values, but function header
+// comments describe the contract for the whole template (including
+// specializations).
+template <typename T>
+class ReferenceOrValueWrapper {
+ public:
+  // Constructs a wrapper from the given value/reference.
+  explicit ReferenceOrValueWrapper(T value)
+      : value_(::testing::internal::move(value)) {
+  }
+
+  // Unwraps and returns the underlying value/reference, exactly as
+  // originally passed. The behavior of calling this more than once on
+  // the same object is unspecified.
+  T Unwrap() { return ::testing::internal::move(value_); }
+
+  // Provides nondestructive access to the underlying value/reference.
+  // Always returns a const reference (more precisely,
+  // const RemoveReference<T>&). The behavior of calling this after
+  // calling Unwrap on the same object is unspecified.
+  const T& Peek() const {
+    return value_;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  T value_;
+};
+
+// Specialization for lvalue reference types. See primary template
+// for documentation.
+template <typename T>
+class ReferenceOrValueWrapper<T&> {
+ public:
+  // Workaround for debatable pass-by-reference lint warning (c-library-team
+  // policy precludes NOLINT in this context)
+  typedef T& reference;
+  explicit ReferenceOrValueWrapper(reference ref)
+      : value_ptr_(&ref) {}
+  T& Unwrap() { return *value_ptr_; }
+  const T& Peek() const { return *value_ptr_; }
+
+ private:
+  T* value_ptr_;
+};
+
 // MSVC warns about using 'this' in base member initializer list, so
 // we need to temporarily disable the warning.  We have to do it for
 // the entire class to suppress the warning, even though it's about
 // the constructor only.
 
 #ifdef _MSC_VER
 # pragma warning(push)          // Saves the current warning state.
 # pragma warning(disable:4355)  // Temporarily disables warning 4355.
@@ -1299,90 +1366,92 @@ class UntypedActionResultHolderBase {
   // Prints the held value as an action's result to os.
   virtual void PrintAsActionResult(::std::ostream* os) const = 0;
 };
 
 // This generic definition is used when T is not void.
 template <typename T>
 class ActionResultHolder : public UntypedActionResultHolderBase {
  public:
-  explicit ActionResultHolder(T a_value) : value_(a_value) {}
-
-  // The compiler-generated copy constructor and assignment operator
-  // are exactly what we need, so we don't need to define them.
-
-  // Returns the held value and deletes this object.
-  T GetValueAndDelete() const {
-    T retval(value_);
-    delete this;
-    return retval;
+  // Returns the held value. Must not be called more than once.
+  T Unwrap() {
+    return result_.Unwrap();
   }
 
   // Prints the held value as an action's result to os.
   virtual void PrintAsActionResult(::std::ostream* os) const {
     *os << "\n          Returns: ";
     // T may be a reference type, so we don't use UniversalPrint().
-    UniversalPrinter<T>::Print(value_, os);
+    UniversalPrinter<T>::Print(result_.Peek(), os);
   }
 
   // Performs the given mock function's default action and returns the
   // result in a new-ed ActionResultHolder.
   template <typename F>
   static ActionResultHolder* PerformDefaultAction(
       const FunctionMockerBase<F>* func_mocker,
       const typename Function<F>::ArgumentTuple& args,
       const string& call_description) {
-    return new ActionResultHolder(
-        func_mocker->PerformDefaultAction(args, call_description));
+    return new ActionResultHolder(Wrapper(
+        func_mocker->PerformDefaultAction(args, call_description)));
   }
 
   // Performs the given action and returns the result in a new-ed
   // ActionResultHolder.
   template <typename F>
   static ActionResultHolder*
   PerformAction(const Action<F>& action,
                 const typename Function<F>::ArgumentTuple& args) {
-    return new ActionResultHolder(action.Perform(args));
+    return new ActionResultHolder(Wrapper(action.Perform(args)));
   }
 
  private:
-  T value_;
+  typedef ReferenceOrValueWrapper<T> Wrapper;
 
-  // T could be a reference type, so = isn't supported.
-  GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(ActionResultHolder);
+  explicit ActionResultHolder(Wrapper result)
+      : result_(::testing::internal::move(result)) {
+  }
+
+  Wrapper result_;
+
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(ActionResultHolder);
 };
 
 // Specialization for T = void.
 template <>
 class ActionResultHolder<void> : public UntypedActionResultHolderBase {
  public:
-  explicit ActionResultHolder() {}
-
-  void GetValueAndDelete() const { delete this; }
+  void Unwrap() { }
 
   virtual void PrintAsActionResult(::std::ostream* /* os */) const {}
 
-  // Performs the given mock function's default action and returns NULL;
+  // Performs the given mock function's default action and returns ownership
+  // of an empty ActionResultHolder*.
   template <typename F>
   static ActionResultHolder* PerformDefaultAction(
       const FunctionMockerBase<F>* func_mocker,
       const typename Function<F>::ArgumentTuple& args,
       const string& call_description) {
     func_mocker->PerformDefaultAction(args, call_description);
-    return new ActionResultHolder();
+    return new ActionResultHolder;
   }
 
-  // Performs the given action and returns NULL.
+  // Performs the given action and returns ownership of an empty
+  // ActionResultHolder*.
   template <typename F>
   static ActionResultHolder* PerformAction(
       const Action<F>& action,
       const typename Function<F>::ArgumentTuple& args) {
     action.Perform(args);
-    return new ActionResultHolder();
+    return new ActionResultHolder;
   }
+
+ private:
+  ActionResultHolder() {}
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(ActionResultHolder);
 };
 
 // The base of the function mocker class for the given function type.
 // We put the methods in this class instead of its child to avoid code
 // bloat.
 template <typename F>
 class FunctionMockerBase : public UntypedFunctionMockerBase {
  public:
@@ -1390,18 +1459,18 @@ class FunctionMockerBase : public Untype
   typedef typename Function<F>::ArgumentTuple ArgumentTuple;
   typedef typename Function<F>::ArgumentMatcherTuple ArgumentMatcherTuple;
 
   FunctionMockerBase() : current_spec_(this) {}
 
   // The destructor verifies that all expectations on this mock
   // function have been satisfied.  If not, it will report Google Test
   // non-fatal failures for the violations.
-  // L < g_gmock_mutex
-  virtual ~FunctionMockerBase() {
+  virtual ~FunctionMockerBase()
+        GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(g_gmock_mutex) {
     MutexLock l(&g_gmock_mutex);
     VerifyAndClearExpectationsLocked();
     Mock::UnregisterLocked(this);
     ClearDefaultActionsLocked();
   }
 
   // Returns the ON_CALL spec that matches this mock function with the
   // given arguments; returns NULL if no matching ON_CALL is found.
@@ -1414,31 +1483,40 @@ class FunctionMockerBase : public Untype
       const OnCallSpec<F>* spec = static_cast<const OnCallSpec<F>*>(*it);
       if (spec->Matches(args))
         return spec;
     }
 
     return NULL;
   }
 
-  // Performs the default action of this mock function on the given arguments
-  // and returns the result. Asserts with a helpful call descrption if there is
-  // no valid return value. This method doesn't depend on the mutable state of
-  // this object, and thus can be called concurrently without locking.
+  // Performs the default action of this mock function on the given
+  // arguments and returns the result. Asserts (or throws if
+  // exceptions are enabled) with a helpful call descrption if there
+  // is no valid return value. This method doesn't depend on the
+  // mutable state of this object, and thus can be called concurrently
+  // without locking.
   // L = *
   Result PerformDefaultAction(const ArgumentTuple& args,
                               const string& call_description) const {
     const OnCallSpec<F>* const spec =
         this->FindOnCallSpec(args);
     if (spec != NULL) {
       return spec->GetAction().Perform(args);
     }
-    Assert(DefaultValue<Result>::Exists(), "", -1,
-           call_description + "\n    The mock function has no default action "
-           "set, and its return type has no default value set.");
+    const string message = call_description +
+        "\n    The mock function has no default action "
+        "set, and its return type has no default value set.";
+#if GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
+    if (!DefaultValue<Result>::Exists()) {
+      throw std::runtime_error(message);
+    }
+#else
+    Assert(DefaultValue<Result>::Exists(), "", -1, message);
+#endif
     return DefaultValue<Result>::Get();
   }
 
   // Performs the default action with the given arguments and returns
   // the action's result.  The call description string will be used in
   // the error message to describe the call in the case the default
   // action fails.  The caller is responsible for deleting the result.
   // L = *
@@ -1461,60 +1539,76 @@ class FunctionMockerBase : public Untype
     const Action<F> action = *static_cast<const Action<F>*>(untyped_action);
     const ArgumentTuple& args =
         *static_cast<const ArgumentTuple*>(untyped_args);
     return ResultHolder::PerformAction(action, args);
   }
 
   // Implements UntypedFunctionMockerBase::ClearDefaultActionsLocked():
   // clears the ON_CALL()s set on this mock function.
-  // L >= g_gmock_mutex
-  virtual void ClearDefaultActionsLocked() {
+  virtual void ClearDefaultActionsLocked()
+      GTEST_EXCLUSIVE_LOCK_REQUIRED_(g_gmock_mutex) {
     g_gmock_mutex.AssertHeld();
+
+    // Deleting our default actions may trigger other mock objects to be
+    // deleted, for example if an action contains a reference counted smart
+    // pointer to that mock object, and that is the last reference. So if we
+    // delete our actions within the context of the global mutex we may deadlock
+    // when this method is called again. Instead, make a copy of the set of
+    // actions to delete, clear our set within the mutex, and then delete the
+    // actions outside of the mutex.
+    UntypedOnCallSpecs specs_to_delete;
+    untyped_on_call_specs_.swap(specs_to_delete);
+
+    g_gmock_mutex.Unlock();
     for (UntypedOnCallSpecs::const_iterator it =
-             untyped_on_call_specs_.begin();
-         it != untyped_on_call_specs_.end(); ++it) {
+             specs_to_delete.begin();
+         it != specs_to_delete.end(); ++it) {
       delete static_cast<const OnCallSpec<F>*>(*it);
     }
-    untyped_on_call_specs_.clear();
+
+    // Lock the mutex again, since the caller expects it to be locked when we
+    // return.
+    g_gmock_mutex.Lock();
   }
 
  protected:
   template <typename Function>
   friend class MockSpec;
 
   typedef ActionResultHolder<Result> ResultHolder;
 
   // Returns the result of invoking this mock function with the given
   // arguments.  This function can be safely called from multiple
   // threads concurrently.
-  // L < g_gmock_mutex
-  Result InvokeWith(const ArgumentTuple& args) {
-    return static_cast<const ResultHolder*>(
-        this->UntypedInvokeWith(&args))->GetValueAndDelete();
+  Result InvokeWith(const ArgumentTuple& args)
+        GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(g_gmock_mutex) {
+    scoped_ptr<ResultHolder> holder(
+        DownCast_<ResultHolder*>(this->UntypedInvokeWith(&args)));
+    return holder->Unwrap();
   }
 
   // Adds and returns a default action spec for this mock function.
-  // L < g_gmock_mutex
   OnCallSpec<F>& AddNewOnCallSpec(
       const char* file, int line,
-      const ArgumentMatcherTuple& m) {
+      const ArgumentMatcherTuple& m)
+          GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(g_gmock_mutex) {
     Mock::RegisterUseByOnCallOrExpectCall(MockObject(), file, line);
     OnCallSpec<F>* const on_call_spec = new OnCallSpec<F>(file, line, m);
     untyped_on_call_specs_.push_back(on_call_spec);
     return *on_call_spec;
   }
 
   // Adds and returns an expectation spec for this mock function.
-  // L < g_gmock_mutex
   TypedExpectation<F>& AddNewExpectation(
       const char* file,
       int line,
       const string& source_text,
-      const ArgumentMatcherTuple& m) {
+      const ArgumentMatcherTuple& m)
+          GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(g_gmock_mutex) {
     Mock::RegisterUseByOnCallOrExpectCall(MockObject(), file, line);
     TypedExpectation<F>* const expectation =
         new TypedExpectation<F>(this, file, line, source_text, m);
     const linked_ptr<ExpectationBase> untyped_expectation(expectation);
     untyped_expectations_.push_back(untyped_expectation);
 
     // Adds this expectation into the implicit sequence if there is one.
     Sequence* const implicit_sequence = g_gmock_implicit_sequence.get();
@@ -1549,19 +1643,20 @@ class FunctionMockerBase : public Untype
       *os << "taking default action specified at:\n"
           << FormatFileLocation(spec->file(), spec->line()) << "\n";
     }
   }
 
   // Writes a message that the call is uninteresting (i.e. neither
   // explicitly expected nor explicitly unexpected) to the given
   // ostream.
-  // L < g_gmock_mutex
-  virtual void UntypedDescribeUninterestingCall(const void* untyped_args,
-                                                ::std::ostream* os) const {
+  virtual void UntypedDescribeUninterestingCall(
+      const void* untyped_args,
+      ::std::ostream* os) const
+          GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(g_gmock_mutex) {
     const ArgumentTuple& args =
         *static_cast<const ArgumentTuple*>(untyped_args);
     *os << "Uninteresting mock function call - ";
     DescribeDefaultActionTo(args, os);
     *os << "    Function call: " << Name();
     UniversalPrint(args, os);
   }
 
@@ -1576,21 +1671,21 @@ class FunctionMockerBase : public Untype
   // corresponding action that needs to be taken in an ATOMIC
   // transaction.  Otherwise another thread may call this mock
   // method in the middle and mess up the state.
   //
   // However, performing the action has to be left out of the critical
   // section.  The reason is that we have no control on what the
   // action does (it can invoke an arbitrary user function or even a
   // mock function) and excessive locking could cause a dead lock.
-  // L < g_gmock_mutex
   virtual const ExpectationBase* UntypedFindMatchingExpectation(
       const void* untyped_args,
       const void** untyped_action, bool* is_excessive,
-      ::std::ostream* what, ::std::ostream* why) {
+      ::std::ostream* what, ::std::ostream* why)
+          GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(g_gmock_mutex) {
     const ArgumentTuple& args =
         *static_cast<const ArgumentTuple*>(untyped_args);
     MutexLock l(&g_gmock_mutex);
     TypedExpectation<F>* exp = this->FindMatchingExpectationLocked(args);
     if (exp == NULL) {  // A match wasn't found.
       this->FormatUnexpectedCallMessageLocked(args, what, why);
       return NULL;
     }
@@ -1611,48 +1706,50 @@ class FunctionMockerBase : public Untype
                                 ::std::ostream* os) const {
     const ArgumentTuple& args =
         *static_cast<const ArgumentTuple*>(untyped_args);
     UniversalPrint(args, os);
   }
 
   // Returns the expectation that matches the arguments, or NULL if no
   // expectation matches them.
-  // L >= g_gmock_mutex
   TypedExpectation<F>* FindMatchingExpectationLocked(
-      const ArgumentTuple& args) const {
+      const ArgumentTuple& args) const
+          GTEST_EXCLUSIVE_LOCK_REQUIRED_(g_gmock_mutex) {
     g_gmock_mutex.AssertHeld();
     for (typename UntypedExpectations::const_reverse_iterator it =
              untyped_expectations_.rbegin();
          it != untyped_expectations_.rend(); ++it) {
       TypedExpectation<F>* const exp =
           static_cast<TypedExpectation<F>*>(it->get());
       if (exp->ShouldHandleArguments(args)) {
         return exp;
       }
     }
     return NULL;
   }
 
   // Returns a message that the arguments don't match any expectation.
-  // L >= g_gmock_mutex
-  void FormatUnexpectedCallMessageLocked(const ArgumentTuple& args,
-                                         ::std::ostream* os,
-                                         ::std::ostream* why) const {
+  void FormatUnexpectedCallMessageLocked(
+      const ArgumentTuple& args,
+      ::std::ostream* os,
+      ::std::ostream* why) const
+          GTEST_EXCLUSIVE_LOCK_REQUIRED_(g_gmock_mutex) {
     g_gmock_mutex.AssertHeld();
     *os << "\nUnexpected mock function call - ";
     DescribeDefaultActionTo(args, os);
     PrintTriedExpectationsLocked(args, why);
   }
 
   // Prints a list of expectations that have been tried against the
   // current mock function call.
-  // L >= g_gmock_mutex
-  void PrintTriedExpectationsLocked(const ArgumentTuple& args,
-                                    ::std::ostream* why) const {
+  void PrintTriedExpectationsLocked(
+      const ArgumentTuple& args,
+      ::std::ostream* why) const
+          GTEST_EXCLUSIVE_LOCK_REQUIRED_(g_gmock_mutex) {
     g_gmock_mutex.AssertHeld();
     const int count = static_cast<int>(untyped_expectations_.size());
     *why << "Google Mock tried the following " << count << " "
          << (count == 1 ? "expectation, but it didn't match" :
              "expectations, but none matched")
          << ":\n";
     for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
       TypedExpectation<F>* const expectation =
@@ -1691,17 +1788,16 @@ class FunctionMockerBase : public Untype
 # pragma warning(pop)  // Restores the warning state.
 #endif  // _MSV_VER
 
 // Implements methods of FunctionMockerBase.
 
 // Verifies that all expectations on this mock function have been
 // satisfied.  Reports one or more Google Test non-fatal failures and
 // returns false if not.
-// L >= g_gmock_mutex
 
 // Reports an uninteresting call (whose description is in msg) in the
 // manner specified by 'reaction'.
 void ReportUninterestingCall(CallReaction reaction, const string& msg);
 
 }  // namespace internal
 
 // The style guide prohibits "using" statements in a namespace scope
--- a/testing/gtest/gmock/include/gmock/gmock.h
+++ b/testing/gtest/gmock/include/gmock/gmock.h
@@ -54,20 +54,21 @@
 //     .RetiresOnSaturation() ? ;
 //
 // where all clauses are optional and WillOnce() can be repeated.
 
 #include "gmock/gmock-actions.h"
 #include "gmock/gmock-cardinalities.h"
 #include "gmock/gmock-generated-actions.h"
 #include "gmock/gmock-generated-function-mockers.h"
+#include "gmock/gmock-generated-nice-strict.h"
 #include "gmock/gmock-generated-matchers.h"
+#include "gmock/gmock-matchers.h"
 #include "gmock/gmock-more-actions.h"
-#include "gmock/gmock-generated-nice-strict.h"
-#include "gmock/gmock-matchers.h"
+#include "gmock/gmock-more-matchers.h"
 #include "gmock/internal/gmock-internal-utils.h"
 
 namespace testing {
 
 // Declares Google Mock flags that we want a user to use programmatically.
 GMOCK_DECLARE_bool_(catch_leaked_mocks);
 GMOCK_DECLARE_string_(verbose);
 
@@ -77,17 +78,17 @@ GMOCK_DECLARE_string_(verbose);
 // it is removed from argv, and *argc is decremented.
 //
 // No value is returned.  Instead, the Google Mock flag variables are
 // updated.
 //
 // Since Google Test is needed for Google Mock to work, this function
 // also initializes Google Test and parses its flags, if that hasn't
 // been done.
-void InitGoogleMock(int* argc, char** argv);
+GTEST_API_ void InitGoogleMock(int* argc, char** argv);
 
 // This overloaded version can be used in Windows programs compiled in
 // UNICODE mode.
-void InitGoogleMock(int* argc, wchar_t** argv);
+GTEST_API_ void InitGoogleMock(int* argc, wchar_t** argv);
 
 }  // namespace testing
 
 #endif  // GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_GMOCK_H_
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/gtest/gmock/include/gmock/internal/custom/gmock-generated-actions.h
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+// This file was GENERATED by command:
+//     pump.py gmock-generated-actions.h.pump
+// DO NOT EDIT BY HAND!!!
+
+#ifndef GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_INTERNAL_CUSTOM_GMOCK_GENERATED_ACTIONS_H_
+#define GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_INTERNAL_CUSTOM_GMOCK_GENERATED_ACTIONS_H_
+
+#endif  // GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_INTERNAL_CUSTOM_GMOCK_GENERATED_ACTIONS_H_
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/gtest/gmock/include/gmock/internal/custom/gmock-generated-actions.h.pump
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+$$ -*- mode: c++; -*-
+$$ This is a Pump source file (http://go/pump).  Please use Pump to convert
+$$ it to callback-actions.h.
+$$
+$var max_callback_arity = 5
+$$}} This meta comment fixes auto-indentation in editors.
+#ifndef GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_INTERNAL_CUSTOM_GMOCK_GENERATED_ACTIONS_H_
+#define GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_INTERNAL_CUSTOM_GMOCK_GENERATED_ACTIONS_H_
+
+#endif  // GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_INTERNAL_CUSTOM_GMOCK_GENERATED_ACTIONS_H_
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/gtest/gmock/include/gmock/internal/custom/gmock-matchers.h
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+// Copyright 2015, Google Inc.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// ============================================================
+// An installation-specific extension point for gmock-matchers.h.
+// ============================================================
+//
+// Adds google3 callback support to CallableTraits.
+//
+#ifndef GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_INTERNAL_CUSTOM_CALLBACK_MATCHERS_H_
+#define GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_INTERNAL_CUSTOM_CALLBACK_MATCHERS_H_
+
+#endif  //  GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_INTERNAL_CUSTOM_CALLBACK_MATCHERS_H_
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/gtest/gmock/include/gmock/internal/custom/gmock-port.h
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+// Copyright 2015, Google Inc.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// Injection point for custom user configurations.
+// The following macros can be defined:
+//
+//   Flag related macros:
+//     GMOCK_DECLARE_bool_(name)
+//     GMOCK_DECLARE_int32_(name)
+//     GMOCK_DECLARE_string_(name)
+//     GMOCK_DEFINE_bool_(name, default_val, doc)
+//     GMOCK_DEFINE_int32_(name, default_val, doc)
+//     GMOCK_DEFINE_string_(name, default_val, doc)
+//
+// ** Custom implementation starts here **
+
+#ifndef GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_INTERNAL_CUSTOM_GMOCK_PORT_H_
+#define GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_INTERNAL_CUSTOM_GMOCK_PORT_H_
+
+#endif  // GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_INTERNAL_CUSTOM_GMOCK_PORT_H_
--- a/testing/gtest/gmock/include/gmock/internal/gmock-generated-internal-utils.h
+++ b/testing/gtest/gmock/include/gmock/internal/gmock-generated-internal-utils.h
@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
-// This file was GENERATED by a script.  DO NOT EDIT BY HAND!!!
+// This file was GENERATED by command:
+//     pump.py gmock-generated-internal-utils.h.pump
+// DO NOT EDIT BY HAND!!!
 
 // Copyright 2007, Google Inc.
 // All rights reserved.
 //
 // Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 // modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
 // met:
 //
@@ -53,89 +55,89 @@ namespace internal {
 class IgnoredValue {
  public:
   // This constructor template allows any value to be implicitly
   // converted to IgnoredValue.  The object has no data member and
   // doesn't try to remember anything about the argument.  We
   // deliberately omit the 'explicit' keyword in order to allow the
   // conversion to be implicit.
   template <typename T>
-  IgnoredValue(const T&) {}
+  IgnoredValue(const T& /* ignored */) {}  // NOLINT(runtime/explicit)
 };
 
 // MatcherTuple<T>::type is a tuple type where each field is a Matcher
 // for the corresponding field in tuple type T.
 template <typename Tuple>
 struct MatcherTuple;
 
 template <>
-struct MatcherTuple< ::std::tr1::tuple<> > {
-  typedef ::std::tr1::tuple< > type;
+struct MatcherTuple< ::testing::tuple<> > {
+  typedef ::testing::tuple< > type;
 };
 
 template <typename A1>
-struct MatcherTuple< ::std::tr1::tuple<A1> > {
-  typedef ::std::tr1::tuple<Matcher<A1> > type;
+struct MatcherTuple< ::testing::tuple<A1> > {
+  typedef ::testing::tuple<Matcher<A1> > type;
 };
 
 template <typename A1, typename A2>
-struct MatcherTuple< ::std::tr1::tuple<A1, A2> > {
-  typedef ::std::tr1::tuple<Matcher<A1>, Matcher<A2> > type;
+struct MatcherTuple< ::testing::tuple<A1, A2> > {
+  typedef ::testing::tuple<Matcher<A1>, Matcher<A2> > type;
 };
 
 template <typename A1, typename A2, typename A3>
-struct MatcherTuple< ::std::tr1::tuple<A1, A2, A3> > {
-  typedef ::std::tr1::tuple<Matcher<A1>, Matcher<A2>, Matcher<A3> > type;
+struct MatcherTuple< ::testing::tuple<A1, A2, A3> > {
+  typedef ::testing::tuple<Matcher<A1>, Matcher<A2>, Matcher<A3> > type;
 };
 
 template <typename A1, typename A2, typename A3, typename A4>
-struct MatcherTuple< ::std::tr1::tuple<A1, A2, A3, A4> > {
-  typedef ::std::tr1::tuple<Matcher<A1>, Matcher<A2>, Matcher<A3>,
+struct MatcherTuple< ::testing::tuple<A1, A2, A3, A4> > {
+  typedef ::testing::tuple<Matcher<A1>, Matcher<A2>, Matcher<A3>,
       Matcher<A4> > type;
 };
 
 template <typename A1, typename A2, typename A3, typename A4, typename A5>
-struct MatcherTuple< ::std::tr1::tuple<A1, A2, A3, A4, A5> > {
-  typedef ::std::tr1::tuple<Matcher<A1>, Matcher<A2>, Matcher<A3>, Matcher<A4>,
+struct MatcherTuple< ::testing::tuple<A1, A2, A3, A4, A5> > {
+  typedef ::testing::tuple<Matcher<A1>, Matcher<A2>, Matcher<A3>, Matcher<A4>,
       Matcher<A5> > type;
 };
 
 template <typename A1, typename A2, typename A3, typename A4, typename A5,
     typename A6>
-struct MatcherTuple< ::std::tr1::tuple<A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6> > {
-  typedef ::std::tr1::tuple<Matcher<A1>, Matcher<A2>, Matcher<A3>, Matcher<A4>,
+struct MatcherTuple< ::testing::tuple<A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6> > {
+  typedef ::testing::tuple<Matcher<A1>, Matcher<A2>, Matcher<A3>, Matcher<A4>,
       Matcher<A5>, Matcher<A6> > type;
 };
 
 template <typename A1, typename A2, typename A3, typename A4, typename A5,
     typename A6, typename A7>
-struct MatcherTuple< ::std::tr1::tuple<A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7> > {
-  typedef ::std::tr1::tuple<Matcher<A1>, Matcher<A2>, Matcher<A3>, Matcher<A4>,
+struct MatcherTuple< ::testing::tuple<A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7> > {
+  typedef ::testing::tuple<Matcher<A1>, Matcher<A2>, Matcher<A3>, Matcher<A4>,
       Matcher<A5>, Matcher<A6>, Matcher<A7> > type;
 };
 
 template <typename A1, typename A2, typename A3, typename A4, typename A5,
     typename A6, typename A7, typename A8>
-struct MatcherTuple< ::std::tr1::tuple<A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8> > {
-  typedef ::std::tr1::tuple<Matcher<A1>, Matcher<A2>, Matcher<A3>, Matcher<A4>,
+struct MatcherTuple< ::testing::tuple<A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8> > {
+  typedef ::testing::tuple<Matcher<A1>, Matcher<A2>, Matcher<A3>, Matcher<A4>,
       Matcher<A5>, Matcher<A6>, Matcher<A7>, Matcher<A8> > type;
 };
 
 template <typename A1, typename A2, typename A3, typename A4, typename A5,
     typename A6, typename A7, typename A8, typename A9>
-struct MatcherTuple< ::std::tr1::tuple<A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8, A9> > {
-  typedef ::std::tr1::tuple<Matcher<A1>, Matcher<A2>, Matcher<A3>, Matcher<A4>,
+struct MatcherTuple< ::testing::tuple<A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8, A9> > {
+  typedef ::testing::tuple<Matcher<A1>, Matcher<A2>, Matcher<A3>, Matcher<A4>,
       Matcher<A5>, Matcher<A6>, Matcher<A7>, Matcher<A8>, Matcher<A9> > type;
 };
 
 template <typename A1, typename A2, typename A3, typename A4, typename A5,
     typename A6, typename A7, typename A8, typename A9, typename A10>
-struct MatcherTuple< ::std::tr1::tuple<A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8, A9,
+struct MatcherTuple< ::testing::tuple<A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8, A9,
     A10> > {
-  typedef ::std::tr1::tuple<Matcher<A1>, Matcher<A2>, Matcher<A3>, Matcher<A4>,
+  typedef ::testing::tuple<Matcher<A1>, Matcher<A2>, Matcher<A3>, Matcher<A4>,
       Matcher<A5>, Matcher<A6>, Matcher<A7>, Matcher<A8>, Matcher<A9>,
       Matcher<A10> > type;
 };
 
 // Template struct Function<F>, where F must be a function type, contains
 // the following typedefs:
 //
 //   Result:               the function's return type.
@@ -149,125 +151,125 @@ struct MatcherTuple< ::std::tr1::tuple<A
 //                         the function type obtained by substituting Something
 //                         for the return type of F.
 template <typename F>
 struct Function;
 
 template <typename R>
 struct Function<R()> {
   typedef R Result;
-  typedef ::std::tr1::tuple<> ArgumentTuple;
+  typedef ::testing::tuple<> ArgumentTuple;
   typedef typename MatcherTuple<ArgumentTuple>::type ArgumentMatcherTuple;
   typedef void MakeResultVoid();
   typedef IgnoredValue MakeResultIgnoredValue();
 };
 
 template <typename R, typename A1>
 struct Function<R(A1)>
     : Function<R()> {
   typedef A1 Argument1;
-  typedef ::std::tr1::tuple<A1> ArgumentTuple;
+  typedef ::testing::tuple<A1> ArgumentTuple;
   typedef typename MatcherTuple<ArgumentTuple>::type ArgumentMatcherTuple;
   typedef void MakeResultVoid(A1);
   typedef IgnoredValue MakeResultIgnoredValue(A1);
 };
 
 template <typename R, typename A1, typename A2>
 struct Function<R(A1, A2)>
     : Function<R(A1)> {
   typedef A2 Argument2;
-  typedef ::std::tr1::tuple<A1, A2> ArgumentTuple;
+  typedef ::testing::tuple<A1, A2> ArgumentTuple;
   typedef typename MatcherTuple<ArgumentTuple>::type ArgumentMatcherTuple;
   typedef void MakeResultVoid(A1, A2);
   typedef IgnoredValue MakeResultIgnoredValue(A1, A2);
 };
 
 template <typename R, typename A1, typename A2, typename A3>
 struct Function<R(A1, A2, A3)>
     : Function<R(A1, A2)> {
   typedef A3 Argument3;
-  typedef ::std::tr1::tuple<A1, A2, A3> ArgumentTuple;
+  typedef ::testing::tuple<A1, A2, A3> ArgumentTuple;
   typedef typename MatcherTuple<ArgumentTuple>::type ArgumentMatcherTuple;
   typedef void MakeResultVoid(A1, A2, A3);
   typedef IgnoredValue MakeResultIgnoredValue(A1, A2, A3);
 };
 
 template <typename R, typename A1, typename A2, typename A3, typename A4>
 struct Function<R(A1, A2, A3, A4)>
     : Function<R(A1, A2, A3)> {
   typedef A4 Argument4;
-  typedef ::std::tr1::tuple<A1, A2, A3, A4> ArgumentTuple;
+  typedef ::testing::tuple<A1, A2, A3, A4> ArgumentTuple;
   typedef typename MatcherTuple<ArgumentTuple>::type ArgumentMatcherTuple;
   typedef void MakeResultVoid(A1, A2, A3, A4);
   typedef IgnoredValue MakeResultIgnoredValue(A1, A2, A3, A4);
 };
 
 template <typename R, typename A1, typename A2, typename A3, typename A4,
     typename A5>
 struct Function<R(A1, A2, A3, A4, A5)>
     : Function<R(A1, A2, A3, A4)> {
   typedef A5 Argument5;
-  typedef ::std::tr1::tuple<A1, A2, A3, A4, A5> ArgumentTuple;
+  typedef ::testing::tuple<A1, A2, A3, A4, A5> ArgumentTuple;
   typedef typename MatcherTuple<ArgumentTuple>::type ArgumentMatcherTuple;
   typedef void MakeResultVoid(A1, A2, A3, A4, A5);
   typedef IgnoredValue MakeResultIgnoredValue(A1, A2, A3, A4, A5);
 };
 
 template <typename R, typename A1, typename A2, typename A3, typename A4,
     typename A5, typename A6>
 struct Function<R(A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6)>
     : Function<R(A1, A2, A3, A4, A5)> {
   typedef A6 Argument6;
-  typedef ::std::tr1::tuple<A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6> ArgumentTuple;
+  typedef ::testing::tuple<A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6> ArgumentTuple;
   typedef typename MatcherTuple<ArgumentTuple>::type ArgumentMatcherTuple;
   typedef void MakeResultVoid(A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6);
   typedef IgnoredValue MakeResultIgnoredValue(A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6);
 };
 
 template <typename R, typename A1, typename A2, typename A3, typename A4,
     typename A5, typename A6, typename A7>
 struct Function<R(A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7)>
     : Function<R(A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6)> {
   typedef A7 Argument7;
-  typedef ::std::tr1::tuple<A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7> ArgumentTuple;
+  typedef ::testing::tuple<A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7> ArgumentTuple;
   typedef typename MatcherTuple<ArgumentTuple>::type ArgumentMatcherTuple;
   typedef void MakeResultVoid(A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7);
   typedef IgnoredValue MakeResultIgnoredValue(A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7);
 };
 
 template <typename R, typename A1, typename A2, typename A3, typename A4,
     typename A5, typename A6, typename A7, typename A8>
 struct Function<R(A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8)>
     : Function<R(A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7)> {
   typedef A8 Argument8;
-  typedef ::std::tr1::tuple<A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8> ArgumentTuple;
+  typedef ::testing::tuple<A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8> ArgumentTuple;
   typedef typename MatcherTuple<ArgumentTuple>::type ArgumentMatcherTuple;
   typedef void MakeResultVoid(A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8);
   typedef IgnoredValue MakeResultIgnoredValue(A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8);
 };
 
 template <typename R, typename A1, typename A2, typename A3, typename A4,
     typename A5, typename A6, typename A7, typename A8, typename A9>
 struct Function<R(A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8, A9)>
     : Function<R(A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8)> {
   typedef A9 Argument9;
-  typedef ::std::tr1::tuple<A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8, A9> ArgumentTuple;
+  typedef ::testing::tuple<A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8, A9> ArgumentTuple;
   typedef typename MatcherTuple<ArgumentTuple>::type ArgumentMatcherTuple;
   typedef void MakeResultVoid(A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8, A9);
   typedef IgnoredValue MakeResultIgnoredValue(A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8,
       A9);
 };
 
 template <typename R, typename A1, typename A2, typename A3, typename A4,
     typename A5, typename A6, typename A7, typename A8, typename A9,
     typename A10>
 struct Function<R(A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8, A9, A10)>
     : Function<R(A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8, A9)> {
   typedef A10 Argument10;
-  typedef ::std::tr1::tuple<A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8, A9,
+  typedef ::testing::tuple<A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8, A9,
       A10> ArgumentTuple;
   typedef typename MatcherTuple<ArgumentTuple>::type ArgumentMatcherTuple;
   typedef void MakeResultVoid(A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8, A9, A10);
   typedef IgnoredValue MakeResultIgnoredValue(A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8,
       A9, A10);
 };
 
 }  // namespace internal
--- a/testing/gtest/gmock/include/gmock/internal/gmock-generated-internal-utils.h.pump
+++ b/testing/gtest/gmock/include/gmock/internal/gmock-generated-internal-utils.h.pump
@@ -56,34 +56,34 @@ namespace internal {
 class IgnoredValue {
  public:
   // This constructor template allows any value to be implicitly
   // converted to IgnoredValue.  The object has no data member and
   // doesn't try to remember anything about the argument.  We
   // deliberately omit the 'explicit' keyword in order to allow the
   // conversion to be implicit.
   template <typename T>
-  IgnoredValue(const T&) {}
+  IgnoredValue(const T& /* ignored */) {}  // NOLINT(runtime/explicit)
 };
 
 // MatcherTuple<T>::type is a tuple type where each field is a Matcher
 // for the corresponding field in tuple type T.
 template <typename Tuple>
 struct MatcherTuple;
 
 
 $range i 0..n
 $for i [[
 $range j 1..i
 $var typename_As = [[$for j, [[typename A$j]]]]
 $var As = [[$for j, [[A$j]]]]
 $var matcher_As = [[$for j, [[Matcher<A$j>]]]]
 template <$typename_As>
-struct MatcherTuple< ::std::tr1::tuple<$As> > {
-  typedef ::std::tr1::tuple<$matcher_As > type;
+struct MatcherTuple< ::testing::tuple<$As> > {
+  typedef ::testing::tuple<$matcher_As > type;
 };
 
 
 ]]
 // Template struct Function<F>, where F must be a function type, contains
 // the following typedefs:
 //
 //   Result:               the function's return type.
@@ -97,17 +97,17 @@ struct MatcherTuple< ::std::tr1::tuple<$
 //                         the function type obtained by substituting Something
 //                         for the return type of F.
 template <typename F>
 struct Function;
 
 template <typename R>
 struct Function<R()> {
   typedef R Result;
-  typedef ::std::tr1::tuple<> ArgumentTuple;
+  typedef ::testing::tuple<> ArgumentTuple;
   typedef typename MatcherTuple<ArgumentTuple>::type ArgumentMatcherTuple;
   typedef void MakeResultVoid();
   typedef IgnoredValue MakeResultIgnoredValue();
 };
 
 
 $range i 1..n
 $for i [[
@@ -116,17 +116,17 @@ struct Function<R()> {
 $var As = [[$for j, [[A$j]]]]
 $var matcher_As = [[$for j, [[Matcher<A$j>]]]]
 $range k 1..i-1
 $var prev_As = [[$for k, [[A$k]]]]
 template <typename R$typename_As>
 struct Function<R($As)>
     : Function<R($prev_As)> {
   typedef A$i Argument$i;
-  typedef ::std::tr1::tuple<$As> ArgumentTuple;
+  typedef ::testing::tuple<$As> ArgumentTuple;
   typedef typename MatcherTuple<ArgumentTuple>::type ArgumentMatcherTuple;
   typedef void MakeResultVoid($As);
   typedef IgnoredValue MakeResultIgnoredValue($As);
 };
 
 
 ]]
 }  // namespace internal
--- a/testing/gtest/gmock/include/gmock/internal/gmock-internal-utils.h
+++ b/testing/gtest/gmock/include/gmock/internal/gmock-internal-utils.h
@@ -48,17 +48,17 @@
 
 namespace testing {
 namespace internal {
 
 // Converts an identifier name to a space-separated list of lower-case
 // words.  Each maximum substring of the form [A-Za-z][a-z]*|\d+ is
 // treated as one word.  For example, both "FooBar123" and
 // "foo_bar_123" are converted to "foo bar 123".
-string ConvertIdentifierNameToWords(const char* id_name);
+GTEST_API_ string ConvertIdentifierNameToWords(const char* id_name);
 
 // PointeeOf<Pointer>::type is the type of a value pointed to by a
 // Pointer, which can be either a smart pointer or a raw pointer.  The
 // following default implementation is for the case where Pointer is a
 // smart pointer.
 template <typename Pointer>
 struct PointeeOf {
   // Smart pointer classes define type element_type as the type of
@@ -68,17 +68,17 @@ struct PointeeOf {
 // This specialization is for the raw pointer case.
 template <typename T>
 struct PointeeOf<T*> { typedef T type; };  // NOLINT
 
 // GetRawPointer(p) returns the raw pointer underlying p when p is a
 // smart pointer, or returns p itself when p is already a raw pointer.
 // The following default implementation is for the smart pointer case.
 template <typename Pointer>
-inline typename Pointer::element_type* GetRawPointer(const Pointer& p) {
+inline const typename Pointer::element_type* GetRawPointer(const Pointer& p) {
   return p.get();
 }
 // This overloaded version is for the raw pointer case.
 template <typename Element>
 inline Element* GetRawPointer(Element* p) { return p; }
 
 // This comparator allows linked_ptr to be stored in sets.
 template <typename T>
@@ -255,85 +255,87 @@ struct LosslessArithmeticConvertible
   GMOCK_KIND_OF_(From), From, GMOCK_KIND_OF_(To), To> {};  // NOLINT
 
 // This interface knows how to report a Google Mock failure (either
 // non-fatal or fatal).
 class FailureReporterInterface {
  public:
   // The type of a failure (either non-fatal or fatal).
   enum FailureType {
-    NONFATAL, FATAL
+    kNonfatal, kFatal
   };
 
   virtual ~FailureReporterInterface() {}
 
   // Reports a failure that occurred at the given source file location.
   virtual void ReportFailure(FailureType type, const char* file, int line,
                              const string& message) = 0;
 };
 
 // Returns the failure reporter used by Google Mock.
-FailureReporterInterface* GetFailureReporter();
+GTEST_API_ FailureReporterInterface* GetFailureReporter();
 
 // Asserts that condition is true; aborts the process with the given
 // message if condition is false.  We cannot use LOG(FATAL) or CHECK()
 // as Google Mock might be used to mock the log sink itself.  We
 // inline this function to prevent it from showing up in the stack
 // trace.
 inline void Assert(bool condition, const char* file, int line,
                    const string& msg) {
   if (!condition) {
-    GetFailureReporter()->ReportFailure(FailureReporterInterface::FATAL,
+    GetFailureReporter()->ReportFailure(FailureReporterInterface::kFatal,
                                         file, line, msg);
   }
 }
 inline void Assert(bool condition, const char* file, int line) {
   Assert(condition, file, line, "Assertion failed.");
 }
 
 // Verifies that condition is true; generates a non-fatal failure if
 // condition is false.
 inline void Expect(bool condition, const char* file, int line,
                    const string& msg) {
   if (!condition) {
-    GetFailureReporter()->ReportFailure(FailureReporterInterface::NONFATAL,
+    GetFailureReporter()->ReportFailure(FailureReporterInterface::kNonfatal,
                                         file, line, msg);
   }
 }
 inline void Expect(bool condition, const char* file, int line) {
   Expect(condition, file, line, "Expectation failed.");
 }
 
 // Severity level of a log.
 enum LogSeverity {
-  INFO = 0,
-  WARNING = 1
+  kInfo = 0,
+  kWarning = 1
 };
 
 // Valid values for the --gmock_verbose flag.
 
 // All logs (informational and warnings) are printed.
 const char kInfoVerbosity[] = "info";
 // Only warnings are printed.
 const char kWarningVerbosity[] = "warning";
 // No logs are printed.
 const char kErrorVerbosity[] = "error";
 
 // Returns true iff a log with the given severity is visible according
 // to the --gmock_verbose flag.
-bool LogIsVisible(LogSeverity severity);
+GTEST_API_ bool LogIsVisible(LogSeverity severity);
 
 // Prints the given message to stdout iff 'severity' >= the level
 // specified by the --gmock_verbose flag.  If stack_frames_to_skip >=
 // 0, also prints the stack trace excluding the top
 // stack_frames_to_skip frames.  In opt mode, any positive
 // stack_frames_to_skip is treated as 0, since we don't know which
 // function calls will be inlined by the compiler and need to be
 // conservative.
-void Log(LogSeverity severity, const string& message, int stack_frames_to_skip);
+GTEST_API_ void Log(LogSeverity severity,
+                    const string& message,
+                    int stack_frames_to_skip);
 
 // TODO(wan@google.com): group all type utilities together.
 
 // Type traits.
 
 // is_reference<T>::value is non-zero iff T is a reference type.
 template <typename T> struct is_reference : public false_type {};
 template <typename T> struct is_reference<T&> : public true_type {};
@@ -341,26 +343,53 @@ template <typename T> struct is_referenc
 // type_equals<T1, T2>::value is non-zero iff T1 and T2 are the same type.
 template <typename T1, typename T2> struct type_equals : public false_type {};
 template <typename T> struct type_equals<T, T> : public true_type {};
 
 // remove_reference<T>::type removes the reference from type T, if any.
 template <typename T> struct remove_reference { typedef T type; };  // NOLINT
 template <typename T> struct remove_reference<T&> { typedef T type; }; // NOLINT
 
-// Invalid<T>() returns an invalid value of type T.  This is useful
+// DecayArray<T>::type turns an array type U[N] to const U* and preserves
+// other types.  Useful for saving a copy of a function argument.
+template <typename T> struct DecayArray { typedef T type; };  // NOLINT
+template <typename T, size_t N> struct DecayArray<T[N]> {
+  typedef const T* type;
+};
+// Sometimes people use arrays whose size is not available at the use site
+// (e.g. extern const char kNamePrefix[]).  This specialization covers that
+// case.
+template <typename T> struct DecayArray<T[]> {
+  typedef const T* type;
+};
+
+// Disable MSVC warnings for infinite recursion, since in this case the
+// the recursion is unreachable.
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+# pragma warning(push)
+# pragma warning(disable:4717)
+#endif
+
+// Invalid<T>() is usable as an expression of type T, but will terminate
+// the program with an assertion failure if actually run.  This is useful
 // when a value of type T is needed for compilation, but the statement
 // will not really be executed (or we don't care if the statement
 // crashes).
 template <typename T>
 inline T Invalid() {
-  return *static_cast<typename remove_reference<T>::type*>(NULL);
+  Assert(false, "", -1, "Internal error: attempt to return invalid value");
+  // This statement is unreachable, and would never terminate even if it
+  // could be reached. It is provided only to placate compiler warnings
+  // about missing return statements.
+  return Invalid<T>();
 }
-template <>
-inline void Invalid<void>() {}
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+# pragma warning(pop)
+#endif
 
 // Given a raw type (i.e. having no top-level reference or const
 // modifier) RawContainer that's either an STL-style container or a
 // native array, class StlContainerView<RawContainer> has the
 // following members:
 //
 //   - type is a type that provides an STL-style container view to
 //     (i.e. implements the STL container concept for) RawContainer;
@@ -413,51 +442,70 @@ class StlContainerView<Element[N]> {
     // 'testing::internal::NativeArray<char *>::NativeArray(
     //     char *const *, unsigned int, testing::internal::RelationToSource)'
     // (instantiating: 'testing::internal::ContainsMatcherImpl
     //     <const char * (&)[4]>::Matches(const char * (&)[4]) const')
     // (instantiating: 'testing::internal::StlContainerView<char *[4]>::
     //     ConstReference(const char * (&)[4])')
     // (and though the N parameter type is mismatched in the above explicit
     // conversion of it doesn't help - only the conversion of the array).
-    return type(const_cast<Element*>(&array[0]), N, kReference);
+    return type(const_cast<Element*>(&array[0]), N,
+                RelationToSourceReference());
 #else
-    return type(array, N, kReference);
+    return type(array, N, RelationToSourceReference());
 #endif  // GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN
   }
   static type Copy(const Element (&array)[N]) {
 #if GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN
-    return type(const_cast<Element*>(&array[0]), N, kCopy);
+    return type(const_cast<Element*>(&array[0]), N, RelationToSourceCopy());
 #else
-    return type(array, N, kCopy);
+    return type(array, N, RelationToSourceCopy());
 #endif  // GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN
   }
 };
 
 // This specialization is used when RawContainer is a native array
 // represented as a (pointer, size) tuple.
 template <typename ElementPointer, typename Size>
-class StlContainerView< ::std::tr1::tuple<ElementPointer, Size> > {
+class StlContainerView< ::testing::tuple<ElementPointer, Size> > {
  public:
   typedef GTEST_REMOVE_CONST_(
       typename internal::PointeeOf<ElementPointer>::type) RawElement;
   typedef internal::NativeArray<RawElement> type;
   typedef const type const_reference;
 
   static const_reference ConstReference(
-      const ::std::tr1::tuple<ElementPointer, Size>& array) {
-    using ::std::tr1::get;
-    return type(get<0>(array), get<1>(array), kReference);
+      const ::testing::tuple<ElementPointer, Size>& array) {
+    return type(get<0>(array), get<1>(array), RelationToSourceReference());
   }
-  static type Copy(const ::std::tr1::tuple<ElementPointer, Size>& array) {
-    using ::std::tr1::get;
-    return type(get<0>(array), get<1>(array), kCopy);
+  static type Copy(const ::testing::tuple<ElementPointer, Size>& array) {
+    return type(get<0>(array), get<1>(array), RelationToSourceCopy());
   }
 };
 
 // The following specialization prevents the user from instantiating
 // StlContainer with a reference type.
 template <typename T> class StlContainerView<T&>;
 
+// A type transform to remove constness from the first part of a pair.
+// Pairs like that are used as the value_type of associative containers,
+// and this transform produces a similar but assignable pair.
+template <typename T>
+struct RemoveConstFromKey {
+  typedef T type;
+};
+
+// Partially specialized to remove constness from std::pair<const K, V>.
+template <typename K, typename V>
+struct RemoveConstFromKey<std::pair<const K, V> > {
+  typedef std::pair<K, V> type;
+};
+
+// Mapping from booleans to types. Similar to boost::bool_<kValue> and
+// std::integral_constant<bool, kValue>.
+template <bool kValue>
+struct BooleanConstant {};
+
 }  // namespace internal
 }  // namespace testing
 
 #endif  // GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_INTERNAL_GMOCK_INTERNAL_UTILS_H_
+
--- a/testing/gtest/gmock/include/gmock/internal/gmock-port.h
+++ b/testing/gtest/gmock/include/gmock/internal/gmock-port.h
@@ -25,54 +25,67 @@
 // DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
 // THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
 // (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
 // OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 //
 // Author: vadimb@google.com (Vadim Berman)
 //
 // Low-level types and utilities for porting Google Mock to various
-// platforms.  They are subject to change without notice.  DO NOT USE
-// THEM IN USER CODE.
+// platforms.  All macros ending with _ and symbols defined in an
+// internal namespace are subject to change without notice.  Code
+// outside Google Mock MUST NOT USE THEM DIRECTLY.  Macros that don't
+// end with _ are part of Google Mock's public API and can be used by
+// code outside Google Mock.
 
 #ifndef GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_INTERNAL_GMOCK_PORT_H_
 #define GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_INTERNAL_GMOCK_PORT_H_
 
 #include <assert.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <iostream>
 
-// Most of the types needed for porting Google Mock are also required
-// for Google Test and are defined in gtest-port.h.
+// Most of the utilities needed for porting Google Mock are also
+// required for Google Test and are defined in gtest-port.h.
+//
+// Note to maintainers: to reduce code duplication, prefer adding
+// portability utilities to Google Test's gtest-port.h instead of
+// here, as Google Mock depends on Google Test.  Only add a utility
+// here if it's truly specific to Google Mock.
 #include "gtest/internal/gtest-linked_ptr.h"
 #include "gtest/internal/gtest-port.h"
+#include "gmock/internal/custom/gmock-port.h"
 
 // To avoid conditional compilation everywhere, we make it
 // gmock-port.h's responsibility to #include the header implementing
 // tr1/tuple.  gmock-port.h does this via gtest-port.h, which is
 // guaranteed to pull in the tuple header.
 
 // For MS Visual C++, check the compiler version. At least VS 2003 is
 // required to compile Google Mock.
 #if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER < 1310
 # error "At least Visual C++ 2003 (7.1) is required to compile Google Mock."
 #endif
 
 // Macro for referencing flags.  This is public as we want the user to
 // use this syntax to reference Google Mock flags.
 #define GMOCK_FLAG(name) FLAGS_gmock_##name
 
+#if !defined(GMOCK_DECLARE_bool_)
+
 // Macros for declaring flags.
-#define GMOCK_DECLARE_bool_(name) extern bool GMOCK_FLAG(name)
+#define GMOCK_DECLARE_bool_(name) extern GTEST_API_ bool GMOCK_FLAG(name)
 #define GMOCK_DECLARE_int32_(name) \
-    extern ::testing::internal::Int32 GMOCK_FLAG(name)
+    extern GTEST_API_ ::testing::internal::Int32 GMOCK_FLAG(name)
 #define GMOCK_DECLARE_string_(name) \
-    extern ::testing::internal::String GMOCK_FLAG(name)
+    extern GTEST_API_ ::std::string GMOCK_FLAG(name)
 
 // Macros for defining flags.
 #define GMOCK_DEFINE_bool_(name, default_val, doc) \
-    bool GMOCK_FLAG(name) = (default_val)
+    GTEST_API_ bool GMOCK_FLAG(name) = (default_val)
 #define GMOCK_DEFINE_int32_(name, default_val, doc) \
-    ::testing::internal::Int32 GMOCK_FLAG(name) = (default_val)
+    GTEST_API_ ::testing::internal::Int32 GMOCK_FLAG(name) = (default_val)
 #define GMOCK_DEFINE_string_(name, default_val, doc) \
-    ::testing::internal::String GMOCK_FLAG(name) = (default_val)
+    GTEST_API_ ::std::string GMOCK_FLAG(name) = (default_val)
+
+#endif  // !defined(GMOCK_DECLARE_bool_)
 
 #endif  // GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_INTERNAL_GMOCK_PORT_H_
--- a/testing/gtest/gmock/src/gmock-cardinalities.cc
+++ b/testing/gtest/gmock/src/gmock-cardinalities.cc
@@ -70,24 +70,25 @@ class BetweenCardinalityImpl : public Ca
   }
 
   // Conservative estimate on the lower/upper bound of the number of
   // calls allowed.
   virtual int ConservativeLowerBound() const { return min_; }
   virtual int ConservativeUpperBound() const { return max_; }
 
   virtual bool IsSatisfiedByCallCount(int call_count) const {
-    return min_ <= call_count && call_count <= max_ ;
+    return min_ <= call_count && call_count <= max_;
   }
 
   virtual bool IsSaturatedByCallCount(int call_count) const {
     return call_count >= max_;
   }
 
   virtual void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const;
+
  private:
   const int min_;
   const int max_;
 
   GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(BetweenCardinalityImpl);
 };
 
 // Formats "n times" in a human-friendly way.
@@ -131,25 +132,25 @@ void Cardinality::DescribeActualCallCoun
   if (actual_call_count > 0) {
     *os << "called " << FormatTimes(actual_call_count);
   } else {
     *os << "never called";
   }
 }
 
 // Creates a cardinality that allows at least n calls.
-Cardinality AtLeast(int n) { return Between(n, INT_MAX); }
+GTEST_API_ Cardinality AtLeast(int n) { return Between(n, INT_MAX); }
 
 // Creates a cardinality that allows at most n calls.
-Cardinality AtMost(int n) { return Between(0, n); }
+GTEST_API_ Cardinality AtMost(int n) { return Between(0, n); }
 
 // Creates a cardinality that allows any number of calls.
-Cardinality AnyNumber() { return AtLeast(0); }
+GTEST_API_ Cardinality AnyNumber() { return AtLeast(0); }
 
 // Creates a cardinality that allows between min and max calls.
-Cardinality Between(int min, int max) {
+GTEST_API_ Cardinality Between(int min, int max) {
   return Cardinality(new BetweenCardinalityImpl(min, max));
 }
 
 // Creates a cardinality that allows exactly n calls.
-Cardinality Exactly(int n) { return Between(n, n); }
+GTEST_API_ Cardinality Exactly(int n) { return Between(n, n); }
 
 }  // namespace testing
--- a/testing/gtest/gmock/src/gmock-internal-utils.cc
+++ b/testing/gtest/gmock/src/gmock-internal-utils.cc
@@ -46,17 +46,17 @@
 
 namespace testing {
 namespace internal {
 
 // Converts an identifier name to a space-separated list of lower-case
 // words.  Each maximum substring of the form [A-Za-z][a-z]*|\d+ is
 // treated as one word.  For example, both "FooBar123" and
 // "foo_bar_123" are converted to "foo bar 123".
-string ConvertIdentifierNameToWords(const char* id_name) {
+GTEST_API_ string ConvertIdentifierNameToWords(const char* id_name) {
   string result;
   char prev_char = '\0';
   for (const char* p = id_name; *p != '\0'; prev_char = *(p++)) {
     // We don't care about the current locale as the input is
     // guaranteed to be a valid C++ identifier name.
     const bool starts_new_word = IsUpper(*p) ||
         (!IsAlpha(prev_char) && IsLower(*p)) ||
         (!IsDigit(prev_char) && IsDigit(*p));
@@ -72,79 +72,80 @@ string ConvertIdentifierNameToWords(cons
 
 // This class reports Google Mock failures as Google Test failures.  A
 // user can define another class in a similar fashion if he intends to
 // use Google Mock with a testing framework other than Google Test.
 class GoogleTestFailureReporter : public FailureReporterInterface {
  public:
   virtual void ReportFailure(FailureType type, const char* file, int line,
                              const string& message) {
-    AssertHelper(type == FATAL ?
+    AssertHelper(type == kFatal ?
                  TestPartResult::kFatalFailure :
                  TestPartResult::kNonFatalFailure,
                  file,
                  line,
                  message.c_str()) = Message();
-    if (type == FATAL) {
+    if (type == kFatal) {
       posix::Abort();
     }
   }
 };
 
 // Returns the global failure reporter.  Will create a
 // GoogleTestFailureReporter and return it the first time called.
-FailureReporterInterface* GetFailureReporter() {
+GTEST_API_ FailureReporterInterface* GetFailureReporter() {
   // Points to the global failure reporter used by Google Mock.  gcc
   // guarantees that the following use of failure_reporter is
   // thread-safe.  We may need to add additional synchronization to
   // protect failure_reporter if we port Google Mock to other
   // compilers.
   static FailureReporterInterface* const failure_reporter =
       new GoogleTestFailureReporter();
   return failure_reporter;
 }
 
 // Protects global resources (stdout in particular) used by Log().
 static GTEST_DEFINE_STATIC_MUTEX_(g_log_mutex);
 
 // Returns true iff a log with the given severity is visible according
 // to the --gmock_verbose flag.
-bool LogIsVisible(LogSeverity severity) {
+GTEST_API_ bool LogIsVisible(LogSeverity severity) {
   if (GMOCK_FLAG(verbose) == kInfoVerbosity) {
     // Always show the log if --gmock_verbose=info.
     return true;
   } else if (GMOCK_FLAG(verbose) == kErrorVerbosity) {
     // Always hide it if --gmock_verbose=error.
     return false;
   } else {
     // If --gmock_verbose is neither "info" nor "error", we treat it
     // as "warning" (its default value).
-    return severity == WARNING;
+    return severity == kWarning;
   }
 }
 
 // Prints the given message to stdout iff 'severity' >= the level
 // specified by the --gmock_verbose flag.  If stack_frames_to_skip >=
 // 0, also prints the stack trace excluding the top
 // stack_frames_to_skip frames.  In opt mode, any positive
 // stack_frames_to_skip is treated as 0, since we don't know which
 // function calls will be inlined by the compiler and need to be
 // conservative.
-void Log(LogSeverity severity, const string& message,
-         int stack_frames_to_skip) {
+GTEST_API_ void Log(LogSeverity severity,
+                    const string& message,
+                    int stack_frames_to_skip) {
   if (!LogIsVisible(severity))
     return;
 
   // Ensures that logs from different threads don't interleave.
   MutexLock l(&g_log_mutex);
 
   // "using ::std::cout;" doesn't work with Symbian's STLport, where cout is a
   // macro.
 
-  if (severity == WARNING) {
+  if (severity == kWarning) {
     // Prints a GMOCK WARNING marker to make the warnings easily searchable.
     std::cout << "\nGMOCK WARNING:";
   }
   // Pre-pends a new-line to message if it doesn't start with one.
   if (message.empty() || message[0] != '\n') {
     std::cout << "\n";
   }
   std::cout << message;
--- a/testing/gtest/gmock/src/gmock-matchers.cc
+++ b/testing/gtest/gmock/src/gmock-matchers.cc
@@ -58,21 +58,56 @@ Matcher<const internal::string&>::Matche
 // Constructs a matcher that matches a string whose value is equal to s.
 Matcher<internal::string>::Matcher(const internal::string& s) { *this = Eq(s); }
 
 // Constructs a matcher that matches a string whose value is equal to s.
 Matcher<internal::string>::Matcher(const char* s) {
   *this = Eq(internal::string(s));
 }
 
+#if GTEST_HAS_STRING_PIECE_
+// Constructs a matcher that matches a const StringPiece& whose value is
+// equal to s.
+Matcher<const StringPiece&>::Matcher(const internal::string& s) {
+  *this = Eq(s);
+}
+
+// Constructs a matcher that matches a const StringPiece& whose value is
+// equal to s.
+Matcher<const StringPiece&>::Matcher(const char* s) {
+  *this = Eq(internal::string(s));
+}
+
+// Constructs a matcher that matches a const StringPiece& whose value is
+// equal to s.
+Matcher<const StringPiece&>::Matcher(StringPiece s) {
+  *this = Eq(s.ToString());
+}
+
+// Constructs a matcher that matches a StringPiece whose value is equal to s.
+Matcher<StringPiece>::Matcher(const internal::string& s) {
+  *this = Eq(s);
+}
+
+// Constructs a matcher that matches a StringPiece whose value is equal to s.
+Matcher<StringPiece>::Matcher(const char* s) {
+  *this = Eq(internal::string(s));
+}
+
+// Constructs a matcher that matches a StringPiece whose value is equal to s.
+Matcher<StringPiece>::Matcher(StringPiece s) {
+  *this = Eq(s.ToString());
+}
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_STRING_PIECE_
+
 namespace internal {
 
 // Joins a vector of strings as if they are fields of a tuple; returns
 // the joined string.
-string JoinAsTuple(const Strings& fields) {
+GTEST_API_ string JoinAsTuple(const Strings& fields) {
   switch (fields.size()) {
     case 0:
       return "";
     case 1:
       return fields[0];
     default:
       string result = "(" + fields[0];
       for (size_t i = 1; i < fields.size(); i++) {
@@ -84,18 +119,380 @@ string JoinAsTuple(const Strings& fields
   }
 }
 
 // Returns the description for a matcher defined using the MATCHER*()
 // macro where the user-supplied description string is "", if
 // 'negation' is false; otherwise returns the description of the
 // negation of the matcher.  'param_values' contains a list of strings
 // that are the print-out of the matcher's parameters.
-string FormatMatcherDescription(bool negation, const char* matcher_name,
-                                const Strings& param_values) {
+GTEST_API_ string FormatMatcherDescription(bool negation,
+                                           const char* matcher_name,
+                                           const Strings& param_values) {
   string result = ConvertIdentifierNameToWords(matcher_name);
   if (param_values.size() >= 1)
     result += " " + JoinAsTuple(param_values);
   return negation ? "not (" + result + ")" : result;
 }
 
+// FindMaxBipartiteMatching and its helper class.
+//
+// Uses the well-known Ford-Fulkerson max flow method to find a maximum
+// bipartite matching. Flow is considered to be from left to right.
+// There is an implicit source node that is connected to all of the left
+// nodes, and an implicit sink node that is connected to all of the
+// right nodes. All edges have unit capacity.
+//
+// Neither the flow graph nor the residual flow graph are represented
+// explicitly. Instead, they are implied by the information in 'graph' and
+// a vector<int> called 'left_' whose elements are initialized to the
+// value kUnused. This represents the initial state of the algorithm,
+// where the flow graph is empty, and the residual flow graph has the
+// following edges:
+//   - An edge from source to each left_ node
+//   - An edge from each right_ node to sink
+//   - An edge from each left_ node to each right_ node, if the
+//     corresponding edge exists in 'graph'.
+//
+// When the TryAugment() method adds a flow, it sets left_[l] = r for some
+// nodes l and r. This induces the following changes:
+//   - The edges (source, l), (l, r), and (r, sink) are added to the
+//     flow graph.
+//   - The same three edges are removed from the residual flow graph.
+//   - The reverse edges (l, source), (r, l), and (sink, r) are added
+//     to the residual flow graph, which is a directional graph
+//     representing unused flow capacity.
+//
+// When the method augments a flow (moving left_[l] from some r1 to some
+// other r2), this can be thought of as "undoing" the above steps with
+// respect to r1 and "redoing" them with respect to r2.
+//
+// It bears repeating that the flow graph and residual flow graph are
+// never represented explicitly, but can be derived by looking at the
+// information in 'graph' and in left_.
+//
+// As an optimization, there is a second vector<int> called right_ which
+// does not provide any new information. Instead, it enables more
+// efficient queries about edges entering or leaving the right-side nodes
+// of the flow or residual flow graphs. The following invariants are
+// maintained:
+//
+// left[l] == kUnused or right[left[l]] == l
+// right[r] == kUnused or left[right[r]] == r
+//
+// . [ source ]                                        .
+// .   |||                                             .
+// .   |||                                             .
+// .   ||\--> left[0]=1  ---\    right[0]=-1 ----\     .
+// .   ||                   |                    |     .
+// .   |\---> left[1]=-1    \--> right[1]=0  ---\|     .
+// .   |                                        ||     .
+// .   \----> left[2]=2  ------> right[2]=2  --\||     .
+// .                                           |||     .
+// .         elements           matchers       vvv     .
+// .                                         [ sink ]  .
+//
+// See Also:
+//   [1] Cormen, et al (2001). "Section 26.2: The Ford-Fulkerson method".
+//       "Introduction to Algorithms (Second ed.)", pp. 651-664.
+//   [2] "Ford-Fulkerson algorithm", Wikipedia,
+//       'http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford%E2%80%93Fulkerson_algorithm'
+class MaxBipartiteMatchState {
+ public:
+  explicit MaxBipartiteMatchState(const MatchMatrix& graph)
+      : graph_(&graph),
+        left_(graph_->LhsSize(), kUnused),
+        right_(graph_->RhsSize(), kUnused) {
+  }
+
+  // Returns the edges of a maximal match, each in the form {left, right}.
+  ElementMatcherPairs Compute() {
+    // 'seen' is used for path finding { 0: unseen, 1: seen }.
+    ::std::vector<char> seen;
+    // Searches the residual flow graph for a path from each left node to
+    // the sink in the residual flow graph, and if one is found, add flow
+    // to the graph. It's okay to search through the left nodes once. The
+    // edge from the implicit source node to each previously-visited left
+    // node will have flow if that left node has any path to the sink
+    // whatsoever. Subsequent augmentations can only add flow to the
+    // network, and cannot take away that previous flow unit from the source.
+    // Since the source-to-left edge can only carry one flow unit (or,
+    // each element can be matched to only one matcher), there is no need
+    // to visit the left nodes more than once looking for augmented paths.
+    // The flow is known to be possible or impossible by looking at the
+    // node once.
+    for (size_t ilhs = 0; ilhs < graph_->LhsSize(); ++ilhs) {
+      // Reset the path-marking vector and try to find a path from
+      // source to sink starting at the left_[ilhs] node.
+      GTEST_CHECK_(left_[ilhs] == kUnused)
+          << "ilhs: " << ilhs << ", left_[ilhs]: " << left_[ilhs];
+      // 'seen' initialized to 'graph_->RhsSize()' copies of 0.
+      seen.assign(graph_->RhsSize(), 0);
+      TryAugment(ilhs, &seen);
+    }
+    ElementMatcherPairs result;
+    for (size_t ilhs = 0; ilhs < left_.size(); ++ilhs) {
+      size_t irhs = left_[ilhs];
+      if (irhs == kUnused) continue;
+      result.push_back(ElementMatcherPair(ilhs, irhs));
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  static const size_t kUnused = static_cast<size_t>(-1);
+
+  // Perform a depth-first search from left node ilhs to the sink.  If a
+  // path is found, flow is added to the network by linking the left and
+  // right vector elements corresponding each segment of the path.
+  // Returns true if a path to sink was found, which means that a unit of
+  // flow was added to the network. The 'seen' vector elements correspond
+  // to right nodes and are marked to eliminate cycles from the search.
+  //
+  // Left nodes will only be explored at most once because they
+  // are accessible from at most one right node in the residual flow
+  // graph.
+  //
+  // Note that left_[ilhs] is the only element of left_ that TryAugment will
+  // potentially transition from kUnused to another value. Any other
+  // left_ element holding kUnused before TryAugment will be holding it
+  // when TryAugment returns.
+  //
+  bool TryAugment(size_t ilhs, ::std::vector<char>* seen) {
+    for (size_t irhs = 0; irhs < graph_->RhsSize(); ++irhs) {
+      if ((*seen)[irhs])
+        continue;
+      if (!graph_->HasEdge(ilhs, irhs))
+        continue;
+      // There's an available edge from ilhs to irhs.
+      (*seen)[irhs] = 1;
+      // Next a search is performed to determine whether
+      // this edge is a dead end or leads to the sink.
+      //
+      // right_[irhs] == kUnused means that there is residual flow from
+      // right node irhs to the sink, so we can use that to finish this
+      // flow path and return success.
+      //
+      // Otherwise there is residual flow to some ilhs. We push flow
+      // along that path and call ourselves recursively to see if this
+      // ultimately leads to sink.
+      if (right_[irhs] == kUnused || TryAugment(right_[irhs], seen)) {
+        // Add flow from left_[ilhs] to right_[irhs].
+        left_[ilhs] = irhs;
+        right_[irhs] = ilhs;
+        return true;
+      }
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  const MatchMatrix* graph_;  // not owned
+  // Each element of the left_ vector represents a left hand side node
+  // (i.e. an element) and each element of right_ is a right hand side
+  // node (i.e. a matcher). The values in the left_ vector indicate
+  // outflow from that node to a node on the the right_ side. The values
+  // in the right_ indicate inflow, and specify which left_ node is
+  // feeding that right_ node, if any. For example, left_[3] == 1 means
+  // there's a flow from element #3 to matcher #1. Such a flow would also
+  // be redundantly represented in the right_ vector as right_[1] == 3.
+  // Elements of left_ and right_ are either kUnused or mutually
+  // referent. Mutually referent means that left_[right_[i]] = i and
+  // right_[left_[i]] = i.
+  ::std::vector<size_t> left_;
+  ::std::vector<size_t> right_;
+
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(MaxBipartiteMatchState);
+};
+
+const size_t MaxBipartiteMatchState::kUnused;
+
+GTEST_API_ ElementMatcherPairs
+FindMaxBipartiteMatching(const MatchMatrix& g) {
+  return MaxBipartiteMatchState(g).Compute();
+}
+
+static void LogElementMatcherPairVec(const ElementMatcherPairs& pairs,
+                                     ::std::ostream* stream) {
+  typedef ElementMatcherPairs::const_iterator Iter;
+  ::std::ostream& os = *stream;
+  os << "{";
+  const char *sep = "";
+  for (Iter it = pairs.begin(); it != pairs.end(); ++it) {
+    os << sep << "\n  ("
+       << "element #" << it->first << ", "
+       << "matcher #" << it->second << ")";
+    sep = ",";
+  }
+  os << "\n}";
+}
+
+// Tries to find a pairing, and explains the result.
+GTEST_API_ bool FindPairing(const MatchMatrix& matrix,
+                            MatchResultListener* listener) {
+  ElementMatcherPairs matches = FindMaxBipartiteMatching(matrix);
+
+  size_t max_flow = matches.size();
+  bool result = (max_flow == matrix.RhsSize());
+
+  if (!result) {
+    if (listener->IsInterested()) {
+      *listener << "where no permutation of the elements can "
+                   "satisfy all matchers, and the closest match is "
+                << max_flow << " of " << matrix.RhsSize()
+                << " matchers with the pairings:\n";
+      LogElementMatcherPairVec(matches, listener->stream());
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (matches.size() > 1) {
+    if (listener->IsInterested()) {
+      const char *sep = "where:\n";
+      for (size_t mi = 0; mi < matches.size(); ++mi) {
+        *listener << sep << " - element #" << matches[mi].first
+                  << " is matched by matcher #" << matches[mi].second;
+        sep = ",\n";
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool MatchMatrix::NextGraph() {
+  for (size_t ilhs = 0; ilhs < LhsSize(); ++ilhs) {
+    for (size_t irhs = 0; irhs < RhsSize(); ++irhs) {
+      char& b = matched_[SpaceIndex(ilhs, irhs)];
+      if (!b) {
+        b = 1;
+        return true;
+      }
+      b = 0;
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+void MatchMatrix::Randomize() {
+  for (size_t ilhs = 0; ilhs < LhsSize(); ++ilhs) {
+    for (size_t irhs = 0; irhs < RhsSize(); ++irhs) {
+      char& b = matched_[SpaceIndex(ilhs, irhs)];
+      b = static_cast<char>(rand() & 1);  // NOLINT
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+string MatchMatrix::DebugString() const {
+  ::std::stringstream ss;
+  const char *sep = "";
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < LhsSize(); ++i) {
+    ss << sep;
+    for (size_t j = 0; j < RhsSize(); ++j) {
+      ss << HasEdge(i, j);
+    }
+    sep = ";";
+  }
+  return ss.str();
+}
+
+void UnorderedElementsAreMatcherImplBase::DescribeToImpl(
+    ::std::ostream* os) const {
+  if (matcher_describers_.empty()) {
+    *os << "is empty";
+    return;
+  }
+  if (matcher_describers_.size() == 1) {
+    *os << "has " << Elements(1) << " and that element ";
+    matcher_describers_[0]->DescribeTo(os);
+    return;
+  }
+  *os << "has " << Elements(matcher_describers_.size())
+      << " and there exists some permutation of elements such that:\n";
+  const char* sep = "";
+  for (size_t i = 0; i != matcher_describers_.size(); ++i) {
+    *os << sep << " - element #" << i << " ";
+    matcher_describers_[i]->DescribeTo(os);
+    sep = ", and\n";
+  }
+}
+
+void UnorderedElementsAreMatcherImplBase::DescribeNegationToImpl(
+    ::std::ostream* os) const {
+  if (matcher_describers_.empty()) {
+    *os << "isn't empty";
+    return;
+  }
+  if (matcher_describers_.size() == 1) {
+    *os << "doesn't have " << Elements(1)
+        << ", or has " << Elements(1) << " that ";
+    matcher_describers_[0]->DescribeNegationTo(os);
+    return;
+  }
+  *os << "doesn't have " << Elements(matcher_describers_.size())
+      << ", or there exists no permutation of elements such that:\n";
+  const char* sep = "";
+  for (size_t i = 0; i != matcher_describers_.size(); ++i) {
+    *os << sep << " - element #" << i << " ";
+    matcher_describers_[i]->DescribeTo(os);
+    sep = ", and\n";
+  }
+}
+
+// Checks that all matchers match at least one element, and that all
+// elements match at least one matcher. This enables faster matching
+// and better error reporting.
+// Returns false, writing an explanation to 'listener', if and only
+// if the success criteria are not met.
+bool UnorderedElementsAreMatcherImplBase::
+VerifyAllElementsAndMatchersAreMatched(
+    const ::std::vector<string>& element_printouts,
+    const MatchMatrix& matrix,
+    MatchResultListener* listener) const {
+  bool result = true;
+  ::std::vector<char> element_matched(matrix.LhsSize(), 0);
+  ::std::vector<char> matcher_matched(matrix.RhsSize(), 0);
+
+  for (size_t ilhs = 0; ilhs < matrix.LhsSize(); ilhs++) {
+    for (size_t irhs = 0; irhs < matrix.RhsSize(); irhs++) {
+      char matched = matrix.HasEdge(ilhs, irhs);
+      element_matched[ilhs] |= matched;
+      matcher_matched[irhs] |= matched;
+    }
+  }
+
+  {
+    const char* sep =
+        "where the following matchers don't match any elements:\n";
+    for (size_t mi = 0; mi < matcher_matched.size(); ++mi) {
+      if (matcher_matched[mi])
+        continue;
+      result = false;
+      if (listener->IsInterested()) {
+        *listener << sep << "matcher #" << mi << ": ";
+        matcher_describers_[mi]->DescribeTo(listener->stream());
+        sep = ",\n";
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  {
+    const char* sep =
+        "where the following elements don't match any matchers:\n";
+    const char* outer_sep = "";
+    if (!result) {
+      outer_sep = "\nand ";
+    }
+    for (size_t ei = 0; ei < element_matched.size(); ++ei) {
+      if (element_matched[ei])
+        continue;
+      result = false;
+      if (listener->IsInterested()) {
+        *listener << outer_sep << sep << "element #" << ei << ": "
+                  << element_printouts[ei];
+        sep = ",\n";
+        outer_sep = "";
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
 }  // namespace internal
 }  // namespace testing
--- a/testing/gtest/gmock/src/gmock-spec-builders.cc
+++ b/testing/gtest/gmock/src/gmock-spec-builders.cc
@@ -48,22 +48,22 @@
 # include <unistd.h>  // NOLINT
 #endif
 
 namespace testing {
 namespace internal {
 
 // Protects the mock object registry (in class Mock), all function
 // mockers, and all expectations.
-GTEST_DEFINE_STATIC_MUTEX_(g_gmock_mutex);
+GTEST_API_ GTEST_DEFINE_STATIC_MUTEX_(g_gmock_mutex);
 
 // Logs a message including file and line number information.
-void LogWithLocation(testing::internal::LogSeverity severity,
-                     const char* file, int line,
-                     const string& message) {
+GTEST_API_ void LogWithLocation(testing::internal::LogSeverity severity,
+                                const char* file, int line,
+                                const string& message) {
   ::std::ostringstream s;
   s << file << ":" << line << ": " << message << ::std::endl;
   Log(severity, s.str(), 0);
 }
 
 // Constructs an ExpectationBase object.
 ExpectationBase::ExpectationBase(const char* a_file,
                                  int a_line,
@@ -87,17 +87,18 @@ ExpectationBase::~ExpectationBase() {}
 // Explicitly specifies the cardinality of this expectation.  Used by
 // the subclasses to implement the .Times() clause.
 void ExpectationBase::SpecifyCardinality(const Cardinality& a_cardinality) {
   cardinality_specified_ = true;
   cardinality_ = a_cardinality;
 }
 
 // Retires all pre-requisites of this expectation.
-void ExpectationBase::RetireAllPreRequisites() {
+void ExpectationBase::RetireAllPreRequisites()
+    GTEST_EXCLUSIVE_LOCK_REQUIRED_(g_gmock_mutex) {
   if (is_retired()) {
     // We can take this short-cut as we never retire an expectation
     // until we have retired all its pre-requisites.
     return;
   }
 
   for (ExpectationSet::const_iterator it = immediate_prerequisites_.begin();
        it != immediate_prerequisites_.end(); ++it) {
@@ -106,32 +107,31 @@ void ExpectationBase::RetireAllPreRequis
       prerequisite->RetireAllPreRequisites();
       prerequisite->Retire();
     }
   }
 }
 
 // Returns true iff all pre-requisites of this expectation have been
 // satisfied.
-// L >= g_gmock_mutex
-bool ExpectationBase::AllPrerequisitesAreSatisfied() const {
+bool ExpectationBase::AllPrerequisitesAreSatisfied() const
+    GTEST_EXCLUSIVE_LOCK_REQUIRED_(g_gmock_mutex) {
   g_gmock_mutex.AssertHeld();
   for (ExpectationSet::const_iterator it = immediate_prerequisites_.begin();
        it != immediate_prerequisites_.end(); ++it) {
     if (!(it->expectation_base()->IsSatisfied()) ||
         !(it->expectation_base()->AllPrerequisitesAreSatisfied()))
       return false;
   }
   return true;
 }
 
 // Adds unsatisfied pre-requisites of this expectation to 'result'.
-// L >= g_gmock_mutex
-void ExpectationBase::FindUnsatisfiedPrerequisites(
-    ExpectationSet* result) const {
+void ExpectationBase::FindUnsatisfiedPrerequisites(ExpectationSet* result) const
+    GTEST_EXCLUSIVE_LOCK_REQUIRED_(g_gmock_mutex) {
   g_gmock_mutex.AssertHeld();
   for (ExpectationSet::const_iterator it = immediate_prerequisites_.begin();
        it != immediate_prerequisites_.end(); ++it) {
     if (it->expectation_base()->IsSatisfied()) {
       // If *it is satisfied and has a call count of 0, some of its
       // pre-requisites may not be satisfied yet.
       if (it->expectation_base()->call_count_ == 0) {
         it->expectation_base()->FindUnsatisfiedPrerequisites(result);
@@ -142,18 +142,18 @@ void ExpectationBase::FindUnsatisfiedPre
       // don't recursively call FindUnsatisfiedPrerequisites() here.
       *result += *it;
     }
   }
 }
 
 // Describes how many times a function call matching this
 // expectation has occurred.
-// L >= g_gmock_mutex
-void ExpectationBase::DescribeCallCountTo(::std::ostream* os) const {
+void ExpectationBase::DescribeCallCountTo(::std::ostream* os) const
+    GTEST_EXCLUSIVE_LOCK_REQUIRED_(g_gmock_mutex) {
   g_gmock_mutex.AssertHeld();
 
   // Describes how many times the function is expected to be called.
   *os << "         Expected: to be ";
   cardinality().DescribeTo(os);
   *os << "\n           Actual: ";
   Cardinality::DescribeActualCallCountTo(call_count(), os);
 
@@ -165,18 +165,18 @@ void ExpectationBase::DescribeCallCountT
       << " and "
       << (is_retired() ? "retired" : "active");
 }
 
 // Checks the action count (i.e. the number of WillOnce() and
 // WillRepeatedly() clauses) against the cardinality if this hasn't
 // been done before.  Prints a warning if there are too many or too
 // few actions.
-// L < mutex_
-void ExpectationBase::CheckActionCountIfNotDone() const {
+void ExpectationBase::CheckActionCountIfNotDone() const
+    GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(mutex_) {
   bool should_check = false;
   {
     MutexLock l(&mutex_);
     if (!action_count_checked_) {
       action_count_checked_ = true;
       should_check = true;
     }
   }
@@ -212,17 +212,17 @@ void ExpectationBase::CheckActionCountIf
     cardinality().DescribeTo(&ss);
     ss << ", but has " << (too_many ? "" : "only ")
        << action_count << " WillOnce()"
        << (action_count == 1 ? "" : "s");
     if (repeated_action_specified_) {
       ss << " and a WillRepeatedly()";
     }
     ss << ".";
-    Log(WARNING, ss.str(), -1);  // -1 means "don't print stack trace".
+    Log(kWarning, ss.str(), -1);  // -1 means "don't print stack trace".
   }
 }
 
 // Implements the .Times() clause.
 void ExpectationBase::UntypedTimes(const Cardinality& a_cardinality) {
   if (last_clause_ == kTimes) {
     ExpectSpecProperty(false,
                        ".Times() cannot appear "
@@ -235,104 +235,114 @@ void ExpectationBase::UntypedTimes(const
   }
   last_clause_ = kTimes;
 
   SpecifyCardinality(a_cardinality);
 }
 
 // Points to the implicit sequence introduced by a living InSequence
 // object (if any) in the current thread or NULL.
-ThreadLocal<Sequence*> g_gmock_implicit_sequence;
+GTEST_API_ ThreadLocal<Sequence*> g_gmock_implicit_sequence;
 
 // Reports an uninteresting call (whose description is in msg) in the
 // manner specified by 'reaction'.
 void ReportUninterestingCall(CallReaction reaction, const string& msg) {
+  // Include a stack trace only if --gmock_verbose=info is specified.
+  const int stack_frames_to_skip =
+      GMOCK_FLAG(verbose) == kInfoVerbosity ? 3 : -1;
   switch (reaction) {
-    case ALLOW:
-      Log(INFO, msg, 3);
+    case kAllow:
+      Log(kInfo, msg, stack_frames_to_skip);
       break;
-    case WARN:
-      Log(WARNING, msg, 3);
+    case kWarn:
+      Log(kWarning,
+          msg +
+          "\nNOTE: You can safely ignore the above warning unless this "
+          "call should not happen.  Do not suppress it by blindly adding "
+          "an EXPECT_CALL() if you don't mean to enforce the call.  "
+          "See https://github.com/google/googletest/blob/master/googlemock/docs/CookBook.md#"
+          "knowing-when-to-expect for details.\n",
+          stack_frames_to_skip);
       break;
     default:  // FAIL
       Expect(false, NULL, -1, msg);
   }
 }
 
 UntypedFunctionMockerBase::UntypedFunctionMockerBase()
     : mock_obj_(NULL), name_("") {}
 
 UntypedFunctionMockerBase::~UntypedFunctionMockerBase() {}
 
 // Sets the mock object this mock method belongs to, and registers
 // this information in the global mock registry.  Will be called
 // whenever an EXPECT_CALL() or ON_CALL() is executed on this mock
 // method.
-// L < g_gmock_mutex
-void UntypedFunctionMockerBase::RegisterOwner(const void* mock_obj) {
+void UntypedFunctionMockerBase::RegisterOwner(const void* mock_obj)
+    GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(g_gmock_mutex) {
   {
     MutexLock l(&g_gmock_mutex);
     mock_obj_ = mock_obj;
   }
   Mock::Register(mock_obj, this);
 }
 
 // Sets the mock object this mock method belongs to, and sets the name
 // of the mock function.  Will be called upon each invocation of this
 // mock function.
-// L < g_gmock_mutex
-void UntypedFunctionMockerBase::SetOwnerAndName(
-    const void* mock_obj, const char* name) {
+void UntypedFunctionMockerBase::SetOwnerAndName(const void* mock_obj,
+                                                const char* name)
+    GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(g_gmock_mutex) {
   // We protect name_ under g_gmock_mutex in case this mock function
   // is called from two threads concurrently.
   MutexLock l(&g_gmock_mutex);
   mock_obj_ = mock_obj;
   name_ = name;
 }
 
 // Returns the name of the function being mocked.  Must be called
 // after RegisterOwner() or SetOwnerAndName() has been called.
-// L < g_gmock_mutex
-const void* UntypedFunctionMockerBase::MockObject() const {
+const void* UntypedFunctionMockerBase::MockObject() const
+    GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(g_gmock_mutex) {
   const void* mock_obj;
   {
     // We protect mock_obj_ under g_gmock_mutex in case this mock
     // function is called from two threads concurrently.
     MutexLock l(&g_gmock_mutex);
     Assert(mock_obj_ != NULL, __FILE__, __LINE__,
            "MockObject() must not be called before RegisterOwner() or "
            "SetOwnerAndName() has been called.");
     mock_obj = mock_obj_;
   }
   return mock_obj;
 }
 
 // Returns the name of this mock method.  Must be called after
 // SetOwnerAndName() has been called.
-// L < g_gmock_mutex
-const char* UntypedFunctionMockerBase::Name() const {
+const char* UntypedFunctionMockerBase::Name() const
+    GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(g_gmock_mutex) {
   const char* name;
   {
     // We protect name_ under g_gmock_mutex in case this mock
     // function is called from two threads concurrently.
     MutexLock l(&g_gmock_mutex);
     Assert(name_ != NULL, __FILE__, __LINE__,
            "Name() must not be called before SetOwnerAndName() has "
            "been called.");
     name = name_;
   }
   return name;
 }
 
 // Calculates the result of invoking this mock function with the given
 // arguments, prints it, and returns it.  The caller is responsible
 // for deleting the result.
-// L < g_gmock_mutex
-const UntypedActionResultHolderBase*
-UntypedFunctionMockerBase::UntypedInvokeWith(const void* const untyped_args) {
+UntypedActionResultHolderBase*
+UntypedFunctionMockerBase::UntypedInvokeWith(const void* const untyped_args)
+    GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(g_gmock_mutex) {
   if (untyped_expectations_.size() == 0) {
     // No expectation is set on this mock method - we have an
     // uninteresting call.
 
     // We must get Google Mock's reaction on uninteresting calls
     // made on this mock object BEFORE performing the action,
     // because the action may DELETE the mock object and make the
     // following expression meaningless.
@@ -340,35 +350,35 @@ UntypedFunctionMockerBase::UntypedInvoke
         Mock::GetReactionOnUninterestingCalls(MockObject());
 
     // True iff we need to print this call's arguments and return
     // value.  This definition must be kept in sync with
     // the behavior of ReportUninterestingCall().
     const bool need_to_report_uninteresting_call =
         // If the user allows this uninteresting call, we print it
         // only when he wants informational messages.
-        reaction == ALLOW ? LogIsVisible(INFO) :
+        reaction == kAllow ? LogIsVisible(kInfo) :
         // If the user wants this to be a warning, we print it only
         // when he wants to see warnings.
-        reaction == WARN ? LogIsVisible(WARNING) :
+        reaction == kWarn ? LogIsVisible(kWarning) :
         // Otherwise, the user wants this to be an error, and we
         // should always print detailed information in the error.
         true;
 
     if (!need_to_report_uninteresting_call) {
       // Perform the action without printing the call information.
       return this->UntypedPerformDefaultAction(untyped_args, "");
     }
 
     // Warns about the uninteresting call.
     ::std::stringstream ss;
     this->UntypedDescribeUninterestingCall(untyped_args, &ss);
 
     // Calculates the function result.
-    const UntypedActionResultHolderBase* const result =
+    UntypedActionResultHolderBase* const result =
         this->UntypedPerformDefaultAction(untyped_args, ss.str());
 
     // Prints the function result.
     if (result != NULL)
       result->PrintAsActionResult(&ss);
 
     ReportUninterestingCall(reaction, ss.str());
     return result;
@@ -386,17 +396,18 @@ UntypedFunctionMockerBase::UntypedInvoke
       this->UntypedFindMatchingExpectation(
           untyped_args, &untyped_action, &is_excessive,
           &ss, &why);
   const bool found = untyped_expectation != NULL;
 
   // True iff we need to print the call's arguments and return value.
   // This definition must be kept in sync with the uses of Expect()
   // and Log() in this function.
-  const bool need_to_report_call = !found || is_excessive || LogIsVisible(INFO);
+  const bool need_to_report_call =
+      !found || is_excessive || LogIsVisible(kInfo);
   if (!need_to_report_call) {
     // Perform the action without printing the call information.
     return
         untyped_action == NULL ?
         this->UntypedPerformDefaultAction(untyped_args, "") :
         this->UntypedPerformAction(untyped_action, untyped_args);
   }
 
@@ -404,17 +415,17 @@ UntypedFunctionMockerBase::UntypedInvoke
   this->UntypedPrintArgs(untyped_args, &ss);
 
   // In case the action deletes a piece of the expectation, we
   // generate the message beforehand.
   if (found && !is_excessive) {
     untyped_expectation->DescribeLocationTo(&loc);
   }
 
-  const UntypedActionResultHolderBase* const result =
+  UntypedActionResultHolderBase* const result =
       untyped_action == NULL ?
       this->UntypedPerformDefaultAction(untyped_args, ss.str()) :
       this->UntypedPerformAction(untyped_action, untyped_args);
   if (result != NULL)
     result->PrintAsActionResult(&ss);
   ss << "\n" << why.str();
 
   if (!found) {
@@ -422,17 +433,17 @@ UntypedFunctionMockerBase::UntypedInvoke
     Expect(false, NULL, -1, ss.str());
   } else if (is_excessive) {
     // We had an upper-bound violation and the failure message is in ss.
     Expect(false, untyped_expectation->file(),
            untyped_expectation->line(), ss.str());
   } else {
     // We had an expected call and the matching expectation is
     // described in ss.
-    Log(INFO, loc.str() + ss.str(), 2);
+    Log(kInfo, loc.str() + ss.str(), 2);
   }
 
   return result;
 }
 
 // Returns an Expectation object that references and co-owns exp,
 // which must be an expectation on this mock function.
 Expectation UntypedFunctionMockerBase::GetHandleOf(ExpectationBase* exp) {
@@ -448,18 +459,18 @@ Expectation UntypedFunctionMockerBase::G
   return Expectation();
   // The above statement is just to make the code compile, and will
   // never be executed.
 }
 
 // Verifies that all expectations on this mock function have been
 // satisfied.  Reports one or more Google Test non-fatal failures
 // and returns false if not.
-// L >= g_gmock_mutex
-bool UntypedFunctionMockerBase::VerifyAndClearExpectationsLocked() {
+bool UntypedFunctionMockerBase::VerifyAndClearExpectationsLocked()
+    GTEST_EXCLUSIVE_LOCK_REQUIRED_(g_gmock_mutex) {
   g_gmock_mutex.AssertHeld();
   bool expectations_met = true;
   for (UntypedExpectations::const_iterator it =
            untyped_expectations_.begin();
        it != untyped_expectations_.end(); ++it) {
     ExpectationBase* const untyped_expectation = it->get();
     if (untyped_expectation->IsOverSaturated()) {
       // There was an upper-bound violation.  Since the error was
@@ -475,17 +486,31 @@ bool UntypedFunctionMockerBase::VerifyAn
       // in the description, as the Expect() call that follows already
       // takes care of it.
       untyped_expectation->MaybeDescribeExtraMatcherTo(&ss);
       untyped_expectation->DescribeCallCountTo(&ss);
       Expect(false, untyped_expectation->file(),
              untyped_expectation->line(), ss.str());
     }
   }
-  untyped_expectations_.clear();
+
+  // Deleting our expectations may trigger other mock objects to be deleted, for
+  // example if an action contains a reference counted smart pointer to that
+  // mock object, and that is the last reference. So if we delete our
+  // expectations within the context of the global mutex we may deadlock when
+  // this method is called again. Instead, make a copy of the set of
+  // expectations to delete, clear our set within the mutex, and then clear the
+  // copied set outside of it.
+  UntypedExpectations expectations_to_delete;
+  untyped_expectations_.swap(expectations_to_delete);
+
+  g_gmock_mutex.Unlock();
+  expectations_to_delete.clear();
+  g_gmock_mutex.Lock();
+
   return expectations_met;
 }
 
 }  // namespace internal
 
 // Class Mock.
 
 namespace {
@@ -560,109 +585,110 @@ class MockObjectRegistry {
       // called.  Therefore we cannot use the normal Google Test
       // failure reporting mechanism.
       _exit(1);  // We cannot call exit() as it is not reentrant and
                  // may already have been called.
     }
   }
 
   StateMap& states() { return states_; }
+
  private:
   StateMap states_;
 };
 
 // Protected by g_gmock_mutex.
 MockObjectRegistry g_mock_object_registry;
 
 // Maps a mock object to the reaction Google Mock should have when an
 // uninteresting method is called.  Protected by g_gmock_mutex.
 std::map<const void*, internal::CallReaction> g_uninteresting_call_reaction;
 
 // Sets the reaction Google Mock should have when an uninteresting
 // method of the given mock object is called.
-// L < g_gmock_mutex
 void SetReactionOnUninterestingCalls(const void* mock_obj,
-                                     internal::CallReaction reaction) {
+                                     internal::CallReaction reaction)
+    GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(internal::g_gmock_mutex) {
   internal::MutexLock l(&internal::g_gmock_mutex);
   g_uninteresting_call_reaction[mock_obj] = reaction;
 }
 
 }  // namespace
 
 // Tells Google Mock to allow uninteresting calls on the given mock
 // object.
-// L < g_gmock_mutex
-void Mock::AllowUninterestingCalls(const void* mock_obj) {
-  SetReactionOnUninterestingCalls(mock_obj, internal::ALLOW);
+void Mock::AllowUninterestingCalls(const void* mock_obj)
+    GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(internal::g_gmock_mutex) {
+  SetReactionOnUninterestingCalls(mock_obj, internal::kAllow);
 }
 
 // Tells Google Mock to warn the user about uninteresting calls on the
 // given mock object.
-// L < g_gmock_mutex
-void Mock::WarnUninterestingCalls(const void* mock_obj) {
-  SetReactionOnUninterestingCalls(mock_obj, internal::WARN);
+void Mock::WarnUninterestingCalls(const void* mock_obj)
+    GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(internal::g_gmock_mutex) {
+  SetReactionOnUninterestingCalls(mock_obj, internal::kWarn);
 }
 
 // Tells Google Mock to fail uninteresting calls on the given mock
 // object.
-// L < g_gmock_mutex
-void Mock::FailUninterestingCalls(const void* mock_obj) {
-  SetReactionOnUninterestingCalls(mock_obj, internal::FAIL);
+void Mock::FailUninterestingCalls(const void* mock_obj)
+    GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(internal::g_gmock_mutex) {
+  SetReactionOnUninterestingCalls(mock_obj, internal::kFail);
 }
 
 // Tells Google Mock the given mock object is being destroyed and its
 // entry in the call-reaction table should be removed.
-// L < g_gmock_mutex
-void Mock::UnregisterCallReaction(const void* mock_obj) {
+void Mock::UnregisterCallReaction(const void* mock_obj)
+    GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(internal::g_gmock_mutex) {
   internal::MutexLock l(&internal::g_gmock_mutex);
   g_uninteresting_call_reaction.erase(mock_obj);
 }
 
 // Returns the reaction Google Mock will have on uninteresting calls
 // made on the given mock object.
-// L < g_gmock_mutex
 internal::CallReaction Mock::GetReactionOnUninterestingCalls(
-    const void* mock_obj) {
+    const void* mock_obj)
+        GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(internal::g_gmock_mutex) {
   internal::MutexLock l(&internal::g_gmock_mutex);
   return (g_uninteresting_call_reaction.count(mock_obj) == 0) ?
-      internal::WARN : g_uninteresting_call_reaction[mock_obj];
+      internal::kDefault : g_uninteresting_call_reaction[mock_obj];
 }
 
 // Tells Google Mock to ignore mock_obj when checking for leaked mock
 // objects.
-// L < g_gmock_mutex
-void Mock::AllowLeak(const void* mock_obj) {
+void Mock::AllowLeak(const void* mock_obj)
+    GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(internal::g_gmock_mutex) {
   internal::MutexLock l(&internal::g_gmock_mutex);
   g_mock_object_registry.states()[mock_obj].leakable = true;
 }
 
 // Verifies and clears all expectations on the given mock object.  If
 // the expectations aren't satisfied, generates one or more Google
 // Test non-fatal failures and returns false.
-// L < g_gmock_mutex
-bool Mock::VerifyAndClearExpectations(void* mock_obj) {
+bool Mock::VerifyAndClearExpectations(void* mock_obj)
+    GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(internal::g_gmock_mutex) {
   internal::MutexLock l(&internal::g_gmock_mutex);
   return VerifyAndClearExpectationsLocked(mock_obj);
 }
 
 // Verifies all expectations on the given mock object and clears its
 // default actions and expectations.  Returns true iff the
 // verification was successful.
-// L < g_gmock_mutex
-bool Mock::VerifyAndClear(void* mock_obj) {
+bool Mock::VerifyAndClear(void* mock_obj)
+    GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(internal::g_gmock_mutex) {
   internal::MutexLock l(&internal::g_gmock_mutex);
   ClearDefaultActionsLocked(mock_obj);
   return VerifyAndClearExpectationsLocked(mock_obj);
 }
 
 // Verifies and clears all expectations on the given mock object.  If
 // the expectations aren't satisfied, generates one or more Google
 // Test non-fatal failures and returns false.
-// L >= g_gmock_mutex
-bool Mock::VerifyAndClearExpectationsLocked(void* mock_obj) {
+bool Mock::VerifyAndClearExpectationsLocked(void* mock_obj)
+    GTEST_EXCLUSIVE_LOCK_REQUIRED_(internal::g_gmock_mutex) {
   internal::g_gmock_mutex.AssertHeld();
   if (g_mock_object_registry.states().count(mock_obj) == 0) {
     // No EXPECT_CALL() was set on the given mock object.
     return true;
   }
 
   // Verifies and clears the expectations on each mock method in the
   // given mock object.
@@ -677,29 +703,29 @@ bool Mock::VerifyAndClearExpectationsLoc
   }
 
   // We don't clear the content of mockers, as they may still be
   // needed by ClearDefaultActionsLocked().
   return expectations_met;
 }
 
 // Registers a mock object and a mock method it owns.
-// L < g_gmock_mutex
 void Mock::Register(const void* mock_obj,
-                    internal::UntypedFunctionMockerBase* mocker) {
+                    internal::UntypedFunctionMockerBase* mocker)
+    GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(internal::g_gmock_mutex) {
   internal::MutexLock l(&internal::g_gmock_mutex);
   g_mock_object_registry.states()[mock_obj].function_mockers.insert(mocker);
 }
 
 // Tells Google Mock where in the source code mock_obj is used in an
 // ON_CALL or EXPECT_CALL.  In case mock_obj is leaked, this
 // information helps the user identify which object it is.
-// L < g_gmock_mutex
-void Mock::RegisterUseByOnCallOrExpectCall(
-    const void* mock_obj, const char* file, int line) {
+void Mock::RegisterUseByOnCallOrExpectCall(const void* mock_obj,
+                                           const char* file, int line)
+    GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(internal::g_gmock_mutex) {
   internal::MutexLock l(&internal::g_gmock_mutex);
   MockObjectState& state = g_mock_object_registry.states()[mock_obj];
   if (state.first_used_file == NULL) {
     state.first_used_file = file;
     state.first_used_line = line;
     const TestInfo* const test_info =
         UnitTest::GetInstance()->current_test_info();
     if (test_info != NULL) {
@@ -711,36 +737,36 @@ void Mock::RegisterUseByOnCallOrExpectCa
     }
   }
 }
 
 // Unregisters a mock method; removes the owning mock object from the
 // registry when the last mock method associated with it has been
 // unregistered.  This is called only in the destructor of
 // FunctionMockerBase.
-// L >= g_gmock_mutex
-void Mock::UnregisterLocked(internal::UntypedFunctionMockerBase* mocker) {
+void Mock::UnregisterLocked(internal::UntypedFunctionMockerBase* mocker)
+    GTEST_EXCLUSIVE_LOCK_REQUIRED_(internal::g_gmock_mutex) {
   internal::g_gmock_mutex.AssertHeld();
   for (MockObjectRegistry::StateMap::iterator it =
            g_mock_object_registry.states().begin();
        it != g_mock_object_registry.states().end(); ++it) {
     FunctionMockers& mockers = it->second.function_mockers;
     if (mockers.erase(mocker) > 0) {
       // mocker was in mockers and has been just removed.
       if (mockers.empty()) {
         g_mock_object_registry.states().erase(it);
       }
       return;
     }
   }
 }
 
 // Clears all ON_CALL()s set on the given mock object.
-// L >= g_gmock_mutex
-void Mock::ClearDefaultActionsLocked(void* mock_obj) {
+void Mock::ClearDefaultActionsLocked(void* mock_obj)
+    GTEST_EXCLUSIVE_LOCK_REQUIRED_(internal::g_gmock_mutex) {
   internal::g_gmock_mutex.AssertHeld();
 
   if (g_mock_object_registry.states().count(mock_obj) == 0) {
     // No ON_CALL() was set on the given mock object.
     return;
   }
 
   // Clears the default actions for each mock method in the given mock
--- a/testing/gtest/gmock/src/gmock.cc
+++ b/testing/gtest/gmock/src/gmock.cc
@@ -57,17 +57,17 @@ namespace internal {
 // Returns the value of the flag, or NULL if the parsing failed.
 static const char* ParseGoogleMockFlagValue(const char* str,
                                             const char* flag,
                                             bool def_optional) {
   // str and flag must not be NULL.
   if (str == NULL || flag == NULL) return NULL;
 
   // The flag must start with "--gmock_".
-  const String flag_str = String::Format("--gmock_%s", flag);
+  const std::string flag_str = std::string("--gmock_") + flag;
   const size_t flag_len = flag_str.length();
   if (strncmp(str, flag_str.c_str(), flag_len) != 0) return NULL;
 
   // Skips the flag name.
   const char* flag_end = str + flag_len;
 
   // When def_optional is true, it's OK to not have a "=value" part.
   if (def_optional && (flag_end[0] == '\0')) {
@@ -101,16 +101,17 @@ static bool ParseGoogleMockBoolFlag(cons
   return true;
 }
 
 // Parses a string for a Google Mock string flag, in the form of
 // "--gmock_flag=value".
 //
 // On success, stores the value of the flag in *value, and returns
 // true.  On failure, returns false without changing *value.
+template <typename String>
 static bool ParseGoogleMockStringFlag(const char* str, const char* flag,
                                       String* value) {
   // Gets the value of the flag as a string.
   const char* const value_str = ParseGoogleMockFlagValue(str, flag, false);
 
   // Aborts if the parsing failed.
   if (value_str == NULL) return false;
 
@@ -126,17 +127,17 @@ static bool ParseGoogleMockStringFlag(co
 template <typename CharType>
 void InitGoogleMockImpl(int* argc, CharType** argv) {
   // Makes sure Google Test is initialized.  InitGoogleTest() is
   // idempotent, so it's fine if the user has already called it.
   InitGoogleTest(argc, argv);
   if (*argc <= 0) return;
 
   for (int i = 1; i != *argc; i++) {
-    const String arg_string = StreamableToString(argv[i]);
+    const std::string arg_string = StreamableToString(argv[i]);
     const char* const arg = arg_string.c_str();
 
     // Do we see a Google Mock flag?
     if (ParseGoogleMockBoolFlag(arg, "catch_leaked_mocks",
                                 &GMOCK_FLAG(catch_leaked_mocks)) ||
         ParseGoogleMockStringFlag(arg, "verbose", &GMOCK_FLAG(verbose))) {
       // Yes.  Shift the remainder of the argv list left by one.  Note
       // that argv has (*argc + 1) elements, the last one always being
@@ -164,19 +165,19 @@ void InitGoogleMockImpl(int* argc, CharT
 // removed from argv, and *argc is decremented.
 //
 // No value is returned.  Instead, the Google Mock flag variables are
 // updated.
 //
 // Since Google Test is needed for Google Mock to work, this function
 // also initializes Google Test and parses its flags, if that hasn't
 // been done.
-void InitGoogleMock(int* argc, char** argv) {
+GTEST_API_ void InitGoogleMock(int* argc, char** argv) {
   internal::InitGoogleMockImpl(argc, argv);
 }
 
 // This overloaded version can be used in Windows programs compiled in
 // UNICODE mode.
-void InitGoogleMock(int* argc, wchar_t** argv) {
+GTEST_API_ void InitGoogleMock(int* argc, wchar_t** argv) {
   internal::InitGoogleMockImpl(argc, argv);
 }
 
 }  // namespace testing
--- a/testing/gtest/gmock/src/gmock_main.cc
+++ b/testing/gtest/gmock/src/gmock_main.cc
@@ -36,19 +36,19 @@
 // MS C++ compiler/linker has a bug on Windows (not on Windows CE), which
 // causes a link error when _tmain is defined in a static library and UNICODE
 // is enabled. For this reason instead of _tmain, main function is used on
 // Windows. See the following link to track the current status of this bug:
 // http://connect.microsoft.com/VisualStudio/feedback/ViewFeedback.aspx?FeedbackID=394464  // NOLINT
 #if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
 # include <tchar.h>  // NOLINT
 
-int _tmain(int argc, TCHAR** argv) {
+GTEST_API_ int _tmain(int argc, TCHAR** argv) {
 #else
-int main(int argc, char** argv) {
+GTEST_API_ int main(int argc, char** argv) {
 #endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
   std::cout << "Running main() from gmock_main.cc\n";
   // Since Google Mock depends on Google Test, InitGoogleMock() is
   // also responsible for initializing Google Test.  Therefore there's
   // no need for calling testing::InitGoogleTest() separately.
   testing::InitGoogleMock(&argc, argv);
   return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
 }
--- a/testing/gtest/gtest/CHANGES
+++ b/testing/gtest/gtest/CHANGES
@@ -1,8 +1,35 @@
+Changes for 1.7.0:
+
+* New feature: death tests are supported on OpenBSD and in iOS
+  simulator now.
+* New feature: Google Test now implements a protocol to allow
+  a test runner to detect that a test program has exited
+  prematurely and report it as a failure (before it would be
+  falsely reported as a success if the exit code is 0).
+* New feature: Test::RecordProperty() can now be used outside of the
+  lifespan of a test method, in which case it will be attributed to
+  the current test case or the test program in the XML report.
+* New feature (potentially breaking): --gtest_list_tests now prints
+  the type parameters and value parameters for each test.
+* Improvement: char pointers and char arrays are now escaped properly
+  in failure messages.
+* Improvement: failure summary in XML reports now includes file and
+  line information.
+* Improvement: the <testsuites> XML element now has a timestamp attribute.
+* Improvement: When --gtest_filter is specified, XML report now doesn't
+  contain information about tests that are filtered out.
+* Fixed the bug where long --gtest_filter flag values are truncated in
+  death tests.
+* Potentially breaking change: RUN_ALL_TESTS() is now implemented as a
+  function instead of a macro in order to work better with Clang.
+* Compatibility fixes with C++ 11 and various platforms.
+* Bug/warning fixes.
+
 Changes for 1.6.0:
 
 * New feature: ADD_FAILURE_AT() for reporting a test failure at the
   given source location -- useful for writing testing utilities.
 * New feature: the universal value printer is moved from Google Mock
   to Google Test.
 * New feature: type parameters and value parameters are reported in
   the XML report now.
rename from testing/gtest/gtest/COPYING
rename to testing/gtest/gtest/LICENSE
--- a/testing/gtest/gtest/include/gtest/gtest-death-test.h
+++ b/testing/gtest/gtest/include/gtest/gtest-death-test.h
@@ -46,16 +46,27 @@ namespace testing {
 // meaning that the death test child process will re-execute the test binary
 // from the start, running only a single death test, or "fast",
 // meaning that the child process will execute the test logic immediately
 // after forking.
 GTEST_DECLARE_string_(death_test_style);
 
 #if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
 
+namespace internal {
+
+// Returns a Boolean value indicating whether the caller is currently
+// executing in the context of the death test child process.  Tools such as
+// Valgrind heap checkers may need this to modify their behavior in death
+// tests.  IMPORTANT: This is an internal utility.  Using it may break the
+// implementation of death tests.  User code MUST NOT use it.
+GTEST_API_ bool InDeathTestChild();
+
+}  // namespace internal
+
 // The following macros are useful for writing death tests.
 
 // Here's what happens when an ASSERT_DEATH* or EXPECT_DEATH* is
 // executed:
 //
 //   1. It generates a warning if there is more than one active
 //   thread.  This is because it's safe to fork() or clone() only
 //   when there is a single thread.
@@ -70,17 +81,17 @@ GTEST_DECLARE_string_(death_test_style);
 //   the sub-process.
 //
 // Examples:
 //
 //   ASSERT_DEATH(server.SendMessage(56, "Hello"), "Invalid port number");
 //   for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
 //     EXPECT_DEATH(server.ProcessRequest(i),
 //                  "Invalid request .* in ProcessRequest()")
-//         << "Failed to die on request " << i);
+//                  << "Failed to die on request " << i;
 //   }
 //
 //   ASSERT_EXIT(server.ExitNow(), ::testing::ExitedWithCode(0), "Exiting");
 //
 //   bool KilledBySIGHUP(int exit_code) {
 //     return WIFSIGNALED(exit_code) && WTERMSIG(exit_code) == SIGHUP;
 //   }
 //
@@ -240,20 +251,20 @@ class GTEST_API_ KilledBySignal {
 //   // Side-effects here will have an effect after this statement in
 //   // opt mode, but none in debug mode.
 //   EXPECT_EQ(12, DieInDebugOr12(&sideeffect));
 // }, "death");
 //
 # ifdef NDEBUG
 
 #  define EXPECT_DEBUG_DEATH(statement, regex) \
-  do { statement; } while (::testing::internal::AlwaysFalse())
+  GTEST_EXECUTE_STATEMENT_(statement, regex)
 
 #  define ASSERT_DEBUG_DEATH(statement, regex) \
-  do { statement; } while (::testing::internal::AlwaysFalse())
+  GTEST_EXECUTE_STATEMENT_(statement, regex)
 
 # else
 
 #  define EXPECT_DEBUG_DEATH(statement, regex) \
   EXPECT_DEATH(statement, regex)
 
 #  define ASSERT_DEBUG_DEATH(statement, regex) \
   ASSERT_DEATH(statement, regex)
--- a/testing/gtest/gtest/include/gtest/gtest-message.h
+++ b/testing/gtest/gtest/include/gtest/gtest-message.h
@@ -43,18 +43,21 @@
 // to CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE.  Therefore DO NOT DEPEND ON IT in a user
 // program!
 
 #ifndef GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_MESSAGE_H_
 #define GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_MESSAGE_H_
 
 #include <limits>
 
-#include "gtest/internal/gtest-string.h"
-#include "gtest/internal/gtest-internal.h"
+#include "gtest/internal/gtest-port.h"
+
+// Ensures that there is at least one operator<< in the global namespace.
+// See Message& operator<<(...) below for why.
+void operator<<(const testing::internal::Secret&, int);
 
 namespace testing {
 
 // The Message class works like an ostream repeater.
 //
 // Typical usage:
 //
 //   1. You stream a bunch of values to a Message object.
@@ -82,25 +85,17 @@ namespace testing {
 class GTEST_API_ Message {
  private:
   // The type of basic IO manipulators (endl, ends, and flush) for
   // narrow streams.
   typedef std::ostream& (*BasicNarrowIoManip)(std::ostream&);
 
  public:
   // Constructs an empty Message.
-  // We allocate the stringstream separately because otherwise each use of
-  // ASSERT/EXPECT in a procedure adds over 200 bytes to the procedure's
-  // stack frame leading to huge stack frames in some cases; gcc does not reuse
-  // the stack space.
-  Message() : ss_(new ::std::stringstream) {
-    // By default, we want there to be enough precision when printing
-    // a double to a Message.
-    *ss_ << std::setprecision(std::numeric_limits<double>::digits10 + 2);
-  }
+  Message();
 
   // Copy constructor.
   Message(const Message& msg) : ss_(new ::std::stringstream) {  // NOLINT
     *ss_ << msg.GetString();
   }
 
   // Constructs a Message from a C-string.
   explicit Message(const char* str) : ss_(new ::std::stringstream) {
@@ -113,17 +108,32 @@ class GTEST_API_ Message {
   inline Message& operator <<(const T& value) {
     StreamHelper(typename internal::is_pointer<T>::type(), value);
     return *this;
   }
 #else
   // Streams a non-pointer value to this object.
   template <typename T>
   inline Message& operator <<(const T& val) {
-    ::GTestStreamToHelper(ss_.get(), val);
+    // Some libraries overload << for STL containers.  These
+    // overloads are defined in the global namespace instead of ::std.
+    //
+    // C++'s symbol lookup rule (i.e. Koenig lookup) says that these
+    // overloads are visible in either the std namespace or the global
+    // namespace, but not other namespaces, including the testing
+    // namespace which Google Test's Message class is in.
+    //
+    // To allow STL containers (and other types that has a << operator
+    // defined in the global namespace) to be used in Google Test
+    // assertions, testing::Message must access the custom << operator
+    // from the global namespace.  With this using declaration,
+    // overloads of << defined in the global namespace and those
+    // visible via Koenig lookup are both exposed in this function.
+    using ::operator <<;
+    *ss_ << val;
     return *this;
   }
 
   // Streams a pointer value to this object.
   //
   // This function is an overload of the previous one.  When you
   // stream a pointer to a Message, this definition will be used as it
   // is more specialized.  (The C++ Standard, section
@@ -135,17 +145,17 @@ class GTEST_API_ Message {
   // may get "0", "(nil)", "(null)", or an access violation.  To
   // ensure consistent result across compilers, we always treat NULL
   // as "(null)".
   template <typename T>
   inline Message& operator <<(T* const& pointer) {  // NOLINT
     if (pointer == NULL) {
       *ss_ << "(null)";
     } else {
-      ::GTestStreamToHelper(ss_.get(), pointer);
+      *ss_ << pointer;
     }
     return *this;
   }
 #endif  // GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN
 
   // Since the basic IO manipulators are overloaded for both narrow
   // and wide streams, we have to provide this specialized definition
   // of operator <<, even though its body is the same as the
@@ -159,72 +169,82 @@ class GTEST_API_ Message {
 
   // Instead of 1/0, we want to see true/false for bool values.
   Message& operator <<(bool b) {
     return *this << (b ? "true" : "false");
   }
 
   // These two overloads allow streaming a wide C string to a Message
   // using the UTF-8 encoding.
-  Message& operator <<(const wchar_t* wide_c_str) {
-    return *this << internal::String::ShowWideCString(wide_c_str);
-  }
-  Message& operator <<(wchar_t* wide_c_str) {
-    return *this << internal::String::ShowWideCString(wide_c_str);
-  }
+  Message& operator <<(const wchar_t* wide_c_str);
+  Message& operator <<(wchar_t* wide_c_str);
 
 #if GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
   // Converts the given wide string to a narrow string using the UTF-8
   // encoding, and streams the result to this Message object.
   Message& operator <<(const ::std::wstring& wstr);
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
 
 #if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING
   // Converts the given wide string to a narrow string using the UTF-8
   // encoding, and streams the result to this Message object.
   Message& operator <<(const ::wstring& wstr);
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING
 
-  // Gets the text streamed to this object so far as a String.
+  // Gets the text streamed to this object so far as an std::string.
   // Each '\0' character in the buffer is replaced with "\\0".
   //
   // INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN A USER PROGRAM.
-  internal::String GetString() const {
-    return internal::StringStreamToString(ss_.get());
-  }
+  std::string GetString() const;
 
  private:
 
 #if GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN
   // These are needed as the Nokia Symbian Compiler cannot decide between
   // const T& and const T* in a function template. The Nokia compiler _can_
   // decide between class template specializations for T and T*, so a
   // tr1::type_traits-like is_pointer works, and we can overload on that.
   template <typename T>
-  inline void StreamHelper(internal::true_type /*dummy*/, T* pointer) {
+  inline void StreamHelper(internal::true_type /*is_pointer*/, T* pointer) {
     if (pointer == NULL) {
       *ss_ << "(null)";
     } else {
-      ::GTestStreamToHelper(ss_.get(), pointer);
+      *ss_ << pointer;
     }
   }
   template <typename T>
-  inline void StreamHelper(internal::false_type /*dummy*/, const T& value) {
-    ::GTestStreamToHelper(ss_.get(), value);
+  inline void StreamHelper(internal::false_type /*is_pointer*/,
+                           const T& value) {
+    // See the comments in Message& operator <<(const T&) above for why
+    // we need this using statement.
+    using ::operator <<;
+    *ss_ << value;
   }
 #endif  // GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN
 
   // We'll hold the text streamed to this object here.
   const internal::scoped_ptr< ::std::stringstream> ss_;
 
   // We declare (but don't implement) this to prevent the compiler
   // from implementing the assignment operator.
   void operator=(const Message&);
 };
 
 // Streams a Message to an ostream.
 inline std::ostream& operator <<(std::ostream& os, const Message& sb) {
   return os << sb.GetString();
 }
 
+namespace internal {
+
+// Converts a streamable value to an std::string.  A NULL pointer is
+// converted to "(null)".  When the input value is a ::string,
+// ::std::string, ::wstring, or ::std::wstring object, each NUL
+// character in it is replaced with "\\0".
+template <typename T>
+std::string StreamableToString(const T& streamable) {
+  return (Message() << streamable).GetString();
+}
+
+}  // namespace internal
 }  // namespace testing
 
 #endif  // GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_MESSAGE_H_
--- a/testing/gtest/gtest/include/gtest/gtest-param-test.h
+++ b/testing/gtest/gtest/include/gtest/gtest-param-test.h
@@ -1252,17 +1252,17 @@ inline internal::ParamGenerator<bool> Bo
 // INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(AnimalVariations, AnimalTest,
 //                         Combine(Values("cat", "dog"),
 //                                 Values(BLACK, WHITE)));
 //
 // This will instantiate tests in FlagDependentTest with all variations of two
 // Boolean flags:
 //
 // class FlagDependentTest
-//     : public testing::TestWithParam<tuple(bool, bool)> > {
+//     : public testing::TestWithParam<tuple<bool, bool> > {
 //   virtual void SetUp() {
 //     // Assigns external_flag_1 and external_flag_2 values from the tuple.
 //     tie(external_flag_1, external_flag_2) = GetParam();
 //   }
 // };
 //
 // TEST_P(FlagDependentTest, TestFeature1) {
 //   // Test your code using external_flag_1 and external_flag_2 here.
@@ -1382,40 +1382,63 @@ internal::CartesianProductHolder10<Gener
       : public test_case_name { \
    public: \
     GTEST_TEST_CLASS_NAME_(test_case_name, test_name)() {} \
     virtual void TestBody(); \
    private: \
     static int AddToRegistry() { \
       ::testing::UnitTest::GetInstance()->parameterized_test_registry(). \
           GetTestCasePatternHolder<test_case_name>(\
-              #test_case_name, __FILE__, __LINE__)->AddTestPattern(\
-                  #test_case_name, \
-                  #test_name, \
-                  new ::testing::internal::TestMetaFactory< \
-                      GTEST_TEST_CLASS_NAME_(test_case_name, test_name)>()); \
+              #test_case_name, \
+              ::testing::internal::CodeLocation(\
+                  __FILE__, __LINE__))->AddTestPattern(\
+                      #test_case_name, \
+                      #test_name, \
+                      new ::testing::internal::TestMetaFactory< \
+                          GTEST_TEST_CLASS_NAME_(\
+                              test_case_name, test_name)>()); \
       return 0; \
     } \
-    static int gtest_registering_dummy_; \
+    static int gtest_registering_dummy_ GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_; \
     GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(\
         GTEST_TEST_CLASS_NAME_(test_case_name, test_name)); \
   }; \
   int GTEST_TEST_CLASS_NAME_(test_case_name, \
                              test_name)::gtest_registering_dummy_ = \
       GTEST_TEST_CLASS_NAME_(test_case_name, test_name)::AddToRegistry(); \
   void GTEST_TEST_CLASS_NAME_(test_case_name, test_name)::TestBody()
 
-# define INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(prefix, test_case_name, generator) \
+// The optional last argument to INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P allows the user
+// to specify a function or functor that generates custom test name suffixes
+// based on the test parameters. The function should accept one argument of
+// type testing::TestParamInfo<class ParamType>, and return std::string.
+//
+// testing::PrintToStringParamName is a builtin test suffix generator that
+// returns the value of testing::PrintToString(GetParam()). It does not work
+// for std::string or C strings.
+//
+// Note: test names must be non-empty, unique, and may only contain ASCII
+// alphanumeric characters or underscore.
+
+# define INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(prefix, test_case_name, generator, ...) \
   ::testing::internal::ParamGenerator<test_case_name::ParamType> \
       gtest_##prefix##test_case_name##_EvalGenerator_() { return generator; } \
-  int gtest_##prefix##test_case_name##_dummy_ = \
+  ::std::string gtest_##prefix##test_case_name##_EvalGenerateName_( \
+      const ::testing::TestParamInfo<test_case_name::ParamType>& info) { \
+    return ::testing::internal::GetParamNameGen<test_case_name::ParamType> \
+        (__VA_ARGS__)(info); \
+  } \
+  int gtest_##prefix##test_case_name##_dummy_ GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_ = \
       ::testing::UnitTest::GetInstance()->parameterized_test_registry(). \
           GetTestCasePatternHolder<test_case_name>(\
-              #test_case_name, __FILE__, __LINE__)->AddTestCaseInstantiation(\
-                  #prefix, \
-                  &gtest_##prefix##test_case_name##_EvalGenerator_, \
-                  __FILE__, __LINE__)
+              #test_case_name, \
+              ::testing::internal::CodeLocation(\
+                  __FILE__, __LINE__))->AddTestCaseInstantiation(\
+                      #prefix, \
+                      &gtest_##prefix##test_case_name##_EvalGenerator_, \
+                      &gtest_##prefix##test_case_name##_EvalGenerateName_, \
+                      __FILE__, __LINE__)
 
 }  // namespace testing
 
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
 
 #endif  // GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_PARAM_TEST_H_
--- a/testing/gtest/gtest/include/gtest/gtest-param-test.h.pump
+++ b/testing/gtest/gtest/include/gtest/gtest-param-test.h.pump
@@ -409,17 +409,17 @@ inline internal::ParamGenerator<bool> Bo
 // INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(AnimalVariations, AnimalTest,
 //                         Combine(Values("cat", "dog"),
 //                                 Values(BLACK, WHITE)));
 //
 // This will instantiate tests in FlagDependentTest with all variations of two
 // Boolean flags:
 //
 // class FlagDependentTest
-//     : public testing::TestWithParam<tuple(bool, bool)> > {
+//     : public testing::TestWithParam<tuple<bool, bool> > {
 //   virtual void SetUp() {
 //     // Assigns external_flag_1 and external_flag_2 values from the tuple.
 //     tie(external_flag_1, external_flag_2) = GetParam();
 //   }
 // };
 //
 // TEST_P(FlagDependentTest, TestFeature1) {
 //   // Test your code using external_flag_1 and external_flag_2 here.
@@ -448,40 +448,63 @@ internal::CartesianProductHolder$i<$for 
       : public test_case_name { \
    public: \
     GTEST_TEST_CLASS_NAME_(test_case_name, test_name)() {} \
     virtual void TestBody(); \
    private: \
     static int AddToRegistry() { \
       ::testing::UnitTest::GetInstance()->parameterized_test_registry(). \
           GetTestCasePatternHolder<test_case_name>(\
-              #test_case_name, __FILE__, __LINE__)->AddTestPattern(\
-                  #test_case_name, \
-                  #test_name, \
-                  new ::testing::internal::TestMetaFactory< \
-                      GTEST_TEST_CLASS_NAME_(test_case_name, test_name)>()); \
+              #test_case_name, \
+              ::testing::internal::CodeLocation(\
+                  __FILE__, __LINE__))->AddTestPattern(\
+                      #test_case_name, \
+                      #test_name, \
+                      new ::testing::internal::TestMetaFactory< \
+                          GTEST_TEST_CLASS_NAME_(\
+                              test_case_name, test_name)>()); \
       return 0; \
     } \
-    static int gtest_registering_dummy_; \
+    static int gtest_registering_dummy_ GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_; \
     GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(\
         GTEST_TEST_CLASS_NAME_(test_case_name, test_name)); \
   }; \
   int GTEST_TEST_CLASS_NAME_(test_case_name, \
                              test_name)::gtest_registering_dummy_ = \
       GTEST_TEST_CLASS_NAME_(test_case_name, test_name)::AddToRegistry(); \
   void GTEST_TEST_CLASS_NAME_(test_case_name, test_name)::TestBody()
 
-# define INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(prefix, test_case_name, generator) \
+// The optional last argument to INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P allows the user
+// to specify a function or functor that generates custom test name suffixes
+// based on the test parameters. The function should accept one argument of
+// type testing::TestParamInfo<class ParamType>, and return std::string.
+//
+// testing::PrintToStringParamName is a builtin test suffix generator that
+// returns the value of testing::PrintToString(GetParam()).
+//
+// Note: test names must be non-empty, unique, and may only contain ASCII
+// alphanumeric characters or underscore. Because PrintToString adds quotes
+// to std::string and C strings, it won't work for these types.
+
+# define INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(prefix, test_case_name, generator, ...) \
   ::testing::internal::ParamGenerator<test_case_name::ParamType> \
       gtest_##prefix##test_case_name##_EvalGenerator_() { return generator; } \
-  int gtest_##prefix##test_case_name##_dummy_ = \
+  ::std::string gtest_##prefix##test_case_name##_EvalGenerateName_( \
+      const ::testing::TestParamInfo<test_case_name::ParamType>& info) { \
+    return ::testing::internal::GetParamNameGen<test_case_name::ParamType> \
+        (__VA_ARGS__)(info); \
+  } \
+  int gtest_##prefix##test_case_name##_dummy_ GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_ = \
       ::testing::UnitTest::GetInstance()->parameterized_test_registry(). \
           GetTestCasePatternHolder<test_case_name>(\
-              #test_case_name, __FILE__, __LINE__)->AddTestCaseInstantiation(\
-                  #prefix, \
-                  &gtest_##prefix##test_case_name##_EvalGenerator_, \
-                  __FILE__, __LINE__)
+              #test_case_name, \
+              ::testing::internal::CodeLocation(\
+                  __FILE__, __LINE__))->AddTestCaseInstantiation(\
+                      #prefix, \
+                      &gtest_##prefix##test_case_name##_EvalGenerator_, \
+                      &gtest_##prefix##test_case_name##_EvalGenerateName_, \
+                      __FILE__, __LINE__)
 
 }  // namespace testing
 
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
 
 #endif  // GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_PARAM_TEST_H_
--- a/testing/gtest/gtest/include/gtest/gtest-printers.h
+++ b/testing/gtest/gtest/include/gtest/gtest-printers.h
@@ -98,16 +98,20 @@
 #include <ostream>  // NOLINT
 #include <sstream>
 #include <string>
 #include <utility>
 #include <vector>
 #include "gtest/internal/gtest-port.h"
 #include "gtest/internal/gtest-internal.h"
 
+#if GTEST_HAS_STD_TUPLE_
+# include <tuple>
+#endif
+
 namespace testing {
 
 // Definitions in the 'internal' and 'internal2' name spaces are
 // subject to change without notice.  DO NOT USE THEM IN USER CODE!
 namespace internal2 {
 
 // Prints the given number of bytes in the given object to the given
 // ostream.
@@ -245,16 +249,113 @@ void DefaultPrintNonContainerTo(const T&
   *os << value;
 }
 
 }  // namespace testing_internal
 
 namespace testing {
 namespace internal {
 
+// FormatForComparison<ToPrint, OtherOperand>::Format(value) formats a
+// value of type ToPrint that is an operand of a comparison assertion
+// (e.g. ASSERT_EQ).  OtherOperand is the type of the other operand in
+// the comparison, and is used to help determine the best way to
+// format the value.  In particular, when the value is a C string
+// (char pointer) and the other operand is an STL string object, we
+// want to format the C string as a string, since we know it is
+// compared by value with the string object.  If the value is a char
+// pointer but the other operand is not an STL string object, we don't
+// know whether the pointer is supposed to point to a NUL-terminated
+// string, and thus want to print it as a pointer to be safe.
+//
+// INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN A USER PROGRAM.
+
+// The default case.
+template <typename ToPrint, typename OtherOperand>
+class FormatForComparison {
+ public:
+  static ::std::string Format(const ToPrint& value) {
+    return ::testing::PrintToString(value);
+  }
+};
+
+// Array.
+template <typename ToPrint, size_t N, typename OtherOperand>
+class FormatForComparison<ToPrint[N], OtherOperand> {
+ public:
+  static ::std::string Format(const ToPrint* value) {
+    return FormatForComparison<const ToPrint*, OtherOperand>::Format(value);
+  }
+};
+
+// By default, print C string as pointers to be safe, as we don't know
+// whether they actually point to a NUL-terminated string.
+
+#define GTEST_IMPL_FORMAT_C_STRING_AS_POINTER_(CharType)                \
+  template <typename OtherOperand>                                      \
+  class FormatForComparison<CharType*, OtherOperand> {                  \
+   public:                                                              \
+    static ::std::string Format(CharType* value) {                      \
+      return ::testing::PrintToString(static_cast<const void*>(value)); \
+    }                                                                   \
+  }
+
+GTEST_IMPL_FORMAT_C_STRING_AS_POINTER_(char);
+GTEST_IMPL_FORMAT_C_STRING_AS_POINTER_(const char);
+GTEST_IMPL_FORMAT_C_STRING_AS_POINTER_(wchar_t);
+GTEST_IMPL_FORMAT_C_STRING_AS_POINTER_(const wchar_t);
+
+#undef GTEST_IMPL_FORMAT_C_STRING_AS_POINTER_
+
+// If a C string is compared with an STL string object, we know it's meant
+// to point to a NUL-terminated string, and thus can print it as a string.
+
+#define GTEST_IMPL_FORMAT_C_STRING_AS_STRING_(CharType, OtherStringType) \
+  template <>                                                           \
+  class FormatForComparison<CharType*, OtherStringType> {               \
+   public:                                                              \
+    static ::std::string Format(CharType* value) {                      \
+      return ::testing::PrintToString(value);                           \
+    }                                                                   \
+  }
+
+GTEST_IMPL_FORMAT_C_STRING_AS_STRING_(char, ::std::string);
+GTEST_IMPL_FORMAT_C_STRING_AS_STRING_(const char, ::std::string);
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
+GTEST_IMPL_FORMAT_C_STRING_AS_STRING_(char, ::string);
+GTEST_IMPL_FORMAT_C_STRING_AS_STRING_(const char, ::string);
+#endif
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING
+GTEST_IMPL_FORMAT_C_STRING_AS_STRING_(wchar_t, ::wstring);
+GTEST_IMPL_FORMAT_C_STRING_AS_STRING_(const wchar_t, ::wstring);
+#endif
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
+GTEST_IMPL_FORMAT_C_STRING_AS_STRING_(wchar_t, ::std::wstring);
+GTEST_IMPL_FORMAT_C_STRING_AS_STRING_(const wchar_t, ::std::wstring);
+#endif
+
+#undef GTEST_IMPL_FORMAT_C_STRING_AS_STRING_
+
+// Formats a comparison assertion (e.g. ASSERT_EQ, EXPECT_LT, and etc)
+// operand to be used in a failure message.  The type (but not value)
+// of the other operand may affect the format.  This allows us to
+// print a char* as a raw pointer when it is compared against another
+// char* or void*, and print it as a C string when it is compared
+// against an std::string object, for example.
+//
+// INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN A USER PROGRAM.
+template <typename T1, typename T2>
+std::string FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(
+    const T1& value, const T2& /* other_operand */) {
+  return FormatForComparison<T1, T2>::Format(value);
+}
+
 // UniversalPrinter<T>::Print(value, ostream_ptr) prints the given
 // value to the given ostream.  The caller must ensure that
 // 'ostream_ptr' is not NULL, or the behavior is undefined.
 //
 // We define UniversalPrinter as a class template (as opposed to a
 // function template), as we need to partially specialize it for
 // reference types, which cannot be done with function templates.
 template <typename T>
@@ -475,24 +576,26 @@ inline void PrintTo(const ::wstring& s, 
 
 #if GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
 GTEST_API_ void PrintWideStringTo(const ::std::wstring&s, ::std::ostream* os);
 inline void PrintTo(const ::std::wstring& s, ::std::ostream* os) {
   PrintWideStringTo(s, os);
 }
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
 
-#if GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE
-// Overload for ::std::tr1::tuple.  Needed for printing function arguments,
-// which are packed as tuples.
-
+#if GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE || GTEST_HAS_STD_TUPLE_
 // Helper function for printing a tuple.  T must be instantiated with
 // a tuple type.
 template <typename T>
 void PrintTupleTo(const T& t, ::std::ostream* os);
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE || GTEST_HAS_STD_TUPLE_
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE
+// Overload for ::std::tr1::tuple.  Needed for printing function arguments,
+// which are packed as tuples.
 
 // Overloaded PrintTo() for tuples of various arities.  We support
 // tuples of up-to 10 fields.  The following implementation works
 // regardless of whether tr1::tuple is implemented using the
 // non-standard variadic template feature or not.
 
 inline void PrintTo(const ::std::tr1::tuple<>& t, ::std::ostream* os) {
   PrintTupleTo(t, os);
@@ -556,16 +659,23 @@ template <typename T1, typename T2, type
           typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10>
 void PrintTo(
     const ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10>& t,
     ::std::ostream* os) {
   PrintTupleTo(t, os);
 }
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE
 
+#if GTEST_HAS_STD_TUPLE_
+template <typename... Types>
+void PrintTo(const ::std::tuple<Types...>& t, ::std::ostream* os) {
+  PrintTupleTo(t, os);
+}
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_TUPLE_
+
 // Overload for std::pair.
 template <typename T1, typename T2>
 void PrintTo(const ::std::pair<T1, T2>& value, ::std::ostream* os) {
   *os << '(';
   // We cannot use UniversalPrint(value.first, os) here, as T1 may be
   // a reference type.  The same for printing value.second.
   UniversalPrinter<T1>::Print(value.first, os);
   *os << ", ";
@@ -575,39 +685,34 @@ void PrintTo(const ::std::pair<T1, T2>& 
 
 // Implements printing a non-reference type T by letting the compiler
 // pick the right overload of PrintTo() for T.
 template <typename T>
 class UniversalPrinter {
  public:
   // MSVC warns about adding const to a function type, so we want to
   // disable the warning.
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-# pragma warning(push)          // Saves the current warning state.
-# pragma warning(disable:4180)  // Temporarily disables warning 4180.
-#endif  // _MSC_VER
+  GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(4180)
 
   // Note: we deliberately don't call this PrintTo(), as that name
   // conflicts with ::testing::internal::PrintTo in the body of the
   // function.
   static void Print(const T& value, ::std::ostream* os) {
     // By default, ::testing::internal::PrintTo() is used for printing
     // the value.
     //
     // Thanks to Koenig look-up, if T is a class and has its own
     // PrintTo() function defined in its namespace, that function will
     // be visible here.  Since it is more specific than the generic ones
     // in ::testing::internal, it will be picked by the compiler in the
     // following statement - exactly what we want.
     PrintTo(value, os);
   }
 
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-# pragma warning(pop)           // Restores the warning state.
-#endif  // _MSC_VER
+  GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_()
 };
 
 // UniversalPrintArray(begin, len, os) prints an array of 'len'
 // elements, starting at address 'begin'.
 template <typename T>
 void UniversalPrintArray(const T* begin, size_t len, ::std::ostream* os) {
   if (len == 0) {
     *os << "{}";
@@ -625,19 +730,22 @@ void UniversalPrintArray(const T* begin,
       PrintRawArrayTo(begin, kChunkSize, os);
       *os << ", ..., ";
       PrintRawArrayTo(begin + len - kChunkSize, kChunkSize, os);
     }
     *os << " }";
   }
 }
 // This overload prints a (const) char array compactly.
-GTEST_API_ void UniversalPrintArray(const char* begin,
-                                    size_t len,
-                                    ::std::ostream* os);
+GTEST_API_ void UniversalPrintArray(
+    const char* begin, size_t len, ::std::ostream* os);
+
+// This overload prints a (const) wchar_t array compactly.
+GTEST_API_ void UniversalPrintArray(
+    const wchar_t* begin, size_t len, ::std::ostream* os);
 
 // Implements printing an array type T[N].
 template <typename T, size_t N>
 class UniversalPrinter<T[N]> {
  public:
   // Prints the given array, omitting some elements when there are too
   // many.
   static void Print(const T (&a)[N], ::std::ostream* os) {
@@ -646,151 +754,240 @@ class UniversalPrinter<T[N]> {
 };
 
 // Implements printing a reference type T&.
 template <typename T>
 class UniversalPrinter<T&> {
  public:
   // MSVC warns about adding const to a function type, so we want to
   // disable the warning.
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-# pragma warning(push)          // Saves the current warning state.
-# pragma warning(disable:4180)  // Temporarily disables warning 4180.
-#endif  // _MSC_VER
+  GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(4180)
 
   static void Print(const T& value, ::std::ostream* os) {
     // Prints the address of the value.  We use reinterpret_cast here
     // as static_cast doesn't compile when T is a function type.
     *os << "@" << reinterpret_cast<const void*>(&value) << " ";
 
     // Then prints the value itself.
     UniversalPrint(value, os);
   }
 
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-# pragma warning(pop)           // Restores the warning state.
-#endif  // _MSC_VER
+  GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_()
 };
 
 // Prints a value tersely: for a reference type, the referenced value
 // (but not the address) is printed; for a (const) char pointer, the
 // NUL-terminated string (but not the pointer) is printed.
+
+template <typename T>
+class UniversalTersePrinter {
+ public:
+  static void Print(const T& value, ::std::ostream* os) {
+    UniversalPrint(value, os);
+  }
+};
+template <typename T>
+class UniversalTersePrinter<T&> {
+ public:
+  static void Print(const T& value, ::std::ostream* os) {
+    UniversalPrint(value, os);
+  }
+};
+template <typename T, size_t N>
+class UniversalTersePrinter<T[N]> {
+ public:
+  static void Print(const T (&value)[N], ::std::ostream* os) {
+    UniversalPrinter<T[N]>::Print(value, os);
+  }
+};
+template <>
+class UniversalTersePrinter<const char*> {
+ public:
+  static void Print(const char* str, ::std::ostream* os) {
+    if (str == NULL) {
+      *os << "NULL";
+    } else {
+      UniversalPrint(string(str), os);
+    }
+  }
+};
+template <>
+class UniversalTersePrinter<char*> {
+ public:
+  static void Print(char* str, ::std::ostream* os) {
+    UniversalTersePrinter<const char*>::Print(str, os);
+  }
+};
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
+template <>
+class UniversalTersePrinter<const wchar_t*> {
+ public:
+  static void Print(const wchar_t* str, ::std::ostream* os) {
+    if (str == NULL) {
+      *os << "NULL";
+    } else {
+      UniversalPrint(::std::wstring(str), os);
+    }
+  }
+};
+#endif
+
+template <>
+class UniversalTersePrinter<wchar_t*> {
+ public:
+  static void Print(wchar_t* str, ::std::ostream* os) {
+    UniversalTersePrinter<const wchar_t*>::Print(str, os);
+  }
+};
+
 template <typename T>
 void UniversalTersePrint(const T& value, ::std::ostream* os) {
-  UniversalPrint(value, os);
-}
-inline void UniversalTersePrint(const char* str, ::std::ostream* os) {
-  if (str == NULL) {
-    *os << "NULL";
-  } else {
-    UniversalPrint(string(str), os);
-  }
-}
-inline void UniversalTersePrint(char* str, ::std::ostream* os) {
-  UniversalTersePrint(static_cast<const char*>(str), os);
+  UniversalTersePrinter<T>::Print(value, os);
 }
 
 // Prints a value using the type inferred by the compiler.  The
 // difference between this and UniversalTersePrint() is that for a
 // (const) char pointer, this prints both the pointer and the
 // NUL-terminated string.
 template <typename T>
 void UniversalPrint(const T& value, ::std::ostream* os) {
-  UniversalPrinter<T>::Print(value, os);
+  // A workarond for the bug in VC++ 7.1 that prevents us from instantiating
+  // UniversalPrinter with T directly.
+  typedef T T1;
+  UniversalPrinter<T1>::Print(value, os);
 }
 
-#if GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE
 typedef ::std::vector<string> Strings;
 
+// TuplePolicy<TupleT> must provide:
+// - tuple_size
+//     size of tuple TupleT.
+// - get<size_t I>(const TupleT& t)
+//     static function extracting element I of tuple TupleT.
+// - tuple_element<size_t I>::type
+//     type of element I of tuple TupleT.
+template <typename TupleT>
+struct TuplePolicy;
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE
+template <typename TupleT>
+struct TuplePolicy {
+  typedef TupleT Tuple;
+  static const size_t tuple_size = ::std::tr1::tuple_size<Tuple>::value;
+
+  template <size_t I>
+  struct tuple_element : ::std::tr1::tuple_element<I, Tuple> {};
+
+  template <size_t I>
+  static typename AddReference<
+      const typename ::std::tr1::tuple_element<I, Tuple>::type>::type get(
+      const Tuple& tuple) {
+    return ::std::tr1::get<I>(tuple);
+  }
+};
+template <typename TupleT>
+const size_t TuplePolicy<TupleT>::tuple_size;
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_STD_TUPLE_
+template <typename... Types>
+struct TuplePolicy< ::std::tuple<Types...> > {
+  typedef ::std::tuple<Types...> Tuple;
+  static const size_t tuple_size = ::std::tuple_size<Tuple>::value;
+
+  template <size_t I>
+  struct tuple_element : ::std::tuple_element<I, Tuple> {};
+
+  template <size_t I>
+  static const typename ::std::tuple_element<I, Tuple>::type& get(
+      const Tuple& tuple) {
+    return ::std::get<I>(tuple);
+  }
+};
+template <typename... Types>
+const size_t TuplePolicy< ::std::tuple<Types...> >::tuple_size;
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_TUPLE_
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE || GTEST_HAS_STD_TUPLE_
 // This helper template allows PrintTo() for tuples and
 // UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStrings() to be defined by
 // induction on the number of tuple fields.  The idea is that
 // TuplePrefixPrinter<N>::PrintPrefixTo(t, os) prints the first N
 // fields in tuple t, and can be defined in terms of
 // TuplePrefixPrinter<N - 1>.
-
+//
 // The inductive case.
 template <size_t N>
 struct TuplePrefixPrinter {
   // Prints the first N fields of a tuple.
   template <typename Tuple>
   static void PrintPrefixTo(const Tuple& t, ::std::ostream* os) {
     TuplePrefixPrinter<N - 1>::PrintPrefixTo(t, os);
-    *os << ", ";
-    UniversalPrinter<typename ::std::tr1::tuple_element<N - 1, Tuple>::type>
-        ::Print(::std::tr1::get<N - 1>(t), os);
+    GTEST_INTENTIONAL_CONST_COND_PUSH_()
+    if (N > 1) {
+    GTEST_INTENTIONAL_CONST_COND_POP_()
+      *os << ", ";
+    }
+    UniversalPrinter<
+        typename TuplePolicy<Tuple>::template tuple_element<N - 1>::type>
+        ::Print(TuplePolicy<Tuple>::template get<N - 1>(t), os);
   }
 
   // Tersely prints the first N fields of a tuple to a string vector,
   // one element for each field.
   template <typename Tuple>
   static void TersePrintPrefixToStrings(const Tuple& t, Strings* strings) {
     TuplePrefixPrinter<N - 1>::TersePrintPrefixToStrings(t, strings);
     ::std::stringstream ss;
-    UniversalTersePrint(::std::tr1::get<N - 1>(t), &ss);
+    UniversalTersePrint(TuplePolicy<Tuple>::template get<N - 1>(t), &ss);
     strings->push_back(ss.str());
   }
 };
 
-// Base cases.
+// Base case.
 template <>
 struct TuplePrefixPrinter<0> {
   template <typename Tuple>
   static void PrintPrefixTo(const Tuple&, ::std::ostream*) {}
 
   template <typename Tuple>
   static void TersePrintPrefixToStrings(const Tuple&, Strings*) {}
 };
-// We have to specialize the entire TuplePrefixPrinter<> class
-// template here, even though the definition of
-// TersePrintPrefixToStrings() is the same as the generic version, as
-// Embarcadero (formerly CodeGear, formerly Borland) C++ doesn't
-// support specializing a method template of a class template.
-template <>
-struct TuplePrefixPrinter<1> {
-  template <typename Tuple>
-  static void PrintPrefixTo(const Tuple& t, ::std::ostream* os) {
-    UniversalPrinter<typename ::std::tr1::tuple_element<0, Tuple>::type>::
-        Print(::std::tr1::get<0>(t), os);
-  }
 
-  template <typename Tuple>
-  static void TersePrintPrefixToStrings(const Tuple& t, Strings* strings) {
-    ::std::stringstream ss;
-    UniversalTersePrint(::std::tr1::get<0>(t), &ss);
-    strings->push_back(ss.str());
-  }
-};
-
-// Helper function for printing a tuple.  T must be instantiated with
-// a tuple type.
-template <typename T>
-void PrintTupleTo(const T& t, ::std::ostream* os) {
+// Helper function for printing a tuple.
+// Tuple must be either std::tr1::tuple or std::tuple type.
+template <typename Tuple>
+void PrintTupleTo(const Tuple& t, ::std::ostream* os) {
   *os << "(";
-  TuplePrefixPrinter< ::std::tr1::tuple_size<T>::value>::
-      PrintPrefixTo(t, os);
+  TuplePrefixPrinter<TuplePolicy<Tuple>::tuple_size>::PrintPrefixTo(t, os);
   *os << ")";
 }
 
 // Prints the fields of a tuple tersely to a string vector, one
 // element for each field.  See the comment before
 // UniversalTersePrint() for how we define "tersely".
 template <typename Tuple>
 Strings UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStrings(const Tuple& value) {
   Strings result;
-  TuplePrefixPrinter< ::std::tr1::tuple_size<Tuple>::value>::
+  TuplePrefixPrinter<TuplePolicy<Tuple>::tuple_size>::
       TersePrintPrefixToStrings(value, &result);
   return result;
 }
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE || GTEST_HAS_STD_TUPLE_
 
 }  // namespace internal
 
 template <typename T>
 ::std::string PrintToString(const T& value) {
   ::std::stringstream ss;
-  internal::UniversalTersePrint(value, &ss);
+  internal::UniversalTersePrinter<T>::Print(value, &ss);
   return ss.str();
 }
 
 }  // namespace testing
 
+// Include any custom printer added by the local installation.
+// We must include this header at the end to make sure it can use the
+// declarations from this file.
+#include "gtest/internal/custom/gtest-printers.h"
+
 #endif  // GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_PRINTERS_H_
--- a/testing/gtest/gtest/include/gtest/gtest-spi.h
+++ b/testing/gtest/gtest/include/gtest/gtest-spi.h
@@ -218,15 +218,15 @@ class GTEST_API_ SingleFailureChecker {
 #define EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE_ON_ALL_THREADS(statement, substr) \
   do {\
     ::testing::TestPartResultArray gtest_failures;\
     ::testing::internal::SingleFailureChecker gtest_checker(\
         &gtest_failures, ::testing::TestPartResult::kNonFatalFailure, \
         (substr));\
     {\
       ::testing::ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter gtest_reporter(\
-          ::testing::ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter::INTERCEPT_ALL_THREADS,\
+          ::testing::ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter::INTERCEPT_ALL_THREADS, \
           &gtest_failures);\
       if (::testing::internal::AlwaysTrue()) { statement; }\
     }\
   } while (::testing::internal::AlwaysFalse())
 
 #endif  // GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_SPI_H_
--- a/testing/gtest/gtest/include/gtest/gtest-test-part.h
+++ b/testing/gtest/gtest/include/gtest/gtest-test-part.h
@@ -57,28 +57,30 @@ class GTEST_API_ TestPartResult {
   // C'tor.  TestPartResult does NOT have a default constructor.
   // Always use this constructor (with parameters) to create a
   // TestPartResult object.
   TestPartResult(Type a_type,
                  const char* a_file_name,
                  int a_line_number,
                  const char* a_message)
       : type_(a_type),
-        file_name_(a_file_name),
+        file_name_(a_file_name == NULL ? "" : a_file_name),
         line_number_(a_line_number),
         summary_(ExtractSummary(a_message)),
         message_(a_message) {
   }
 
   // Gets the outcome of the test part.
   Type type() const { return type_; }
 
   // Gets the name of the source file where the test part took place, or
   // NULL if it's unknown.
-  const char* file_name() const { return file_name_.c_str(); }
+  const char* file_name() const {
+    return file_name_.empty() ? NULL : file_name_.c_str();
+  }
 
   // Gets the line in the source file where the test part took place,
   // or -1 if it's unknown.
   int line_number() const { return line_number_; }
 
   // Gets the summary of the failure message.
   const char* summary() const { return summary_.c_str(); }
 
@@ -91,31 +93,32 @@ class GTEST_API_ TestPartResult {
   // Returns true iff the test part failed.
   bool failed() const { return type_ != kSuccess; }
 
   // Returns true iff the test part non-fatally failed.
   bool nonfatally_failed() const { return type_ == kNonFatalFailure; }
 
   // Returns true iff the test part fatally failed.
   bool fatally_failed() const { return type_ == kFatalFailure; }
+
  private:
   Type type_;
 
   // Gets the summary of the failure message by omitting the stack
   // trace in it.
-  static internal::String ExtractSummary(const char* message);
+  static std::string ExtractSummary(const char* message);
 
   // The name of the source file where the test part took place, or
-  // NULL if the source file is unknown.
-  internal::String file_name_;
+  // "" if the source file is unknown.
+  std::string file_name_;
   // The line in the source file where the test part took place, or -1
   // if the line number is unknown.
   int line_number_;
-  internal::String summary_;  // The test failure summary.
-  internal::String message_;  // The test failure message.
+  std::string summary_;  // The test failure summary.
+  std::string message_;  // The test failure message.
 };
 
 // Prints a TestPartResult object.
 std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const TestPartResult& result);
 
 // An array of TestPartResult objects.
 //
 // Don't inherit from TestPartResultArray as its destructor is not
--- a/testing/gtest/gtest/include/gtest/gtest-typed-test.h
+++ b/testing/gtest/gtest/include/gtest/gtest-typed-test.h
@@ -176,17 +176,18 @@ INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(My, FooTes
     virtual void TestBody(); \
   }; \
   bool gtest_##CaseName##_##TestName##_registered_ GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_ = \
       ::testing::internal::TypeParameterizedTest< \
           CaseName, \
           ::testing::internal::TemplateSel< \
               GTEST_TEST_CLASS_NAME_(CaseName, TestName)>, \
           GTEST_TYPE_PARAMS_(CaseName)>::Register(\
-              "", #CaseName, #TestName, 0); \
+              "", ::testing::internal::CodeLocation(__FILE__, __LINE__), \
+              #CaseName, #TestName, 0); \
   template <typename gtest_TypeParam_> \
   void GTEST_TEST_CLASS_NAME_(CaseName, TestName)<gtest_TypeParam_>::TestBody()
 
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST
 
 // Implements type-parameterized tests.
 
 #if GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST_P
@@ -235,25 +236,29 @@ INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(My, FooTes
   } \
   template <typename gtest_TypeParam_> \
   void GTEST_CASE_NAMESPACE_(CaseName)::TestName<gtest_TypeParam_>::TestBody()
 
 # define REGISTER_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(CaseName, ...) \
   namespace GTEST_CASE_NAMESPACE_(CaseName) { \
   typedef ::testing::internal::Templates<__VA_ARGS__>::type gtest_AllTests_; \
   } \
-  static const char* const GTEST_REGISTERED_TEST_NAMES_(CaseName) = \
-      GTEST_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P_STATE_(CaseName).VerifyRegisteredTestNames(\
-          __FILE__, __LINE__, #__VA_ARGS__)
+  static const char* const GTEST_REGISTERED_TEST_NAMES_(CaseName) \
+      GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_ = \
+          GTEST_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P_STATE_(CaseName).VerifyRegisteredTestNames(\
+              __FILE__, __LINE__, #__VA_ARGS__)
 
 // The 'Types' template argument below must have spaces around it
 // since some compilers may choke on '>>' when passing a template
 // instance (e.g. Types<int>)
 # define INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(Prefix, CaseName, Types) \
   bool gtest_##Prefix##_##CaseName GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_ = \
       ::testing::internal::TypeParameterizedTestCase<CaseName, \
           GTEST_CASE_NAMESPACE_(CaseName)::gtest_AllTests_, \
           ::testing::internal::TypeList< Types >::type>::Register(\
-              #Prefix, #CaseName, GTEST_REGISTERED_TEST_NAMES_(CaseName))
+              #Prefix, \
+              ::testing::internal::CodeLocation(__FILE__, __LINE__), \
+              &GTEST_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P_STATE_(CaseName), \
+              #CaseName, GTEST_REGISTERED_TEST_NAMES_(CaseName))
 
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST_P
 
 #endif  // GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_TYPED_TEST_H_
--- a/testing/gtest/gtest/include/gtest/gtest.h
+++ b/testing/gtest/gtest/include/gtest/gtest.h
@@ -47,16 +47,17 @@
 // Acknowledgment: Google Test borrowed the idea of automatic test
 // registration from Barthelemy Dagenais' (barthelemy@prologique.com)
 // easyUnit framework.
 
 #ifndef GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_H_
 #define GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_H_
 
 #include <limits>
+#include <ostream>
 #include <vector>
 
 #include "gtest/internal/gtest-internal.h"
 #include "gtest/internal/gtest-string.h"
 #include "gtest/gtest-death-test.h"
 #include "gtest/gtest-message.h"
 #include "gtest/gtest-param-test.h"
 #include "gtest/gtest-printers.h"
@@ -64,24 +65,24 @@
 #include "gtest/gtest-test-part.h"
 #include "gtest/gtest-typed-test.h"
 
 // Depending on the platform, different string classes are available.
 // On Linux, in addition to ::std::string, Google also makes use of
 // class ::string, which has the same interface as ::std::string, but
 // has a different implementation.
 //
-// The user can define GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING to 1 to indicate that
+// You can define GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING to 1 to indicate that
 // ::string is available AND is a distinct type to ::std::string, or
 // define it to 0 to indicate otherwise.
 //
-// If the user's ::std::string and ::string are the same class due to
-// aliasing, he should define GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING to 0.
+// If ::std::string and ::string are the same class on your platform
+// due to aliasing, you should define GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING to 0.
 //
-// If the user doesn't define GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING, it is defined
+// If you do not define GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING, it is defined
 // heuristically.
 
 namespace testing {
 
 // Declares the flags.
 
 // This flag temporary enables the disabled tests.
 GTEST_DECLARE_bool_(also_run_disabled_tests);
@@ -146,36 +147,27 @@ GTEST_DECLARE_string_(stream_result_to);
 const int kMaxStackTraceDepth = 100;
 
 namespace internal {
 
 class AssertHelper;
 class DefaultGlobalTestPartResultReporter;
 class ExecDeathTest;
 class NoExecDeathTest;
+class FinalSuccessChecker;
 class GTestFlagSaver;
+class StreamingListenerTest;
 class TestResultAccessor;
 class TestEventListenersAccessor;
 class TestEventRepeater;
+class UnitTestRecordPropertyTestHelper;
 class WindowsDeathTest;
 class UnitTestImpl* GetUnitTestImpl();
 void ReportFailureInUnknownLocation(TestPartResult::Type result_type,
-                                    const String& message);
-
-// Converts a streamable value to a String.  A NULL pointer is
-// converted to "(null)".  When the input value is a ::string,
-// ::std::string, ::wstring, or ::std::wstring object, each NUL
-// character in it is replaced with "\\0".
-// Declared in gtest-internal.h but defined here, so that it has access
-// to the definition of the Message class, required by the ARM
-// compiler.
-template <typename T>
-String StreamableToString(const T& streamable) {
-  return (Message() << streamable).GetString();
-}
+                                    const std::string& message);
 
 }  // namespace internal
 
 // The friend relationship of some of these classes is cyclic.
 // If we don't forward declare them the compiler might confuse the classes
 // in friendship clauses with same named classes on the scope.
 class Test;
 class TestCase;
@@ -261,18 +253,41 @@ class UnitTest;
 //   Expected: Foo() is even
 //     Actual: it's 5
 //
 class GTEST_API_ AssertionResult {
  public:
   // Copy constructor.
   // Used in EXPECT_TRUE/FALSE(assertion_result).
   AssertionResult(const AssertionResult& other);
+
+  GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(4800 /* forcing value to bool */)
+
   // Used in the EXPECT_TRUE/FALSE(bool_expression).
-  explicit AssertionResult(bool success) : success_(success) {}
+  //
+  // T must be contextually convertible to bool.
+  //
+  // The second parameter prevents this overload from being considered if
+  // the argument is implicitly convertible to AssertionResult. In that case
+  // we want AssertionResult's copy constructor to be used.
+  template <typename T>
+  explicit AssertionResult(
+      const T& success,
+      typename internal::EnableIf<
+          !internal::ImplicitlyConvertible<T, AssertionResult>::value>::type*
+          /*enabler*/ = NULL)
+      : success_(success) {}
+
+  GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_()
+
+  // Assignment operator.
+  AssertionResult& operator=(AssertionResult other) {
+    swap(other);
+    return *this;
+  }
 
   // Returns true iff the assertion succeeded.
   operator bool() const { return success_; }  // NOLINT
 
   // Returns the assertion's negation. Used with EXPECT/ASSERT_FALSE.
   AssertionResult operator!() const;
 
   // Returns the text streamed into this AssertionResult. Test assertions
@@ -303,25 +318,26 @@ class GTEST_API_ AssertionResult {
  private:
   // Appends the contents of message to message_.
   void AppendMessage(const Message& a_message) {
     if (message_.get() == NULL)
       message_.reset(new ::std::string);
     message_->append(a_message.GetString().c_str());
   }
 
+  // Swap the contents of this AssertionResult with other.
+  void swap(AssertionResult& other);
+
   // Stores result of the assertion predicate.
   bool success_;
   // Stores the message describing the condition in case the expectation
   // construct is not satisfied with the predicate's outcome.
   // Referenced via a pointer to avoid taking too much stack frame space
   // with test assertions.
   internal::scoped_ptr< ::std::string> message_;
-
-  GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(AssertionResult);
 };
 
 // Makes a successful assertion result.
 GTEST_API_ AssertionResult AssertionSuccess();
 
 // Makes a failed assertion result.
 GTEST_API_ AssertionResult AssertionFailure();
 
@@ -338,18 +354,18 @@ GTEST_API_ AssertionResult AssertionFail
 // explicitly derive from Test - the TEST macro automatically does
 // this for you.
 //
 // The only time you derive from Test is when defining a test fixture
 // to be used a TEST_F.  For example:
 //
 //   class FooTest : public testing::Test {
 //    protected:
-//     virtual void SetUp() { ... }
-//     virtual void TearDown() { ... }
+//     void SetUp() override { ... }
+//     void TearDown() override { ... }
 //     ...
 //   };
 //
 //   TEST_F(FooTest, Bar) { ... }
 //   TEST_F(FooTest, Baz) { ... }
 //
 // Test is not copyable.
 class GTEST_API_ Test {
@@ -385,30 +401,31 @@ class GTEST_API_ Test {
 
   // Returns true iff the current test has a non-fatal failure.
   static bool HasNonfatalFailure();
 
   // Returns true iff the current test has a (either fatal or
   // non-fatal) failure.
   static bool HasFailure() { return HasFatalFailure() || HasNonfatalFailure(); }
 
-  // Logs a property for the current test.  Only the last value for a given
-  // key is remembered.
-  // These are public static so they can be called from utility functions
-  // that are not members of the test fixture.
-  // The arguments are const char* instead strings, as Google Test is used
-  // on platforms where string doesn't compile.
-  //
-  // Note that a driving consideration for these RecordProperty methods
-  // was to produce xml output suited to the Greenspan charting utility,
-  // which at present will only chart values that fit in a 32-bit int. It
-  // is the user's responsibility to restrict their values to 32-bit ints
-  // if they intend them to be used with Greenspan.
-  static void RecordProperty(const char* key, const char* value);
-  static void RecordProperty(const char* key, int value);
+  // Logs a property for the current test, test case, or for the entire
+  // invocation of the test program when used outside of the context of a
+  // test case.  Only the last value for a given key is remembered.  These
+  // are public static so they can be called from utility functions that are
+  // not members of the test fixture.  Calls to RecordProperty made during
+  // lifespan of the test (from the moment its constructor starts to the
+  // moment its destructor finishes) will be output in XML as attributes of
+  // the <testcase> element.  Properties recorded from fixture's
+  // SetUpTestCase or TearDownTestCase are logged as attributes of the
+  // corresponding <testsuite> element.  Calls to RecordProperty made in the
+  // global context (before or after invocation of RUN_ALL_TESTS and from
+  // SetUp/TearDown method of Environment objects registered with Google
+  // Test) will be output as attributes of the <testsuites> element.
+  static void RecordProperty(const std::string& key, const std::string& value);
+  static void RecordProperty(const std::string& key, int value);
 
  protected:
   // Creates a Test object.
   Test();
 
   // Sets up the test fixture.
   virtual void SetUp();
 
@@ -430,30 +447,29 @@ class GTEST_API_ Test {
 
   // Sets up, executes, and tears down the test.
   void Run();
 
   // Deletes self.  We deliberately pick an unusual name for this
   // internal method to avoid clashing with names used in user TESTs.
   void DeleteSelf_() { delete this; }
 
-  // Uses a GTestFlagSaver to save and restore all Google Test flags.
-  const internal::GTestFlagSaver* const gtest_flag_saver_;
+  const internal::scoped_ptr< GTEST_FLAG_SAVER_ > gtest_flag_saver_;
 
-  // Often a user mis-spells SetUp() as Setup() and spends a long time
+  // Often a user misspells SetUp() as Setup() and spends a long time
   // wondering why it is never called by Google Test.  The declaration of
   // the following method is solely for catching such an error at
   // compile time:
   //
   //   - The return type is deliberately chosen to be not void, so it
-  //   will be a conflict if a user declares void Setup() in his test
-  //   fixture.
+  //   will be a conflict if void Setup() is declared in the user's
+  //   test fixture.
   //
   //   - This method is private, so it will be another compiler error
-  //   if a user calls it from his test fixture.
+  //   if the method is called from the user's test fixture.
   //
   // DO NOT OVERRIDE THIS FUNCTION.
   //
   // If you see an error about overriding the following function or
   // about it being private, you have mis-spelled SetUp() as Setup().
   struct Setup_should_be_spelled_SetUp {};
   virtual Setup_should_be_spelled_SetUp* Setup() { return NULL; }
 
@@ -467,40 +483,40 @@ typedef internal::TimeInMillis TimeInMil
 // output as a key/value string pair.
 //
 // Don't inherit from TestProperty as its destructor is not virtual.
 class TestProperty {
  public:
   // C'tor.  TestProperty does NOT have a default constructor.
   // Always use this constructor (with parameters) to create a
   // TestProperty object.
-  TestProperty(const char* a_key, const char* a_value) :
+  TestProperty(const std::string& a_key, const std::string& a_value) :
     key_(a_key), value_(a_value) {
   }
 
   // Gets the user supplied key.
   const char* key() const {
     return key_.c_str();
   }
 
   // Gets the user supplied value.
   const char* value() const {
     return value_.c_str();
   }
 
   // Sets a new value, overriding the one supplied in the constructor.
-  void SetValue(const char* new_value) {
+  void SetValue(const std::string& new_value) {
     value_ = new_value;
   }
 
  private:
   // The key supplied by the user.
-  internal::String key_;
+  std::string key_;
   // The value supplied by the user.
-  internal::String value_;
+  std::string value_;
 };
 
 // The result of a single Test.  This includes a list of
 // TestPartResults, a list of TestProperties, a count of how many
 // death tests there are in the Test, and how much time it took to run
 // the Test.
 //
 // TestResult is not copyable.
@@ -541,16 +557,17 @@ class GTEST_API_ TestResult {
 
   // Returns the i-th test property. i can range from 0 to
   // test_property_count() - 1. If i is not in that range, aborts the
   // program.
   const TestProperty& GetTestProperty(int i) const;
 
  private:
   friend class TestInfo;
+  friend class TestCase;
   friend class UnitTest;
   friend class internal::DefaultGlobalTestPartResultReporter;
   friend class internal::ExecDeathTest;
   friend class internal::TestResultAccessor;
   friend class internal::UnitTestImpl;
   friend class internal::WindowsDeathTest;
 
   // Gets the vector of TestPartResults.
@@ -565,23 +582,26 @@ class GTEST_API_ TestResult {
 
   // Sets the elapsed time.
   void set_elapsed_time(TimeInMillis elapsed) { elapsed_time_ = elapsed; }
 
   // Adds a test property to the list. The property is validated and may add
   // a non-fatal failure if invalid (e.g., if it conflicts with reserved
   // key names). If a property is already recorded for the same key, the
   // value will be updated, rather than storing multiple values for the same
-  // key.
-  void RecordProperty(const TestProperty& test_property);
+  // key.  xml_element specifies the element for which the property is being
+  // recorded and is used for validation.
+  void RecordProperty(const std::string& xml_element,
+                      const TestProperty& test_property);
 
   // Adds a failure if the key is a reserved attribute of Google Test
   // testcase tags.  Returns true if the property is valid.
   // TODO(russr): Validate attribute names are legal and human readable.
-  static bool ValidateTestProperty(const TestProperty& test_property);
+  static bool ValidateTestProperty(const std::string& xml_element,
+                                   const TestProperty& test_property);
 
   // Adds a test part result to the list.
   void AddTestPartResult(const TestPartResult& test_part_result);
 
   // Returns the death test count.
   int death_test_count() const { return death_test_count_; }
 
   // Increments the death test count, returning the new count.
@@ -644,59 +664,77 @@ class GTEST_API_ TestInfo {
   // Returns the text representation of the value parameter, or NULL if this
   // is not a value-parameterized test.
   const char* value_param() const {
     if (value_param_.get() != NULL)
       return value_param_->c_str();
     return NULL;
   }
 
-  // Returns true if this test should run, that is if the test is not disabled
-  // (or it is disabled but the also_run_disabled_tests flag has been specified)
-  // and its full name matches the user-specified filter.
+  // Returns the file name where this test is defined.
+  const char* file() const { return location_.file.c_str(); }
+
+  // Returns the line where this test is defined.
+  int line() const { return location_.line; }
+
+  // Returns true if this test should run, that is if the test is not
+  // disabled (or it is disabled but the also_run_disabled_tests flag has
+  // been specified) and its full name matches the user-specified filter.
   //
   // Google Test allows the user to filter the tests by their full names.
   // The full name of a test Bar in test case Foo is defined as
   // "Foo.Bar".  Only the tests that match the filter will run.
   //
   // A filter is a colon-separated list of glob (not regex) patterns,
   // optionally followed by a '-' and a colon-separated list of
   // negative patterns (tests to exclude).  A test is run if it
   // matches one of the positive patterns and does not match any of
   // the negative patterns.
   //
   // For example, *A*:Foo.* is a filter that matches any string that
   // contains the character 'A' or starts with "Foo.".
   bool should_run() const { return should_run_; }
 
+  // Returns true iff this test will appear in the XML report.
+  bool is_reportable() const {
+    // For now, the XML report includes all tests matching the filter.
+    // In the future, we may trim tests that are excluded because of
+    // sharding.
+    return matches_filter_;
+  }
+
   // Returns the result of the test.
   const TestResult* result() const { return &result_; }
 
  private:
-
 #if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
   friend class internal::DefaultDeathTestFactory;
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
   friend class Test;
   friend class TestCase;
   friend class internal::UnitTestImpl;
+  friend class internal::StreamingListenerTest;
   friend TestInfo* internal::MakeAndRegisterTestInfo(
-      const char* test_case_name, const char* name,
+      const char* test_case_name,
+      const char* name,
       const char* type_param,
       const char* value_param,
+      internal::CodeLocation code_location,
       internal::TypeId fixture_class_id,
       Test::SetUpTestCaseFunc set_up_tc,
       Test::TearDownTestCaseFunc tear_down_tc,
       internal::TestFactoryBase* factory);
 
   // Constructs a TestInfo object. The newly constructed instance assumes
   // ownership of the factory object.
-  TestInfo(const char* test_case_name, const char* name,
-           const char* a_type_param,
-           const char* a_value_param,
+  TestInfo(const std::string& test_case_name,
+           const std::string& name,
+           const char* a_type_param,   // NULL if not a type-parameterized test
+           const char* a_value_param,  // NULL if not a value-parameterized test
+           internal::CodeLocation a_code_location,
            internal::TypeId fixture_class_id,
            internal::TestFactoryBase* factory);
 
   // Increments the number of death tests encountered in this test so
   // far.
   int increment_death_test_count() {
     return result_.increment_death_test_count();
   }
@@ -713,16 +751,17 @@ class GTEST_API_ TestInfo {
   const std::string test_case_name_;     // Test case name
   const std::string name_;               // Test name
   // Name of the parameter type, or NULL if this is not a typed or a
   // type-parameterized test.
   const internal::scoped_ptr<const ::std::string> type_param_;
   // Text representation of the value parameter, or NULL if this is not a
   // value-parameterized test.
   const internal::scoped_ptr<const ::std::string> value_param_;
+  internal::CodeLocation location_;
   const internal::TypeId fixture_class_id_;   // ID of the test fixture class
   bool should_run_;                 // True iff this test should run
   bool is_disabled_;                // True iff this test is disabled
   bool matches_filter_;             // True if this test matches the
                                     // user-specified filter.
   internal::TestFactoryBase* const factory_;  // The factory that creates
                                               // the test object
 
@@ -772,19 +811,25 @@ class GTEST_API_ TestCase {
   bool should_run() const { return should_run_; }
 
   // Gets the number of successful tests in this test case.
   int successful_test_count() const;
 
   // Gets the number of failed tests in this test case.
   int failed_test_count() const;
 
+  // Gets the number of disabled tests that will be reported in the XML report.
+  int reportable_disabled_test_count() const;
+
   // Gets the number of disabled tests in this test case.
   int disabled_test_count() const;
 
+  // Gets the number of tests to be printed in the XML report.
+  int reportable_test_count() const;
+
   // Get the number of tests in this test case that should run.
   int test_to_run_count() const;
 
   // Gets the number of all tests in this test case.
   int total_test_count() const;
 
   // Returns true iff the test case passed.
   bool Passed() const { return !Failed(); }
@@ -794,16 +839,20 @@ class GTEST_API_ TestCase {
 
   // Returns the elapsed time, in milliseconds.
   TimeInMillis elapsed_time() const { return elapsed_time_; }
 
   // Returns the i-th test among all the tests. i can range from 0 to
   // total_test_count() - 1. If i is not in that range, returns NULL.
   const TestInfo* GetTestInfo(int i) const;
 
+  // Returns the TestResult that holds test properties recorded during
+  // execution of SetUpTestCase and TearDownTestCase.
+  const TestResult& ad_hoc_test_result() const { return ad_hoc_test_result_; }
+
  private:
   friend class Test;
   friend class internal::UnitTestImpl;
 
   // Gets the (mutable) vector of TestInfos in this TestCase.
   std::vector<TestInfo*>& test_info_list() { return test_info_list_; }
 
   // Gets the (immutable) vector of TestInfos in this TestCase.
@@ -846,34 +895,45 @@ class GTEST_API_ TestCase {
     return test_info->should_run() && test_info->result()->Passed();
   }
 
   // Returns true iff test failed.
   static bool TestFailed(const TestInfo* test_info) {
     return test_info->should_run() && test_info->result()->Failed();
   }
 
+  // Returns true iff the test is disabled and will be reported in the XML
+  // report.
+  static bool TestReportableDisabled(const TestInfo* test_info) {
+    return test_info->is_reportable() && test_info->is_disabled_;
+  }
+
   // Returns true iff test is disabled.
   static bool TestDisabled(const TestInfo* test_info) {
     return test_info->is_disabled_;
   }
 
+  // Returns true iff this test will appear in the XML report.
+  static bool TestReportable(const TestInfo* test_info) {
+    return test_info->is_reportable();
+  }
+
   // Returns true if the given test should run.
   static bool ShouldRunTest(const TestInfo* test_info) {
     return test_info->should_run();
   }
 
   // Shuffles the tests in this test case.
   void ShuffleTests(internal::Random* random);
 
   // Restores the test order to before the first shuffle.
   void UnshuffleTests();
 
   // Name of the test case.
-  internal::String name_;
+  std::string name_;
   // Name of the parameter type, or NULL if this is not a typed or a
   // type-parameterized test.
   const internal::scoped_ptr<const ::std::string> type_param_;
   // The vector of TestInfos in their original order.  It owns the
   // elements in the vector.
   std::vector<TestInfo*> test_info_list_;
   // Provides a level of indirection for the test list to allow easy
   // shuffling and restoring the test order.  The i-th element in this
@@ -882,23 +942,26 @@ class GTEST_API_ TestCase {
   // Pointer to the function that sets up the test case.
   Test::SetUpTestCaseFunc set_up_tc_;
   // Pointer to the function that tears down the test case.
   Test::TearDownTestCaseFunc tear_down_tc_;
   // True iff any test in this test case should run.
   bool should_run_;
   // Elapsed time, in milliseconds.
   TimeInMillis elapsed_time_;
+  // Holds test properties recorded during execution of SetUpTestCase and
+  // TearDownTestCase.
+  TestResult ad_hoc_test_result_;
 
   // We disallow copying TestCases.
   GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(TestCase);
 };
 
 // An Environment object is capable of setting up and tearing down an
-// environment.  The user should subclass this to define his own
+// environment.  You should subclass this to define your own
 // environment(s).
 //
 // An Environment object does the set-up and tear-down in virtual
 // methods SetUp() and TearDown() instead of the constructor and the
 // destructor, as:
 //
 //   1. You cannot safely throw from a destructor.  This is a problem
 //      as in some cases Google Test is used where exceptions are enabled, and
@@ -1101,31 +1164,34 @@ class GTEST_API_ UnitTest {
   int Run() GTEST_MUST_USE_RESULT_;
 
   // Returns the working directory when the first TEST() or TEST_F()
   // was executed.  The UnitTest object owns the string.
   const char* original_working_dir() const;
 
   // Returns the TestCase object for the test that's currently running,
   // or NULL if no test is running.
-  const TestCase* current_test_case() const;
+  const TestCase* current_test_case() const
+      GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(mutex_);
 
   // Returns the TestInfo object for the test that's currently running,
   // or NULL if no test is running.
-  const TestInfo* current_test_info() const;
+  const TestInfo* current_test_info() const
+      GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(mutex_);
 
   // Returns the random seed used at the start of the current test run.
   int random_seed() const;
 
 #if GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
   // Returns the ParameterizedTestCaseRegistry object used to keep track of
   // value-parameterized tests and instantiate and register them.
   //
   // INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN A USER PROGRAM.
-  internal::ParameterizedTestCaseRegistry& parameterized_test_registry();
+  internal::ParameterizedTestCaseRegistry& parameterized_test_registry()
+      GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(mutex_);
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
 
   // Gets the number of successful test cases.
   int successful_test_case_count() const;
 
   // Gets the number of failed test cases.
   int failed_test_case_count() const;
 
@@ -1137,39 +1203,53 @@ class GTEST_API_ UnitTest {
   int test_case_to_run_count() const;
 
   // Gets the number of successful tests.
   int successful_test_count() const;
 
   // Gets the number of failed tests.
   int failed_test_count() const;
 
+  // Gets the number of disabled tests that will be reported in the XML report.
+  int reportable_disabled_test_count() const;
+
   // Gets the number of disabled tests.
   int disabled_test_count() const;
 
+  // Gets the number of tests to be printed in the XML report.
+  int reportable_test_count() const;
+
   // Gets the number of all tests.
   int total_test_count() const;
 
   // Gets the number of tests that should run.
   int test_to_run_count() const;
 
+  // Gets the time of the test program start, in ms from the start of the
+  // UNIX epoch.
+  TimeInMillis start_timestamp() const;
+
   // Gets the elapsed time, in milliseconds.
   TimeInMillis elapsed_time() const;
 
   // Returns true iff the unit test passed (i.e. all test cases passed).
   bool Passed() const;
 
   // Returns true iff the unit test failed (i.e. some test case failed
   // or something outside of all tests failed).
   bool Failed() const;
 
   // Gets the i-th test case among all the test cases. i can range from 0 to
   // total_test_case_count() - 1. If i is not in that range, returns NULL.
   const TestCase* GetTestCase(int i) const;
 
+  // Returns the TestResult containing information on test failures and
+  // properties logged outside of individual test cases.
+  const TestResult& ad_hoc_test_result() const;
+
   // Returns the list of event listeners that can be used to track events
   // inside Google Test.
   TestEventListeners& listeners();
 
  private:
   // Registers and returns a global test environment.  When a test
   // program is run, all global test environments will be set-up in
   // the order they were registered.  After all tests in the program
@@ -1183,54 +1263,62 @@ class GTEST_API_ UnitTest {
 
   // Adds a TestPartResult to the current TestResult object.  All
   // Google Test assertion macros (e.g. ASSERT_TRUE, EXPECT_EQ, etc)
   // eventually call this to report their results.  The user code
   // should use the assertion macros instead of calling this directly.
   void AddTestPartResult(TestPartResult::Type result_type,
                          const char* file_name,
                          int line_number,
-                         const internal::String& message,
-                         const internal::String& os_stack_trace);
+                         const std::string& message,
+                         const std::string& os_stack_trace)
+      GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(mutex_);
 
-  // Adds a TestProperty to the current TestResult object. If the result already
-  // contains a property with the same key, the value will be updated.
-  void RecordPropertyForCurrentTest(const char* key, const char* value);
+  // Adds a TestProperty to the current TestResult object when invoked from
+  // inside a test, to current TestCase's ad_hoc_test_result_ when invoked
+  // from SetUpTestCase or TearDownTestCase, or to the global property set
+  // when invoked elsewhere.  If the result already contains a property with
+  // the same key, the value will be updated.
+  void RecordProperty(const std::string& key, const std::string& value);
 
   // Gets the i-th test case among all the test cases. i can range from 0 to
   // total_test_case_count() - 1. If i is not in that range, returns NULL.
   TestCase* GetMutableTestCase(int i);
 
   // Accessors for the implementation object.
   internal::UnitTestImpl* impl() { return impl_; }
   const internal::UnitTestImpl* impl() const { return impl_; }
 
   // These classes and funcions are friends as they need to access private
   // members of UnitTest.
   friend class Test;
   friend class internal::AssertHelper;
   friend class internal::ScopedTrace;
+  friend class internal::StreamingListenerTest;
+  friend class internal::UnitTestRecordPropertyTestHelper;
   friend Environment* AddGlobalTestEnvironment(Environment* env);
   friend internal::UnitTestImpl* internal::GetUnitTestImpl();
   friend void internal::ReportFailureInUnknownLocation(
       TestPartResult::Type result_type,
-      const internal::String& message);
+      const std::string& message);
 
   // Creates an empty UnitTest.
   UnitTest();
 
   // D'tor
   virtual ~UnitTest();
 
   // Pushes a trace defined by SCOPED_TRACE() on to the per-thread
   // Google Test trace stack.
-  void PushGTestTrace(const internal::TraceInfo& trace);
+  void PushGTestTrace(const internal::TraceInfo& trace)
+      GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(mutex_);
 
   // Pops a trace from the per-thread Google Test trace stack.
-  void PopGTestTrace();
+  void PopGTestTrace()
+      GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(mutex_);
 
   // Protects mutable state in *impl_.  This is mutable as some const
   // methods need to lock it too.
   mutable internal::Mutex mutex_;
 
   // Opaque implementation object.  This field is never changed once
   // the object is constructed.  We don't mark it as const here, as
   // doing so will cause a warning in the constructor of UnitTest.
@@ -1275,204 +1363,194 @@ inline Environment* AddGlobalTestEnviron
 GTEST_API_ void InitGoogleTest(int* argc, char** argv);
 
 // This overloaded version can be used in Windows programs compiled in
 // UNICODE mode.
 GTEST_API_ void InitGoogleTest(int* argc, wchar_t** argv);
 
 namespace internal {
 
-// Formats a comparison assertion (e.g. ASSERT_EQ, EXPECT_LT, and etc)
-// operand to be used in a failure message.  The type (but not value)
-// of the other operand may affect the format.  This allows us to
-// print a char* as a raw pointer when it is compared against another
-// char*, and print it as a C string when it is compared against an
-// std::string object, for example.
-//
-// The default implementation ignores the type of the other operand.
-// Some specialized versions are used to handle formatting wide or
-// narrow C strings.
-//
-// INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN A USER PROGRAM.
+// Separate the error generating code from the code path to reduce the stack
+// frame size of CmpHelperEQ. This helps reduce the overhead of some sanitizers
+// when calling EXPECT_* in a tight loop.
 template <typename T1, typename T2>
-String FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(const T1& value,
-                                         const T2& /* other_operand */) {
-  // C++Builder compiles this incorrectly if the namespace isn't explicitly
-  // given.
-  return ::testing::PrintToString(value);
+AssertionResult CmpHelperEQFailure(const char* lhs_expression,
+                                   const char* rhs_expression,
+                                   const T1& lhs, const T2& rhs) {
+  return EqFailure(lhs_expression,
+                   rhs_expression,
+                   FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(lhs, rhs),
+                   FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(rhs, lhs),
+                   false);
 }
 
 // The helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_EQ.
 template <typename T1, typename T2>
-AssertionResult CmpHelperEQ(const char* expected_expression,
-                            const char* actual_expression,
-                            const T1& expected,
-                            const T2& actual) {
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-# pragma warning(push)          // Saves the current warning state.
-# pragma warning(disable:4389)  // Temporarily disables warning on
-                               // signed/unsigned mismatch.
-#endif
-
-  if (expected == actual) {
+AssertionResult CmpHelperEQ(const char* lhs_expression,
+                            const char* rhs_expression,
+                            const T1& lhs,
+                            const T2& rhs) {
+GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(4389 /* signed/unsigned mismatch */)
+  if (lhs == rhs) {
     return AssertionSuccess();
   }
-
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-# pragma warning(pop)          // Restores the warning state.
-#endif
+GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_()
 
-  return EqFailure(expected_expression,
-                   actual_expression,
-                   FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(expected, actual),
-                   FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(actual, expected),
-                   false);
+  return CmpHelperEQFailure(lhs_expression, rhs_expression, lhs, rhs);
 }
 
 // With this overloaded version, we allow anonymous enums to be used
 // in {ASSERT|EXPECT}_EQ when compiled with gcc 4, as anonymous enums
 // can be implicitly cast to BiggestInt.
-GTEST_API_ AssertionResult CmpHelperEQ(const char* expected_expression,
-                                       const char* actual_expression,
-                                       BiggestInt expected,
-                                       BiggestInt actual);
+GTEST_API_ AssertionResult CmpHelperEQ(const char* lhs_expression,
+                                       const char* rhs_expression,
+                                       BiggestInt lhs,
+                                       BiggestInt rhs);
 
 // The helper class for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_EQ.  The template argument
 // lhs_is_null_literal is true iff the first argument to ASSERT_EQ()
 // is a null pointer literal.  The following default implementation is
 // for lhs_is_null_literal being false.
 template <bool lhs_is_null_literal>
 class EqHelper {
  public:
   // This templatized version is for the general case.
   template <typename T1, typename T2>
-  static AssertionResult Compare(const char* expected_expression,
-                                 const char* actual_expression,
-                                 const T1& expected,
-                                 const T2& actual) {
-    return CmpHelperEQ(expected_expression, actual_expression, expected,
-                       actual);
+  static AssertionResult Compare(const char* lhs_expression,
+                                 const char* rhs_expression,
+                                 const T1& lhs,
+                                 const T2& rhs) {
+    return CmpHelperEQ(lhs_expression, rhs_expression, lhs, rhs);
   }
 
   // With this overloaded version, we allow anonymous enums to be used
   // in {ASSERT|EXPECT}_EQ when compiled with gcc 4, as anonymous
   // enums can be implicitly cast to BiggestInt.
   //
   // Even though its body looks the same as the above version, we
   // cannot merge the two, as it will make anonymous enums unhappy.
-  static AssertionResult Compare(const char* expected_expression,
-                                 const char* actual_expression,
-                                 BiggestInt expected,
-                                 BiggestInt actual) {
-    return CmpHelperEQ(expected_expression, actual_expression, expected,
-                       actual);
+  static AssertionResult Compare(const char* lhs_expression,
+                                 const char* rhs_expression,
+                                 BiggestInt lhs,
+                                 BiggestInt rhs) {
+    return CmpHelperEQ(lhs_expression, rhs_expression, lhs, rhs);
   }
 };
 
 // This specialization is used when the first argument to ASSERT_EQ()
 // is a null pointer literal, like NULL, false, or 0.
 template <>
 class EqHelper<true> {
  public:
   // We define two overloaded versions of Compare().  The first
   // version will be picked when the second argument to ASSERT_EQ() is
   // NOT a pointer, e.g. ASSERT_EQ(0, AnIntFunction()) or
   // EXPECT_EQ(false, a_bool).
   template <typename T1, typename T2>
   static AssertionResult Compare(
-      const char* expected_expression,
-      const char* actual_expression,
-      const T1& expected,
-      const T2& actual,
+      const char* lhs_expression,
+      const char* rhs_expression,
+      const T1& lhs,
+      const T2& rhs,
       // The following line prevents this overload from being considered if T2
       // is not a pointer type.  We need this because ASSERT_EQ(NULL, my_ptr)
       // expands to Compare("", "", NULL, my_ptr), which requires a conversion
       // to match the Secret* in the other overload, which would otherwise make
       // this template match better.
       typename EnableIf<!is_pointer<T2>::value>::type* = 0) {
-    return CmpHelperEQ(expected_expression, actual_expression, expected,
-                       actual);
+    return CmpHelperEQ(lhs_expression, rhs_expression, lhs, rhs);
   }
 
   // This version will be picked when the second argument to ASSERT_EQ() is a
   // pointer, e.g. ASSERT_EQ(NULL, a_pointer).
   template <typename T>
   static AssertionResult Compare(
-      const char* expected_expression,
-      const char* actual_expression,
+      const char* lhs_expression,
+      const char* rhs_expression,
       // We used to have a second template parameter instead of Secret*.  That
       // template parameter would deduce to 'long', making this a better match
       // than the first overload even without the first overload's EnableIf.
       // Unfortunately, gcc with -Wconversion-null warns when "passing NULL to
       // non-pointer argument" (even a deduced integral argument), so the old
       // implementation caused warnings in user code.
-      Secret* /* expected (NULL) */,
-      T* actual) {
-    // We already know that 'expected' is a null pointer.
-    return CmpHelperEQ(expected_expression, actual_expression,
-                       static_cast<T*>(NULL), actual);
+      Secret* /* lhs (NULL) */,
+      T* rhs) {
+    // We already know that 'lhs' is a null pointer.
+    return CmpHelperEQ(lhs_expression, rhs_expression,
+                       static_cast<T*>(NULL), rhs);
   }
 };
 
+// Separate the error generating code from the code path to reduce the stack
+// frame size of CmpHelperOP. This helps reduce the overhead of some sanitizers
+// when calling EXPECT_OP in a tight loop.
+template <typename T1, typename T2>
+AssertionResult CmpHelperOpFailure(const char* expr1, const char* expr2,
+                                   const T1& val1, const T2& val2,
+                                   const char* op) {
+  return AssertionFailure()
+         << "Expected: (" << expr1 << ") " << op << " (" << expr2
+         << "), actual: " << FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(val1, val2)
+         << " vs " << FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(val2, val1);
+}
+
 // A macro for implementing the helper functions needed to implement
 // ASSERT_?? and EXPECT_??.  It is here just to avoid copy-and-paste
 // of similar code.
 //
 // For each templatized helper function, we also define an overloaded
 // version for BiggestInt in order to reduce code bloat and allow
 // anonymous enums to be used with {ASSERT|EXPECT}_?? when compiled
 // with gcc 4.
 //
 // INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN A USER PROGRAM.
+
 #define GTEST_IMPL_CMP_HELPER_(op_name, op)\
 template <typename T1, typename T2>\
 AssertionResult CmpHelper##op_name(const char* expr1, const char* expr2, \
                                    const T1& val1, const T2& val2) {\
   if (val1 op val2) {\
     return AssertionSuccess();\
   } else {\
-    return AssertionFailure() \
-        << "Expected: (" << expr1 << ") " #op " (" << expr2\
-        << "), actual: " << FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(val1, val2)\
-        << " vs " << FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(val2, val1);\
+    return CmpHelperOpFailure(expr1, expr2, val1, val2, #op);\
   }\
 }\
 GTEST_API_ AssertionResult CmpHelper##op_name(\
     const char* expr1, const char* expr2, BiggestInt val1, BiggestInt val2)
 
 // INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN A USER PROGRAM.
 
 // Implements the helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_NE
 GTEST_IMPL_CMP_HELPER_(NE, !=);
 // Implements the helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_LE
 GTEST_IMPL_CMP_HELPER_(LE, <=);
 // Implements the helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_LT
-GTEST_IMPL_CMP_HELPER_(LT, < );
+GTEST_IMPL_CMP_HELPER_(LT, <);
 // Implements the helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_GE
 GTEST_IMPL_CMP_HELPER_(GE, >=);
 // Implements the helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_GT
-GTEST_IMPL_CMP_HELPER_(GT, > );
+GTEST_IMPL_CMP_HELPER_(GT, >);
 
 #undef GTEST_IMPL_CMP_HELPER_
 
 // The helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_STREQ.
 //
 // INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN A USER PROGRAM.
-GTEST_API_ AssertionResult CmpHelperSTREQ(const char* expected_expression,
-                                          const char* actual_expression,
-                                          const char* expected,
-                                          const char* actual);
+GTEST_API_ AssertionResult CmpHelperSTREQ(const char* s1_expression,
+                                          const char* s2_expression,
+                                          const char* s1,
+                                          const char* s2);
 
 // The helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_STRCASEEQ.
 //
 // INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN A USER PROGRAM.
-GTEST_API_ AssertionResult CmpHelperSTRCASEEQ(const char* expected_expression,
-                                              const char* actual_expression,
-                                              const char* expected,
-                                              const char* actual);
+GTEST_API_ AssertionResult CmpHelperSTRCASEEQ(const char* s1_expression,
+                                              const char* s2_expression,
+                                              const char* s1,
+                                              const char* s2);
 
 // The helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_STRNE.
 //
 // INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN A USER PROGRAM.
 GTEST_API_ AssertionResult CmpHelperSTRNE(const char* s1_expression,
                                           const char* s2_expression,
                                           const char* s1,
                                           const char* s2);
@@ -1484,20 +1562,20 @@ GTEST_API_ AssertionResult CmpHelperSTRC
                                               const char* s2_expression,
                                               const char* s1,
                                               const char* s2);
 
 
 // Helper function for *_STREQ on wide strings.
 //
 // INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN A USER PROGRAM.
-GTEST_API_ AssertionResult CmpHelperSTREQ(const char* expected_expression,
-                                          const char* actual_expression,
-                                          const wchar_t* expected,
-                                          const wchar_t* actual);
+GTEST_API_ AssertionResult CmpHelperSTREQ(const char* s1_expression,
+                                          const char* s2_expression,
+                                          const wchar_t* s1,
+                                          const wchar_t* s2);
 
 // Helper function for *_STRNE on wide strings.
 //
 // INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN A USER PROGRAM.
 GTEST_API_ AssertionResult CmpHelperSTRNE(const char* s1_expression,
                                           const char* s2_expression,
                                           const wchar_t* s1,
                                           const wchar_t* s2);
@@ -1545,38 +1623,38 @@ namespace internal {
 // Helper template function for comparing floating-points.
 //
 // Template parameter:
 //
 //   RawType: the raw floating-point type (either float or double)
 //
 // INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN A USER PROGRAM.
 template <typename RawType>
-AssertionResult CmpHelperFloatingPointEQ(const char* expected_expression,
-                                         const char* actual_expression,
-                                         RawType expected,
-                                         RawType actual) {
-  const FloatingPoint<RawType> lhs(expected), rhs(actual);
+AssertionResult CmpHelperFloatingPointEQ(const char* lhs_expression,
+                                         const char* rhs_expression,
+                                         RawType lhs_value,
+                                         RawType rhs_value) {
+  const FloatingPoint<RawType> lhs(lhs_value), rhs(rhs_value);
 
   if (lhs.AlmostEquals(rhs)) {
     return AssertionSuccess();
   }
 
-  ::std::stringstream expected_ss;
-  expected_ss << std::setprecision(std::numeric_limits<RawType>::digits10 + 2)
-              << expected;
+  ::std::stringstream lhs_ss;
+  lhs_ss << std::setprecision(std::numeric_limits<RawType>::digits10 + 2)
+         << lhs_value;
 
-  ::std::stringstream actual_ss;
-  actual_ss << std::setprecision(std::numeric_limits<RawType>::digits10 + 2)
-            << actual;
+  ::std::stringstream rhs_ss;
+  rhs_ss << std::setprecision(std::numeric_limits<RawType>::digits10 + 2)
+         << rhs_value;
 
-  return EqFailure(expected_expression,
-                   actual_expression,
-                   StringStreamToString(&expected_ss),
-                   StringStreamToString(&actual_ss),
+  return EqFailure(lhs_expression,
+                   rhs_expression,
+                   StringStreamToString(&lhs_ss),
+                   StringStreamToString(&rhs_ss),
                    false);
 }
 
 // Helper function for implementing ASSERT_NEAR.
 //
 // INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN A USER PROGRAM.
 GTEST_API_ AssertionResult DoubleNearPredFormat(const char* expr1,
                                                 const char* expr2,
@@ -1608,19 +1686,19 @@ class GTEST_API_ AssertHelper {
   struct AssertHelperData {
     AssertHelperData(TestPartResult::Type t,
                      const char* srcfile,
                      int line_num,
                      const char* msg)
         : type(t), file(srcfile), line(line_num), message(msg) { }
 
     TestPartResult::Type const type;
-    const char*        const file;
-    int                const line;
-    String             const message;
+    const char* const file;
+    int const line;
+    std::string const message;
 
    private:
     GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(AssertHelperData);
   };
 
   AssertHelperData* const data_;
 
   GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(AssertHelper);
@@ -1669,17 +1747,22 @@ class WithParamInterface {
   typedef T ParamType;
   virtual ~WithParamInterface() {}
 
   // The current parameter value. Is also available in the test fixture's
   // constructor. This member function is non-static, even though it only
   // references static data, to reduce the opportunity for incorrect uses
   // like writing 'WithParamInterface<bool>::GetParam()' for a test that
   // uses a fixture whose parameter type is int.
-  const ParamType& GetParam() const { return *parameter_; }
+  const ParamType& GetParam() const {
+    GTEST_CHECK_(parameter_ != NULL)
+        << "GetParam() can only be called inside a value-parameterized test "
+        << "-- did you intend to write TEST_P instead of TEST_F?";
+    return *parameter_;
+  }
 
  private:
   // Sets parameter value. The caller is responsible for making sure the value
   // remains alive and unchanged throughout the current test.
   static void SetParam(const ParamType* parameter) {
     parameter_ = parameter;
   }
 
@@ -1715,22 +1798,16 @@ class TestWithParam : public Test, publi
 //   EXPECT_TRUE  verifies that a Boolean condition is true.
 //   EXPECT_FALSE verifies that a Boolean condition is false.
 //
 // FAIL and ASSERT_* are similar to ADD_FAILURE and EXPECT_*, except
 // that they will also abort the current function on failure.  People
 // usually want the fail-fast behavior of FAIL and ASSERT_*, but those
 // writing data-driven tests often find themselves using ADD_FAILURE
 // and EXPECT_* more.
-//
-// Examples:
-//
-//   EXPECT_TRUE(server.StatusIsOK());
-//   ASSERT_FALSE(server.HasPendingRequest(port))
-//       << "There are still pending requests " << "on port " << port;
 
 // Generates a nonfatal failure with a generic message.
 #define ADD_FAILURE() GTEST_NONFATAL_FAILURE_("Failed")
 
 // Generates a nonfatal failure at the given source file location with
 // a generic message.
 #define ADD_FAILURE_AT(file, line) \
   GTEST_MESSAGE_AT_(file, line, "Failed", \
@@ -1775,40 +1852,40 @@ class TestWithParam : public Test, publi
   GTEST_TEST_NO_THROW_(statement, GTEST_FATAL_FAILURE_)
 #define ASSERT_ANY_THROW(statement) \
   GTEST_TEST_ANY_THROW_(statement, GTEST_FATAL_FAILURE_)
 
 // Boolean assertions. Condition can be either a Boolean expression or an
 // AssertionResult. For more information on how to use AssertionResult with
 // these macros see comments on that class.
 #define EXPECT_TRUE(condition) \
-  GTEST_TEST_BOOLEAN_(condition, #condition, false, true, \
+  GTEST_TEST_BOOLEAN_((condition), #condition, false, true, \
                       GTEST_NONFATAL_FAILURE_)
 #define EXPECT_FALSE(condition) \
   GTEST_TEST_BOOLEAN_(!(condition), #condition, true, false, \
                       GTEST_NONFATAL_FAILURE_)
 #define ASSERT_TRUE(condition) \
-  GTEST_TEST_BOOLEAN_(condition, #condition, false, true, \
+  GTEST_TEST_BOOLEAN_((condition), #condition, false, true, \
                       GTEST_FATAL_FAILURE_)
 #define ASSERT_FALSE(condition) \
   GTEST_TEST_BOOLEAN_(!(condition), #condition, true, false, \
                       GTEST_FATAL_FAILURE_)
 
 // Includes the auto-generated header that implements a family of
 // generic predicate assertion macros.
 #include "gtest/gtest_pred_impl.h"
 
 // Macros for testing equalities and inequalities.
 //
-//    * {ASSERT|EXPECT}_EQ(expected, actual): Tests that expected == actual
-//    * {ASSERT|EXPECT}_NE(v1, v2):           Tests that v1 != v2
-//    * {ASSERT|EXPECT}_LT(v1, v2):           Tests that v1 < v2
-//    * {ASSERT|EXPECT}_LE(v1, v2):           Tests that v1 <= v2
-//    * {ASSERT|EXPECT}_GT(v1, v2):           Tests that v1 > v2
-//    * {ASSERT|EXPECT}_GE(v1, v2):           Tests that v1 >= v2
+//    * {ASSERT|EXPECT}_EQ(v1, v2): Tests that v1 == v2
+//    * {ASSERT|EXPECT}_NE(v1, v2): Tests that v1 != v2
+//    * {ASSERT|EXPECT}_LT(v1, v2): Tests that v1 < v2
+//    * {ASSERT|EXPECT}_LE(v1, v2): Tests that v1 <= v2
+//    * {ASSERT|EXPECT}_GT(v1, v2): Tests that v1 > v2
+//    * {ASSERT|EXPECT}_GE(v1, v2): Tests that v1 >= v2
 //
 // When they are not, Google Test prints both the tested expressions and
 // their actual values.  The values must be compatible built-in types,
 // or you will get a compiler error.  By "compatible" we mean that the
 // values can be compared by the respective operator.
 //
 // Note:
 //
@@ -1820,52 +1897,52 @@ class TestWithParam : public Test, publi
 //   equal.
 //
 //   2. The {ASSERT|EXPECT}_??() macros do pointer comparisons on
 //   pointers (in particular, C strings).  Therefore, if you use it
 //   with two C strings, you are testing how their locations in memory
 //   are related, not how their content is related.  To compare two C
 //   strings by content, use {ASSERT|EXPECT}_STR*().
 //
-//   3. {ASSERT|EXPECT}_EQ(expected, actual) is preferred to
-//   {ASSERT|EXPECT}_TRUE(expected == actual), as the former tells you
+//   3. {ASSERT|EXPECT}_EQ(v1, v2) is preferred to
+//   {ASSERT|EXPECT}_TRUE(v1 == v2), as the former tells you
 //   what the actual value is when it fails, and similarly for the
 //   other comparisons.
 //
 //   4. Do not depend on the order in which {ASSERT|EXPECT}_??()
 //   evaluate their arguments, which is undefined.
 //
 //   5. These macros evaluate their arguments exactly once.
 //
 // Examples:
 //
 //   EXPECT_NE(5, Foo());
 //   EXPECT_EQ(NULL, a_pointer);
 //   ASSERT_LT(i, array_size);
 //   ASSERT_GT(records.size(), 0) << "There is no record left.";
 
-#define EXPECT_EQ(expected, actual) \
+#define EXPECT_EQ(val1, val2) \
   EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal:: \
-                      EqHelper<GTEST_IS_NULL_LITERAL_(expected)>::Compare, \
-                      expected, actual)
-#define EXPECT_NE(expected, actual) \
-  EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal::CmpHelperNE, expected, actual)
+                      EqHelper<GTEST_IS_NULL_LITERAL_(val1)>::Compare, \
+                      val1, val2)
+#define EXPECT_NE(val1, val2) \
+  EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal::CmpHelperNE, val1, val2)
 #define EXPECT_LE(val1, val2) \
   EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal::CmpHelperLE, val1, val2)
 #define EXPECT_LT(val1, val2) \
   EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal::CmpHelperLT, val1, val2)
 #define EXPECT_GE(val1, val2) \
   EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal::CmpHelperGE, val1, val2)
 #define EXPECT_GT(val1, val2) \
   EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal::CmpHelperGT, val1, val2)
 
-#define GTEST_ASSERT_EQ(expected, actual) \
+#define GTEST_ASSERT_EQ(val1, val2) \
   ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal:: \
-                      EqHelper<GTEST_IS_NULL_LITERAL_(expected)>::Compare, \
-                      expected, actual)
+                      EqHelper<GTEST_IS_NULL_LITERAL_(val1)>::Compare, \
+                      val1, val2)
 #define GTEST_ASSERT_NE(val1, val2) \
   ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal::CmpHelperNE, val1, val2)
 #define GTEST_ASSERT_LE(val1, val2) \
   ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal::CmpHelperLE, val1, val2)
 #define GTEST_ASSERT_LT(val1, val2) \
   ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal::CmpHelperLT, val1, val2)
 #define GTEST_ASSERT_GE(val1, val2) \
   ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal::CmpHelperGE, val1, val2)
@@ -1894,79 +1971,79 @@ class TestWithParam : public Test, publi
 #if !GTEST_DONT_DEFINE_ASSERT_GE
 # define ASSERT_GE(val1, val2) GTEST_ASSERT_GE(val1, val2)
 #endif
 
 #if !GTEST_DONT_DEFINE_ASSERT_GT
 # define ASSERT_GT(val1, val2) GTEST_ASSERT_GT(val1, val2)
 #endif
 
-// C String Comparisons.  All tests treat NULL and any non-NULL string
+// C-string Comparisons.  All tests treat NULL and any non-NULL string
 // as different.  Two NULLs are equal.
 //
 //    * {ASSERT|EXPECT}_STREQ(s1, s2):     Tests that s1 == s2
 //    * {ASSERT|EXPECT}_STRNE(s1, s2):     Tests that s1 != s2
 //    * {ASSERT|EXPECT}_STRCASEEQ(s1, s2): Tests that s1 == s2, ignoring case
 //    * {ASSERT|EXPECT}_STRCASENE(s1, s2): Tests that s1 != s2, ignoring case
 //
 // For wide or narrow string objects, you can use the
 // {ASSERT|EXPECT}_??() macros.
 //
 // Don't depend on the order in which the arguments are evaluated,
 // which is undefined.
 //
 // These macros evaluate their arguments exactly once.
 
-#define EXPECT_STREQ(expected, actual) \
-  EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal::CmpHelperSTREQ, expected, actual)
+#define EXPECT_STREQ(s1, s2) \
+  EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal::CmpHelperSTREQ, s1, s2)
 #define EXPECT_STRNE(s1, s2) \
   EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal::CmpHelperSTRNE, s1, s2)
-#define EXPECT_STRCASEEQ(expected, actual) \
-  EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal::CmpHelperSTRCASEEQ, expected, actual)
+#define EXPECT_STRCASEEQ(s1, s2) \
+  EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal::CmpHelperSTRCASEEQ, s1, s2)
 #define EXPECT_STRCASENE(s1, s2)\
   EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal::CmpHelperSTRCASENE, s1, s2)
 
-#define ASSERT_STREQ(expected, actual) \
-  ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal::CmpHelperSTREQ, expected, actual)
+#define ASSERT_STREQ(s1, s2) \
+  ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal::CmpHelperSTREQ, s1, s2)
 #define ASSERT_STRNE(s1, s2) \
   ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal::CmpHelperSTRNE, s1, s2)
-#define ASSERT_STRCASEEQ(expected, actual) \
-  ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal::CmpHelperSTRCASEEQ, expected, actual)
+#define ASSERT_STRCASEEQ(s1, s2) \
+  ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal::CmpHelperSTRCASEEQ, s1, s2)
 #define ASSERT_STRCASENE(s1, s2)\
   ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal::CmpHelperSTRCASENE, s1, s2)
 
 // Macros for comparing floating-point numbers.
 //
-//    * {ASSERT|EXPECT}_FLOAT_EQ(expected, actual):
+//    * {ASSERT|EXPECT}_FLOAT_EQ(val1, val2):
 //         Tests that two float values are almost equal.
-//    * {ASSERT|EXPECT}_DOUBLE_EQ(expected, actual):
+//    * {ASSERT|EXPECT}_DOUBLE_EQ(val1, val2):
 //         Tests that two double values are almost equal.
 //    * {ASSERT|EXPECT}_NEAR(v1, v2, abs_error):
 //         Tests that v1 and v2 are within the given distance to each other.
 //
 // Google Test uses ULP-based comparison to automatically pick a default
 // error bound that is appropriate for the operands.  See the
 // FloatingPoint template class in gtest-internal.h if you are
 // interested in the implementation details.
 
-#define EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(expected, actual)\
+#define EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(val1, val2)\
   EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal::CmpHelperFloatingPointEQ<float>, \
-                      expected, actual)
+                      val1, val2)
 
-#define EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(expected, actual)\
+#define EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(val1, val2)\
   EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal::CmpHelperFloatingPointEQ<double>, \
-                      expected, actual)
+                      val1, val2)
 
-#define ASSERT_FLOAT_EQ(expected, actual)\
+#define ASSERT_FLOAT_EQ(val1, val2)\
   ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal::CmpHelperFloatingPointEQ<float>, \
-                      expected, actual)
+                      val1, val2)
 
-#define ASSERT_DOUBLE_EQ(expected, actual)\
+#define ASSERT_DOUBLE_EQ(val1, val2)\
   ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal::CmpHelperFloatingPointEQ<double>, \
-                      expected, actual)
+                      val1, val2)
 
 #define EXPECT_NEAR(val1, val2, abs_error)\
   EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT3(::testing::internal::DoubleNearPredFormat, \
                       val1, val2, abs_error)
 
 #define ASSERT_NEAR(val1, val2, abs_error)\
   ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT3(::testing::internal::DoubleNearPredFormat, \
                       val1, val2, abs_error)
@@ -2078,18 +2155,18 @@ bool StaticAssertTypeEq() {
 // Defines a test.
 //
 // The first parameter is the name of the test case, and the second
 // parameter is the name of the test within the test case.
 //
 // The convention is to end the test case name with "Test".  For
 // example, a test case for the Foo class can be named FooTest.
 //
-// The user should put his test code between braces after using this
-// macro.  Example:
+// Test code should appear between braces after an invocation of
+// this macro.  Example:
 //
 //   TEST(FooTest, InitializesCorrectly) {
 //     Foo foo;
 //     EXPECT_TRUE(foo.StatusIsOK());
 //   }
 
 // Note that we call GetTestTypeId() instead of GetTypeId<
 // ::testing::Test>() here to get the type ID of testing::Test.  This
@@ -2135,20 +2212,25 @@ bool StaticAssertTypeEq() {
 //     EXPECT_EQ(0, a_.size());
 //     EXPECT_EQ(1, b_.size());
 //   }
 
 #define TEST_F(test_fixture, test_name)\
   GTEST_TEST_(test_fixture, test_name, test_fixture, \
               ::testing::internal::GetTypeId<test_fixture>())
 
-// Use this macro in main() to run all tests.  It returns 0 if all
+}  // namespace testing
+
+// Use this function in main() to run all tests.  It returns 0 if all
 // tests are successful, or 1 otherwise.
 //
 // RUN_ALL_TESTS() should be invoked after the command line has been
 // parsed by InitGoogleTest().
+//
+// This function was formerly a macro; thus, it is in the global
+// namespace and has an all-caps name.
+int RUN_ALL_TESTS() GTEST_MUST_USE_RESULT_;
 
-#define RUN_ALL_TESTS()\
-  (::testing::UnitTest::GetInstance()->Run())
-
-}  // namespace testing
+inline int RUN_ALL_TESTS() {
+  return ::testing::UnitTest::GetInstance()->Run();
+}
 
 #endif  // GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_H_
--- a/testing/gtest/gtest/include/gtest/gtest_pred_impl.h
+++ b/testing/gtest/gtest/include/gtest/gtest_pred_impl.h
@@ -22,17 +22,17 @@
 // OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
 // SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
 // LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
 // DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
 // THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
 // (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
 // OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 
-// This file is AUTOMATICALLY GENERATED on 09/24/2010 by command
+// This file is AUTOMATICALLY GENERATED on 10/31/2011 by command
 // 'gen_gtest_pred_impl.py 5'.  DO NOT EDIT BY HAND!
 //
 // Implements a family of generic predicate assertion macros.
 
 #ifndef GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_PRED_IMPL_H_
 #define GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_PRED_IMPL_H_
 
 // Makes sure this header is not included before gtest.h.
@@ -93,17 +93,17 @@ AssertionResult AssertPred1Helper(const 
   return AssertionFailure() << pred_text << "("
                             << e1 << ") evaluates to false, where"
                             << "\n" << e1 << " evaluates to " << v1;
 }
 
 // Internal macro for implementing {EXPECT|ASSERT}_PRED_FORMAT1.
 // Don't use this in your code.
 #define GTEST_PRED_FORMAT1_(pred_format, v1, on_failure)\
-  GTEST_ASSERT_(pred_format(#v1, v1),\
+  GTEST_ASSERT_(pred_format(#v1, v1), \
                 on_failure)
 
 // Internal macro for implementing {EXPECT|ASSERT}_PRED1.  Don't use
 // this in your code.
 #define GTEST_PRED1_(pred, v1, on_failure)\
   GTEST_ASSERT_(::testing::AssertPred1Helper(#pred, \
                                              #v1, \
                                              pred, \
@@ -139,17 +139,17 @@ AssertionResult AssertPred2Helper(const 
                             << e2 << ") evaluates to false, where"
                             << "\n" << e1 << " evaluates to " << v1
                             << "\n" << e2 << " evaluates to " << v2;
 }
 
 // Internal macro for implementing {EXPECT|ASSERT}_PRED_FORMAT2.
 // Don't use this in your code.
 #define GTEST_PRED_FORMAT2_(pred_format, v1, v2, on_failure)\
-  GTEST_ASSERT_(pred_format(#v1, #v2, v1, v2),\
+  GTEST_ASSERT_(pred_format(#v1, #v2, v1, v2), \
                 on_failure)
 
 // Internal macro for implementing {EXPECT|ASSERT}_PRED2.  Don't use
 // this in your code.
 #define GTEST_PRED2_(pred, v1, v2, on_failure)\
   GTEST_ASSERT_(::testing::AssertPred2Helper(#pred, \
                                              #v1, \
                                              #v2, \
@@ -192,17 +192,17 @@ AssertionResult AssertPred3Helper(const 
                             << "\n" << e1 << " evaluates to " << v1
                             << "\n" << e2 << " evaluates to " << v2
                             << "\n" << e3 << " evaluates to " << v3;
 }
 
 // Internal macro for implementing {EXPECT|ASSERT}_PRED_FORMAT3.
 // Don't use this in your code.
 #define GTEST_PRED_FORMAT3_(pred_format, v1, v2, v3, on_failure)\
-  GTEST_ASSERT_(pred_format(#v1, #v2, #v3, v1, v2, v3),\
+  GTEST_ASSERT_(pred_format(#v1, #v2, #v3, v1, v2, v3), \
                 on_failure)
 
 // Internal macro for implementing {EXPECT|ASSERT}_PRED3.  Don't use
 // this in your code.
 #define GTEST_PRED3_(pred, v1, v2, v3, on_failure)\
   GTEST_ASSERT_(::testing::AssertPred3Helper(#pred, \
                                              #v1, \
                                              #v2, \
@@ -252,17 +252,17 @@ AssertionResult AssertPred4Helper(const 
                             << "\n" << e2 << " evaluates to " << v2
                             << "\n" << e3 << " evaluates to " << v3
                             << "\n" << e4 << " evaluates to " << v4;
 }
 
 // Internal macro for implementing {EXPECT|ASSERT}_PRED_FORMAT4.
 // Don't use this in your code.
 #define GTEST_PRED_FORMAT4_(pred_format, v1, v2, v3, v4, on_failure)\
-  GTEST_ASSERT_(pred_format(#v1, #v2, #v3, #v4, v1, v2, v3, v4),\
+  GTEST_ASSERT_(pred_format(#v1, #v2, #v3, #v4, v1, v2, v3, v4), \
                 on_failure)
 
 // Internal macro for implementing {EXPECT|ASSERT}_PRED4.  Don't use
 // this in your code.
 #define GTEST_PRED4_(pred, v1, v2, v3, v4, on_failure)\
   GTEST_ASSERT_(::testing::AssertPred4Helper(#pred, \
                                              #v1, \
                                              #v2, \
@@ -319,17 +319,17 @@ AssertionResult AssertPred5Helper(const 
                             << "\n" << e3 << " evaluates to " << v3
                             << "\n" << e4 << " evaluates to " << v4
                             << "\n" << e5 << " evaluates to " << v5;
 }
 
 // Internal macro for implementing {EXPECT|ASSERT}_PRED_FORMAT5.
 // Don't use this in your code.
 #define GTEST_PRED_FORMAT5_(pred_format, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, on_failure)\
-  GTEST_ASSERT_(pred_format(#v1, #v2, #v3, #v4, #v5, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5),\
+  GTEST_ASSERT_(pred_format(#v1, #v2, #v3, #v4, #v5, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5), \
                 on_failure)
 
 // Internal macro for implementing {EXPECT|ASSERT}_PRED5.  Don't use
 // this in your code.
 #define GTEST_PRED5_(pred, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, on_failure)\
   GTEST_ASSERT_(::testing::AssertPred5Helper(#pred, \
                                              #v1, \
                                              #v2, \
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/gtest/gtest/include/gtest/internal/custom/gtest-port.h
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+// Copyright 2015, Google Inc.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// Injection point for custom user configurations.
+// The following macros can be defined:
+//
+//   Flag related macros:
+//     GTEST_FLAG(flag_name)
+//     GTEST_USE_OWN_FLAGFILE_FLAG_  - Define to 0 when the system provides its
+//                                     own flagfile flag parsing.
+//     GTEST_DECLARE_bool_(name)
+//     GTEST_DECLARE_int32_(name)
+//     GTEST_DECLARE_string_(name)
+//     GTEST_DEFINE_bool_(name, default_val, doc)
+//     GTEST_DEFINE_int32_(name, default_val, doc)
+//     GTEST_DEFINE_string_(name, default_val, doc)
+//
+//   Test filtering:
+//     GTEST_TEST_FILTER_ENV_VAR_ - The name of an environment variable that
+//                                  will be used if --GTEST_FLAG(test_filter)
+//                                  is not provided.
+//
+//   Logging:
+//     GTEST_LOG_(severity)
+//     GTEST_CHECK_(condition)
+//     Functions LogToStderr() and FlushInfoLog() have to be provided too.
+//
+//   Threading:
+//     GTEST_HAS_NOTIFICATION_ - Enabled if Notification is already provided.
+//     GTEST_HAS_MUTEX_AND_THREAD_LOCAL_ - Enabled if Mutex and ThreadLocal are
+//                                         already provided.
+//     Must also provide GTEST_DECLARE_STATIC_MUTEX_(mutex) and
+//     GTEST_DEFINE_STATIC_MUTEX_(mutex)
+//
+//     GTEST_EXCLUSIVE_LOCK_REQUIRED_(locks)
+//     GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(locks)
+//
+// ** Custom implementation starts here **
+
+#ifndef GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_CUSTOM_GTEST_PORT_H_
+#define GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_CUSTOM_GTEST_PORT_H_
+
+#endif  // GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_CUSTOM_GTEST_PORT_H_
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/gtest/gtest/include/gtest/internal/custom/gtest-printers.h
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+// Copyright 2015, Google Inc.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// This file provides an injection point for custom printers in a local
+// installation of gTest.
+// It will be included from gtest-printers.h and the overrides in this file
+// will be visible to everyone.
+// See documentation at gtest/gtest-printers.h for details on how to define a
+// custom printer.
+//
+// ** Custom implementation starts here **
+
+#ifndef GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_CUSTOM_GTEST_PRINTERS_H_
+#define GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_CUSTOM_GTEST_PRINTERS_H_
+
+#endif  // GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_CUSTOM_GTEST_PRINTERS_H_
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/gtest/gtest/include/gtest/internal/custom/gtest.h
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+// Copyright 2015, Google Inc.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// Injection point for custom user configurations.
+// The following macros can be defined:
+//
+// GTEST_OS_STACK_TRACE_GETTER_  - The name of an implementation of
+//                                 OsStackTraceGetterInterface.
+//
+// ** Custom implementation starts here **
+
+#ifndef GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_CUSTOM_GTEST_H_
+#define GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_CUSTOM_GTEST_H_
+
+#endif  // GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_CUSTOM_GTEST_H_
--- a/testing/gtest/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-death-test-internal.h
+++ b/testing/gtest/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-death-test-internal.h
@@ -122,21 +122,21 @@ class GTEST_API_ DeathTest {
 
   // Signals that the death test did not die as expected.
   virtual void Abort(AbortReason reason) = 0;
 
   // Returns a human-readable outcome message regarding the outcome of
   // the last death test.
   static const char* LastMessage();
 
-  static void set_last_death_test_message(const String& message);
+  static void set_last_death_test_message(const std::string& message);
 
  private:
   // A string containing a description of the outcome of the last death test.
-  static String last_death_test_message_;
+  static std::string last_death_test_message_;
 
   GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(DeathTest);
 };
 
 // Factory interface for death tests.  May be mocked out for testing.
 class DeathTestFactory {
  public:
   virtual ~DeathTestFactory() { }
@@ -212,40 +212,51 @@ GTEST_API_ bool ExitedUnsuccessfully(int
       } \
     } \
   } else \
     GTEST_CONCAT_TOKEN_(gtest_label_, __LINE__): \
       fail(::testing::internal::DeathTest::LastMessage())
 // The symbol "fail" here expands to something into which a message
 // can be streamed.
 
+// This macro is for implementing ASSERT/EXPECT_DEBUG_DEATH when compiled in
+// NDEBUG mode. In this case we need the statements to be executed, the regex is
+// ignored, and the macro must accept a streamed message even though the message
+// is never printed.
+# define GTEST_EXECUTE_STATEMENT_(statement, regex) \
+  GTEST_AMBIGUOUS_ELSE_BLOCKER_ \
+  if (::testing::internal::AlwaysTrue()) { \
+     GTEST_SUPPRESS_UNREACHABLE_CODE_WARNING_BELOW_(statement); \
+  } else \
+    ::testing::Message()
+
 // A class representing the parsed contents of the
 // --gtest_internal_run_death_test flag, as it existed when
 // RUN_ALL_TESTS was called.
 class InternalRunDeathTestFlag {
  public:
-  InternalRunDeathTestFlag(const String& a_file,
+  InternalRunDeathTestFlag(const std::string& a_file,
                            int a_line,
                            int an_index,
                            int a_write_fd)
       : file_(a_file), line_(a_line), index_(an_index),
         write_fd_(a_write_fd) {}
 
   ~InternalRunDeathTestFlag() {
     if (write_fd_ >= 0)
       posix::Close(write_fd_);
   }
 
-  String file() const { return file_; }
+  const std::string& file() const { return file_; }
   int line() const { return line_; }
   int index() const { return index_; }
   int write_fd() const { return write_fd_; }
 
  private:
-  String file_;
+  std::string file_;
   int line_;
   int index_;
   int write_fd_;
 
   GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(InternalRunDeathTestFlag);
 };
 
 // Returns a newly created InternalRunDeathTestFlag object with fields
--- a/testing/gtest/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-filepath.h
+++ b/testing/gtest/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-filepath.h
@@ -56,34 +56,30 @@ namespace internal {
 // Names are NOT checked for syntax correctness -- no checking for illegal
 // characters, malformed paths, etc.
 
 class GTEST_API_ FilePath {
  public:
   FilePath() : pathname_("") { }
   FilePath(const FilePath& rhs) : pathname_(rhs.pathname_) { }
 
-  explicit FilePath(const char* pathname) : pathname_(pathname) {
-    Normalize();
-  }
-
-  explicit FilePath(const String& pathname) : pathname_(pathname) {
+  explicit FilePath(const std::string& pathname) : pathname_(pathname) {
     Normalize();
   }
 
   FilePath& operator=(const FilePath& rhs) {
     Set(rhs);
     return *this;
   }
 
   void Set(const FilePath& rhs) {
     pathname_ = rhs.pathname_;
   }
 
-  String ToString() const { return pathname_; }
+  const std::string& string() const { return pathname_; }
   const char* c_str() const { return pathname_.c_str(); }
 
   // Returns the current working directory, or "" if unsuccessful.
   static FilePath GetCurrentDir();
 
   // Given directory = "dir", base_name = "test", number = 0,
   // extension = "xml", returns "dir/test.xml". If number is greater
   // than zero (e.g., 12), returns "dir/test_12.xml".
@@ -106,18 +102,18 @@ class GTEST_API_ FilePath {
   // that does not already exist.
   // Examples: 'dir/foo_test.xml' or 'dir/foo_test_1.xml'.
   // There could be a race condition if two or more processes are calling this
   // function at the same time -- they could both pick the same filename.
   static FilePath GenerateUniqueFileName(const FilePath& directory,
                                          const FilePath& base_name,
                                          const char* extension);
 
-  // Returns true iff the path is NULL or "".
-  bool IsEmpty() const { return c_str() == NULL || *c_str() == '\0'; }
+  // Returns true iff the path is "".
+  bool IsEmpty() const { return pathname_.empty(); }
 
   // If input name has a trailing separator character, removes it and returns
   // the name, otherwise return the name string unmodified.
   // On Windows platform, uses \ as the separator, other platforms use /.
   FilePath RemoveTrailingPathSeparator() const;
 
   // Returns a copy of the FilePath with the directory part removed.
   // Example: FilePath("path/to/file").RemoveDirectoryName() returns
@@ -196,15 +192,15 @@ class GTEST_API_ FilePath {
 
   void Normalize();
 
   // Returns a pointer to the last occurence of a valid path separator in
   // the FilePath. On Windows, for example, both '/' and '\' are valid path
   // separators. Returns NULL if no path separator was found.
   const char* FindLastPathSeparator() const;
 
-  String pathname_;
+  std::string pathname_;
 };  // class FilePath
 
 }  // namespace internal
 }  // namespace testing
 
 #endif  // GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_FILEPATH_H_
--- a/testing/gtest/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-internal.h
+++ b/testing/gtest/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-internal.h
@@ -41,67 +41,46 @@
 
 #if GTEST_OS_LINUX
 # include <stdlib.h>
 # include <sys/types.h>
 # include <sys/wait.h>
 # include <unistd.h>
 #endif  // GTEST_OS_LINUX
 
+#if GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
+# include <stdexcept>
+#endif
+
 #include <ctype.h>
+#include <float.h>
 #include <string.h>
 #include <iomanip>
 #include <limits>
+#include <map>
 #include <set>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
 
+#include "gtest/gtest-message.h"
 #include "gtest/internal/gtest-string.h"
 #include "gtest/internal/gtest-filepath.h"
 #include "gtest/internal/gtest-type-util.h"
 
 // Due to C++ preprocessor weirdness, we need double indirection to
 // concatenate two tokens when one of them is __LINE__.  Writing
 //
 //   foo ## __LINE__
 //
 // will result in the token foo__LINE__, instead of foo followed by
 // the current line number.  For more details, see
 // http://www.parashift.com/c++-faq-lite/misc-technical-issues.html#faq-39.6
 #define GTEST_CONCAT_TOKEN_(foo, bar) GTEST_CONCAT_TOKEN_IMPL_(foo, bar)
 #define GTEST_CONCAT_TOKEN_IMPL_(foo, bar) foo ## bar
 
-// Google Test defines the testing::Message class to allow construction of
-// test messages via the << operator.  The idea is that anything
-// streamable to std::ostream can be streamed to a testing::Message.
-// This allows a user to use his own types in Google Test assertions by
-// overloading the << operator.
-//
-// util/gtl/stl_logging-inl.h overloads << for STL containers.  These
-// overloads cannot be defined in the std namespace, as that will be
-// undefined behavior.  Therefore, they are defined in the global
-// namespace instead.
-//
-// C++'s symbol lookup rule (i.e. Koenig lookup) says that these
-// overloads are visible in either the std namespace or the global
-// namespace, but not other namespaces, including the testing
-// namespace which Google Test's Message class is in.
-//
-// To allow STL containers (and other types that has a << operator
-// defined in the global namespace) to be used in Google Test assertions,
-// testing::Message must access the custom << operator from the global
-// namespace.  Hence this helper function.
-//
-// Note: Jeffrey Yasskin suggested an alternative fix by "using
-// ::operator<<;" in the definition of Message's operator<<.  That fix
-// doesn't require a helper function, but unfortunately doesn't
-// compile with MSVC.
-template <typename T>
-inline void GTestStreamToHelper(std::ostream* os, const T& val) {
-  *os << val;
-}
-
 class ProtocolMessage;
 namespace proto2 { class Message; }
 
 namespace testing {
 
 // Forward declarations.
 
 class AssertionResult;                 // Result of an assertion.
@@ -116,28 +95,20 @@ template <typename T>
 
 namespace internal {
 
 struct TraceInfo;                      // Information about a trace point.
 class ScopedTrace;                     // Implements scoped trace.
 class TestInfoImpl;                    // Opaque implementation of TestInfo
 class UnitTestImpl;                    // Opaque implementation of UnitTest
 
-// How many times InitGoogleTest() has been called.
-extern int g_init_gtest_count;
-
 // The text used in failure messages to indicate the start of the
 // stack trace.
 GTEST_API_ extern const char kStackTraceMarker[];
 
-// A secret type that Google Test users don't know about.  It has no
-// definition on purpose.  Therefore it's impossible to create a
-// Secret object, which is what we want.
-class Secret;
-
 // Two overloaded helpers for checking at compile time whether an
 // expression is a null pointer literal (i.e. NULL or any 0-valued
 // compile-time integral constant).  Their return values have
 // different sizes, so we can use sizeof() to test which version is
 // picked by the compiler.  These helpers have no implementations, as
 // we only need their signatures.
 //
 // Given IsNullLiteralHelper(x), the compiler will pick the first
@@ -158,18 +129,33 @@ char (&IsNullLiteralHelper(...))[2];  //
 // passing non-POD classes through ellipsis (...).
 # define GTEST_IS_NULL_LITERAL_(x) false
 #else
 # define GTEST_IS_NULL_LITERAL_(x) \
     (sizeof(::testing::internal::IsNullLiteralHelper(x)) == 1)
 #endif  // GTEST_ELLIPSIS_NEEDS_POD_
 
 // Appends the user-supplied message to the Google-Test-generated message.
-GTEST_API_ String AppendUserMessage(const String& gtest_msg,
-                                    const Message& user_msg);
+GTEST_API_ std::string AppendUserMessage(
+    const std::string& gtest_msg, const Message& user_msg);
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
+
+// This exception is thrown by (and only by) a failed Google Test
+// assertion when GTEST_FLAG(throw_on_failure) is true (if exceptions
+// are enabled).  We derive it from std::runtime_error, which is for
+// errors presumably detectable only at run time.  Since
+// std::runtime_error inherits from std::exception, many testing
+// frameworks know how to extract and print the message inside it.
+class GTEST_API_ GoogleTestFailureException : public ::std::runtime_error {
+ public:
+  explicit GoogleTestFailureException(const TestPartResult& failure);
+};
+
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
 
 // A helper class for creating scoped traces in user programs.
 class GTEST_API_ ScopedTrace {
  public:
   // The c'tor pushes the given source file location and message onto
   // a trace stack maintained by Google Test.
   ScopedTrace(const char* file, int line, const Message& message);
 
@@ -180,86 +166,45 @@ class GTEST_API_ ScopedTrace {
   ~ScopedTrace();
 
  private:
   GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(ScopedTrace);
 } GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_;  // A ScopedTrace object does its job in its
                             // c'tor and d'tor.  Therefore it doesn't
                             // need to be used otherwise.
 
-// Converts a streamable value to a String.  A NULL pointer is
-// converted to "(null)".  When the input value is a ::string,
-// ::std::string, ::wstring, or ::std::wstring object, each NUL
-// character in it is replaced with "\\0".
-// Declared here but defined in gtest.h, so that it has access
-// to the definition of the Message class, required by the ARM
-// compiler.
-template <typename T>
-String StreamableToString(const T& streamable);
+namespace edit_distance {
+// Returns the optimal edits to go from 'left' to 'right'.
+// All edits cost the same, with replace having lower priority than
+// add/remove.
+// Simple implementation of the Wagner–Fischer algorithm.
+// See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wagner-Fischer_algorithm
+enum EditType { kMatch, kAdd, kRemove, kReplace };
+GTEST_API_ std::vector<EditType> CalculateOptimalEdits(
+    const std::vector<size_t>& left, const std::vector<size_t>& right);
 
-// The Symbian compiler has a bug that prevents it from selecting the
-// correct overload of FormatForComparisonFailureMessage (see below)
-// unless we pass the first argument by reference.  If we do that,
-// however, Visual Age C++ 10.1 generates a compiler error.  Therefore
-// we only apply the work-around for Symbian.
-#if defined(__SYMBIAN32__)
-# define GTEST_CREF_WORKAROUND_ const&
-#else
-# define GTEST_CREF_WORKAROUND_
-#endif
-
-// When this operand is a const char* or char*, if the other operand
-// is a ::std::string or ::string, we print this operand as a C string
-// rather than a pointer (we do the same for wide strings); otherwise
-// we print it as a pointer to be safe.
+// Same as above, but the input is represented as strings.
+GTEST_API_ std::vector<EditType> CalculateOptimalEdits(
+    const std::vector<std::string>& left,
+    const std::vector<std::string>& right);
 
-// This internal macro is used to avoid duplicated code.
-#define GTEST_FORMAT_IMPL_(operand2_type, operand1_printer)\
-inline String FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(\
-    operand2_type::value_type* GTEST_CREF_WORKAROUND_ str, \
-    const operand2_type& /*operand2*/) {\
-  return operand1_printer(str);\
-}\
-inline String FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(\
-    const operand2_type::value_type* GTEST_CREF_WORKAROUND_ str, \
-    const operand2_type& /*operand2*/) {\
-  return operand1_printer(str);\
-}
+// Create a diff of the input strings in Unified diff format.
+GTEST_API_ std::string CreateUnifiedDiff(const std::vector<std::string>& left,
+                                         const std::vector<std::string>& right,
+                                         size_t context = 2);
 
-GTEST_FORMAT_IMPL_(::std::string, String::ShowCStringQuoted)
-#if GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
-GTEST_FORMAT_IMPL_(::std::wstring, String::ShowWideCStringQuoted)
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
+}  // namespace edit_distance
 
-#if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
-GTEST_FORMAT_IMPL_(::string, String::ShowCStringQuoted)
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
-#if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING
-GTEST_FORMAT_IMPL_(::wstring, String::ShowWideCStringQuoted)
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING
-
-#undef GTEST_FORMAT_IMPL_
-
-// The next four overloads handle the case where the operand being
-// printed is a char/wchar_t pointer and the other operand is not a
-// string/wstring object.  In such cases, we just print the operand as
-// a pointer to be safe.
-#define GTEST_FORMAT_CHAR_PTR_IMPL_(CharType)                       \
-  template <typename T>                                             \
-  String FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(CharType* GTEST_CREF_WORKAROUND_ p, \
-                                           const T&) { \
-    return PrintToString(static_cast<const void*>(p));              \
-  }
-
-GTEST_FORMAT_CHAR_PTR_IMPL_(char)
-GTEST_FORMAT_CHAR_PTR_IMPL_(const char)
-GTEST_FORMAT_CHAR_PTR_IMPL_(wchar_t)
-GTEST_FORMAT_CHAR_PTR_IMPL_(const wchar_t)
-
-#undef GTEST_FORMAT_CHAR_PTR_IMPL_
+// Calculate the diff between 'left' and 'right' and return it in unified diff
+// format.
+// If not null, stores in 'total_line_count' the total number of lines found
+// in left + right.
+GTEST_API_ std::string DiffStrings(const std::string& left,
+                                   const std::string& right,
+                                   size_t* total_line_count);
 
 // Constructs and returns the message for an equality assertion
 // (e.g. ASSERT_EQ, EXPECT_STREQ, etc) failure.
 //
 // The first four parameters are the expressions used in the assertion
 // and their values, as strings.  For example, for ASSERT_EQ(foo, bar)
 // where foo is 5 and bar is 6, we have:
 //
@@ -268,22 +213,22 @@ GTEST_FORMAT_CHAR_PTR_IMPL_(const wchar_
 //   expected_value:      "5"
 //   actual_value:        "6"
 //
 // The ignoring_case parameter is true iff the assertion is a
 // *_STRCASEEQ*.  When it's true, the string " (ignoring case)" will
 // be inserted into the message.
 GTEST_API_ AssertionResult EqFailure(const char* expected_expression,
                                      const char* actual_expression,
-                                     const String& expected_value,
-                                     const String& actual_value,
+                                     const std::string& expected_value,
+                                     const std::string& actual_value,
                                      bool ignoring_case);
 
 // Constructs a failure message for Boolean assertions such as EXPECT_TRUE.
-GTEST_API_ String GetBoolAssertionFailureMessage(
+GTEST_API_ std::string GetBoolAssertionFailureMessage(
     const AssertionResult& assertion_result,
     const char* expression_text,
     const char* actual_predicate_value,
     const char* expected_predicate_value);
 
 // This template class represents an IEEE floating-point number
 // (either single-precision or double-precision, depending on the
 // template parameters).
@@ -348,17 +293,17 @@ class FloatingPoint {
   // to be considered equal.
   //
   // The maximum error of a single floating-point operation is 0.5
   // units in the last place.  On Intel CPU's, all floating-point
   // calculations are done with 80-bit precision, while double has 64
   // bits.  Therefore, 4 should be enough for ordinary use.
   //
   // See the following article for more details on ULP:
-  // http://www.cygnus-software.com/papers/comparingfloats/comparingfloats.htm.
+  // http://randomascii.wordpress.com/2012/02/25/comparing-floating-point-numbers-2012-edition/
   static const size_t kMaxUlps = 4;
 
   // Constructs a FloatingPoint from a raw floating-point number.
   //
   // On an Intel CPU, passing a non-normalized NAN (Not a Number)
   // around may change its bits, although the new value is guaranteed
   // to be also a NAN.  Therefore, don't expect this constructor to
   // preserve the bits in x when x is a NAN.
@@ -375,16 +320,19 @@ class FloatingPoint {
     return fp.u_.value_;
   }
 
   // Returns the floating-point number that represent positive infinity.
   static RawType Infinity() {
     return ReinterpretBits(kExponentBitMask);
   }
 
+  // Returns the maximum representable finite floating-point number.
+  static RawType Max();
+
   // Non-static methods
 
   // Returns the bits that represents this number.
   const Bits &bits() const { return u_.bits_; }
 
   // Returns the exponent bits of this number.
   Bits exponent_bits() const { return kExponentBitMask & u_.bits_; }
 
@@ -455,16 +403,23 @@ class FloatingPoint {
     const Bits biased1 = SignAndMagnitudeToBiased(sam1);
     const Bits biased2 = SignAndMagnitudeToBiased(sam2);
     return (biased1 >= biased2) ? (biased1 - biased2) : (biased2 - biased1);
   }
 
   FloatingPointUnion u_;
 };
 
+// We cannot use std::numeric_limits<T>::max() as it clashes with the max()
+// macro defined by <windows.h>.
+template <>
+inline float FloatingPoint<float>::Max() { return FLT_MAX; }
+template <>
+inline double FloatingPoint<double>::Max() { return DBL_MAX; }
+
 // Typedefs the instances of the FloatingPoint template class that we
 // care to use.
 typedef FloatingPoint<float> Float;
 typedef FloatingPoint<double> Double;
 
 // In order to catch the mistake of putting tests that use different
 // test fixture classes in the same test case, we need to assign
 // unique IDs to fixture classes and compare them.  The TypeId type is
@@ -541,37 +496,47 @@ GTEST_API_ AssertionResult IsHRESULTFail
                                             long hr);  // NOLINT
 
 #endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 
 // Types of SetUpTestCase() and TearDownTestCase() functions.
 typedef void (*SetUpTestCaseFunc)();
 typedef void (*TearDownTestCaseFunc)();
 
+struct CodeLocation {
+  CodeLocation(const string& a_file, int a_line) : file(a_file), line(a_line) {}
+
+  string file;
+  int line;
+};
+
 // Creates a new TestInfo object and registers it with Google Test;
 // returns the created object.
 //
 // Arguments:
 //
 //   test_case_name:   name of the test case
 //   name:             name of the test
 //   type_param        the name of the test's type parameter, or NULL if
-//                     this is not  a typed or a type-parameterized test.
+//                     this is not a typed or a type-parameterized test.
 //   value_param       text representation of the test's value parameter,
 //                     or NULL if this is not a type-parameterized test.
+//   code_location:    code location where the test is defined
 //   fixture_class_id: ID of the test fixture class
 //   set_up_tc:        pointer to the function that sets up the test case
 //   tear_down_tc:     pointer to the function that tears down the test case
 //   factory:          pointer to the factory that creates a test object.
 //                     The newly created TestInfo instance will assume
 //                     ownership of the factory object.
 GTEST_API_ TestInfo* MakeAndRegisterTestInfo(
-    const char* test_case_name, const char* name,
+    const char* test_case_name,
+    const char* name,
     const char* type_param,
     const char* value_param,
+    CodeLocation code_location,
     TypeId fixture_class_id,
     SetUpTestCaseFunc set_up_tc,
     TearDownTestCaseFunc tear_down_tc,
     TestFactoryBase* factory);
 
 // If *pstr starts with the given prefix, modifies *pstr to be right
 // past the prefix and returns true; otherwise leaves *pstr unchanged
 // and returns false.  None of pstr, *pstr, and prefix can be NULL.
@@ -591,143 +556,180 @@ class GTEST_API_ TypedTestCasePState {
                    const char* test_name) {
     if (registered_) {
       fprintf(stderr, "%s Test %s must be defined before "
               "REGISTER_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(%s, ...).\n",
               FormatFileLocation(file, line).c_str(), test_name, case_name);
       fflush(stderr);
       posix::Abort();
     }
-    defined_test_names_.insert(test_name);
+    registered_tests_.insert(
+        ::std::make_pair(test_name, CodeLocation(file, line)));
     return true;
   }
 
+  bool TestExists(const std::string& test_name) const {
+    return registered_tests_.count(test_name) > 0;
+  }
+
+  const CodeLocation& GetCodeLocation(const std::string& test_name) const {
+    RegisteredTestsMap::const_iterator it = registered_tests_.find(test_name);
+    GTEST_CHECK_(it != registered_tests_.end());
+    return it->second;
+  }
+
   // Verifies that registered_tests match the test names in
   // defined_test_names_; returns registered_tests if successful, or
   // aborts the program otherwise.
   const char* VerifyRegisteredTestNames(
       const char* file, int line, const char* registered_tests);
 
  private:
+  typedef ::std::map<std::string, CodeLocation> RegisteredTestsMap;
+
   bool registered_;
-  ::std::set<const char*> defined_test_names_;
+  RegisteredTestsMap registered_tests_;
 };
 
 // Skips to the first non-space char after the first comma in 'str';
 // returns NULL if no comma is found in 'str'.
 inline const char* SkipComma(const char* str) {
   const char* comma = strchr(str, ',');
   if (comma == NULL) {
     return NULL;
   }
   while (IsSpace(*(++comma))) {}
   return comma;
 }
 
 // Returns the prefix of 'str' before the first comma in it; returns
 // the entire string if it contains no comma.
-inline String GetPrefixUntilComma(const char* str) {
+inline std::string GetPrefixUntilComma(const char* str) {
   const char* comma = strchr(str, ',');
-  return comma == NULL ? String(str) : String(str, comma - str);
+  return comma == NULL ? str : std::string(str, comma);
 }
 
+// Splits a given string on a given delimiter, populating a given
+// vector with the fields.
+void SplitString(const ::std::string& str, char delimiter,
+                 ::std::vector< ::std::string>* dest);
+
 // TypeParameterizedTest<Fixture, TestSel, Types>::Register()
 // registers a list of type-parameterized tests with Google Test.  The
 // return value is insignificant - we just need to return something
 // such that we can call this function in a namespace scope.
 //
 // Implementation note: The GTEST_TEMPLATE_ macro declares a template
 // template parameter.  It's defined in gtest-type-util.h.
 template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ Fixture, class TestSel, typename Types>
 class TypeParameterizedTest {
  public:
   // 'index' is the index of the test in the type list 'Types'
   // specified in INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(Prefix, TestCase,
   // Types).  Valid values for 'index' are [0, N - 1] where N is the
   // length of Types.
-  static bool Register(const char* prefix, const char* case_name,
-                       const char* test_names, int index) {
+  static bool Register(const char* prefix,
+                       CodeLocation code_location,
+                       const char* case_name, const char* test_names,
+                       int index) {
     typedef typename Types::Head Type;
     typedef Fixture<Type> FixtureClass;
     typedef typename GTEST_BIND_(TestSel, Type) TestClass;
 
     // First, registers the first type-parameterized test in the type
     // list.
     MakeAndRegisterTestInfo(
-        String::Format("%s%s%s/%d", prefix, prefix[0] == '\0' ? "" : "/",
-                       case_name, index).c_str(),
-        GetPrefixUntilComma(test_names).c_str(),
+        (std::string(prefix) + (prefix[0] == '\0' ? "" : "/") + case_name + "/"
+         + StreamableToString(index)).c_str(),
+        StripTrailingSpaces(GetPrefixUntilComma(test_names)).c_str(),
         GetTypeName<Type>().c_str(),
         NULL,  // No value parameter.
+        code_location,
         GetTypeId<FixtureClass>(),
         TestClass::SetUpTestCase,
         TestClass::TearDownTestCase,
         new TestFactoryImpl<TestClass>);
 
     // Next, recurses (at compile time) with the tail of the type list.
     return TypeParameterizedTest<Fixture, TestSel, typename Types::Tail>
-        ::Register(prefix, case_name, test_names, index + 1);
+        ::Register(prefix, code_location, case_name, test_names, index + 1);
   }
 };
 
 // The base case for the compile time recursion.
 template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ Fixture, class TestSel>
 class TypeParameterizedTest<Fixture, TestSel, Types0> {
  public:
-  static bool Register(const char* /*prefix*/, const char* /*case_name*/,
-                       const char* /*test_names*/, int /*index*/) {
+  static bool Register(const char* /*prefix*/, CodeLocation,
+                       const char* /*case_name*/, const char* /*test_names*/,
+                       int /*index*/) {
     return true;
   }
 };
 
 // TypeParameterizedTestCase<Fixture, Tests, Types>::Register()
 // registers *all combinations* of 'Tests' and 'Types' with Google
 // Test.  The return value is insignificant - we just need to return
 // something such that we can call this function in a namespace scope.
 template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ Fixture, typename Tests, typename Types>
 class TypeParameterizedTestCase {
  public:
-  static bool Register(const char* prefix, const char* case_name,
-                       const char* test_names) {
+  static bool Register(const char* prefix, CodeLocation code_location,
+                       const TypedTestCasePState* state,
+                       const char* case_name, const char* test_names) {
+    std::string test_name = StripTrailingSpaces(
+        GetPrefixUntilComma(test_names));
+    if (!state->TestExists(test_name)) {
+      fprintf(stderr, "Failed to get code location for test %s.%s at %s.",
+              case_name, test_name.c_str(),
+              FormatFileLocation(code_location.file.c_str(),
+                                 code_location.line).c_str());
+      fflush(stderr);
+      posix::Abort();
+    }
+    const CodeLocation& test_location = state->GetCodeLocation(test_name);
+
     typedef typename Tests::Head Head;
 
     // First, register the first test in 'Test' for each type in 'Types'.
     TypeParameterizedTest<Fixture, Head, Types>::Register(
-        prefix, case_name, test_names, 0);
+        prefix, test_location, case_name, test_names, 0);
 
     // Next, recurses (at compile time) with the tail of the test list.
     return TypeParameterizedTestCase<Fixture, typename Tests::Tail, Types>
-        ::Register(prefix, case_name, SkipComma(test_names));
+        ::Register(prefix, code_location, state,
+                   case_name, SkipComma(test_names));
   }
 };
 
 // The base case for the compile time recursion.
 template <GTEST_TEMPLATE_ Fixture, typename Types>
 class TypeParameterizedTestCase<Fixture, Templates0, Types> {
  public:
-  static bool Register(const char* /*prefix*/, const char* /*case_name*/,
-                       const char* /*test_names*/) {
+  static bool Register(const char* /*prefix*/, CodeLocation,
+                       const TypedTestCasePState* /*state*/,
+                       const char* /*case_name*/, const char* /*test_names*/) {
     return true;
   }
 };
 
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST || GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST_P
 
-// Returns the current OS stack trace as a String.
+// Returns the current OS stack trace as an std::string.
 //
 // The maximum number of stack frames to be included is specified by
 // the gtest_stack_trace_depth flag.  The skip_count parameter
 // specifies the number of top frames to be skipped, which doesn't
 // count against the number of frames to be included.
 //
 // For example, if Foo() calls Bar(), which in turn calls
 // GetCurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop(..., 1), Foo() will be included in
 // the trace but Bar() and GetCurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop() won't.
-GTEST_API_ String GetCurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop(UnitTest* unit_test,
-                                                  int skip_count);
+GTEST_API_ std::string GetCurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop(
+    UnitTest* unit_test, int skip_count);
 
 // Helpers for suppressing warnings on unreachable code or constant
 // condition.
 
 // Always returns true.
 GTEST_API_ bool AlwaysTrue();
 
 // Always returns false.
@@ -792,23 +794,29 @@ struct RemoveReference<T&> { typedef T t
 template <typename T>
 struct RemoveConst { typedef T type; };  // NOLINT
 template <typename T>
 struct RemoveConst<const T> { typedef T type; };  // NOLINT
 
 // MSVC 8.0, Sun C++, and IBM XL C++ have a bug which causes the above
 // definition to fail to remove the const in 'const int[3]' and 'const
 // char[3][4]'.  The following specialization works around the bug.
-// However, it causes trouble with GCC and thus needs to be
-// conditionally compiled.
-#if defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__SUNPRO_CC) || defined(__IBMCPP__)
 template <typename T, size_t N>
 struct RemoveConst<const T[N]> {
   typedef typename RemoveConst<T>::type type[N];
 };
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER < 1400
+// This is the only specialization that allows VC++ 7.1 to remove const in
+// 'const int[3] and 'const int[3][4]'.  However, it causes trouble with GCC
+// and thus needs to be conditionally compiled.
+template <typename T, size_t N>
+struct RemoveConst<T[N]> {
+  typedef typename RemoveConst<T>::type type[N];
+};
 #endif
 
 // A handy wrapper around RemoveConst that works when the argument
 // T depends on template parameters.
 #define GTEST_REMOVE_CONST_(T) \
     typename ::testing::internal::RemoveConst<T>::type
 
 // Turns const U&, U&, const U, and U all into U.
@@ -847,17 +855,17 @@ template <typename From, typename To>
 class ImplicitlyConvertible {
  private:
   // We need the following helper functions only for their types.
   // They have no implementations.
 
   // MakeFrom() is an expression whose type is From.  We cannot simply
   // use From(), as the type From may not have a public default
   // constructor.
-  static From MakeFrom();
+  static typename AddReference<From>::type MakeFrom();
 
   // These two functions are overloaded.  Given an expression
   // Helper(x), the compiler will pick the first version if x can be
   // implicitly converted to type To; otherwise it will pick the
   // second version.
   //
   // The first version returns a value of size 1, and the second
   // version returns a value of size 2.  Therefore, by checking the
@@ -865,35 +873,30 @@ class ImplicitlyConvertible {
   // which version of Helper() is used, and hence whether x can be
   // implicitly converted to type To.
   static char Helper(To);
   static char (&Helper(...))[2];  // NOLINT
 
   // We have to put the 'public' section after the 'private' section,
   // or MSVC refuses to compile the code.
  public:
-  // MSVC warns about implicitly converting from double to int for
-  // possible loss of data, so we need to temporarily disable the
-  // warning.
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-# pragma warning(push)          // Saves the current warning state.
-# pragma warning(disable:4244)  // Temporarily disables warning 4244.
-
-  static const bool value =
-      sizeof(Helper(ImplicitlyConvertible::MakeFrom())) == 1;
-# pragma warning(pop)           // Restores the warning state.
-#elif defined(__BORLANDC__)
+#if defined(__BORLANDC__)
   // C++Builder cannot use member overload resolution during template
   // instantiation.  The simplest workaround is to use its C++0x type traits
   // functions (C++Builder 2009 and above only).
   static const bool value = __is_convertible(From, To);
 #else
+  // MSVC warns about implicitly converting from double to int for
+  // possible loss of data, so we need to temporarily disable the
+  // warning.
+  GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(4244)
   static const bool value =
       sizeof(Helper(ImplicitlyConvertible::MakeFrom())) == 1;
-#endif  // _MSV_VER
+  GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_()
+#endif  // __BORLANDC__
 };
 template <typename From, typename To>
 const bool ImplicitlyConvertible<From, To>::value;
 
 // IsAProtocolMessage<T>::value is a compile-time bool constant that's
 // true iff T is type ProtocolMessage, proto2::Message, or a subclass
 // of those.
 template <typename T>
@@ -1009,21 +1012,20 @@ template <typename T, typename U>
 void CopyArray(const T* from, size_t size, U* to) {
   for (size_t i = 0; i != size; i++) {
     internal::CopyArray(from[i], to + i);
   }
 }
 
 // The relation between an NativeArray object (see below) and the
 // native array it represents.
-enum RelationToSource {
-  kReference,  // The NativeArray references the native array.
-  kCopy        // The NativeArray makes a copy of the native array and
-               // owns the copy.
-};
+// We use 2 different structs to allow non-copyable types to be used, as long
+// as RelationToSourceReference() is passed.
+struct RelationToSourceReference {};
+struct RelationToSourceCopy {};
 
 // Adapts a native array to a read-only STL-style container.  Instead
 // of the complete STL container concept, this adaptor only implements
 // members useful for Google Mock's container matchers.  New members
 // should be added as needed.  To simplify the implementation, we only
 // support Element being a raw type (i.e. having no top-level const or
 // reference modifier).  It's the client's responsibility to satisfy
 // this requirement.  Element can be an array type itself (hence
@@ -1031,62 +1033,70 @@ enum RelationToSource {
 template <typename Element>
 class NativeArray {
  public:
   // STL-style container typedefs.
   typedef Element value_type;
   typedef Element* iterator;
   typedef const Element* const_iterator;
 
-  // Constructs from a native array.
-  NativeArray(const Element* array, size_t count, RelationToSource relation) {
-    Init(array, count, relation);
+  // Constructs from a native array. References the source.
+  NativeArray(const Element* array, size_t count, RelationToSourceReference) {
+    InitRef(array, count);
+  }
+
+  // Constructs from a native array. Copies the source.
+  NativeArray(const Element* array, size_t count, RelationToSourceCopy) {
+    InitCopy(array, count);
   }
 
   // Copy constructor.
   NativeArray(const NativeArray& rhs) {
-    Init(rhs.array_, rhs.size_, rhs.relation_to_source_);
+    (this->*rhs.clone_)(rhs.array_, rhs.size_);
   }
 
   ~NativeArray() {
-    // Ensures that the user doesn't instantiate NativeArray with a
-    // const or reference type.
-    static_cast<void>(StaticAssertTypeEqHelper<Element,
-        GTEST_REMOVE_REFERENCE_AND_CONST_(Element)>());
-    if (relation_to_source_ == kCopy)
+    if (clone_ != &NativeArray::InitRef)
       delete[] array_;
   }
 
   // STL-style container methods.
   size_t size() const { return size_; }
   const_iterator begin() const { return array_; }
   const_iterator end() const { return array_ + size_; }
   bool operator==(const NativeArray& rhs) const {
     return size() == rhs.size() &&
         ArrayEq(begin(), size(), rhs.begin());
   }
 
  private:
-  // Initializes this object; makes a copy of the input array if
-  // 'relation' is kCopy.
-  void Init(const Element* array, size_t a_size, RelationToSource relation) {
-    if (relation == kReference) {
-      array_ = array;
-    } else {
-      Element* const copy = new Element[a_size];
-      CopyArray(array, a_size, copy);
-      array_ = copy;
-    }
+  enum {
+    kCheckTypeIsNotConstOrAReference = StaticAssertTypeEqHelper<
+        Element, GTEST_REMOVE_REFERENCE_AND_CONST_(Element)>::value,
+  };
+
+  // Initializes this object with a copy of the input.
+  void InitCopy(const Element* array, size_t a_size) {
+    Element* const copy = new Element[a_size];
+    CopyArray(array, a_size, copy);
+    array_ = copy;
     size_ = a_size;
-    relation_to_source_ = relation;
+    clone_ = &NativeArray::InitCopy;
+  }
+
+  // Initializes this object with a reference of the input.
+  void InitRef(const Element* array, size_t a_size) {
+    array_ = array;
+    size_ = a_size;
+    clone_ = &NativeArray::InitRef;
   }
 
   const Element* array_;
   size_t size_;
-  RelationToSource relation_to_source_;
+  void (NativeArray::*clone_)(const Element*, size_t);
 
   GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(NativeArray);
 };
 
 }  // namespace internal
 }  // namespace testing
 
 #define GTEST_MESSAGE_AT_(file, line, message, result_type) \
@@ -1211,16 +1221,18 @@ class GTEST_TEST_CLASS_NAME_(test_case_n
   GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(\
       GTEST_TEST_CLASS_NAME_(test_case_name, test_name));\
 };\
 \
 ::testing::TestInfo* const GTEST_TEST_CLASS_NAME_(test_case_name, test_name)\
   ::test_info_ =\
     ::testing::internal::MakeAndRegisterTestInfo(\
         #test_case_name, #test_name, NULL, NULL, \
+        ::testing::internal::CodeLocation(__FILE__, __LINE__), \
         (parent_id), \
         parent_class::SetUpTestCase, \
         parent_class::TearDownTestCase, \
         new ::testing::internal::TestFactoryImpl<\
             GTEST_TEST_CLASS_NAME_(test_case_name, test_name)>);\
 void GTEST_TEST_CLASS_NAME_(test_case_name, test_name)::TestBody()
 
 #endif  // GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_INTERNAL_H_
+
--- a/testing/gtest/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-linked_ptr.h
+++ b/testing/gtest/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-linked_ptr.h
@@ -100,35 +100,45 @@ class linked_ptr_internal {
   // Note that different types of linked_ptr objects can coexist in a
   // circle (e.g. linked_ptr<Base>, linked_ptr<Derived1>, and
   // linked_ptr<Derived2>).  Therefore we must use a single mutex to
   // protect all linked_ptr objects.  This can create serious
   // contention in production code, but is acceptable in a testing
   // framework.
 
   // Join an existing circle.
-  // L < g_linked_ptr_mutex
-  void join(linked_ptr_internal const* ptr) {
+  void join(linked_ptr_internal const* ptr)
+      GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(g_linked_ptr_mutex) {
     MutexLock lock(&g_linked_ptr_mutex);
 
     linked_ptr_internal const* p = ptr;
-    while (p->next_ != ptr) p = p->next_;
+    while (p->next_ != ptr) {
+      assert(p->next_ != this &&
+             "Trying to join() a linked ring we are already in. "
+             "Is GMock thread safety enabled?");
+      p = p->next_;
+    }
     p->next_ = this;
     next_ = ptr;
   }
 
   // Leave whatever circle we're part of.  Returns true if we were the
   // last member of the circle.  Once this is done, you can join() another.
-  // L < g_linked_ptr_mutex
-  bool depart() {
+  bool depart()
+      GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(g_linked_ptr_mutex) {
     MutexLock lock(&g_linked_ptr_mutex);
 
     if (next_ == this) return true;
     linked_ptr_internal const* p = next_;
-    while (p->next_ != this) p = p->next_;
+    while (p->next_ != this) {
+      assert(p->next_ != next_ &&
+             "Trying to depart() a linked ring we are not in. "
+             "Is GMock thread safety enabled?");
+      p = p->next_;
+    }
     p->next_ = next_;
     return false;
   }
 
  private:
   mutable linked_ptr_internal const* next_;
 };
 
--- a/testing/gtest/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-param-util-generated.h
+++ b/testing/gtest/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-param-util-generated.h
@@ -35,17 +35,17 @@
 
 // Type and function utilities for implementing parameterized tests.
 // This file is generated by a SCRIPT.  DO NOT EDIT BY HAND!
 //
 // Currently Google Test supports at most 50 arguments in Values,
 // and at most 10 arguments in Combine. Please contact
 // googletestframework@googlegroups.com if you need more.
 // Please note that the number of arguments to Combine is limited
-// by the maximum arity of the implementation of tr1::tuple which is
+// by the maximum arity of the implementation of tuple which is
 // currently set at 10.
 
 #ifndef GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_PARAM_UTIL_GENERATED_H_
 #define GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_PARAM_UTIL_GENERATED_H_
 
 // scripts/fuse_gtest.py depends on gtest's own header being #included
 // *unconditionally*.  Therefore these #includes cannot be moved
 // inside #if GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST.
@@ -74,33 +74,36 @@ namespace internal {
 
 // Used in the Values() function to provide polymorphic capabilities.
 template <typename T1>
 class ValueArray1 {
  public:
   explicit ValueArray1(T1 v1) : v1_(v1) {}
 
   template <typename T>
-  operator ParamGenerator<T>() const { return ValuesIn(&v1_, &v1_ + 1); }
+  operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_)};
+    return ValuesIn(array);
+  }
 
  private:
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
   void operator=(const ValueArray1& other);
 
   const T1 v1_;
 };
 
 template <typename T1, typename T2>
 class ValueArray2 {
  public:
   ValueArray2(T1 v1, T2 v2) : v1_(v1), v2_(v2) {}
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
  private:
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
   void operator=(const ValueArray2& other);
 
   const T1 v1_;
@@ -109,17 +112,18 @@ class ValueArray2 {
 
 template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3>
 class ValueArray3 {
  public:
   ValueArray3(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3) : v1_(v1), v2_(v2), v3_(v3) {}
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
  private:
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
   void operator=(const ValueArray3& other);
 
   const T1 v1_;
@@ -130,17 +134,18 @@ class ValueArray3 {
 template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4>
 class ValueArray4 {
  public:
   ValueArray4(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4) : v1_(v1), v2_(v2), v3_(v3),
       v4_(v4) {}
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
  private:
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
   void operator=(const ValueArray4& other);
 
   const T1 v1_;
@@ -152,17 +157,18 @@ class ValueArray4 {
 template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5>
 class ValueArray5 {
  public:
   ValueArray5(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5) : v1_(v1), v2_(v2), v3_(v3),
       v4_(v4), v5_(v5) {}
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
  private:
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
   void operator=(const ValueArray5& other);
 
   const T1 v1_;
@@ -176,17 +182,19 @@ template <typename T1, typename T2, type
     typename T6>
 class ValueArray6 {
  public:
   ValueArray6(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6) : v1_(v1), v2_(v2),
       v3_(v3), v4_(v4), v5_(v5), v6_(v6) {}
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
  private:
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
   void operator=(const ValueArray6& other);
 
   const T1 v1_;
@@ -201,17 +209,19 @@ template <typename T1, typename T2, type
     typename T6, typename T7>
 class ValueArray7 {
  public:
   ValueArray7(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7) : v1_(v1),
       v2_(v2), v3_(v3), v4_(v4), v5_(v5), v6_(v6), v7_(v7) {}
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
  private:
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
   void operator=(const ValueArray7& other);
 
   const T1 v1_;
@@ -228,17 +238,19 @@ template <typename T1, typename T2, type
 class ValueArray8 {
  public:
   ValueArray8(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7,
       T8 v8) : v1_(v1), v2_(v2), v3_(v3), v4_(v4), v5_(v5), v6_(v6), v7_(v7),
       v8_(v8) {}
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
  private:
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
   void operator=(const ValueArray8& other);
 
   const T1 v1_;
@@ -256,17 +268,20 @@ template <typename T1, typename T2, type
 class ValueArray9 {
  public:
   ValueArray9(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8,
       T9 v9) : v1_(v1), v2_(v2), v3_(v3), v4_(v4), v5_(v5), v6_(v6), v7_(v7),
       v8_(v8), v9_(v9) {}
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
  private:
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
   void operator=(const ValueArray9& other);
 
   const T1 v1_;
@@ -285,17 +300,20 @@ template <typename T1, typename T2, type
 class ValueArray10 {
  public:
   ValueArray10(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
       T10 v10) : v1_(v1), v2_(v2), v3_(v3), v4_(v4), v5_(v5), v6_(v6), v7_(v7),
       v8_(v8), v9_(v9), v10_(v10) {}
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
  private:
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
   void operator=(const ValueArray10& other);
 
   const T1 v1_;
@@ -316,17 +334,20 @@ template <typename T1, typename T2, type
 class ValueArray11 {
  public:
   ValueArray11(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
       T10 v10, T11 v11) : v1_(v1), v2_(v2), v3_(v3), v4_(v4), v5_(v5), v6_(v6),
       v7_(v7), v8_(v8), v9_(v9), v10_(v10), v11_(v11) {}
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
  private:
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
   void operator=(const ValueArray11& other);
 
   const T1 v1_;
@@ -348,18 +369,21 @@ template <typename T1, typename T2, type
 class ValueArray12 {
  public:
   ValueArray12(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
       T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12) : v1_(v1), v2_(v2), v3_(v3), v4_(v4), v5_(v5),
       v6_(v6), v7_(v7), v8_(v8), v9_(v9), v10_(v10), v11_(v11), v12_(v12) {}
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
  private:
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
   void operator=(const ValueArray12& other);
 
   const T1 v1_;
@@ -383,18 +407,21 @@ class ValueArray13 {
  public:
   ValueArray13(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
       T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13) : v1_(v1), v2_(v2), v3_(v3), v4_(v4),
       v5_(v5), v6_(v6), v7_(v7), v8_(v8), v9_(v9), v10_(v10), v11_(v11),
       v12_(v12), v13_(v13) {}
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_, v13_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
  private:
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
   void operator=(const ValueArray13& other);
 
   const T1 v1_;
@@ -419,18 +446,21 @@ class ValueArray14 {
  public:
   ValueArray14(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
       T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14) : v1_(v1), v2_(v2), v3_(v3),
       v4_(v4), v5_(v5), v6_(v6), v7_(v7), v8_(v8), v9_(v9), v10_(v10),
       v11_(v11), v12_(v12), v13_(v13), v14_(v14) {}
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_, v13_, v14_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
  private:
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
   void operator=(const ValueArray14& other);
 
   const T1 v1_;
@@ -456,18 +486,22 @@ class ValueArray15 {
  public:
   ValueArray15(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
       T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15) : v1_(v1), v2_(v2),
       v3_(v3), v4_(v4), v5_(v5), v6_(v6), v7_(v7), v8_(v8), v9_(v9), v10_(v10),
       v11_(v11), v12_(v12), v13_(v13), v14_(v14), v15_(v15) {}
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_, v13_, v14_, v15_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
  private:
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
   void operator=(const ValueArray15& other);
 
   const T1 v1_;
@@ -496,18 +530,22 @@ class ValueArray16 {
   ValueArray16(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
       T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16) : v1_(v1),
       v2_(v2), v3_(v3), v4_(v4), v5_(v5), v6_(v6), v7_(v7), v8_(v8), v9_(v9),
       v10_(v10), v11_(v11), v12_(v12), v13_(v13), v14_(v14), v15_(v15),
       v16_(v16) {}
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_, v13_, v14_, v15_, v16_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
  private:
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
   void operator=(const ValueArray16& other);
 
   const T1 v1_;
@@ -537,18 +575,22 @@ class ValueArray17 {
   ValueArray17(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
       T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16,
       T17 v17) : v1_(v1), v2_(v2), v3_(v3), v4_(v4), v5_(v5), v6_(v6), v7_(v7),
       v8_(v8), v9_(v9), v10_(v10), v11_(v11), v12_(v12), v13_(v13), v14_(v14),
       v15_(v15), v16_(v16), v17_(v17) {}
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_, v13_, v14_, v15_, v16_, v17_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
  private:
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
   void operator=(const ValueArray17& other);
 
   const T1 v1_;
@@ -579,18 +621,23 @@ class ValueArray18 {
   ValueArray18(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
       T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17,
       T18 v18) : v1_(v1), v2_(v2), v3_(v3), v4_(v4), v5_(v5), v6_(v6), v7_(v7),
       v8_(v8), v9_(v9), v10_(v10), v11_(v11), v12_(v12), v13_(v13), v14_(v14),
       v15_(v15), v16_(v16), v17_(v17), v18_(v18) {}
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_, v13_, v14_, v15_, v16_, v17_, v18_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
  private:
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
   void operator=(const ValueArray18& other);
 
   const T1 v1_;
@@ -622,18 +669,23 @@ class ValueArray19 {
   ValueArray19(T1 v1, T2 v2, T3 v3, T4 v4, T5 v5, T6 v6, T7 v7, T8 v8, T9 v9,
       T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17,
       T18 v18, T19 v19) : v1_(v1), v2_(v2), v3_(v3), v4_(v4), v5_(v5), v6_(v6),
       v7_(v7), v8_(v8), v9_(v9), v10_(v10), v11_(v11), v12_(v12), v13_(v13),
       v14_(v14), v15_(v15), v16_(v16), v17_(v17), v18_(v18), v19_(v19) {}
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_, v13_, v14_, v15_, v16_, v17_, v18_, v19_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
  private:
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
   void operator=(const ValueArray19& other);
 
   const T1 v1_;
@@ -667,18 +719,23 @@ class ValueArray20 {
       T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17,
       T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20) : v1_(v1), v2_(v2), v3_(v3), v4_(v4), v5_(v5),
       v6_(v6), v7_(v7), v8_(v8), v9_(v9), v10_(v10), v11_(v11), v12_(v12),
       v13_(v13), v14_(v14), v15_(v15), v16_(v16), v17_(v17), v18_(v18),
       v19_(v19), v20_(v20) {}
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_, v13_, v14_, v15_, v16_, v17_, v18_, v19_, v20_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
  private:
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
   void operator=(const ValueArray20& other);
 
   const T1 v1_;
@@ -714,18 +771,24 @@ class ValueArray21 {
       T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17,
       T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20, T21 v21) : v1_(v1), v2_(v2), v3_(v3), v4_(v4),
       v5_(v5), v6_(v6), v7_(v7), v8_(v8), v9_(v9), v10_(v10), v11_(v11),
       v12_(v12), v13_(v13), v14_(v14), v15_(v15), v16_(v16), v17_(v17),
       v18_(v18), v19_(v19), v20_(v20), v21_(v21) {}
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_, v13_, v14_, v15_, v16_, v17_, v18_, v19_, v20_, v21_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
  private:
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
   void operator=(const ValueArray21& other);
 
   const T1 v1_;
@@ -762,18 +825,24 @@ class ValueArray22 {
       T10 v10, T11 v11, T12 v12, T13 v13, T14 v14, T15 v15, T16 v16, T17 v17,
       T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20, T21 v21, T22 v22) : v1_(v1), v2_(v2), v3_(v3),
       v4_(v4), v5_(v5), v6_(v6), v7_(v7), v8_(v8), v9_(v9), v10_(v10),
       v11_(v11), v12_(v12), v13_(v13), v14_(v14), v15_(v15), v16_(v16),
       v17_(v17), v18_(v18), v19_(v19), v20_(v20), v21_(v21), v22_(v22) {}
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_, v13_, v14_, v15_, v16_, v17_, v18_, v19_, v20_, v21_, v22_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
  private:
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
   void operator=(const ValueArray22& other);
 
   const T1 v1_;
@@ -812,19 +881,24 @@ class ValueArray23 {
       T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20, T21 v21, T22 v22, T23 v23) : v1_(v1), v2_(v2),
       v3_(v3), v4_(v4), v5_(v5), v6_(v6), v7_(v7), v8_(v8), v9_(v9), v10_(v10),
       v11_(v11), v12_(v12), v13_(v13), v14_(v14), v15_(v15), v16_(v16),
       v17_(v17), v18_(v18), v19_(v19), v20_(v20), v21_(v21), v22_(v22),
       v23_(v23) {}
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_, v13_, v14_, v15_, v16_, v17_, v18_, v19_, v20_, v21_, v22_,
-        v23_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
  private:
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
   void operator=(const ValueArray23& other);
 
   const T1 v1_;
@@ -864,19 +938,25 @@ class ValueArray24 {
       T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20, T21 v21, T22 v22, T23 v23, T24 v24) : v1_(v1),
       v2_(v2), v3_(v3), v4_(v4), v5_(v5), v6_(v6), v7_(v7), v8_(v8), v9_(v9),
       v10_(v10), v11_(v11), v12_(v12), v13_(v13), v14_(v14), v15_(v15),
       v16_(v16), v17_(v17), v18_(v18), v19_(v19), v20_(v20), v21_(v21),
       v22_(v22), v23_(v23), v24_(v24) {}
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_, v13_, v14_, v15_, v16_, v17_, v18_, v19_, v20_, v21_, v22_, v23_,
-        v24_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
+        static_cast<T>(v24_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
  private:
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
   void operator=(const ValueArray24& other);
 
   const T1 v1_;
@@ -917,19 +997,25 @@ class ValueArray25 {
       T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20, T21 v21, T22 v22, T23 v23, T24 v24,
       T25 v25) : v1_(v1), v2_(v2), v3_(v3), v4_(v4), v5_(v5), v6_(v6), v7_(v7),
       v8_(v8), v9_(v9), v10_(v10), v11_(v11), v12_(v12), v13_(v13), v14_(v14),
       v15_(v15), v16_(v16), v17_(v17), v18_(v18), v19_(v19), v20_(v20),
       v21_(v21), v22_(v22), v23_(v23), v24_(v24), v25_(v25) {}
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_, v13_, v14_, v15_, v16_, v17_, v18_, v19_, v20_, v21_, v22_, v23_,
-        v24_, v25_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
+        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
  private:
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
   void operator=(const ValueArray25& other);
 
   const T1 v1_;
@@ -972,19 +1058,25 @@ class ValueArray26 {
       T18 v18, T19 v19, T20 v20, T21 v21, T22 v22, T23 v23, T24 v24, T25 v25,
       T26 v26) : v1_(v1), v2_(v2), v3_(v3), v4_(v4), v5_(v5), v6_(v6), v7_(v7),
       v8_(v8), v9_(v9), v10_(v10), v11_(v11), v12_(v12), v13_(v13), v14_(v14),
       v15_(v15), v16_(v16), v17_(v17), v18_(v18), v19_(v19), v20_(v20),
       v21_(v21), v22_(v22), v23_(v23), v24_(v24), v25_(v25), v26_(v26) {}
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_, v13_, v14_, v15_, v16_, v17_, v18_, v19_, v20_, v21_, v22_, v23_,
-        v24_, v25_, v26_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
+        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
  private:
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
   void operator=(const ValueArray26& other);
 
   const T1 v1_;
@@ -1029,19 +1121,26 @@ class ValueArray27 {
       T26 v26, T27 v27) : v1_(v1), v2_(v2), v3_(v3), v4_(v4), v5_(v5), v6_(v6),
       v7_(v7), v8_(v8), v9_(v9), v10_(v10), v11_(v11), v12_(v12), v13_(v13),
       v14_(v14), v15_(v15), v16_(v16), v17_(v17), v18_(v18), v19_(v19),
       v20_(v20), v21_(v21), v22_(v22), v23_(v23), v24_(v24), v25_(v25),
       v26_(v26), v27_(v27) {}
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_, v13_, v14_, v15_, v16_, v17_, v18_, v19_, v20_, v21_, v22_, v23_,
-        v24_, v25_, v26_, v27_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
+        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
+        static_cast<T>(v27_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
  private:
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
   void operator=(const ValueArray27& other);
 
   const T1 v1_;
@@ -1087,19 +1186,26 @@ class ValueArray28 {
       T26 v26, T27 v27, T28 v28) : v1_(v1), v2_(v2), v3_(v3), v4_(v4), v5_(v5),
       v6_(v6), v7_(v7), v8_(v8), v9_(v9), v10_(v10), v11_(v11), v12_(v12),
       v13_(v13), v14_(v14), v15_(v15), v16_(v16), v17_(v17), v18_(v18),
       v19_(v19), v20_(v20), v21_(v21), v22_(v22), v23_(v23), v24_(v24),
       v25_(v25), v26_(v26), v27_(v27), v28_(v28) {}
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_, v13_, v14_, v15_, v16_, v17_, v18_, v19_, v20_, v21_, v22_, v23_,
-        v24_, v25_, v26_, v27_, v28_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
+        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
+        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
  private:
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
   void operator=(const ValueArray28& other);
 
   const T1 v1_;
@@ -1146,19 +1252,26 @@ class ValueArray29 {
       T26 v26, T27 v27, T28 v28, T29 v29) : v1_(v1), v2_(v2), v3_(v3), v4_(v4),
       v5_(v5), v6_(v6), v7_(v7), v8_(v8), v9_(v9), v10_(v10), v11_(v11),
       v12_(v12), v13_(v13), v14_(v14), v15_(v15), v16_(v16), v17_(v17),
       v18_(v18), v19_(v19), v20_(v20), v21_(v21), v22_(v22), v23_(v23),
       v24_(v24), v25_(v25), v26_(v26), v27_(v27), v28_(v28), v29_(v29) {}
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_, v13_, v14_, v15_, v16_, v17_, v18_, v19_, v20_, v21_, v22_, v23_,
-        v24_, v25_, v26_, v27_, v28_, v29_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
+        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
+        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_), static_cast<T>(v29_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
  private:
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
   void operator=(const ValueArray29& other);
 
   const T1 v1_;
@@ -1207,19 +1320,27 @@ class ValueArray30 {
       v4_(v4), v5_(v5), v6_(v6), v7_(v7), v8_(v8), v9_(v9), v10_(v10),
       v11_(v11), v12_(v12), v13_(v13), v14_(v14), v15_(v15), v16_(v16),
       v17_(v17), v18_(v18), v19_(v19), v20_(v20), v21_(v21), v22_(v22),
       v23_(v23), v24_(v24), v25_(v25), v26_(v26), v27_(v27), v28_(v28),
       v29_(v29), v30_(v30) {}
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_, v13_, v14_, v15_, v16_, v17_, v18_, v19_, v20_, v21_, v22_, v23_,
-        v24_, v25_, v26_, v27_, v28_, v29_, v30_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
+        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
+        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_), static_cast<T>(v29_),
+        static_cast<T>(v30_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
  private:
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
   void operator=(const ValueArray30& other);
 
   const T1 v1_;
@@ -1270,19 +1391,27 @@ class ValueArray31 {
       v3_(v3), v4_(v4), v5_(v5), v6_(v6), v7_(v7), v8_(v8), v9_(v9), v10_(v10),
       v11_(v11), v12_(v12), v13_(v13), v14_(v14), v15_(v15), v16_(v16),
       v17_(v17), v18_(v18), v19_(v19), v20_(v20), v21_(v21), v22_(v22),
       v23_(v23), v24_(v24), v25_(v25), v26_(v26), v27_(v27), v28_(v28),
       v29_(v29), v30_(v30), v31_(v31) {}
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_, v13_, v14_, v15_, v16_, v17_, v18_, v19_, v20_, v21_, v22_, v23_,
-        v24_, v25_, v26_, v27_, v28_, v29_, v30_, v31_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
+        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
+        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_), static_cast<T>(v29_),
+        static_cast<T>(v30_), static_cast<T>(v31_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
  private:
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
   void operator=(const ValueArray31& other);
 
   const T1 v1_;
@@ -1334,19 +1463,27 @@ class ValueArray32 {
       v2_(v2), v3_(v3), v4_(v4), v5_(v5), v6_(v6), v7_(v7), v8_(v8), v9_(v9),
       v10_(v10), v11_(v11), v12_(v12), v13_(v13), v14_(v14), v15_(v15),
       v16_(v16), v17_(v17), v18_(v18), v19_(v19), v20_(v20), v21_(v21),
       v22_(v22), v23_(v23), v24_(v24), v25_(v25), v26_(v26), v27_(v27),
       v28_(v28), v29_(v29), v30_(v30), v31_(v31), v32_(v32) {}
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_, v13_, v14_, v15_, v16_, v17_, v18_, v19_, v20_, v21_, v22_, v23_,
-        v24_, v25_, v26_, v27_, v28_, v29_, v30_, v31_, v32_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
+        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
+        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_), static_cast<T>(v29_),
+        static_cast<T>(v30_), static_cast<T>(v31_), static_cast<T>(v32_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
  private:
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
   void operator=(const ValueArray32& other);
 
   const T1 v1_;
@@ -1400,19 +1537,28 @@ class ValueArray33 {
       v8_(v8), v9_(v9), v10_(v10), v11_(v11), v12_(v12), v13_(v13), v14_(v14),
       v15_(v15), v16_(v16), v17_(v17), v18_(v18), v19_(v19), v20_(v20),
       v21_(v21), v22_(v22), v23_(v23), v24_(v24), v25_(v25), v26_(v26),
       v27_(v27), v28_(v28), v29_(v29), v30_(v30), v31_(v31), v32_(v32),
       v33_(v33) {}
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_, v13_, v14_, v15_, v16_, v17_, v18_, v19_, v20_, v21_, v22_, v23_,
-        v24_, v25_, v26_, v27_, v28_, v29_, v30_, v31_, v32_, v33_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
+        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
+        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_), static_cast<T>(v29_),
+        static_cast<T>(v30_), static_cast<T>(v31_), static_cast<T>(v32_),
+        static_cast<T>(v33_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
  private:
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
   void operator=(const ValueArray33& other);
 
   const T1 v1_;
@@ -1467,19 +1613,28 @@ class ValueArray34 {
       v8_(v8), v9_(v9), v10_(v10), v11_(v11), v12_(v12), v13_(v13), v14_(v14),
       v15_(v15), v16_(v16), v17_(v17), v18_(v18), v19_(v19), v20_(v20),
       v21_(v21), v22_(v22), v23_(v23), v24_(v24), v25_(v25), v26_(v26),
       v27_(v27), v28_(v28), v29_(v29), v30_(v30), v31_(v31), v32_(v32),
       v33_(v33), v34_(v34) {}
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_, v13_, v14_, v15_, v16_, v17_, v18_, v19_, v20_, v21_, v22_, v23_,
-        v24_, v25_, v26_, v27_, v28_, v29_, v30_, v31_, v32_, v33_, v34_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
+        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
+        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_), static_cast<T>(v29_),
+        static_cast<T>(v30_), static_cast<T>(v31_), static_cast<T>(v32_),
+        static_cast<T>(v33_), static_cast<T>(v34_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
  private:
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
   void operator=(const ValueArray34& other);
 
   const T1 v1_;
@@ -1535,20 +1690,28 @@ class ValueArray35 {
       v7_(v7), v8_(v8), v9_(v9), v10_(v10), v11_(v11), v12_(v12), v13_(v13),
       v14_(v14), v15_(v15), v16_(v16), v17_(v17), v18_(v18), v19_(v19),
       v20_(v20), v21_(v21), v22_(v22), v23_(v23), v24_(v24), v25_(v25),
       v26_(v26), v27_(v27), v28_(v28), v29_(v29), v30_(v30), v31_(v31),
       v32_(v32), v33_(v33), v34_(v34), v35_(v35) {}
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_, v13_, v14_, v15_, v16_, v17_, v18_, v19_, v20_, v21_, v22_, v23_,
-        v24_, v25_, v26_, v27_, v28_, v29_, v30_, v31_, v32_, v33_, v34_,
-        v35_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
+        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
+        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_), static_cast<T>(v29_),
+        static_cast<T>(v30_), static_cast<T>(v31_), static_cast<T>(v32_),
+        static_cast<T>(v33_), static_cast<T>(v34_), static_cast<T>(v35_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
  private:
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
   void operator=(const ValueArray35& other);
 
   const T1 v1_;
@@ -1606,20 +1769,29 @@ class ValueArray36 {
       v6_(v6), v7_(v7), v8_(v8), v9_(v9), v10_(v10), v11_(v11), v12_(v12),
       v13_(v13), v14_(v14), v15_(v15), v16_(v16), v17_(v17), v18_(v18),
       v19_(v19), v20_(v20), v21_(v21), v22_(v22), v23_(v23), v24_(v24),
       v25_(v25), v26_(v26), v27_(v27), v28_(v28), v29_(v29), v30_(v30),
       v31_(v31), v32_(v32), v33_(v33), v34_(v34), v35_(v35), v36_(v36) {}
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_, v13_, v14_, v15_, v16_, v17_, v18_, v19_, v20_, v21_, v22_, v23_,
-        v24_, v25_, v26_, v27_, v28_, v29_, v30_, v31_, v32_, v33_, v34_, v35_,
-        v36_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
+        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
+        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_), static_cast<T>(v29_),
+        static_cast<T>(v30_), static_cast<T>(v31_), static_cast<T>(v32_),
+        static_cast<T>(v33_), static_cast<T>(v34_), static_cast<T>(v35_),
+        static_cast<T>(v36_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
  private:
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
   void operator=(const ValueArray36& other);
 
   const T1 v1_;
@@ -1679,20 +1851,29 @@ class ValueArray37 {
       v12_(v12), v13_(v13), v14_(v14), v15_(v15), v16_(v16), v17_(v17),
       v18_(v18), v19_(v19), v20_(v20), v21_(v21), v22_(v22), v23_(v23),
       v24_(v24), v25_(v25), v26_(v26), v27_(v27), v28_(v28), v29_(v29),
       v30_(v30), v31_(v31), v32_(v32), v33_(v33), v34_(v34), v35_(v35),
       v36_(v36), v37_(v37) {}
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_, v13_, v14_, v15_, v16_, v17_, v18_, v19_, v20_, v21_, v22_, v23_,
-        v24_, v25_, v26_, v27_, v28_, v29_, v30_, v31_, v32_, v33_, v34_, v35_,
-        v36_, v37_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
+        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
+        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_), static_cast<T>(v29_),
+        static_cast<T>(v30_), static_cast<T>(v31_), static_cast<T>(v32_),
+        static_cast<T>(v33_), static_cast<T>(v34_), static_cast<T>(v35_),
+        static_cast<T>(v36_), static_cast<T>(v37_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
  private:
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
   void operator=(const ValueArray37& other);
 
   const T1 v1_;
@@ -1753,20 +1934,29 @@ class ValueArray38 {
       v11_(v11), v12_(v12), v13_(v13), v14_(v14), v15_(v15), v16_(v16),
       v17_(v17), v18_(v18), v19_(v19), v20_(v20), v21_(v21), v22_(v22),
       v23_(v23), v24_(v24), v25_(v25), v26_(v26), v27_(v27), v28_(v28),
       v29_(v29), v30_(v30), v31_(v31), v32_(v32), v33_(v33), v34_(v34),
       v35_(v35), v36_(v36), v37_(v37), v38_(v38) {}
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_, v13_, v14_, v15_, v16_, v17_, v18_, v19_, v20_, v21_, v22_, v23_,
-        v24_, v25_, v26_, v27_, v28_, v29_, v30_, v31_, v32_, v33_, v34_, v35_,
-        v36_, v37_, v38_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
+        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
+        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_), static_cast<T>(v29_),
+        static_cast<T>(v30_), static_cast<T>(v31_), static_cast<T>(v32_),
+        static_cast<T>(v33_), static_cast<T>(v34_), static_cast<T>(v35_),
+        static_cast<T>(v36_), static_cast<T>(v37_), static_cast<T>(v38_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
  private:
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
   void operator=(const ValueArray38& other);
 
   const T1 v1_;
@@ -1828,20 +2018,30 @@ class ValueArray39 {
       v11_(v11), v12_(v12), v13_(v13), v14_(v14), v15_(v15), v16_(v16),
       v17_(v17), v18_(v18), v19_(v19), v20_(v20), v21_(v21), v22_(v22),
       v23_(v23), v24_(v24), v25_(v25), v26_(v26), v27_(v27), v28_(v28),
       v29_(v29), v30_(v30), v31_(v31), v32_(v32), v33_(v33), v34_(v34),
       v35_(v35), v36_(v36), v37_(v37), v38_(v38), v39_(v39) {}
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_, v13_, v14_, v15_, v16_, v17_, v18_, v19_, v20_, v21_, v22_, v23_,
-        v24_, v25_, v26_, v27_, v28_, v29_, v30_, v31_, v32_, v33_, v34_, v35_,
-        v36_, v37_, v38_, v39_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
+        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
+        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_), static_cast<T>(v29_),
+        static_cast<T>(v30_), static_cast<T>(v31_), static_cast<T>(v32_),
+        static_cast<T>(v33_), static_cast<T>(v34_), static_cast<T>(v35_),
+        static_cast<T>(v36_), static_cast<T>(v37_), static_cast<T>(v38_),
+        static_cast<T>(v39_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
  private:
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
   void operator=(const ValueArray39& other);
 
   const T1 v1_;
@@ -1905,20 +2105,30 @@ class ValueArray40 {
       v16_(v16), v17_(v17), v18_(v18), v19_(v19), v20_(v20), v21_(v21),
       v22_(v22), v23_(v23), v24_(v24), v25_(v25), v26_(v26), v27_(v27),
       v28_(v28), v29_(v29), v30_(v30), v31_(v31), v32_(v32), v33_(v33),
       v34_(v34), v35_(v35), v36_(v36), v37_(v37), v38_(v38), v39_(v39),
       v40_(v40) {}
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_, v13_, v14_, v15_, v16_, v17_, v18_, v19_, v20_, v21_, v22_, v23_,
-        v24_, v25_, v26_, v27_, v28_, v29_, v30_, v31_, v32_, v33_, v34_, v35_,
-        v36_, v37_, v38_, v39_, v40_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
+        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
+        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_), static_cast<T>(v29_),
+        static_cast<T>(v30_), static_cast<T>(v31_), static_cast<T>(v32_),
+        static_cast<T>(v33_), static_cast<T>(v34_), static_cast<T>(v35_),
+        static_cast<T>(v36_), static_cast<T>(v37_), static_cast<T>(v38_),
+        static_cast<T>(v39_), static_cast<T>(v40_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
  private:
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
   void operator=(const ValueArray40& other);
 
   const T1 v1_;
@@ -1984,20 +2194,30 @@ class ValueArray41 {
       v15_(v15), v16_(v16), v17_(v17), v18_(v18), v19_(v19), v20_(v20),
       v21_(v21), v22_(v22), v23_(v23), v24_(v24), v25_(v25), v26_(v26),
       v27_(v27), v28_(v28), v29_(v29), v30_(v30), v31_(v31), v32_(v32),
       v33_(v33), v34_(v34), v35_(v35), v36_(v36), v37_(v37), v38_(v38),
       v39_(v39), v40_(v40), v41_(v41) {}
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_, v13_, v14_, v15_, v16_, v17_, v18_, v19_, v20_, v21_, v22_, v23_,
-        v24_, v25_, v26_, v27_, v28_, v29_, v30_, v31_, v32_, v33_, v34_, v35_,
-        v36_, v37_, v38_, v39_, v40_, v41_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
+        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
+        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_), static_cast<T>(v29_),
+        static_cast<T>(v30_), static_cast<T>(v31_), static_cast<T>(v32_),
+        static_cast<T>(v33_), static_cast<T>(v34_), static_cast<T>(v35_),
+        static_cast<T>(v36_), static_cast<T>(v37_), static_cast<T>(v38_),
+        static_cast<T>(v39_), static_cast<T>(v40_), static_cast<T>(v41_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
  private:
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
   void operator=(const ValueArray41& other);
 
   const T1 v1_;
@@ -2064,20 +2284,31 @@ class ValueArray42 {
       v15_(v15), v16_(v16), v17_(v17), v18_(v18), v19_(v19), v20_(v20),
       v21_(v21), v22_(v22), v23_(v23), v24_(v24), v25_(v25), v26_(v26),
       v27_(v27), v28_(v28), v29_(v29), v30_(v30), v31_(v31), v32_(v32),
       v33_(v33), v34_(v34), v35_(v35), v36_(v36), v37_(v37), v38_(v38),
       v39_(v39), v40_(v40), v41_(v41), v42_(v42) {}
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_, v13_, v14_, v15_, v16_, v17_, v18_, v19_, v20_, v21_, v22_, v23_,
-        v24_, v25_, v26_, v27_, v28_, v29_, v30_, v31_, v32_, v33_, v34_, v35_,
-        v36_, v37_, v38_, v39_, v40_, v41_, v42_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
+        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
+        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_), static_cast<T>(v29_),
+        static_cast<T>(v30_), static_cast<T>(v31_), static_cast<T>(v32_),
+        static_cast<T>(v33_), static_cast<T>(v34_), static_cast<T>(v35_),
+        static_cast<T>(v36_), static_cast<T>(v37_), static_cast<T>(v38_),
+        static_cast<T>(v39_), static_cast<T>(v40_), static_cast<T>(v41_),
+        static_cast<T>(v42_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
  private:
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
   void operator=(const ValueArray42& other);
 
   const T1 v1_;
@@ -2145,20 +2376,31 @@ class ValueArray43 {
       v14_(v14), v15_(v15), v16_(v16), v17_(v17), v18_(v18), v19_(v19),
       v20_(v20), v21_(v21), v22_(v22), v23_(v23), v24_(v24), v25_(v25),
       v26_(v26), v27_(v27), v28_(v28), v29_(v29), v30_(v30), v31_(v31),
       v32_(v32), v33_(v33), v34_(v34), v35_(v35), v36_(v36), v37_(v37),
       v38_(v38), v39_(v39), v40_(v40), v41_(v41), v42_(v42), v43_(v43) {}
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_, v13_, v14_, v15_, v16_, v17_, v18_, v19_, v20_, v21_, v22_, v23_,
-        v24_, v25_, v26_, v27_, v28_, v29_, v30_, v31_, v32_, v33_, v34_, v35_,
-        v36_, v37_, v38_, v39_, v40_, v41_, v42_, v43_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
+        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
+        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_), static_cast<T>(v29_),
+        static_cast<T>(v30_), static_cast<T>(v31_), static_cast<T>(v32_),
+        static_cast<T>(v33_), static_cast<T>(v34_), static_cast<T>(v35_),
+        static_cast<T>(v36_), static_cast<T>(v37_), static_cast<T>(v38_),
+        static_cast<T>(v39_), static_cast<T>(v40_), static_cast<T>(v41_),
+        static_cast<T>(v42_), static_cast<T>(v43_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
  private:
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
   void operator=(const ValueArray43& other);
 
   const T1 v1_;
@@ -2228,20 +2470,31 @@ class ValueArray44 {
       v19_(v19), v20_(v20), v21_(v21), v22_(v22), v23_(v23), v24_(v24),
       v25_(v25), v26_(v26), v27_(v27), v28_(v28), v29_(v29), v30_(v30),
       v31_(v31), v32_(v32), v33_(v33), v34_(v34), v35_(v35), v36_(v36),
       v37_(v37), v38_(v38), v39_(v39), v40_(v40), v41_(v41), v42_(v42),
       v43_(v43), v44_(v44) {}
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_, v13_, v14_, v15_, v16_, v17_, v18_, v19_, v20_, v21_, v22_, v23_,
-        v24_, v25_, v26_, v27_, v28_, v29_, v30_, v31_, v32_, v33_, v34_, v35_,
-        v36_, v37_, v38_, v39_, v40_, v41_, v42_, v43_, v44_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
+        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
+        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_), static_cast<T>(v29_),
+        static_cast<T>(v30_), static_cast<T>(v31_), static_cast<T>(v32_),
+        static_cast<T>(v33_), static_cast<T>(v34_), static_cast<T>(v35_),
+        static_cast<T>(v36_), static_cast<T>(v37_), static_cast<T>(v38_),
+        static_cast<T>(v39_), static_cast<T>(v40_), static_cast<T>(v41_),
+        static_cast<T>(v42_), static_cast<T>(v43_), static_cast<T>(v44_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
  private:
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
   void operator=(const ValueArray44& other);
 
   const T1 v1_;
@@ -2312,20 +2565,32 @@ class ValueArray45 {
       v18_(v18), v19_(v19), v20_(v20), v21_(v21), v22_(v22), v23_(v23),
       v24_(v24), v25_(v25), v26_(v26), v27_(v27), v28_(v28), v29_(v29),
       v30_(v30), v31_(v31), v32_(v32), v33_(v33), v34_(v34), v35_(v35),
       v36_(v36), v37_(v37), v38_(v38), v39_(v39), v40_(v40), v41_(v41),
       v42_(v42), v43_(v43), v44_(v44), v45_(v45) {}
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_, v13_, v14_, v15_, v16_, v17_, v18_, v19_, v20_, v21_, v22_, v23_,
-        v24_, v25_, v26_, v27_, v28_, v29_, v30_, v31_, v32_, v33_, v34_, v35_,
-        v36_, v37_, v38_, v39_, v40_, v41_, v42_, v43_, v44_, v45_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
+        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
+        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_), static_cast<T>(v29_),
+        static_cast<T>(v30_), static_cast<T>(v31_), static_cast<T>(v32_),
+        static_cast<T>(v33_), static_cast<T>(v34_), static_cast<T>(v35_),
+        static_cast<T>(v36_), static_cast<T>(v37_), static_cast<T>(v38_),
+        static_cast<T>(v39_), static_cast<T>(v40_), static_cast<T>(v41_),
+        static_cast<T>(v42_), static_cast<T>(v43_), static_cast<T>(v44_),
+        static_cast<T>(v45_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
  private:
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
   void operator=(const ValueArray45& other);
 
   const T1 v1_;
@@ -2398,20 +2663,32 @@ class ValueArray46 {
       v17_(v17), v18_(v18), v19_(v19), v20_(v20), v21_(v21), v22_(v22),
       v23_(v23), v24_(v24), v25_(v25), v26_(v26), v27_(v27), v28_(v28),
       v29_(v29), v30_(v30), v31_(v31), v32_(v32), v33_(v33), v34_(v34),
       v35_(v35), v36_(v36), v37_(v37), v38_(v38), v39_(v39), v40_(v40),
       v41_(v41), v42_(v42), v43_(v43), v44_(v44), v45_(v45), v46_(v46) {}
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_, v13_, v14_, v15_, v16_, v17_, v18_, v19_, v20_, v21_, v22_, v23_,
-        v24_, v25_, v26_, v27_, v28_, v29_, v30_, v31_, v32_, v33_, v34_, v35_,
-        v36_, v37_, v38_, v39_, v40_, v41_, v42_, v43_, v44_, v45_, v46_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
+        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
+        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_), static_cast<T>(v29_),
+        static_cast<T>(v30_), static_cast<T>(v31_), static_cast<T>(v32_),
+        static_cast<T>(v33_), static_cast<T>(v34_), static_cast<T>(v35_),
+        static_cast<T>(v36_), static_cast<T>(v37_), static_cast<T>(v38_),
+        static_cast<T>(v39_), static_cast<T>(v40_), static_cast<T>(v41_),
+        static_cast<T>(v42_), static_cast<T>(v43_), static_cast<T>(v44_),
+        static_cast<T>(v45_), static_cast<T>(v46_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
  private:
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
   void operator=(const ValueArray46& other);
 
   const T1 v1_;
@@ -2486,21 +2763,32 @@ class ValueArray47 {
       v23_(v23), v24_(v24), v25_(v25), v26_(v26), v27_(v27), v28_(v28),
       v29_(v29), v30_(v30), v31_(v31), v32_(v32), v33_(v33), v34_(v34),
       v35_(v35), v36_(v36), v37_(v37), v38_(v38), v39_(v39), v40_(v40),
       v41_(v41), v42_(v42), v43_(v43), v44_(v44), v45_(v45), v46_(v46),
       v47_(v47) {}
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_, v13_, v14_, v15_, v16_, v17_, v18_, v19_, v20_, v21_, v22_, v23_,
-        v24_, v25_, v26_, v27_, v28_, v29_, v30_, v31_, v32_, v33_, v34_, v35_,
-        v36_, v37_, v38_, v39_, v40_, v41_, v42_, v43_, v44_, v45_, v46_,
-        v47_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
+        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
+        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_), static_cast<T>(v29_),
+        static_cast<T>(v30_), static_cast<T>(v31_), static_cast<T>(v32_),
+        static_cast<T>(v33_), static_cast<T>(v34_), static_cast<T>(v35_),
+        static_cast<T>(v36_), static_cast<T>(v37_), static_cast<T>(v38_),
+        static_cast<T>(v39_), static_cast<T>(v40_), static_cast<T>(v41_),
+        static_cast<T>(v42_), static_cast<T>(v43_), static_cast<T>(v44_),
+        static_cast<T>(v45_), static_cast<T>(v46_), static_cast<T>(v47_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
  private:
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
   void operator=(const ValueArray47& other);
 
   const T1 v1_;
@@ -2576,21 +2864,33 @@ class ValueArray48 {
       v22_(v22), v23_(v23), v24_(v24), v25_(v25), v26_(v26), v27_(v27),
       v28_(v28), v29_(v29), v30_(v30), v31_(v31), v32_(v32), v33_(v33),
       v34_(v34), v35_(v35), v36_(v36), v37_(v37), v38_(v38), v39_(v39),
       v40_(v40), v41_(v41), v42_(v42), v43_(v43), v44_(v44), v45_(v45),
       v46_(v46), v47_(v47), v48_(v48) {}
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_, v13_, v14_, v15_, v16_, v17_, v18_, v19_, v20_, v21_, v22_, v23_,
-        v24_, v25_, v26_, v27_, v28_, v29_, v30_, v31_, v32_, v33_, v34_, v35_,
-        v36_, v37_, v38_, v39_, v40_, v41_, v42_, v43_, v44_, v45_, v46_, v47_,
-        v48_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
+        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
+        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_), static_cast<T>(v29_),
+        static_cast<T>(v30_), static_cast<T>(v31_), static_cast<T>(v32_),
+        static_cast<T>(v33_), static_cast<T>(v34_), static_cast<T>(v35_),
+        static_cast<T>(v36_), static_cast<T>(v37_), static_cast<T>(v38_),
+        static_cast<T>(v39_), static_cast<T>(v40_), static_cast<T>(v41_),
+        static_cast<T>(v42_), static_cast<T>(v43_), static_cast<T>(v44_),
+        static_cast<T>(v45_), static_cast<T>(v46_), static_cast<T>(v47_),
+        static_cast<T>(v48_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
  private:
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
   void operator=(const ValueArray48& other);
 
   const T1 v1_;
@@ -2667,21 +2967,33 @@ class ValueArray49 {
       v21_(v21), v22_(v22), v23_(v23), v24_(v24), v25_(v25), v26_(v26),
       v27_(v27), v28_(v28), v29_(v29), v30_(v30), v31_(v31), v32_(v32),
       v33_(v33), v34_(v34), v35_(v35), v36_(v36), v37_(v37), v38_(v38),
       v39_(v39), v40_(v40), v41_(v41), v42_(v42), v43_(v43), v44_(v44),
       v45_(v45), v46_(v46), v47_(v47), v48_(v48), v49_(v49) {}
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_, v13_, v14_, v15_, v16_, v17_, v18_, v19_, v20_, v21_, v22_, v23_,
-        v24_, v25_, v26_, v27_, v28_, v29_, v30_, v31_, v32_, v33_, v34_, v35_,
-        v36_, v37_, v38_, v39_, v40_, v41_, v42_, v43_, v44_, v45_, v46_, v47_,
-        v48_, v49_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
+        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
+        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_), static_cast<T>(v29_),
+        static_cast<T>(v30_), static_cast<T>(v31_), static_cast<T>(v32_),
+        static_cast<T>(v33_), static_cast<T>(v34_), static_cast<T>(v35_),
+        static_cast<T>(v36_), static_cast<T>(v37_), static_cast<T>(v38_),
+        static_cast<T>(v39_), static_cast<T>(v40_), static_cast<T>(v41_),
+        static_cast<T>(v42_), static_cast<T>(v43_), static_cast<T>(v44_),
+        static_cast<T>(v45_), static_cast<T>(v46_), static_cast<T>(v47_),
+        static_cast<T>(v48_), static_cast<T>(v49_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
  private:
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
   void operator=(const ValueArray49& other);
 
   const T1 v1_;
@@ -2759,21 +3071,33 @@ class ValueArray50 {
       v21_(v21), v22_(v22), v23_(v23), v24_(v24), v25_(v25), v26_(v26),
       v27_(v27), v28_(v28), v29_(v29), v30_(v30), v31_(v31), v32_(v32),
       v33_(v33), v34_(v34), v35_(v35), v36_(v36), v37_(v37), v38_(v38),
       v39_(v39), v40_(v40), v41_(v41), v42_(v42), v43_(v43), v44_(v44),
       v45_(v45), v46_(v46), v47_(v47), v48_(v48), v49_(v49), v50_(v50) {}
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_, v13_, v14_, v15_, v16_, v17_, v18_, v19_, v20_, v21_, v22_, v23_,
-        v24_, v25_, v26_, v27_, v28_, v29_, v30_, v31_, v32_, v33_, v34_, v35_,
-        v36_, v37_, v38_, v39_, v40_, v41_, v42_, v43_, v44_, v45_, v46_, v47_,
-        v48_, v49_, v50_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
+        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
+        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_), static_cast<T>(v29_),
+        static_cast<T>(v30_), static_cast<T>(v31_), static_cast<T>(v32_),
+        static_cast<T>(v33_), static_cast<T>(v34_), static_cast<T>(v35_),
+        static_cast<T>(v36_), static_cast<T>(v37_), static_cast<T>(v38_),
+        static_cast<T>(v39_), static_cast<T>(v40_), static_cast<T>(v41_),
+        static_cast<T>(v42_), static_cast<T>(v43_), static_cast<T>(v44_),
+        static_cast<T>(v45_), static_cast<T>(v46_), static_cast<T>(v47_),
+        static_cast<T>(v48_), static_cast<T>(v49_), static_cast<T>(v50_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
  private:
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
   void operator=(const ValueArray50& other);
 
   const T1 v1_;
@@ -2831,19 +3155,19 @@ class ValueArray50 {
 # if GTEST_HAS_COMBINE
 // INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN USER CODE.
 //
 // Generates values from the Cartesian product of values produced
 // by the argument generators.
 //
 template <typename T1, typename T2>
 class CartesianProductGenerator2
-    : public ParamGeneratorInterface< ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2> > {
+    : public ParamGeneratorInterface< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2> > {
  public:
-  typedef ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2> ParamType;
+  typedef ::testing::tuple<T1, T2> ParamType;
 
   CartesianProductGenerator2(const ParamGenerator<T1>& g1,
       const ParamGenerator<T2>& g2)
       : g1_(g1), g2_(g2) {}
   virtual ~CartesianProductGenerator2() {}
 
   virtual ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType>* Begin() const {
     return new Iterator(this, g1_, g1_.begin(), g2_, g2_.begin());
@@ -2946,19 +3270,19 @@ class CartesianProductGenerator2
 
   const ParamGenerator<T1> g1_;
   const ParamGenerator<T2> g2_;
 };  // class CartesianProductGenerator2
 
 
 template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3>
 class CartesianProductGenerator3
-    : public ParamGeneratorInterface< ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2, T3> > {
+    : public ParamGeneratorInterface< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3> > {
  public:
-  typedef ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2, T3> ParamType;
+  typedef ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3> ParamType;
 
   CartesianProductGenerator3(const ParamGenerator<T1>& g1,
       const ParamGenerator<T2>& g2, const ParamGenerator<T3>& g3)
       : g1_(g1), g2_(g2), g3_(g3) {}
   virtual ~CartesianProductGenerator3() {}
 
   virtual ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType>* Begin() const {
     return new Iterator(this, g1_, g1_.begin(), g2_, g2_.begin(), g3_,
@@ -3078,19 +3402,19 @@ class CartesianProductGenerator3
   const ParamGenerator<T1> g1_;
   const ParamGenerator<T2> g2_;
   const ParamGenerator<T3> g3_;
 };  // class CartesianProductGenerator3
 
 
 template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4>
 class CartesianProductGenerator4
-    : public ParamGeneratorInterface< ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4> > {
+    : public ParamGeneratorInterface< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4> > {
  public:
-  typedef ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4> ParamType;
+  typedef ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4> ParamType;
 
   CartesianProductGenerator4(const ParamGenerator<T1>& g1,
       const ParamGenerator<T2>& g2, const ParamGenerator<T3>& g3,
       const ParamGenerator<T4>& g4)
       : g1_(g1), g2_(g2), g3_(g3), g4_(g4) {}
   virtual ~CartesianProductGenerator4() {}
 
   virtual ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType>* Begin() const {
@@ -3229,19 +3553,19 @@ class CartesianProductGenerator4
   const ParamGenerator<T2> g2_;
   const ParamGenerator<T3> g3_;
   const ParamGenerator<T4> g4_;
 };  // class CartesianProductGenerator4
 
 
 template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5>
 class CartesianProductGenerator5
-    : public ParamGeneratorInterface< ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5> > {
+    : public ParamGeneratorInterface< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5> > {
  public:
-  typedef ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5> ParamType;
+  typedef ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5> ParamType;
 
   CartesianProductGenerator5(const ParamGenerator<T1>& g1,
       const ParamGenerator<T2>& g2, const ParamGenerator<T3>& g3,
       const ParamGenerator<T4>& g4, const ParamGenerator<T5>& g5)
       : g1_(g1), g2_(g2), g3_(g3), g4_(g4), g5_(g5) {}
   virtual ~CartesianProductGenerator5() {}
 
   virtual ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType>* Begin() const {
@@ -3397,20 +3721,20 @@ class CartesianProductGenerator5
   const ParamGenerator<T4> g4_;
   const ParamGenerator<T5> g5_;
 };  // class CartesianProductGenerator5
 
 
 template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
     typename T6>
 class CartesianProductGenerator6
-    : public ParamGeneratorInterface< ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5,
+    : public ParamGeneratorInterface< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5,
         T6> > {
  public:
-  typedef ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6> ParamType;
+  typedef ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6> ParamType;
 
   CartesianProductGenerator6(const ParamGenerator<T1>& g1,
       const ParamGenerator<T2>& g2, const ParamGenerator<T3>& g3,
       const ParamGenerator<T4>& g4, const ParamGenerator<T5>& g5,
       const ParamGenerator<T6>& g6)
       : g1_(g1), g2_(g2), g3_(g3), g4_(g4), g5_(g5), g6_(g6) {}
   virtual ~CartesianProductGenerator6() {}
 
@@ -3583,20 +3907,20 @@ class CartesianProductGenerator6
   const ParamGenerator<T5> g5_;
   const ParamGenerator<T6> g6_;
 };  // class CartesianProductGenerator6
 
 
 template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
     typename T6, typename T7>
 class CartesianProductGenerator7
-    : public ParamGeneratorInterface< ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6,
+    : public ParamGeneratorInterface< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6,
         T7> > {
  public:
-  typedef ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7> ParamType;
+  typedef ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7> ParamType;
 
   CartesianProductGenerator7(const ParamGenerator<T1>& g1,
       const ParamGenerator<T2>& g2, const ParamGenerator<T3>& g3,
       const ParamGenerator<T4>& g4, const ParamGenerator<T5>& g5,
       const ParamGenerator<T6>& g6, const ParamGenerator<T7>& g7)
       : g1_(g1), g2_(g2), g3_(g3), g4_(g4), g5_(g5), g6_(g6), g7_(g7) {}
   virtual ~CartesianProductGenerator7() {}
 
@@ -3786,20 +4110,20 @@ class CartesianProductGenerator7
   const ParamGenerator<T6> g6_;
   const ParamGenerator<T7> g7_;
 };  // class CartesianProductGenerator7
 
 
 template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
     typename T6, typename T7, typename T8>
 class CartesianProductGenerator8
-    : public ParamGeneratorInterface< ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6,
+    : public ParamGeneratorInterface< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6,
         T7, T8> > {
  public:
-  typedef ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8> ParamType;
+  typedef ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8> ParamType;
 
   CartesianProductGenerator8(const ParamGenerator<T1>& g1,
       const ParamGenerator<T2>& g2, const ParamGenerator<T3>& g3,
       const ParamGenerator<T4>& g4, const ParamGenerator<T5>& g5,
       const ParamGenerator<T6>& g6, const ParamGenerator<T7>& g7,
       const ParamGenerator<T8>& g8)
       : g1_(g1), g2_(g2), g3_(g3), g4_(g4), g5_(g5), g6_(g6), g7_(g7),
           g8_(g8) {}
@@ -4008,20 +4332,20 @@ class CartesianProductGenerator8
   const ParamGenerator<T7> g7_;
   const ParamGenerator<T8> g8_;
 };  // class CartesianProductGenerator8
 
 
 template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
     typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9>
 class CartesianProductGenerator9
-    : public ParamGeneratorInterface< ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6,
+    : public ParamGeneratorInterface< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6,
         T7, T8, T9> > {
  public:
-  typedef ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9> ParamType;
+  typedef ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9> ParamType;
 
   CartesianProductGenerator9(const ParamGenerator<T1>& g1,
       const ParamGenerator<T2>& g2, const ParamGenerator<T3>& g3,
       const ParamGenerator<T4>& g4, const ParamGenerator<T5>& g5,
       const ParamGenerator<T6>& g6, const ParamGenerator<T7>& g7,
       const ParamGenerator<T8>& g8, const ParamGenerator<T9>& g9)
       : g1_(g1), g2_(g2), g3_(g3), g4_(g4), g5_(g5), g6_(g6), g7_(g7), g8_(g8),
           g9_(g9) {}
@@ -4247,20 +4571,20 @@ class CartesianProductGenerator9
   const ParamGenerator<T8> g8_;
   const ParamGenerator<T9> g9_;
 };  // class CartesianProductGenerator9
 
 
 template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
     typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10>
 class CartesianProductGenerator10
-    : public ParamGeneratorInterface< ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6,
+    : public ParamGeneratorInterface< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6,
         T7, T8, T9, T10> > {
  public:
-  typedef ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10> ParamType;
+  typedef ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10> ParamType;
 
   CartesianProductGenerator10(const ParamGenerator<T1>& g1,
       const ParamGenerator<T2>& g2, const ParamGenerator<T3>& g3,
       const ParamGenerator<T4>& g4, const ParamGenerator<T5>& g5,
       const ParamGenerator<T6>& g6, const ParamGenerator<T7>& g7,
       const ParamGenerator<T8>& g8, const ParamGenerator<T9>& g9,
       const ParamGenerator<T10>& g10)
       : g1_(g1), g2_(g2), g3_(g3), g4_(g4), g5_(g5), g6_(g6), g7_(g7), g8_(g8),
@@ -4512,18 +4836,18 @@ class CartesianProductGenerator10
 // convertible to U.
 //
 template <class Generator1, class Generator2>
 class CartesianProductHolder2 {
  public:
 CartesianProductHolder2(const Generator1& g1, const Generator2& g2)
       : g1_(g1), g2_(g2) {}
   template <typename T1, typename T2>
-  operator ParamGenerator< ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2> >() const {
-    return ParamGenerator< ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2> >(
+  operator ParamGenerator< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2> >() const {
+    return ParamGenerator< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2> >(
         new CartesianProductGenerator2<T1, T2>(
         static_cast<ParamGenerator<T1> >(g1_),
         static_cast<ParamGenerator<T2> >(g2_)));
   }
 
  private:
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
   void operator=(const CartesianProductHolder2& other);
@@ -4534,18 +4858,18 @@ CartesianProductHolder2(const Generator1
 
 template <class Generator1, class Generator2, class Generator3>
 class CartesianProductHolder3 {
  public:
 CartesianProductHolder3(const Generator1& g1, const Generator2& g2,
     const Generator3& g3)
       : g1_(g1), g2_(g2), g3_(g3) {}
   template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3>
-  operator ParamGenerator< ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2, T3> >() const {
-    return ParamGenerator< ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2, T3> >(
+  operator ParamGenerator< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3> >() const {
+    return ParamGenerator< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3> >(
         new CartesianProductGenerator3<T1, T2, T3>(
         static_cast<ParamGenerator<T1> >(g1_),
         static_cast<ParamGenerator<T2> >(g2_),
         static_cast<ParamGenerator<T3> >(g3_)));
   }
 
  private:
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
@@ -4559,18 +4883,18 @@ CartesianProductHolder3(const Generator1
 template <class Generator1, class Generator2, class Generator3,
     class Generator4>
 class CartesianProductHolder4 {
  public:
 CartesianProductHolder4(const Generator1& g1, const Generator2& g2,
     const Generator3& g3, const Generator4& g4)
       : g1_(g1), g2_(g2), g3_(g3), g4_(g4) {}
   template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4>
-  operator ParamGenerator< ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4> >() const {
-    return ParamGenerator< ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4> >(
+  operator ParamGenerator< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4> >() const {
+    return ParamGenerator< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4> >(
         new CartesianProductGenerator4<T1, T2, T3, T4>(
         static_cast<ParamGenerator<T1> >(g1_),
         static_cast<ParamGenerator<T2> >(g2_),
         static_cast<ParamGenerator<T3> >(g3_),
         static_cast<ParamGenerator<T4> >(g4_)));
   }
 
  private:
@@ -4586,18 +4910,18 @@ CartesianProductHolder4(const Generator1
 template <class Generator1, class Generator2, class Generator3,
     class Generator4, class Generator5>
 class CartesianProductHolder5 {
  public:
 CartesianProductHolder5(const Generator1& g1, const Generator2& g2,
     const Generator3& g3, const Generator4& g4, const Generator5& g5)
       : g1_(g1), g2_(g2), g3_(g3), g4_(g4), g5_(g5) {}
   template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5>
-  operator ParamGenerator< ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5> >() const {
-    return ParamGenerator< ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5> >(
+  operator ParamGenerator< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5> >() const {
+    return ParamGenerator< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5> >(
         new CartesianProductGenerator5<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5>(
         static_cast<ParamGenerator<T1> >(g1_),
         static_cast<ParamGenerator<T2> >(g2_),
         static_cast<ParamGenerator<T3> >(g3_),
         static_cast<ParamGenerator<T4> >(g4_),
         static_cast<ParamGenerator<T5> >(g5_)));
   }
 
@@ -4617,18 +4941,18 @@ template <class Generator1, class Genera
 class CartesianProductHolder6 {
  public:
 CartesianProductHolder6(const Generator1& g1, const Generator2& g2,
     const Generator3& g3, const Generator4& g4, const Generator5& g5,
     const Generator6& g6)
       : g1_(g1), g2_(g2), g3_(g3), g4_(g4), g5_(g5), g6_(g6) {}
   template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
       typename T6>
-  operator ParamGenerator< ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6> >() const {
-    return ParamGenerator< ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6> >(
+  operator ParamGenerator< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6> >() const {
+    return ParamGenerator< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6> >(
         new CartesianProductGenerator6<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6>(
         static_cast<ParamGenerator<T1> >(g1_),
         static_cast<ParamGenerator<T2> >(g2_),
         static_cast<ParamGenerator<T3> >(g3_),
         static_cast<ParamGenerator<T4> >(g4_),
         static_cast<ParamGenerator<T5> >(g5_),
         static_cast<ParamGenerator<T6> >(g6_)));
   }
@@ -4650,19 +4974,19 @@ template <class Generator1, class Genera
 class CartesianProductHolder7 {
  public:
 CartesianProductHolder7(const Generator1& g1, const Generator2& g2,
     const Generator3& g3, const Generator4& g4, const Generator5& g5,
     const Generator6& g6, const Generator7& g7)
       : g1_(g1), g2_(g2), g3_(g3), g4_(g4), g5_(g5), g6_(g6), g7_(g7) {}
   template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
       typename T6, typename T7>
-  operator ParamGenerator< ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6,
+  operator ParamGenerator< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6,
       T7> >() const {
-    return ParamGenerator< ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7> >(
+    return ParamGenerator< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7> >(
         new CartesianProductGenerator7<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7>(
         static_cast<ParamGenerator<T1> >(g1_),
         static_cast<ParamGenerator<T2> >(g2_),
         static_cast<ParamGenerator<T3> >(g3_),
         static_cast<ParamGenerator<T4> >(g4_),
         static_cast<ParamGenerator<T5> >(g5_),
         static_cast<ParamGenerator<T6> >(g6_),
         static_cast<ParamGenerator<T7> >(g7_)));
@@ -4688,19 +5012,19 @@ class CartesianProductHolder8 {
  public:
 CartesianProductHolder8(const Generator1& g1, const Generator2& g2,
     const Generator3& g3, const Generator4& g4, const Generator5& g5,
     const Generator6& g6, const Generator7& g7, const Generator8& g8)
       : g1_(g1), g2_(g2), g3_(g3), g4_(g4), g5_(g5), g6_(g6), g7_(g7),
           g8_(g8) {}
   template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
       typename T6, typename T7, typename T8>
-  operator ParamGenerator< ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7,
+  operator ParamGenerator< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7,
       T8> >() const {
-    return ParamGenerator< ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8> >(
+    return ParamGenerator< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8> >(
         new CartesianProductGenerator8<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8>(
         static_cast<ParamGenerator<T1> >(g1_),
         static_cast<ParamGenerator<T2> >(g2_),
         static_cast<ParamGenerator<T3> >(g3_),
         static_cast<ParamGenerator<T4> >(g4_),
         static_cast<ParamGenerator<T5> >(g5_),
         static_cast<ParamGenerator<T6> >(g6_),
         static_cast<ParamGenerator<T7> >(g7_),
@@ -4729,19 +5053,19 @@ class CartesianProductHolder9 {
 CartesianProductHolder9(const Generator1& g1, const Generator2& g2,
     const Generator3& g3, const Generator4& g4, const Generator5& g5,
     const Generator6& g6, const Generator7& g7, const Generator8& g8,
     const Generator9& g9)
       : g1_(g1), g2_(g2), g3_(g3), g4_(g4), g5_(g5), g6_(g6), g7_(g7), g8_(g8),
           g9_(g9) {}
   template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
       typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9>
-  operator ParamGenerator< ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8,
+  operator ParamGenerator< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8,
       T9> >() const {
-    return ParamGenerator< ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8,
+    return ParamGenerator< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8,
         T9> >(
         new CartesianProductGenerator9<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9>(
         static_cast<ParamGenerator<T1> >(g1_),
         static_cast<ParamGenerator<T2> >(g2_),
         static_cast<ParamGenerator<T3> >(g3_),
         static_cast<ParamGenerator<T4> >(g4_),
         static_cast<ParamGenerator<T5> >(g5_),
         static_cast<ParamGenerator<T6> >(g6_),
@@ -4773,20 +5097,20 @@ class CartesianProductHolder10 {
 CartesianProductHolder10(const Generator1& g1, const Generator2& g2,
     const Generator3& g3, const Generator4& g4, const Generator5& g5,
     const Generator6& g6, const Generator7& g7, const Generator8& g8,
     const Generator9& g9, const Generator10& g10)
       : g1_(g1), g2_(g2), g3_(g3), g4_(g4), g5_(g5), g6_(g6), g7_(g7), g8_(g8),
           g9_(g9), g10_(g10) {}
   template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
       typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10>
-  operator ParamGenerator< ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8,
-      T9, T10> >() const {
-    return ParamGenerator< ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8,
-        T9, T10> >(
+  operator ParamGenerator< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9,
+      T10> >() const {
+    return ParamGenerator< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9,
+        T10> >(
         new CartesianProductGenerator10<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9,
             T10>(
         static_cast<ParamGenerator<T1> >(g1_),
         static_cast<ParamGenerator<T2> >(g2_),
         static_cast<ParamGenerator<T3> >(g3_),
         static_cast<ParamGenerator<T4> >(g4_),
         static_cast<ParamGenerator<T5> >(g5_),
         static_cast<ParamGenerator<T6> >(g6_),
--- a/testing/gtest/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-param-util-generated.h.pump
+++ b/testing/gtest/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-param-util-generated.h.pump
@@ -34,17 +34,17 @@
 
 // Type and function utilities for implementing parameterized tests.
 // This file is generated by a SCRIPT.  DO NOT EDIT BY HAND!
 //
 // Currently Google Test supports at most $n arguments in Values,
 // and at most $maxtuple arguments in Combine. Please contact
 // googletestframework@googlegroups.com if you need more.
 // Please note that the number of arguments to Combine is limited
-// by the maximum arity of the implementation of tr1::tuple which is
+// by the maximum arity of the implementation of tuple which is
 // currently set at $maxtuple.
 
 #ifndef GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_PARAM_UTIL_GENERATED_H_
 #define GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_PARAM_UTIL_GENERATED_H_
 
 // scripts/fuse_gtest.py depends on gtest's own header being #included
 // *unconditionally*.  Therefore these #includes cannot be moved
 // inside #if GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST.
@@ -67,43 +67,28 @@ internal::ParamGenerator<T> ValuesIn(con
 
 template <class Container>
 internal::ParamGenerator<typename Container::value_type> ValuesIn(
     const Container& container);
 
 namespace internal {
 
 // Used in the Values() function to provide polymorphic capabilities.
-template <typename T1>
-class ValueArray1 {
- public:
-  explicit ValueArray1(T1 v1) : v1_(v1) {}
-
-  template <typename T>
-  operator ParamGenerator<T>() const { return ValuesIn(&v1_, &v1_ + 1); }
-
- private:
-  // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
-  void operator=(const ValueArray1& other);
-
-  const T1 v1_;
-};
-
-$range i 2..n
+$range i 1..n
 $for i [[
 $range j 1..i
 
 template <$for j, [[typename T$j]]>
 class ValueArray$i {
  public:
-  ValueArray$i($for j, [[T$j v$j]]) : $for j, [[v$(j)_(v$j)]] {}
+  $if i==1 [[explicit ]]ValueArray$i($for j, [[T$j v$j]]) : $for j, [[v$(j)_(v$j)]] {}
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {$for j, [[v$(j)_]]};
+    const T array[] = {$for j, [[static_cast<T>(v$(j)_)]]};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
  private:
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
   void operator=(const ValueArray$i& other);
 
 $for j [[
@@ -123,19 +108,19 @@ class ValueArray$i {
 //
 $range i 2..maxtuple
 $for i [[
 $range j 1..i
 $range k 2..i
 
 template <$for j, [[typename T$j]]>
 class CartesianProductGenerator$i
-    : public ParamGeneratorInterface< ::std::tr1::tuple<$for j, [[T$j]]> > {
+    : public ParamGeneratorInterface< ::testing::tuple<$for j, [[T$j]]> > {
  public:
-  typedef ::std::tr1::tuple<$for j, [[T$j]]> ParamType;
+  typedef ::testing::tuple<$for j, [[T$j]]> ParamType;
 
   CartesianProductGenerator$i($for j, [[const ParamGenerator<T$j>& g$j]])
       : $for j, [[g$(j)_(g$j)]] {}
   virtual ~CartesianProductGenerator$i() {}
 
   virtual ParamIteratorInterface<ParamType>* Begin() const {
     return new Iterator(this, $for j, [[g$(j)_, g$(j)_.begin()]]);
   }
@@ -264,18 +249,18 @@ class CartesianProductGenerator$i
 $range j 1..i
 
 template <$for j, [[class Generator$j]]>
 class CartesianProductHolder$i {
  public:
 CartesianProductHolder$i($for j, [[const Generator$j& g$j]])
       : $for j, [[g$(j)_(g$j)]] {}
   template <$for j, [[typename T$j]]>
-  operator ParamGenerator< ::std::tr1::tuple<$for j, [[T$j]]> >() const {
-    return ParamGenerator< ::std::tr1::tuple<$for j, [[T$j]]> >(
+  operator ParamGenerator< ::testing::tuple<$for j, [[T$j]]> >() const {
+    return ParamGenerator< ::testing::tuple<$for j, [[T$j]]> >(
         new CartesianProductGenerator$i<$for j, [[T$j]]>(
 $for j,[[
 
         static_cast<ParamGenerator<T$j> >(g$(j)_)
 ]]));
   }
 
  private:
--- a/testing/gtest/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-param-util.h
+++ b/testing/gtest/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-param-util.h
@@ -29,41 +29,65 @@
 //
 // Author: vladl@google.com (Vlad Losev)
 
 // Type and function utilities for implementing parameterized tests.
 
 #ifndef GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_PARAM_UTIL_H_
 #define GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_PARAM_UTIL_H_
 
+#include <ctype.h>
+
 #include <iterator>
+#include <set>
 #include <utility>
 #include <vector>
 
 // scripts/fuse_gtest.py depends on gtest's own header being #included
 // *unconditionally*.  Therefore these #includes cannot be moved
 // inside #if GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST.
 #include "gtest/internal/gtest-internal.h"
 #include "gtest/internal/gtest-linked_ptr.h"
 #include "gtest/internal/gtest-port.h"
 #include "gtest/gtest-printers.h"
 
 #if GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
 
 namespace testing {
+
+// Input to a parameterized test name generator, describing a test parameter.
+// Consists of the parameter value and the integer parameter index.
+template <class ParamType>
+struct TestParamInfo {
+  TestParamInfo(const ParamType& a_param, size_t an_index) :
+    param(a_param),
+    index(an_index) {}
+  ParamType param;
+  size_t index;
+};
+
+// A builtin parameterized test name generator which returns the result of
+// testing::PrintToString.
+struct PrintToStringParamName {
+  template <class ParamType>
+  std::string operator()(const TestParamInfo<ParamType>& info) const {
+    return PrintToString(info.param);
+  }
+};
+
 namespace internal {
 
 // INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN USER CODE.
 //
 // Outputs a message explaining invalid registration of different
 // fixture class for the same test case. This may happen when
 // TEST_P macro is used to define two tests with the same name
 // but in different namespaces.
 GTEST_API_ void ReportInvalidTestCaseType(const char* test_case_name,
-                                          const char* file, int line);
+                                          CodeLocation code_location);
 
 template <typename> class ParamGeneratorInterface;
 template <typename> class ParamGenerator;
 
 // Interface for iterating over elements provided by an implementation
 // of ParamGeneratorInterface<T>.
 template <typename T>
 class ParamIteratorInterface {
@@ -201,17 +225,17 @@ class RangeGenerator : public ParamGener
              IncrementT step)
         : base_(base), value_(value), index_(index), step_(step) {}
     virtual ~Iterator() {}
 
     virtual const ParamGeneratorInterface<T>* BaseGenerator() const {
       return base_;
     }
     virtual void Advance() {
-      value_ = value_ + step_;
+      value_ = static_cast<T>(value_ + step_);
       index_++;
     }
     virtual ParamIteratorInterface<T>* Clone() const {
       return new Iterator(*this);
     }
     virtual const T* Current() const { return &value_; }
     virtual bool Equals(const ParamIteratorInterface<T>& other) const {
       // Having the same base generator guarantees that the other
@@ -238,17 +262,17 @@ class RangeGenerator : public ParamGener
     int index_;
     const IncrementT step_;
   };  // class RangeGenerator::Iterator
 
   static int CalculateEndIndex(const T& begin,
                                const T& end,
                                const IncrementT& step) {
     int end_index = 0;
-    for (T i = begin; i < end; i = i + step)
+    for (T i = begin; i < end; i = static_cast<T>(i + step))
       end_index++;
     return end_index;
   }
 
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
   void operator=(const RangeGenerator& other);
 
   const T begin_;
@@ -342,16 +366,47 @@ class ValuesInIteratorRangeGenerator : p
   // No implementation - assignment is unsupported.
   void operator=(const ValuesInIteratorRangeGenerator& other);
 
   const ContainerType container_;
 };  // class ValuesInIteratorRangeGenerator
 
 // INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN USER CODE.
 //
+// Default parameterized test name generator, returns a string containing the
+// integer test parameter index.
+template <class ParamType>
+std::string DefaultParamName(const TestParamInfo<ParamType>& info) {
+  Message name_stream;
+  name_stream << info.index;
+  return name_stream.GetString();
+}
+
+// INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN USER CODE.
+//
+// Parameterized test name overload helpers, which help the
+// INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P macro choose between the default parameterized
+// test name generator and user param name generator.
+template <class ParamType, class ParamNameGenFunctor>
+ParamNameGenFunctor GetParamNameGen(ParamNameGenFunctor func) {
+  return func;
+}
+
+template <class ParamType>
+struct ParamNameGenFunc {
+  typedef std::string Type(const TestParamInfo<ParamType>&);
+};
+
+template <class ParamType>
+typename ParamNameGenFunc<ParamType>::Type *GetParamNameGen() {
+  return DefaultParamName;
+}
+
+// INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN USER CODE.
+//
 // Stores a parameter value and later creates tests parameterized with that
 // value.
 template <class TestClass>
 class ParameterizedTestFactory : public TestFactoryBase {
  public:
   typedef typename TestClass::ParamType ParamType;
   explicit ParameterizedTestFactory(ParamType parameter) :
       parameter_(parameter) {}
@@ -444,19 +499,21 @@ template <class TestCase>
 class ParameterizedTestCaseInfo : public ParameterizedTestCaseInfoBase {
  public:
   // ParamType and GeneratorCreationFunc are private types but are required
   // for declarations of public methods AddTestPattern() and
   // AddTestCaseInstantiation().
   typedef typename TestCase::ParamType ParamType;
   // A function that returns an instance of appropriate generator type.
   typedef ParamGenerator<ParamType>(GeneratorCreationFunc)();
+  typedef typename ParamNameGenFunc<ParamType>::Type ParamNameGeneratorFunc;
 
-  explicit ParameterizedTestCaseInfo(const char* name)
-      : test_case_name_(name) {}
+  explicit ParameterizedTestCaseInfo(
+      const char* name, CodeLocation code_location)
+      : test_case_name_(name), code_location_(code_location) {}
 
   // Test case base name for display purposes.
   virtual const string& GetTestCaseName() const { return test_case_name_; }
   // Test case id to verify identity.
   virtual TypeId GetTestCaseTypeId() const { return GetTypeId<TestCase>(); }
   // TEST_P macro uses AddTestPattern() to record information
   // about a single test in a LocalTestInfo structure.
   // test_case_name is the base name of the test case (without invocation
@@ -469,52 +526,74 @@ class ParameterizedTestCaseInfo : public
     tests_.push_back(linked_ptr<TestInfo>(new TestInfo(test_case_name,
                                                        test_base_name,
                                                        meta_factory)));
   }
   // INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P macro uses AddGenerator() to record information
   // about a generator.
   int AddTestCaseInstantiation(const string& instantiation_name,
                                GeneratorCreationFunc* func,
-                               const char* /* file */,
-                               int /* line */) {
-    instantiations_.push_back(::std::make_pair(instantiation_name, func));
+                               ParamNameGeneratorFunc* name_func,
+                               const char* file,
+                               int line) {
+    instantiations_.push_back(
+        InstantiationInfo(instantiation_name, func, name_func, file, line));
     return 0;  // Return value used only to run this method in namespace scope.
   }
   // UnitTest class invokes this method to register tests in this test case
   // test cases right before running tests in RUN_ALL_TESTS macro.
   // This method should not be called more then once on any single
   // instance of a ParameterizedTestCaseInfoBase derived class.
   // UnitTest has a guard to prevent from calling this method more then once.
   virtual void RegisterTests() {
     for (typename TestInfoContainer::iterator test_it = tests_.begin();
          test_it != tests_.end(); ++test_it) {
       linked_ptr<TestInfo> test_info = *test_it;
       for (typename InstantiationContainer::iterator gen_it =
                instantiations_.begin(); gen_it != instantiations_.end();
                ++gen_it) {
-        const string& instantiation_name = gen_it->first;
-        ParamGenerator<ParamType> generator((*gen_it->second)());
+        const string& instantiation_name = gen_it->name;
+        ParamGenerator<ParamType> generator((*gen_it->generator)());
+        ParamNameGeneratorFunc* name_func = gen_it->name_func;
+        const char* file = gen_it->file;
+        int line = gen_it->line;
 
-        Message test_case_name_stream;
+        string test_case_name;
         if ( !instantiation_name.empty() )
-          test_case_name_stream << instantiation_name << "/";
-        test_case_name_stream << test_info->test_case_base_name;
+          test_case_name = instantiation_name + "/";
+        test_case_name += test_info->test_case_base_name;
 
-        int i = 0;
+        size_t i = 0;
+        std::set<std::string> test_param_names;
         for (typename ParamGenerator<ParamType>::iterator param_it =
                  generator.begin();
              param_it != generator.end(); ++param_it, ++i) {
           Message test_name_stream;
-          test_name_stream << test_info->test_base_name << "/" << i;
+
+          std::string param_name = name_func(
+              TestParamInfo<ParamType>(*param_it, i));
+
+          GTEST_CHECK_(IsValidParamName(param_name))
+              << "Parameterized test name '" << param_name
+              << "' is invalid, in " << file
+              << " line " << line << std::endl;
+
+          GTEST_CHECK_(test_param_names.count(param_name) == 0)
+              << "Duplicate parameterized test name '" << param_name
+              << "', in " << file << " line " << line << std::endl;
+
+          test_param_names.insert(param_name);
+
+          test_name_stream << test_info->test_base_name << "/" << param_name;
           MakeAndRegisterTestInfo(
-              test_case_name_stream.GetString().c_str(),
+              test_case_name.c_str(),
               test_name_stream.GetString().c_str(),
               NULL,  // No type parameter.
               PrintToString(*param_it).c_str(),
+              code_location_,
               GetTestCaseTypeId(),
               TestCase::SetUpTestCase,
               TestCase::TearDownTestCase,
               test_info->test_meta_factory->CreateTestFactory(*param_it));
         }  // for param_it
       }  // for gen_it
     }  // for test_it
   }  // RegisterTests
@@ -530,22 +609,55 @@ class ParameterizedTestCaseInfo : public
         test_base_name(a_test_base_name),
         test_meta_factory(a_test_meta_factory) {}
 
     const string test_case_base_name;
     const string test_base_name;
     const scoped_ptr<TestMetaFactoryBase<ParamType> > test_meta_factory;
   };
   typedef ::std::vector<linked_ptr<TestInfo> > TestInfoContainer;
-  // Keeps pairs of <Instantiation name, Sequence generator creation function>
-  // received from INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P macros.
-  typedef ::std::vector<std::pair<string, GeneratorCreationFunc*> >
-      InstantiationContainer;
+  // Records data received from INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P macros:
+  //  <Instantiation name, Sequence generator creation function,
+  //     Name generator function, Source file, Source line>
+  struct InstantiationInfo {
+      InstantiationInfo(const std::string &name_in,
+                        GeneratorCreationFunc* generator_in,
+                        ParamNameGeneratorFunc* name_func_in,
+                        const char* file_in,
+                        int line_in)
+          : name(name_in),
+            generator(generator_in),
+            name_func(name_func_in),
+            file(file_in),
+            line(line_in) {}
+
+      std::string name;
+      GeneratorCreationFunc* generator;
+      ParamNameGeneratorFunc* name_func;
+      const char* file;
+      int line;
+  };
+  typedef ::std::vector<InstantiationInfo> InstantiationContainer;
+
+  static bool IsValidParamName(const std::string& name) {
+    // Check for empty string
+    if (name.empty())
+      return false;
+
+    // Check for invalid characters
+    for (std::string::size_type index = 0; index < name.size(); ++index) {
+      if (!isalnum(name[index]) && name[index] != '_')
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+  }
 
   const string test_case_name_;
+  CodeLocation code_location_;
   TestInfoContainer tests_;
   InstantiationContainer instantiations_;
 
   GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(ParameterizedTestCaseInfo);
 };  // class ParameterizedTestCaseInfo
 
 // INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN USER CODE.
 //
@@ -563,40 +675,40 @@ class ParameterizedTestCaseRegistry {
     }
   }
 
   // Looks up or creates and returns a structure containing information about
   // tests and instantiations of a particular test case.
   template <class TestCase>
   ParameterizedTestCaseInfo<TestCase>* GetTestCasePatternHolder(
       const char* test_case_name,
-      const char* file,
-      int line) {
+      CodeLocation code_location) {
     ParameterizedTestCaseInfo<TestCase>* typed_test_info = NULL;
     for (TestCaseInfoContainer::iterator it = test_case_infos_.begin();
          it != test_case_infos_.end(); ++it) {
       if ((*it)->GetTestCaseName() == test_case_name) {
         if ((*it)->GetTestCaseTypeId() != GetTypeId<TestCase>()) {
           // Complain about incorrect usage of Google Test facilities
           // and terminate the program since we cannot guaranty correct
           // test case setup and tear-down in this case.
-          ReportInvalidTestCaseType(test_case_name,  file, line);
+          ReportInvalidTestCaseType(test_case_name, code_location);
           posix::Abort();
         } else {
           // At this point we are sure that the object we found is of the same
           // type we are looking for, so we downcast it to that type
           // without further checks.
           typed_test_info = CheckedDowncastToActualType<
               ParameterizedTestCaseInfo<TestCase> >(*it);
         }
         break;
       }
     }
     if (typed_test_info == NULL) {
-      typed_test_info = new ParameterizedTestCaseInfo<TestCase>(test_case_name);
+      typed_test_info = new ParameterizedTestCaseInfo<TestCase>(
+          test_case_name, code_location);
       test_case_infos_.push_back(typed_test_info);
     }
     return typed_test_info;
   }
   void RegisterTests() {
     for (TestCaseInfoContainer::iterator it = test_case_infos_.begin();
          it != test_case_infos_.end(); ++it) {
       (*it)->RegisterTests();
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/gtest/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-port-arch.h
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+// Copyright 2015, Google Inc.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// The Google C++ Testing Framework (Google Test)
+//
+// This header file defines the GTEST_OS_* macro.
+// It is separate from gtest-port.h so that custom/gtest-port.h can include it.
+
+#ifndef GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_PORT_ARCH_H_
+#define GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_PORT_ARCH_H_
+
+// Determines the platform on which Google Test is compiled.
+#ifdef __CYGWIN__
+# define GTEST_OS_CYGWIN 1
+#elif defined __SYMBIAN32__
+# define GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN 1
+#elif defined _WIN32
+# define GTEST_OS_WINDOWS 1
+# ifdef _WIN32_WCE
+#  define GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE 1
+# elif defined(__MINGW__) || defined(__MINGW32__)
+#  define GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MINGW 1
+# elif defined(WINAPI_FAMILY)
+#  include <winapifamily.h>
+#  if WINAPI_FAMILY_PARTITION(WINAPI_PARTITION_DESKTOP)
+#   define GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_DESKTOP 1
+#  elif WINAPI_FAMILY_PARTITION(WINAPI_PARTITION_PHONE_APP)
+#   define GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_PHONE 1
+#  elif WINAPI_FAMILY_PARTITION(WINAPI_PARTITION_APP)
+#   define GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_RT 1
+#  else
+    // WINAPI_FAMILY defined but no known partition matched.
+    // Default to desktop.
+#   define GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_DESKTOP 1
+#  endif
+# else
+#  define GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_DESKTOP 1
+# endif  // _WIN32_WCE
+#elif defined __APPLE__
+# define GTEST_OS_MAC 1
+# if TARGET_OS_IPHONE
+#  define GTEST_OS_IOS 1
+# endif
+#elif defined __FreeBSD__
+# define GTEST_OS_FREEBSD 1
+#elif defined __linux__
+# define GTEST_OS_LINUX 1
+# if defined __ANDROID__
+#  define GTEST_OS_LINUX_ANDROID 1
+# endif
+#elif defined __MVS__
+# define GTEST_OS_ZOS 1
+#elif defined(__sun) && defined(__SVR4)
+# define GTEST_OS_SOLARIS 1
+#elif defined(_AIX)
+# define GTEST_OS_AIX 1
+#elif defined(__hpux)
+# define GTEST_OS_HPUX 1
+#elif defined __native_client__
+# define GTEST_OS_NACL 1
+#elif defined __OpenBSD__
+# define GTEST_OS_OPENBSD 1
+#elif defined __QNX__
+# define GTEST_OS_QNX 1
+#endif  // __CYGWIN__
+
+#endif  // GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_PORT_ARCH_H_
--- a/testing/gtest/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-port.h
+++ b/testing/gtest/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-port.h
@@ -25,25 +25,53 @@
 // DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
 // THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
 // (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
 // OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 //
 // Authors: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
 //
 // Low-level types and utilities for porting Google Test to various
-// platforms.  They are subject to change without notice.  DO NOT USE
-// THEM IN USER CODE.
+// platforms.  All macros ending with _ and symbols defined in an
+// internal namespace are subject to change without notice.  Code
+// outside Google Test MUST NOT USE THEM DIRECTLY.  Macros that don't
+// end with _ are part of Google Test's public API and can be used by
+// code outside Google Test.
+//
+// This file is fundamental to Google Test.  All other Google Test source
+// files are expected to #include this.  Therefore, it cannot #include
+// any other Google Test header.
 
 #ifndef GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_PORT_H_
 #define GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_PORT_H_
 
-// The user can define the following macros in the build script to
-// control Google Test's behavior.  If the user doesn't define a macro
-// in this list, Google Test will define it.
+// Environment-describing macros
+// -----------------------------
+//
+// Google Test can be used in many different environments.  Macros in
+// this section tell Google Test what kind of environment it is being
+// used in, such that Google Test can provide environment-specific
+// features and implementations.
+//
+// Google Test tries to automatically detect the properties of its
+// environment, so users usually don't need to worry about these
+// macros.  However, the automatic detection is not perfect.
+// Sometimes it's necessary for a user to define some of the following
+// macros in the build script to override Google Test's decisions.
+//
+// If the user doesn't define a macro in the list, Google Test will
+// provide a default definition.  After this header is #included, all
+// macros in this list will be defined to either 1 or 0.
+//
+// Notes to maintainers:
+//   - Each macro here is a user-tweakable knob; do not grow the list
+//     lightly.
+//   - Use #if to key off these macros.  Don't use #ifdef or "#if
+//     defined(...)", which will not work as these macros are ALWAYS
+//     defined.
 //
 //   GTEST_HAS_CLONE          - Define it to 1/0 to indicate that clone(2)
 //                              is/isn't available.
 //   GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS     - Define it to 1/0 to indicate that exceptions
 //                              are enabled.
 //   GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING  - Define it to 1/0 to indicate that ::string
 //                              is/isn't available (some systems define
 //                              ::string, which is different to std::string).
@@ -77,74 +105,117 @@
 //   GTEST_LINKED_AS_SHARED_LIBRARY
 //                            - Define to 1 when compiling tests that use
 //                              Google Test as a shared library (known as
 //                              DLL on Windows).
 //   GTEST_CREATE_SHARED_LIBRARY
 //                            - Define to 1 when compiling Google Test itself
 //                              as a shared library.
 
-// This header defines the following utilities:
+// Platform-indicating macros
+// --------------------------
 //
-// Macros indicating the current platform (defined to 1 if compiled on
-// the given platform; otherwise undefined):
+// Macros indicating the platform on which Google Test is being used
+// (a macro is defined to 1 if compiled on the given platform;
+// otherwise UNDEFINED -- it's never defined to 0.).  Google Test
+// defines these macros automatically.  Code outside Google Test MUST
+// NOT define them.
+//
 //   GTEST_OS_AIX      - IBM AIX
 //   GTEST_OS_CYGWIN   - Cygwin
+//   GTEST_OS_FREEBSD  - FreeBSD
 //   GTEST_OS_HPUX     - HP-UX
 //   GTEST_OS_LINUX    - Linux
 //     GTEST_OS_LINUX_ANDROID - Google Android
 //   GTEST_OS_MAC      - Mac OS X
 //     GTEST_OS_IOS    - iOS
 //   GTEST_OS_NACL     - Google Native Client (NaCl)
+//   GTEST_OS_OPENBSD  - OpenBSD
+//   GTEST_OS_QNX      - QNX
 //   GTEST_OS_SOLARIS  - Sun Solaris
 //   GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN  - Symbian
 //   GTEST_OS_WINDOWS  - Windows (Desktop, MinGW, or Mobile)
 //     GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_DESKTOP  - Windows Desktop
 //     GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MINGW    - MinGW
 //     GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE   - Windows Mobile
+//     GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_PHONE    - Windows Phone
+//     GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_RT       - Windows Store App/WinRT
 //   GTEST_OS_ZOS      - z/OS
 //
 // Among the platforms, Cygwin, Linux, Max OS X, and Windows have the
 // most stable support.  Since core members of the Google Test project
 // don't have access to other platforms, support for them may be less
 // stable.  If you notice any problems on your platform, please notify
 // googletestframework@googlegroups.com (patches for fixing them are
 // even more welcome!).
 //
-// Note that it is possible that none of the GTEST_OS_* macros are defined.
+// It is possible that none of the GTEST_OS_* macros are defined.
+
+// Feature-indicating macros
+// -------------------------
 //
-// Macros indicating available Google Test features (defined to 1 if
-// the corresponding feature is supported; otherwise undefined):
+// Macros indicating which Google Test features are available (a macro
+// is defined to 1 if the corresponding feature is supported;
+// otherwise UNDEFINED -- it's never defined to 0.).  Google Test
+// defines these macros automatically.  Code outside Google Test MUST
+// NOT define them.
+//
+// These macros are public so that portable tests can be written.
+// Such tests typically surround code using a feature with an #if
+// which controls that code.  For example:
+//
+// #if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+//   EXPECT_DEATH(DoSomethingDeadly());
+// #endif
+//
 //   GTEST_HAS_COMBINE      - the Combine() function (for value-parameterized
 //                            tests)
 //   GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST   - death tests
 //   GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST   - value-parameterized tests
 //   GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST   - typed tests
 //   GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST_P - type-parameterized tests
+//   GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE    - Google Test is thread-safe.
 //   GTEST_USES_POSIX_RE    - enhanced POSIX regex is used. Do not confuse with
 //                            GTEST_HAS_POSIX_RE (see above) which users can
 //                            define themselves.
 //   GTEST_USES_SIMPLE_RE   - our own simple regex is used;
 //                            the above two are mutually exclusive.
 //   GTEST_CAN_COMPARE_NULL - accepts untyped NULL in EXPECT_EQ().
+
+// Misc public macros
+// ------------------
+//
+//   GTEST_FLAG(flag_name)  - references the variable corresponding to
+//                            the given Google Test flag.
+
+// Internal utilities
+// ------------------
+//
+// The following macros and utilities are for Google Test's INTERNAL
+// use only.  Code outside Google Test MUST NOT USE THEM DIRECTLY.
 //
 // Macros for basic C++ coding:
 //   GTEST_AMBIGUOUS_ELSE_BLOCKER_ - for disabling a gcc warning.
 //   GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_  - declares that a class' instances or a
 //                              variable don't have to be used.
 //   GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_   - disables operator=.
 //   GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_ - disables copy ctor and operator=.
 //   GTEST_MUST_USE_RESULT_   - declares that a function's result must be used.
+//   GTEST_INTENTIONAL_CONST_COND_PUSH_ - start code section where MSVC C4127 is
+//                                        suppressed (constant conditional).
+//   GTEST_INTENTIONAL_CONST_COND_POP_  - finish code section where MSVC C4127
+//                                        is suppressed.
+//
+// C++11 feature wrappers:
+//
+//   testing::internal::move  - portability wrapper for std::move.
 //
 // Synchronization:
 //   Mutex, MutexLock, ThreadLocal, GetThreadCount()
-//                  - synchronization primitives.
-//   GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE - defined to 1 to indicate that the above
-//                         synchronization primitives have real implementations
-//                         and Google Test is thread-safe; or 0 otherwise.
+//                            - synchronization primitives.
 //
 // Template meta programming:
 //   is_pointer     - as in TR1; needed on Symbian and IBM XL C/C++ only.
 //   IteratorTraits - partial implementation of std::iterator_traits, which
 //                    is not available in libCstd when compiled with Sun C++.
 //
 // Smart pointers:
 //   scoped_ptr     - as in TR2.
@@ -170,20 +241,19 @@
 //
 // Integer types:
 //   TypeWithSize   - maps an integer to a int type.
 //   Int32, UInt32, Int64, UInt64, TimeInMillis
 //                  - integers of known sizes.
 //   BiggestInt     - the biggest signed integer type.
 //
 // Command-line utilities:
-//   GTEST_FLAG()       - references a flag.
 //   GTEST_DECLARE_*()  - declares a flag.
 //   GTEST_DEFINE_*()   - defines a flag.
-//   GetArgvs()         - returns the command line as a vector of strings.
+//   GetInjectableArgvs() - returns the command line as a vector of strings.
 //
 // Environment variable utilities:
 //   GetEnv()             - gets the value of an environment variable.
 //   BoolFromGTestEnv()   - parses a bool environment variable.
 //   Int32FromGTestEnv()  - parses an Int32 environment variable.
 //   StringFromGTestEnv() - parses a string environment variable.
 
 #include <ctype.h>   // for isspace, etc
@@ -196,103 +266,178 @@
 # include <sys/stat.h>
 #endif  // !_WIN32_WCE
 
 #if defined __APPLE__
 # include <AvailabilityMacros.h>
 # include <TargetConditionals.h>
 #endif
 
+#include <algorithm>  // NOLINT
 #include <iostream>  // NOLINT
 #include <sstream>  // NOLINT
 #include <string>  // NOLINT
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>  // NOLINT
 
-#define GTEST_DEV_EMAIL_ "googletestframework@@googlegroups.com"
-#define GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "gtest_"
-#define GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_DASH_ "gtest-"
-#define GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_UPPER_ "GTEST_"
-#define GTEST_NAME_ "Google Test"
-#define GTEST_PROJECT_URL_ "http://code.google.com/p/googletest/"
+#include "gtest/internal/gtest-port-arch.h"
+#include "gtest/internal/custom/gtest-port.h"
+
+#if !defined(GTEST_DEV_EMAIL_)
+# define GTEST_DEV_EMAIL_ "googletestframework@@googlegroups.com"
+# define GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "gtest_"
+# define GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_DASH_ "gtest-"
+# define GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_UPPER_ "GTEST_"
+# define GTEST_NAME_ "Google Test"
+# define GTEST_PROJECT_URL_ "https://github.com/google/googletest/"
+#endif  // !defined(GTEST_DEV_EMAIL_)
+
+#if !defined(GTEST_INIT_GOOGLE_TEST_NAME_)
+# define GTEST_INIT_GOOGLE_TEST_NAME_ "testing::InitGoogleTest"
+#endif  // !defined(GTEST_INIT_GOOGLE_TEST_NAME_)
 
 // Determines the version of gcc that is used to compile this.
 #ifdef __GNUC__
 // 40302 means version 4.3.2.
 # define GTEST_GCC_VER_ \
     (__GNUC__*10000 + __GNUC_MINOR__*100 + __GNUC_PATCHLEVEL__)
 #endif  // __GNUC__
 
-// Determines the platform on which Google Test is compiled.
-#ifdef __CYGWIN__
-# define GTEST_OS_CYGWIN 1
-#elif defined __SYMBIAN32__
-# define GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN 1
-#elif defined _WIN32
-# define GTEST_OS_WINDOWS 1
-# ifdef _WIN32_WCE
-#  define GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE 1
-# elif defined(__MINGW__) || defined(__MINGW32__)
-#  define GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MINGW 1
-# else
-#  define GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_DESKTOP 1
-# endif  // _WIN32_WCE
-#elif defined __APPLE__
-# define GTEST_OS_MAC 1
-# if TARGET_OS_IPHONE
-#  define GTEST_OS_IOS 1
-# endif
-#elif defined __linux__
-# define GTEST_OS_LINUX 1
-# ifdef ANDROID
-#  define GTEST_OS_LINUX_ANDROID 1
-# endif  // ANDROID
-#elif defined __MVS__
-# define GTEST_OS_ZOS 1
-#elif defined(__sun) && defined(__SVR4)
-# define GTEST_OS_SOLARIS 1
-#elif defined(_AIX)
-# define GTEST_OS_AIX 1
-#elif defined(__hpux)
-# define GTEST_OS_HPUX 1
-#elif defined __native_client__
-# define GTEST_OS_NACL 1
-#endif  // __CYGWIN__
+// Macros for disabling Microsoft Visual C++ warnings.
+//
+//   GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(4800 4385)
+//   /* code that triggers warnings C4800 and C4385 */
+//   GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_()
+#if _MSC_VER >= 1500
+# define GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(warnings) \
+    __pragma(warning(push))                        \
+    __pragma(warning(disable: warnings))
+# define GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_()          \
+    __pragma(warning(pop))
+#else
+// Older versions of MSVC don't have __pragma.
+# define GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(warnings)
+# define GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_()
+#endif
 
 #ifndef GTEST_LANG_CXX11
 // gcc and clang define __GXX_EXPERIMENTAL_CXX0X__ when
 // -std={c,gnu}++{0x,11} is passed.  The C++11 standard specifies a
 // value for __cplusplus, and recent versions of clang, gcc, and
 // probably other compilers set that too in C++11 mode.
 # if __GXX_EXPERIMENTAL_CXX0X__ || __cplusplus >= 201103L
 // Compiling in at least C++11 mode.
 #  define GTEST_LANG_CXX11 1
 # else
 #  define GTEST_LANG_CXX11 0
 # endif
 #endif
 
+// Distinct from C++11 language support, some environments don't provide
+// proper C++11 library support. Notably, it's possible to build in
+// C++11 mode when targeting Mac OS X 10.6, which has an old libstdc++
+// with no C++11 support.
+//
+// libstdc++ has sufficient C++11 support as of GCC 4.6.0, __GLIBCXX__
+// 20110325, but maintenance releases in the 4.4 and 4.5 series followed
+// this date, so check for those versions by their date stamps.
+// https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/libstdc++/manual/abi.html#abi.versioning
+#if GTEST_LANG_CXX11 && \
+    (!defined(__GLIBCXX__) || ( \
+        __GLIBCXX__ >= 20110325ul &&  /* GCC >= 4.6.0 */ \
+        /* Blacklist of patch releases of older branches: */ \
+        __GLIBCXX__ != 20110416ul &&  /* GCC 4.4.6 */ \
+        __GLIBCXX__ != 20120313ul &&  /* GCC 4.4.7 */ \
+        __GLIBCXX__ != 20110428ul &&  /* GCC 4.5.3 */ \
+        __GLIBCXX__ != 20120702ul))   /* GCC 4.5.4 */
+# define GTEST_STDLIB_CXX11 1
+#endif
+
+// Only use C++11 library features if the library provides them.
+#if GTEST_STDLIB_CXX11
+# define GTEST_HAS_STD_BEGIN_AND_END_ 1
+# define GTEST_HAS_STD_FORWARD_LIST_ 1
+# define GTEST_HAS_STD_FUNCTION_ 1
+# define GTEST_HAS_STD_INITIALIZER_LIST_ 1
+# define GTEST_HAS_STD_MOVE_ 1
+# define GTEST_HAS_STD_SHARED_PTR_ 1
+# define GTEST_HAS_STD_TYPE_TRAITS_ 1
+# define GTEST_HAS_STD_UNIQUE_PTR_ 1
+#endif
+
+// C++11 specifies that <tuple> provides std::tuple.
+// Some platforms still might not have it, however.
+#if GTEST_LANG_CXX11
+# define GTEST_HAS_STD_TUPLE_ 1
+# if defined(__clang__)
+// Inspired by http://clang.llvm.org/docs/LanguageExtensions.html#__has_include
+#  if defined(__has_include) && !__has_include(<tuple>)
+#   undef GTEST_HAS_STD_TUPLE_
+#  endif
+# elif defined(_MSC_VER)
+// Inspired by boost/config/stdlib/dinkumware.hpp
+#  if defined(_CPPLIB_VER) && _CPPLIB_VER < 520
+#   undef GTEST_HAS_STD_TUPLE_
+#  endif
+# elif defined(__GLIBCXX__)
+// Inspired by boost/config/stdlib/libstdcpp3.hpp,
+// http://gcc.gnu.org/gcc-4.2/changes.html and
+// http://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/libstdc++/manual/bk01pt01ch01.html#manual.intro.status.standard.200x
+#  if __GNUC__ < 4 || (__GNUC__ == 4 && __GNUC_MINOR__ < 2)
+#   undef GTEST_HAS_STD_TUPLE_
+#  endif
+# endif
+#endif
+
 // Brings in definitions for functions used in the testing::internal::posix
 // namespace (read, write, close, chdir, isatty, stat). We do not currently
 // use them on Windows Mobile.
-#if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+# if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+#  include <direct.h>
+#  include <io.h>
+# endif
+// In order to avoid having to include <windows.h>, use forward declaration
+#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MINGW && !defined(__MINGW64_VERSION_MAJOR)
+// MinGW defined _CRITICAL_SECTION and _RTL_CRITICAL_SECTION as two
+// separate (equivalent) structs, instead of using typedef
+typedef struct _CRITICAL_SECTION GTEST_CRITICAL_SECTION;
+#else
+// Assume CRITICAL_SECTION is a typedef of _RTL_CRITICAL_SECTION.
+// This assumption is verified by
+// WindowsTypesTest.CRITICAL_SECTIONIs_RTL_CRITICAL_SECTION.
+typedef struct _RTL_CRITICAL_SECTION GTEST_CRITICAL_SECTION;
+#endif
+#else
 // This assumes that non-Windows OSes provide unistd.h. For OSes where this
 // is not the case, we need to include headers that provide the functions
 // mentioned above.
 # include <unistd.h>
 # include <strings.h>
-#elif !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
-# include <direct.h>
-# include <io.h>
+#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+
+#if GTEST_OS_LINUX_ANDROID
+// Used to define __ANDROID_API__ matching the target NDK API level.
+#  include <android/api-level.h>  // NOLINT
 #endif
 
 // Defines this to true iff Google Test can use POSIX regular expressions.
 #ifndef GTEST_HAS_POSIX_RE
-# define GTEST_HAS_POSIX_RE (!GTEST_OS_WINDOWS)
+# if GTEST_OS_LINUX_ANDROID
+// On Android, <regex.h> is only available starting with Gingerbread.
+#  define GTEST_HAS_POSIX_RE (__ANDROID_API__ >= 9)
+# else
+#  define GTEST_HAS_POSIX_RE (!GTEST_OS_WINDOWS)
+# endif
 #endif
 
-#if GTEST_HAS_POSIX_RE
+#if GTEST_USES_PCRE
+// The appropriate headers have already been included.
+
+#elif GTEST_HAS_POSIX_RE
 
 // On some platforms, <regex.h> needs someone to define size_t, and
 // won't compile otherwise.  We can #include it here as we already
 // included <stdlib.h>, which is guaranteed to define size_t through
 // <stddef.h>.
 # include <regex.h>  // NOLINT
 
 # define GTEST_USES_POSIX_RE 1
@@ -304,29 +449,38 @@
 # define GTEST_USES_SIMPLE_RE 1
 
 #else
 
 // <regex.h> may not be available on this platform.  Use our own
 // simple regex implementation instead.
 # define GTEST_USES_SIMPLE_RE 1
 
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_POSIX_RE
+#endif  // GTEST_USES_PCRE
 
 #ifndef GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
 // The user didn't tell us whether exceptions are enabled, so we need
 // to figure it out.
 # if defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__BORLANDC__)
 // MSVC's and C++Builder's implementations of the STL use the _HAS_EXCEPTIONS
 // macro to enable exceptions, so we'll do the same.
 // Assumes that exceptions are enabled by default.
 #  ifndef _HAS_EXCEPTIONS
 #   define _HAS_EXCEPTIONS 1
 #  endif  // _HAS_EXCEPTIONS
 #  define GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS _HAS_EXCEPTIONS
+# elif defined(__clang__)
+// clang defines __EXCEPTIONS iff exceptions are enabled before clang 220714,
+// but iff cleanups are enabled after that. In Obj-C++ files, there can be
+// cleanups for ObjC exceptions which also need cleanups, even if C++ exceptions
+// are disabled. clang has __has_feature(cxx_exceptions) which checks for C++
+// exceptions starting at clang r206352, but which checked for cleanups prior to
+// that. To reliably check for C++ exception availability with clang, check for
+// __EXCEPTIONS && __has_feature(cxx_exceptions).
+#  define GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS (__EXCEPTIONS && __has_feature(cxx_exceptions))
 # elif defined(__GNUC__) && __EXCEPTIONS
 // gcc defines __EXCEPTIONS to 1 iff exceptions are enabled.
 #  define GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS 1
 # elif defined(__SUNPRO_CC)
 // Sun Pro CC supports exceptions.  However, there is no compile-time way of
 // detecting whether they are enabled or not.  Therefore, we assume that
 // they are enabled unless the user tells us otherwise.
 #  define GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS 1
@@ -394,21 +548,37 @@
 #  else
 #   define GTEST_HAS_RTTI 0
 #  endif
 
 // Starting with version 4.3.2, gcc defines __GXX_RTTI iff RTTI is enabled.
 # elif defined(__GNUC__) && (GTEST_GCC_VER_ >= 40302)
 
 #  ifdef __GXX_RTTI
-#   define GTEST_HAS_RTTI 1
+// When building against STLport with the Android NDK and with
+// -frtti -fno-exceptions, the build fails at link time with undefined
+// references to __cxa_bad_typeid. Note sure if STL or toolchain bug,
+// so disable RTTI when detected.
+#   if GTEST_OS_LINUX_ANDROID && defined(_STLPORT_MAJOR) && \
+       !defined(__EXCEPTIONS)
+#    define GTEST_HAS_RTTI 0
+#   else
+#    define GTEST_HAS_RTTI 1
+#   endif  // GTEST_OS_LINUX_ANDROID && __STLPORT_MAJOR && !__EXCEPTIONS
 #  else
 #   define GTEST_HAS_RTTI 0
 #  endif  // __GXX_RTTI
 
+// Clang defines __GXX_RTTI starting with version 3.0, but its manual recommends
+// using has_feature instead. has_feature(cxx_rtti) is supported since 2.7, the
+// first version with C++ support.
+# elif defined(__clang__)
+
+#  define GTEST_HAS_RTTI __has_feature(cxx_rtti)
+
 // Starting with version 9.0 IBM Visual Age defines __RTTI_ALL__ to 1 if
 // both the typeid and dynamic_cast features are present.
 # elif defined(__IBMCPP__) && (__IBMCPP__ >= 900)
 
 #  ifdef __RTTI_ALL__
 #   define GTEST_HAS_RTTI 1
 #  else
 #   define GTEST_HAS_RTTI 0
@@ -426,57 +596,73 @@
 // It's this header's responsibility to #include <typeinfo> when RTTI
 // is enabled.
 #if GTEST_HAS_RTTI
 # include <typeinfo>
 #endif
 
 // Determines whether Google Test can use the pthreads library.
 #ifndef GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD
-// The user didn't tell us explicitly, so we assume pthreads support is
-// available on Linux and Mac.
+// The user didn't tell us explicitly, so we make reasonable assumptions about
+// which platforms have pthreads support.
 //
 // To disable threading support in Google Test, add -DGTEST_HAS_PTHREAD=0
 // to your compiler flags.
-# define GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD (GTEST_OS_LINUX || GTEST_OS_MAC || GTEST_OS_HPUX)
+# define GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD (GTEST_OS_LINUX || GTEST_OS_MAC || GTEST_OS_HPUX \
+    || GTEST_OS_QNX || GTEST_OS_FREEBSD || GTEST_OS_NACL)
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD
 
 #if GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD
 // gtest-port.h guarantees to #include <pthread.h> when GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD is
 // true.
 # include <pthread.h>  // NOLINT
 
 // For timespec and nanosleep, used below.
 # include <time.h>  // NOLINT
 #endif
 
+// Determines if hash_map/hash_set are available.
+// Only used for testing against those containers.
+#if !defined(GTEST_HAS_HASH_MAP_)
+# if _MSC_VER
+#  define GTEST_HAS_HASH_MAP_ 1  // Indicates that hash_map is available.
+#  define GTEST_HAS_HASH_SET_ 1  // Indicates that hash_set is available.
+# endif  // _MSC_VER
+#endif  // !defined(GTEST_HAS_HASH_MAP_)
+
 // Determines whether Google Test can use tr1/tuple.  You can define
 // this macro to 0 to prevent Google Test from using tuple (any
 // feature depending on tuple with be disabled in this mode).
 #ifndef GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE
+# if GTEST_OS_LINUX_ANDROID && defined(_STLPORT_MAJOR)
+// STLport, provided with the Android NDK, has neither <tr1/tuple> or <tuple>.
+#  define GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE 0
+# else
 // The user didn't tell us not to do it, so we assume it's OK.
-# define GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE 1
+#  define GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE 1
+# endif
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE
 
 // Determines whether Google Test's own tr1 tuple implementation
 // should be used.
 #ifndef GTEST_USE_OWN_TR1_TUPLE
 // The user didn't tell us, so we need to figure it out.
 
 // We use our own TR1 tuple if we aren't sure the user has an
 // implementation of it already.  At this time, libstdc++ 4.0.0+ and
 // MSVC 2010 are the only mainstream standard libraries that come
 // with a TR1 tuple implementation.  NVIDIA's CUDA NVCC compiler
 // pretends to be GCC by defining __GNUC__ and friends, but cannot
 // compile GCC's tuple implementation.  MSVC 2008 (9.0) provides TR1
 // tuple in a 323 MB Feature Pack download, which we cannot assume the
-// user has.  libc++ only provides std::tuple, in C++11 mode,
+// user has.  QNX's QCC compiler is a modified GCC but it doesn't
+// support TR1 tuple.  libc++ only provides std::tuple, in C++11 mode,
 // and it can be used with some compilers that define __GNUC__.
 # if (defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__CUDACC__) && (GTEST_GCC_VER_ >= 40000) \
-    && !defined(_LIBCPP_VERSION)) || _MSC_VER >= 1600
+      && !GTEST_OS_QNX && !defined(_LIBCPP_VERSION)) || _MSC_VER >= 1600
 #  define GTEST_ENV_HAS_TR1_TUPLE_ 1
 # endif
 
 // C++11 specifies that <tuple> provides std::tuple. Use that if gtest is used
 // in C++11 mode and libstdc++ isn't very old (binaries targeting OS X 10.6
 // can build with clang but need to use gcc4.2's libstdc++).
 # if GTEST_LANG_CXX11 && (!defined(__GLIBCXX__) || __GLIBCXX__ > 20110325)
 #  define GTEST_ENV_HAS_STD_TUPLE_ 1
@@ -487,21 +673,31 @@
 # else
 #  define GTEST_USE_OWN_TR1_TUPLE 1
 # endif
 
 #endif  // GTEST_USE_OWN_TR1_TUPLE
 
 // To avoid conditional compilation everywhere, we make it
 // gtest-port.h's responsibility to #include the header implementing
-// tr1/tuple.
+// tuple.
+#if GTEST_HAS_STD_TUPLE_
+# include <tuple>  // IWYU pragma: export
+# define GTEST_TUPLE_NAMESPACE_ ::std
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_TUPLE_
+
+// We include tr1::tuple even if std::tuple is available to define printers for
+// them.
 #if GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE
+# ifndef GTEST_TUPLE_NAMESPACE_
+#  define GTEST_TUPLE_NAMESPACE_ ::std::tr1
+# endif  // GTEST_TUPLE_NAMESPACE_
 
 # if GTEST_USE_OWN_TR1_TUPLE
-#  include "gtest/internal/gtest-tuple.h"
+#  include "gtest/internal/gtest-tuple.h"  // IWYU pragma: export  // NOLINT
 # elif GTEST_ENV_HAS_STD_TUPLE_
 #  include <tuple>
 // C++11 puts its tuple into the ::std namespace rather than
 // ::std::tr1.  gtest expects tuple to live in ::std::tr1, so put it there.
 // This causes undefined behavior, but supported compilers react in
 // the way we intend.
 namespace std {
 namespace tr1 {
@@ -522,17 +718,17 @@ using ::std::tuple_size;
 // use its own tuple implementation.
 #  ifdef BOOST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE
 #   undef BOOST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE
 #  endif  // BOOST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE
 
 // This prevents <boost/tr1/detail/config.hpp>, which defines
 // BOOST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE, from being #included by Boost's <tuple>.
 #  define BOOST_TR1_DETAIL_CONFIG_HPP_INCLUDED
-#  include <tuple>
+#  include <tuple>  // IWYU pragma: export  // NOLINT
 
 # elif defined(__GNUC__) && (GTEST_GCC_VER_ >= 40000)
 // GCC 4.0+ implements tr1/tuple in the <tr1/tuple> header.  This does
 // not conform to the TR1 spec, which requires the header to be <tuple>.
 
 #  if !GTEST_HAS_RTTI && GTEST_GCC_VER_ < 40302
 // Until version 4.3.2, gcc has a bug that causes <tr1/functional>,
 // which is #included by <tr1/tuple>, to not compile when RTTI is
@@ -545,58 +741,72 @@ using ::std::tuple_size;
                         // <tr1/functional> if he chooses to.
 #  else
 #   include <tr1/tuple>  // NOLINT
 #  endif  // !GTEST_HAS_RTTI && GTEST_GCC_VER_ < 40302
 
 # else
 // If the compiler is not GCC 4.0+, we assume the user is using a
 // spec-conforming TR1 implementation.
-#  include <tuple>  // NOLINT
+#  include <tuple>  // IWYU pragma: export  // NOLINT
 # endif  // GTEST_USE_OWN_TR1_TUPLE
 
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE
 
 // Determines whether clone(2) is supported.
 // Usually it will only be available on Linux, excluding
-// Linux on the Itanium architecture, and x86 Android.
+// Linux on the Itanium architecture.
 // Also see http://linux.die.net/man/2/clone.
 #ifndef GTEST_HAS_CLONE
 // The user didn't tell us, so we need to figure it out.
 
-# if GTEST_OS_LINUX && !defined(__ia64__) && !(defined(ANDROID) && defined(__i386__))
-#  define GTEST_HAS_CLONE 1
+# if GTEST_OS_LINUX && !defined(__ia64__)
+#  if GTEST_OS_LINUX_ANDROID
+// On Android, clone() became available at different API levels for each 32-bit
+// architecture.
+#    if defined(__LP64__) || \
+        (defined(__arm__) && __ANDROID_API__ >= 9) || \
+        (defined(__mips__) && __ANDROID_API__ >= 12) || \
+        (defined(__i386__) && __ANDROID_API__ >= 17)
+#     define GTEST_HAS_CLONE 1
+#    else
+#     define GTEST_HAS_CLONE 0
+#    endif
+#  else
+#   define GTEST_HAS_CLONE 1
+#  endif
 # else
 #  define GTEST_HAS_CLONE 0
-# endif  // GTEST_OS_LINUX && !defined(__ia64__) && !(defined(ANDROID) && defined(__i386__))
+# endif  // GTEST_OS_LINUX && !defined(__ia64__)
 
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_CLONE
 
 // Determines whether to support stream redirection. This is used to test
 // output correctness and to implement death tests.
 #ifndef GTEST_HAS_STREAM_REDIRECTION
 // By default, we assume that stream redirection is supported on all
 // platforms except known mobile ones.
-# if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE || GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN
+# if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE || GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN || \
+    GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_PHONE || GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_RT
 #  define GTEST_HAS_STREAM_REDIRECTION 0
 # else
 #  define GTEST_HAS_STREAM_REDIRECTION 1
 # endif  // !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE && !GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_STREAM_REDIRECTION
 
 // Determines whether to support death tests.
 // Google Test does not support death tests for VC 7.1 and earlier as
 // abort() in a VC 7.1 application compiled as GUI in debug config
 // pops up a dialog window that cannot be suppressed programmatically.
 #if (GTEST_OS_LINUX || GTEST_OS_CYGWIN || GTEST_OS_SOLARIS || \
      (GTEST_OS_MAC && !GTEST_OS_IOS) || \
      (GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_DESKTOP && _MSC_VER >= 1400) || \
-     GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MINGW || GTEST_OS_AIX || GTEST_OS_HPUX)
+     GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MINGW || GTEST_OS_AIX || GTEST_OS_HPUX || \
+     GTEST_OS_OPENBSD || GTEST_OS_QNX || GTEST_OS_FREEBSD)
 # define GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST 1
-# include <vector>  // NOLINT
 #endif
 
 // We don't support MSVC 7.1 with exceptions disabled now.  Therefore
 // all the compilers we care about are adequate for supporting
 // value-parameterized tests.
 #define GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST 1
 
 // Determines whether to support type-driven tests.
@@ -650,17 +860,22 @@ using ::std::tuple_size;
 //   struct Foo {
 //     Foo() { ... }
 //   } GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_;
 //
 // Also use it after a variable or parameter declaration to tell the
 // compiler the variable/parameter does not have to be used.
 #if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(COMPILER_ICC)
 # define GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_ __attribute__ ((unused))
-#else
+#elif defined(__clang__)
+# if __has_attribute(unused)
+#  define GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_ __attribute__ ((unused))
+# endif
+#endif
+#ifndef GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_
 # define GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_
 #endif
 
 // A macro to disallow operator=
 // This should be used in the private: declarations for a class.
 #define GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(type)\
   void operator=(type const &)
 
@@ -676,86 +891,168 @@ using ::std::tuple_size;
 //
 //   Sprocket* AllocateSprocket() GTEST_MUST_USE_RESULT_;
 #if defined(__GNUC__) && (GTEST_GCC_VER_ >= 30400) && !defined(COMPILER_ICC)
 # define GTEST_MUST_USE_RESULT_ __attribute__ ((warn_unused_result))
 #else
 # define GTEST_MUST_USE_RESULT_
 #endif  // __GNUC__ && (GTEST_GCC_VER_ >= 30400) && !COMPILER_ICC
 
+// MS C++ compiler emits warning when a conditional expression is compile time
+// constant. In some contexts this warning is false positive and needs to be
+// suppressed. Use the following two macros in such cases:
+//
+// GTEST_INTENTIONAL_CONST_COND_PUSH_()
+// while (true) {
+// GTEST_INTENTIONAL_CONST_COND_POP_()
+// }
+# define GTEST_INTENTIONAL_CONST_COND_PUSH_() \
+    GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(4127)
+# define GTEST_INTENTIONAL_CONST_COND_POP_() \
+    GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_()
+
 // Determine whether the compiler supports Microsoft's Structured Exception
 // Handling.  This is supported by several Windows compilers but generally
 // does not exist on any other system.
 #ifndef GTEST_HAS_SEH
 // The user didn't tell us, so we need to figure it out.
 
 # if defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__BORLANDC__)
 // These two compilers are known to support SEH.
 #  define GTEST_HAS_SEH 1
 # else
 // Assume no SEH.
 #  define GTEST_HAS_SEH 0
 # endif
 
+#define GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE \
+    (GTEST_HAS_MUTEX_AND_THREAD_LOCAL_ \
+     || (GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_PHONE && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_RT) \
+     || GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD)
+
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_SEH
 
 #ifdef _MSC_VER
-
 # if GTEST_LINKED_AS_SHARED_LIBRARY
 #  define GTEST_API_ __declspec(dllimport)
 # elif GTEST_CREATE_SHARED_LIBRARY
 #  define GTEST_API_ __declspec(dllexport)
 # endif
-
-#endif  // _MSC_VER
+#elif __GNUC__ >= 4 || defined(__clang__)
+# define GTEST_API_ __attribute__((visibility ("default")))
+#endif // _MSC_VER
 
 #ifndef GTEST_API_
 # define GTEST_API_
 #endif
 
 #ifdef __GNUC__
 // Ask the compiler to never inline a given function.
 # define GTEST_NO_INLINE_ __attribute__((noinline))
 #else
 # define GTEST_NO_INLINE_
 #endif
 
+// _LIBCPP_VERSION is defined by the libc++ library from the LLVM project.
+#if defined(__GLIBCXX__) || defined(_LIBCPP_VERSION)
+# define GTEST_HAS_CXXABI_H_ 1
+#else
+# define GTEST_HAS_CXXABI_H_ 0
+#endif
+
+// A function level attribute to disable checking for use of uninitialized
+// memory when built with MemorySanitizer.
+#if defined(__clang__)
+# if __has_feature(memory_sanitizer)
+#  define GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_MEMORY_ \
+       __attribute__((no_sanitize_memory))
+# else
+#  define GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_MEMORY_
+# endif  // __has_feature(memory_sanitizer)
+#else
+# define GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_MEMORY_
+#endif  // __clang__
+
+// A function level attribute to disable AddressSanitizer instrumentation.
+#if defined(__clang__)
+# if __has_feature(address_sanitizer)
+#  define GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_ADDRESS_ \
+       __attribute__((no_sanitize_address))
+# else
+#  define GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_ADDRESS_
+# endif  // __has_feature(address_sanitizer)
+#else
+# define GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_ADDRESS_
+#endif  // __clang__
+
+// A function level attribute to disable ThreadSanitizer instrumentation.
+#if defined(__clang__)
+# if __has_feature(thread_sanitizer)
+#  define GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_THREAD_ \
+       __attribute__((no_sanitize_thread))
+# else
+#  define GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_THREAD_
+# endif  // __has_feature(thread_sanitizer)
+#else
+# define GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_THREAD_
+#endif  // __clang__
+
 namespace testing {
 
 class Message;
 
+#if defined(GTEST_TUPLE_NAMESPACE_)
+// Import tuple and friends into the ::testing namespace.
+// It is part of our interface, having them in ::testing allows us to change
+// their types as needed.
+using GTEST_TUPLE_NAMESPACE_::get;
+using GTEST_TUPLE_NAMESPACE_::make_tuple;
+using GTEST_TUPLE_NAMESPACE_::tuple;
+using GTEST_TUPLE_NAMESPACE_::tuple_size;
+using GTEST_TUPLE_NAMESPACE_::tuple_element;
+#endif  // defined(GTEST_TUPLE_NAMESPACE_)
+
 namespace internal {
 
-class String;
+// A secret type that Google Test users don't know about.  It has no
+// definition on purpose.  Therefore it's impossible to create a
+// Secret object, which is what we want.
+class Secret;
 
 // The GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_ macro can be used to verify that a compile time
 // expression is true. For example, you could use it to verify the
 // size of a static array:
 //
-//   GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_(ARRAYSIZE(content_type_names) == CONTENT_NUM_TYPES,
-//                         content_type_names_incorrect_size);
+//   GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_(GTEST_ARRAY_SIZE_(names) == NUM_NAMES,
+//                         names_incorrect_size);
 //
 // or to make sure a struct is smaller than a certain size:
 //
 //   GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_(sizeof(foo) < 128, foo_too_large);
 //
 // The second argument to the macro is the name of the variable. If
 // the expression is false, most compilers will issue a warning/error
 // containing the name of the variable.
 
+#if GTEST_LANG_CXX11
+# define GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_(expr, msg) static_assert(expr, #msg)
+#else  // !GTEST_LANG_CXX11
 template <bool>
-struct CompileAssert {
+  struct CompileAssert {
 };
 
-#define GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_(expr, msg) \
-  typedef ::testing::internal::CompileAssert<(bool(expr))> \
-      msg[bool(expr) ? 1 : -1] GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_
+# define GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_(expr, msg) \
+  typedef ::testing::internal::CompileAssert<(static_cast<bool>(expr))> \
+      msg[static_cast<bool>(expr) ? 1 : -1] GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_
+#endif  // !GTEST_LANG_CXX11
 
 // Implementation details of GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_:
 //
+// (In C++11, we simply use static_assert instead of the following)
+//
 // - GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_ works by defining an array type that has -1
 //   elements (and thus is invalid) when the expression is false.
 //
 // - The simpler definition
 //
 //    #define GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_(expr, msg) typedef char msg[(expr) ? 1 : -1]
 //
 //   does not work, as gcc supports variable-length arrays whose sizes
@@ -792,17 +1089,22 @@ struct CompileAssert {
 
 // StaticAssertTypeEqHelper is used by StaticAssertTypeEq defined in gtest.h.
 //
 // This template is declared, but intentionally undefined.
 template <typename T1, typename T2>
 struct StaticAssertTypeEqHelper;
 
 template <typename T>
-struct StaticAssertTypeEqHelper<T, T> {};
+struct StaticAssertTypeEqHelper<T, T> {
+  enum { value = true };
+};
+
+// Evaluates to the number of elements in 'array'.
+#define GTEST_ARRAY_SIZE_(array) (sizeof(array) / sizeof(array[0]))
 
 #if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
 typedef ::string string;
 #else
 typedef ::std::string string;
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
 
 #if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING
@@ -840,16 +1142,22 @@ class scoped_ptr {
   void reset(T* p = NULL) {
     if (p != ptr_) {
       if (IsTrue(sizeof(T) > 0)) {  // Makes sure T is a complete type.
         delete ptr_;
       }
       ptr_ = p;
     }
   }
+
+  friend void swap(scoped_ptr& a, scoped_ptr& b) {
+    using std::swap;
+    swap(a.ptr_, b.ptr_);
+  }
+
  private:
   T* ptr_;
 
   GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(scoped_ptr);
 };
 
 // Defines RE.
 
@@ -902,20 +1210,19 @@ class GTEST_API_ RE {
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
 
   static bool FullMatch(const char* str, const RE& re);
   static bool PartialMatch(const char* str, const RE& re);
 
  private:
   void Init(const char* regex);
 
-  // We use a const char* instead of a string, as Google Test may be used
-  // where string is not available.  We also do not use Google Test's own
-  // String type here, in order to simplify dependencies between the
-  // files.
+  // We use a const char* instead of an std::string, as Google Test used to be
+  // used where std::string is not available.  TODO(wan@google.com): change to
+  // std::string.
   const char* pattern_;
   bool is_valid_;
 
 #if GTEST_USES_POSIX_RE
 
   regex_t full_regex_;     // For FullMatch().
   regex_t partial_regex_;  // For PartialMatch().
 
@@ -964,54 +1271,69 @@ class GTEST_API_ GTestLog {
   ::std::ostream& GetStream() { return ::std::cerr; }
 
  private:
   const GTestLogSeverity severity_;
 
   GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(GTestLog);
 };
 
-#define GTEST_LOG_(severity) \
+#if !defined(GTEST_LOG_)
+
+# define GTEST_LOG_(severity) \
     ::testing::internal::GTestLog(::testing::internal::GTEST_##severity, \
                                   __FILE__, __LINE__).GetStream()
 
 inline void LogToStderr() {}
 inline void FlushInfoLog() { fflush(NULL); }
 
+#endif  // !defined(GTEST_LOG_)
+
+#if !defined(GTEST_CHECK_)
 // INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE.
 //
 // GTEST_CHECK_ is an all-mode assert. It aborts the program if the condition
 // is not satisfied.
 //  Synopsys:
 //    GTEST_CHECK_(boolean_condition);
 //     or
 //    GTEST_CHECK_(boolean_condition) << "Additional message";
 //
 //    This checks the condition and if the condition is not satisfied
 //    it prints message about the condition violation, including the
 //    condition itself, plus additional message streamed into it, if any,
 //    and then it aborts the program. It aborts the program irrespective of
 //    whether it is built in the debug mode or not.
-#define GTEST_CHECK_(condition) \
+# define GTEST_CHECK_(condition) \
     GTEST_AMBIGUOUS_ELSE_BLOCKER_ \
     if (::testing::internal::IsTrue(condition)) \
       ; \
     else \
       GTEST_LOG_(FATAL) << "Condition " #condition " failed. "
+#endif  // !defined(GTEST_CHECK_)
 
 // An all-mode assert to verify that the given POSIX-style function
 // call returns 0 (indicating success).  Known limitation: this
 // doesn't expand to a balanced 'if' statement, so enclose the macro
 // in {} if you need to use it as the only statement in an 'if'
 // branch.
 #define GTEST_CHECK_POSIX_SUCCESS_(posix_call) \
   if (const int gtest_error = (posix_call)) \
     GTEST_LOG_(FATAL) << #posix_call << "failed with error " \
                       << gtest_error
 
+#if GTEST_HAS_STD_MOVE_
+using std::move;
+#else  // GTEST_HAS_STD_MOVE_
+template <typename T>
+const T& move(const T& t) {
+  return t;
+}
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_MOVE_
+
 // INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN USER CODE.
 //
 // Use ImplicitCast_ as a safe version of static_cast for upcasting in
 // the type hierarchy (e.g. casting a Foo* to a SuperclassOfFoo* or a
 // const Foo*).  When you use ImplicitCast_, the compiler checks that
 // the cast is safe.  Such explicit ImplicitCast_s are necessary in
 // surprisingly many situations where C++ demands an exact type match
 // instead of an argument type convertable to a target type.
@@ -1052,17 +1374,19 @@ inline To ImplicitCast_(To x) { return x
 // similar functions users may have (e.g., down_cast). The internal
 // namespace alone is not enough because the function can be found by ADL.
 template<typename To, typename From>  // use like this: DownCast_<T*>(foo);
 inline To DownCast_(From* f) {  // so we only accept pointers
   // Ensures that To is a sub-type of From *.  This test is here only
   // for compile-time type checking, and has no overhead in an
   // optimized build at run-time, as it will be optimized away
   // completely.
+  GTEST_INTENTIONAL_CONST_COND_PUSH_()
   if (false) {
+  GTEST_INTENTIONAL_CONST_COND_POP_()
     const To to = NULL;
     ::testing::internal::ImplicitCast_<From*>(to);
   }
 
 #if GTEST_HAS_RTTI
   // RTTI: debug mode only!
   GTEST_CHECK_(f == NULL || dynamic_cast<To>(f) != NULL);
 #endif
@@ -1073,91 +1397,182 @@ inline To DownCast_(From* f) {  // so we
 // Derived must be a subclass of Base. The parameter MUST
 // point to a class of type Derived, not any subclass of it.
 // When RTTI is available, the function performs a runtime
 // check to enforce this.
 template <class Derived, class Base>
 Derived* CheckedDowncastToActualType(Base* base) {
 #if GTEST_HAS_RTTI
   GTEST_CHECK_(typeid(*base) == typeid(Derived));
+#endif
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_DOWNCAST_
+  return ::down_cast<Derived*>(base);
+#elif GTEST_HAS_RTTI
   return dynamic_cast<Derived*>(base);  // NOLINT
 #else
   return static_cast<Derived*>(base);  // Poor man's downcast.
 #endif
 }
 
 #if GTEST_HAS_STREAM_REDIRECTION
 
 // Defines the stderr capturer:
 //   CaptureStdout     - starts capturing stdout.
 //   GetCapturedStdout - stops capturing stdout and returns the captured string.
 //   CaptureStderr     - starts capturing stderr.
 //   GetCapturedStderr - stops capturing stderr and returns the captured string.
 //
 GTEST_API_ void CaptureStdout();
-GTEST_API_ String GetCapturedStdout();
+GTEST_API_ std::string GetCapturedStdout();
 GTEST_API_ void CaptureStderr();
-GTEST_API_ String GetCapturedStderr();
+GTEST_API_ std::string GetCapturedStderr();
 
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_STREAM_REDIRECTION
 
+// Returns a path to temporary directory.
+GTEST_API_ std::string TempDir();
+
+// Returns the size (in bytes) of a file.
+GTEST_API_ size_t GetFileSize(FILE* file);
+
+// Reads the entire content of a file as a string.
+GTEST_API_ std::string ReadEntireFile(FILE* file);
+
+// All command line arguments.
+GTEST_API_ const ::std::vector<testing::internal::string>& GetArgvs();
 
 #if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
 
-// A copy of all command line arguments.  Set by InitGoogleTest().
-extern ::std::vector<String> g_argvs;
+const ::std::vector<testing::internal::string>& GetInjectableArgvs();
+void SetInjectableArgvs(const ::std::vector<testing::internal::string>*
+                             new_argvs);
 
-// GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST implies we have ::std::string.
-const ::std::vector<String>& GetArgvs();
 
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
 
 // Defines synchronization primitives.
-
-#if GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD
-
-// Sleeps for (roughly) n milli-seconds.  This function is only for
-// testing Google Test's own constructs.  Don't use it in user tests,
-// either directly or indirectly.
+#if GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE
+# if GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD
+// Sleeps for (roughly) n milliseconds.  This function is only for testing
+// Google Test's own constructs.  Don't use it in user tests, either
+// directly or indirectly.
 inline void SleepMilliseconds(int n) {
   const timespec time = {
     0,                  // 0 seconds.
     n * 1000L * 1000L,  // And n ms.
   };
   nanosleep(&time, NULL);
 }
+# endif  // GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD
 
+# if GTEST_HAS_NOTIFICATION_
+// Notification has already been imported into the namespace.
+// Nothing to do here.
+
+# elif GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD
 // Allows a controller thread to pause execution of newly created
 // threads until notified.  Instances of this class must be created
 // and destroyed in the controller thread.
 //
 // This class is only for testing Google Test's own constructs. Do not
 // use it in user tests, either directly or indirectly.
 class Notification {
  public:
-  Notification() : notified_(false) {}
+  Notification() : notified_(false) {
+    GTEST_CHECK_POSIX_SUCCESS_(pthread_mutex_init(&mutex_, NULL));
+  }
+  ~Notification() {
+    pthread_mutex_destroy(&mutex_);
+  }
 
   // Notifies all threads created with this notification to start. Must
   // be called from the controller thread.
-  void Notify() { notified_ = true; }
+  void Notify() {
+    pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex_);
+    notified_ = true;
+    pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex_);
+  }
 
   // Blocks until the controller thread notifies. Must be called from a test
   // thread.
   void WaitForNotification() {
-    while(!notified_) {
+    for (;;) {
+      pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex_);
+      const bool notified = notified_;
+      pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex_);
+      if (notified)
+        break;
       SleepMilliseconds(10);
     }
   }
 
  private:
-  volatile bool notified_;
+  pthread_mutex_t mutex_;
+  bool notified_;
 
   GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(Notification);
 };
 
+# elif GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_PHONE && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_RT
+
+GTEST_API_ void SleepMilliseconds(int n);
+
+// Provides leak-safe Windows kernel handle ownership.
+// Used in death tests and in threading support.
+class GTEST_API_ AutoHandle {
+ public:
+  // Assume that Win32 HANDLE type is equivalent to void*. Doing so allows us to
+  // avoid including <windows.h> in this header file. Including <windows.h> is
+  // undesirable because it defines a lot of symbols and macros that tend to
+  // conflict with client code. This assumption is verified by
+  // WindowsTypesTest.HANDLEIsVoidStar.
+  typedef void* Handle;
+  AutoHandle();
+  explicit AutoHandle(Handle handle);
+
+  ~AutoHandle();
+
+  Handle Get() const;
+  void Reset();
+  void Reset(Handle handle);
+
+ private:
+  // Returns true iff the handle is a valid handle object that can be closed.
+  bool IsCloseable() const;
+
+  Handle handle_;
+
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(AutoHandle);
+};
+
+// Allows a controller thread to pause execution of newly created
+// threads until notified.  Instances of this class must be created
+// and destroyed in the controller thread.
+//
+// This class is only for testing Google Test's own constructs. Do not
+// use it in user tests, either directly or indirectly.
+class GTEST_API_ Notification {
+ public:
+  Notification();
+  void Notify();
+  void WaitForNotification();
+
+ private:
+  AutoHandle event_;
+
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(Notification);
+};
+# endif  // GTEST_HAS_NOTIFICATION_
+
+// On MinGW, we can have both GTEST_OS_WINDOWS and GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD
+// defined, but we don't want to use MinGW's pthreads implementation, which
+// has conformance problems with some versions of the POSIX standard.
+# if GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MINGW
+
 // As a C-function, ThreadFuncWithCLinkage cannot be templated itself.
 // Consequently, it cannot select a correct instantiation of ThreadWithParam
 // in order to call its Run(). Introducing ThreadWithParamBase as a
 // non-templated base class for ThreadWithParam allows us to bypass this
 // problem.
 class ThreadWithParamBase {
  public:
   virtual ~ThreadWithParamBase() {}
@@ -1185,20 +1600,19 @@ extern "C" inline void* ThreadFuncWithCL
 //   ThreadWithParam<int> thread(&ThreadFunc, 5, &thread_can_start);
 //   thread_can_start.Notify();
 //
 // These classes are only for testing Google Test's own constructs. Do
 // not use them in user tests, either directly or indirectly.
 template <typename T>
 class ThreadWithParam : public ThreadWithParamBase {
  public:
-  typedef void (*UserThreadFunc)(T);
+  typedef void UserThreadFunc(T);
 
-  ThreadWithParam(
-      UserThreadFunc func, T param, Notification* thread_can_start)
+  ThreadWithParam(UserThreadFunc* func, T param, Notification* thread_can_start)
       : func_(func),
         param_(param),
         thread_can_start_(thread_can_start),
         finished_(false) {
     ThreadWithParamBase* const base = this;
     // The thread can be created only after all fields except thread_
     // have been initialized.
     GTEST_CHECK_POSIX_SUCCESS_(
@@ -1215,107 +1629,385 @@ class ThreadWithParam : public ThreadWit
 
   virtual void Run() {
     if (thread_can_start_ != NULL)
       thread_can_start_->WaitForNotification();
     func_(param_);
   }
 
  private:
-  const UserThreadFunc func_;  // User-supplied thread function.
+  UserThreadFunc* const func_;  // User-supplied thread function.
   const T param_;  // User-supplied parameter to the thread function.
   // When non-NULL, used to block execution until the controller thread
   // notifies.
   Notification* const thread_can_start_;
   bool finished_;  // true iff we know that the thread function has finished.
   pthread_t thread_;  // The native thread object.
 
   GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(ThreadWithParam);
 };
+# endif  // !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD ||
+         // GTEST_HAS_MUTEX_AND_THREAD_LOCAL_
 
-// MutexBase and Mutex implement mutex on pthreads-based platforms. They
-// are used in conjunction with class MutexLock:
+# if GTEST_HAS_MUTEX_AND_THREAD_LOCAL_
+// Mutex and ThreadLocal have already been imported into the namespace.
+// Nothing to do here.
+
+# elif GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_PHONE && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_RT
+
+// Mutex implements mutex on Windows platforms.  It is used in conjunction
+// with class MutexLock:
 //
 //   Mutex mutex;
 //   ...
-//   MutexLock lock(&mutex);  // Acquires the mutex and releases it at the end
-//                            // of the current scope.
+//   MutexLock lock(&mutex);  // Acquires the mutex and releases it at the
+//                            // end of the current scope.
 //
-// MutexBase implements behavior for both statically and dynamically
-// allocated mutexes.  Do not use MutexBase directly.  Instead, write
-// the following to define a static mutex:
-//
+// A static Mutex *must* be defined or declared using one of the following
+// macros:
 //   GTEST_DEFINE_STATIC_MUTEX_(g_some_mutex);
-//
-// You can forward declare a static mutex like this:
-//
 //   GTEST_DECLARE_STATIC_MUTEX_(g_some_mutex);
 //
-// To create a dynamic mutex, just define an object of type Mutex.
+// (A non-static Mutex is defined/declared in the usual way).
+class GTEST_API_ Mutex {
+ public:
+  enum MutexType { kStatic = 0, kDynamic = 1 };
+  // We rely on kStaticMutex being 0 as it is to what the linker initializes
+  // type_ in static mutexes.  critical_section_ will be initialized lazily
+  // in ThreadSafeLazyInit().
+  enum StaticConstructorSelector { kStaticMutex = 0 };
+
+  // This constructor intentionally does nothing.  It relies on type_ being
+  // statically initialized to 0 (effectively setting it to kStatic) and on
+  // ThreadSafeLazyInit() to lazily initialize the rest of the members.
+  explicit Mutex(StaticConstructorSelector /*dummy*/) {}
+
+  Mutex();
+  ~Mutex();
+
+  void Lock();
+
+  void Unlock();
+
+  // Does nothing if the current thread holds the mutex. Otherwise, crashes
+  // with high probability.
+  void AssertHeld();
+
+ private:
+  // Initializes owner_thread_id_ and critical_section_ in static mutexes.
+  void ThreadSafeLazyInit();
+
+  // Per http://blogs.msdn.com/b/oldnewthing/archive/2004/02/23/78395.aspx,
+  // we assume that 0 is an invalid value for thread IDs.
+  unsigned int owner_thread_id_;
+
+  // For static mutexes, we rely on these members being initialized to zeros
+  // by the linker.
+  MutexType type_;
+  long critical_section_init_phase_;  // NOLINT
+  GTEST_CRITICAL_SECTION* critical_section_;
+
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(Mutex);
+};
+
+# define GTEST_DECLARE_STATIC_MUTEX_(mutex) \
+    extern ::testing::internal::Mutex mutex
+
+# define GTEST_DEFINE_STATIC_MUTEX_(mutex) \
+    ::testing::internal::Mutex mutex(::testing::internal::Mutex::kStaticMutex)
+
+// We cannot name this class MutexLock because the ctor declaration would
+// conflict with a macro named MutexLock, which is defined on some
+// platforms. That macro is used as a defensive measure to prevent against
+// inadvertent misuses of MutexLock like "MutexLock(&mu)" rather than
+// "MutexLock l(&mu)".  Hence the typedef trick below.
+class GTestMutexLock {
+ public:
+  explicit GTestMutexLock(Mutex* mutex)
+      : mutex_(mutex) { mutex_->Lock(); }
+
+  ~GTestMutexLock() { mutex_->Unlock(); }
+
+ private:
+  Mutex* const mutex_;
+
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(GTestMutexLock);
+};
+
+typedef GTestMutexLock MutexLock;
+
+// Base class for ValueHolder<T>.  Allows a caller to hold and delete a value
+// without knowing its type.
+class ThreadLocalValueHolderBase {
+ public:
+  virtual ~ThreadLocalValueHolderBase() {}
+};
+
+// Provides a way for a thread to send notifications to a ThreadLocal
+// regardless of its parameter type.
+class ThreadLocalBase {
+ public:
+  // Creates a new ValueHolder<T> object holding a default value passed to
+  // this ThreadLocal<T>'s constructor and returns it.  It is the caller's
+  // responsibility not to call this when the ThreadLocal<T> instance already
+  // has a value on the current thread.
+  virtual ThreadLocalValueHolderBase* NewValueForCurrentThread() const = 0;
+
+ protected:
+  ThreadLocalBase() {}
+  virtual ~ThreadLocalBase() {}
+
+ private:
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(ThreadLocalBase);
+};
+
+// Maps a thread to a set of ThreadLocals that have values instantiated on that
+// thread and notifies them when the thread exits.  A ThreadLocal instance is
+// expected to persist until all threads it has values on have terminated.
+class GTEST_API_ ThreadLocalRegistry {
+ public:
+  // Registers thread_local_instance as having value on the current thread.
+  // Returns a value that can be used to identify the thread from other threads.
+  static ThreadLocalValueHolderBase* GetValueOnCurrentThread(
+      const ThreadLocalBase* thread_local_instance);
+
+  // Invoked when a ThreadLocal instance is destroyed.
+  static void OnThreadLocalDestroyed(
+      const ThreadLocalBase* thread_local_instance);
+};
+
+class GTEST_API_ ThreadWithParamBase {
+ public:
+  void Join();
+
+ protected:
+  class Runnable {
+   public:
+    virtual ~Runnable() {}
+    virtual void Run() = 0;
+  };
+
+  ThreadWithParamBase(Runnable *runnable, Notification* thread_can_start);
+  virtual ~ThreadWithParamBase();
+
+ private:
+  AutoHandle thread_;
+};
+
+// Helper class for testing Google Test's multi-threading constructs.
+template <typename T>
+class ThreadWithParam : public ThreadWithParamBase {
+ public:
+  typedef void UserThreadFunc(T);
+
+  ThreadWithParam(UserThreadFunc* func, T param, Notification* thread_can_start)
+      : ThreadWithParamBase(new RunnableImpl(func, param), thread_can_start) {
+  }
+  virtual ~ThreadWithParam() {}
+
+ private:
+  class RunnableImpl : public Runnable {
+   public:
+    RunnableImpl(UserThreadFunc* func, T param)
+        : func_(func),
+          param_(param) {
+    }
+    virtual ~RunnableImpl() {}
+    virtual void Run() {
+      func_(param_);
+    }
+
+   private:
+    UserThreadFunc* const func_;
+    const T param_;
+
+    GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(RunnableImpl);
+  };
+
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(ThreadWithParam);
+};
+
+// Implements thread-local storage on Windows systems.
+//
+//   // Thread 1
+//   ThreadLocal<int> tl(100);  // 100 is the default value for each thread.
+//
+//   // Thread 2
+//   tl.set(150);  // Changes the value for thread 2 only.
+//   EXPECT_EQ(150, tl.get());
+//
+//   // Thread 1
+//   EXPECT_EQ(100, tl.get());  // In thread 1, tl has the original value.
+//   tl.set(200);
+//   EXPECT_EQ(200, tl.get());
+//
+// The template type argument T must have a public copy constructor.
+// In addition, the default ThreadLocal constructor requires T to have
+// a public default constructor.
+//
+// The users of a TheadLocal instance have to make sure that all but one
+// threads (including the main one) using that instance have exited before
+// destroying it. Otherwise, the per-thread objects managed for them by the
+// ThreadLocal instance are not guaranteed to be destroyed on all platforms.
+//
+// Google Test only uses global ThreadLocal objects.  That means they
+// will die after main() has returned.  Therefore, no per-thread
+// object managed by Google Test will be leaked as long as all threads
+// using Google Test have exited when main() returns.
+template <typename T>
+class ThreadLocal : public ThreadLocalBase {
+ public:
+  ThreadLocal() : default_factory_(new DefaultValueHolderFactory()) {}
+  explicit ThreadLocal(const T& value)
+      : default_factory_(new InstanceValueHolderFactory(value)) {}
+
+  ~ThreadLocal() { ThreadLocalRegistry::OnThreadLocalDestroyed(this); }
+
+  T* pointer() { return GetOrCreateValue(); }
+  const T* pointer() const { return GetOrCreateValue(); }
+  const T& get() const { return *pointer(); }
+  void set(const T& value) { *pointer() = value; }
+
+ private:
+  // Holds a value of T.  Can be deleted via its base class without the caller
+  // knowing the type of T.
+  class ValueHolder : public ThreadLocalValueHolderBase {
+   public:
+    ValueHolder() : value_() {}
+    explicit ValueHolder(const T& value) : value_(value) {}
+
+    T* pointer() { return &value_; }
+
+   private:
+    T value_;
+    GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(ValueHolder);
+  };
+
+
+  T* GetOrCreateValue() const {
+    return static_cast<ValueHolder*>(
+        ThreadLocalRegistry::GetValueOnCurrentThread(this))->pointer();
+  }
+
+  virtual ThreadLocalValueHolderBase* NewValueForCurrentThread() const {
+    return default_factory_->MakeNewHolder();
+  }
+
+  class ValueHolderFactory {
+   public:
+    ValueHolderFactory() {}
+    virtual ~ValueHolderFactory() {}
+    virtual ValueHolder* MakeNewHolder() const = 0;
+
+   private:
+    GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(ValueHolderFactory);
+  };
+
+  class DefaultValueHolderFactory : public ValueHolderFactory {
+   public:
+    DefaultValueHolderFactory() {}
+    virtual ValueHolder* MakeNewHolder() const { return new ValueHolder(); }
+
+   private:
+    GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(DefaultValueHolderFactory);
+  };
+
+  class InstanceValueHolderFactory : public ValueHolderFactory {
+   public:
+    explicit InstanceValueHolderFactory(const T& value) : value_(value) {}
+    virtual ValueHolder* MakeNewHolder() const {
+      return new ValueHolder(value_);
+    }
+
+   private:
+    const T value_;  // The value for each thread.
+
+    GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(InstanceValueHolderFactory);
+  };
+
+  scoped_ptr<ValueHolderFactory> default_factory_;
+
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(ThreadLocal);
+};
+
+# elif GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD
+
+// MutexBase and Mutex implement mutex on pthreads-based platforms.
 class MutexBase {
  public:
   // Acquires this mutex.
   void Lock() {
     GTEST_CHECK_POSIX_SUCCESS_(pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex_));
     owner_ = pthread_self();
+    has_owner_ = true;
   }
 
   // Releases this mutex.
   void Unlock() {
-    // We don't protect writing to owner_ here, as it's the caller's
-    // responsibility to ensure that the current thread holds the
+    // Since the lock is being released the owner_ field should no longer be
+    // considered valid. We don't protect writing to has_owner_ here, as it's
+    // the caller's responsibility to ensure that the current thread holds the
     // mutex when this is called.
-    owner_ = 0;
+    has_owner_ = false;
     GTEST_CHECK_POSIX_SUCCESS_(pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex_));
   }
 
   // Does nothing if the current thread holds the mutex. Otherwise, crashes
   // with high probability.
   void AssertHeld() const {
-    GTEST_CHECK_(owner_ == pthread_self())
+    GTEST_CHECK_(has_owner_ && pthread_equal(owner_, pthread_self()))
         << "The current thread is not holding the mutex @" << this;
   }
 
   // A static mutex may be used before main() is entered.  It may even
   // be used before the dynamic initialization stage.  Therefore we
   // must be able to initialize a static mutex object at link time.
   // This means MutexBase has to be a POD and its member variables
   // have to be public.
  public:
   pthread_mutex_t mutex_;  // The underlying pthread mutex.
-  pthread_t owner_;  // The thread holding the mutex; 0 means no one holds it.
+  // has_owner_ indicates whether the owner_ field below contains a valid thread
+  // ID and is therefore safe to inspect (e.g., to use in pthread_equal()). All
+  // accesses to the owner_ field should be protected by a check of this field.
+  // An alternative might be to memset() owner_ to all zeros, but there's no
+  // guarantee that a zero'd pthread_t is necessarily invalid or even different
+  // from pthread_self().
+  bool has_owner_;
+  pthread_t owner_;  // The thread holding the mutex.
 };
 
 // Forward-declares a static mutex.
-# define GTEST_DECLARE_STATIC_MUTEX_(mutex) \
-    extern ::testing::internal::MutexBase mutex
+#  define GTEST_DECLARE_STATIC_MUTEX_(mutex) \
+     extern ::testing::internal::MutexBase mutex
 
 // Defines and statically (i.e. at link time) initializes a static mutex.
-# define GTEST_DEFINE_STATIC_MUTEX_(mutex) \
-    ::testing::internal::MutexBase mutex = { PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER, 0 }
+#  define GTEST_DEFINE_STATIC_MUTEX_(mutex) \
+     ::testing::internal::MutexBase mutex = { PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER, false, pthread_t() }
 
 // The Mutex class can only be used for mutexes created at runtime. It
 // shares its API with MutexBase otherwise.
 class Mutex : public MutexBase {
  public:
   Mutex() {
     GTEST_CHECK_POSIX_SUCCESS_(pthread_mutex_init(&mutex_, NULL));
-    owner_ = 0;
+    has_owner_ = false;
   }
   ~Mutex() {
     GTEST_CHECK_POSIX_SUCCESS_(pthread_mutex_destroy(&mutex_));
   }
 
  private:
   GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(Mutex);
 };
 
-// We cannot name this class MutexLock as the ctor declaration would
+// We cannot name this class MutexLock because the ctor declaration would
 // conflict with a macro named MutexLock, which is defined on some
-// platforms.  Hence the typedef trick below.
+// platforms. That macro is used as a defensive measure to prevent against
+// inadvertent misuses of MutexLock like "MutexLock(&mu)" rather than
+// "MutexLock l(&mu)".  Hence the typedef trick below.
 class GTestMutexLock {
  public:
   explicit GTestMutexLock(MutexBase* mutex)
       : mutex_(mutex) { mutex_->Lock(); }
 
   ~GTestMutexLock() { mutex_->Unlock(); }
 
  private:
@@ -1339,51 +2031,24 @@ class ThreadLocalValueHolderBase {
 
 // Called by pthread to delete thread-local data stored by
 // pthread_setspecific().
 extern "C" inline void DeleteThreadLocalValue(void* value_holder) {
   delete static_cast<ThreadLocalValueHolderBase*>(value_holder);
 }
 
 // Implements thread-local storage on pthreads-based systems.
-//
-//   // Thread 1
-//   ThreadLocal<int> tl(100);  // 100 is the default value for each thread.
-//
-//   // Thread 2
-//   tl.set(150);  // Changes the value for thread 2 only.
-//   EXPECT_EQ(150, tl.get());
-//
-//   // Thread 1
-//   EXPECT_EQ(100, tl.get());  // In thread 1, tl has the original value.
-//   tl.set(200);
-//   EXPECT_EQ(200, tl.get());
-//
-// The template type argument T must have a public copy constructor.
-// In addition, the default ThreadLocal constructor requires T to have
-// a public default constructor.
-//
-// An object managed for a thread by a ThreadLocal instance is deleted
-// when the thread exits.  Or, if the ThreadLocal instance dies in
-// that thread, when the ThreadLocal dies.  It's the user's
-// responsibility to ensure that all other threads using a ThreadLocal
-// have exited when it dies, or the per-thread objects for those
-// threads will not be deleted.
-//
-// Google Test only uses global ThreadLocal objects.  That means they
-// will die after main() has returned.  Therefore, no per-thread
-// object managed by Google Test will be leaked as long as all threads
-// using Google Test have exited when main() returns.
 template <typename T>
 class ThreadLocal {
  public:
-  ThreadLocal() : key_(CreateKey()),
-                  default_() {}
-  explicit ThreadLocal(const T& value) : key_(CreateKey()),
-                                         default_(value) {}
+  ThreadLocal()
+      : key_(CreateKey()), default_factory_(new DefaultValueHolderFactory()) {}
+  explicit ThreadLocal(const T& value)
+      : key_(CreateKey()),
+        default_factory_(new InstanceValueHolderFactory(value)) {}
 
   ~ThreadLocal() {
     // Destroys the managed object for the current thread, if any.
     DeleteThreadLocalValue(pthread_getspecific(key_));
 
     // Releases resources associated with the key.  This will *not*
     // delete managed objects for other threads.
     GTEST_CHECK_POSIX_SUCCESS_(pthread_key_delete(key_));
@@ -1393,16 +2058,17 @@ class ThreadLocal {
   const T* pointer() const { return GetOrCreateValue(); }
   const T& get() const { return *pointer(); }
   void set(const T& value) { *pointer() = value; }
 
  private:
   // Holds a value of type T.
   class ValueHolder : public ThreadLocalValueHolderBase {
    public:
+    ValueHolder() : value_() {}
     explicit ValueHolder(const T& value) : value_(value) {}
 
     T* pointer() { return &value_; }
 
    private:
     T value_;
     GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(ValueHolder);
   };
@@ -1418,49 +2084,88 @@ class ThreadLocal {
 
   T* GetOrCreateValue() const {
     ThreadLocalValueHolderBase* const holder =
         static_cast<ThreadLocalValueHolderBase*>(pthread_getspecific(key_));
     if (holder != NULL) {
       return CheckedDowncastToActualType<ValueHolder>(holder)->pointer();
     }
 
-    ValueHolder* const new_holder = new ValueHolder(default_);
+    ValueHolder* const new_holder = default_factory_->MakeNewHolder();
     ThreadLocalValueHolderBase* const holder_base = new_holder;
     GTEST_CHECK_POSIX_SUCCESS_(pthread_setspecific(key_, holder_base));
     return new_holder->pointer();
   }
 
+  class ValueHolderFactory {
+   public:
+    ValueHolderFactory() {}
+    virtual ~ValueHolderFactory() {}
+    virtual ValueHolder* MakeNewHolder() const = 0;
+
+   private:
+    GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(ValueHolderFactory);
+  };
+
+  class DefaultValueHolderFactory : public ValueHolderFactory {
+   public:
+    DefaultValueHolderFactory() {}
+    virtual ValueHolder* MakeNewHolder() const { return new ValueHolder(); }
+
+   private:
+    GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(DefaultValueHolderFactory);
+  };
+
+  class InstanceValueHolderFactory : public ValueHolderFactory {
+   public:
+    explicit InstanceValueHolderFactory(const T& value) : value_(value) {}
+    virtual ValueHolder* MakeNewHolder() const {
+      return new ValueHolder(value_);
+    }
+
+   private:
+    const T value_;  // The value for each thread.
+
+    GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(InstanceValueHolderFactory);
+  };
+
   // A key pthreads uses for looking up per-thread values.
   const pthread_key_t key_;
-  const T default_;  // The default value for each thread.
+  scoped_ptr<ValueHolderFactory> default_factory_;
 
   GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(ThreadLocal);
 };
 
-# define GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE 1
+# endif  // GTEST_HAS_MUTEX_AND_THREAD_LOCAL_
 
-#else  // GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD
+#else  // GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE
 
 // A dummy implementation of synchronization primitives (mutex, lock,
 // and thread-local variable).  Necessary for compiling Google Test where
 // mutex is not supported - using Google Test in multiple threads is not
 // supported on such platforms.
 
 class Mutex {
  public:
   Mutex() {}
+  void Lock() {}
+  void Unlock() {}
   void AssertHeld() const {}
 };
 
 # define GTEST_DECLARE_STATIC_MUTEX_(mutex) \
   extern ::testing::internal::Mutex mutex
 
 # define GTEST_DEFINE_STATIC_MUTEX_(mutex) ::testing::internal::Mutex mutex
 
+// We cannot name this class MutexLock because the ctor declaration would
+// conflict with a macro named MutexLock, which is defined on some
+// platforms. That macro is used as a defensive measure to prevent against
+// inadvertent misuses of MutexLock like "MutexLock(&mu)" rather than
+// "MutexLock l(&mu)".  Hence the typedef trick below.
 class GTestMutexLock {
  public:
   explicit GTestMutexLock(Mutex*) {}  // NOLINT
 };
 
 typedef GTestMutexLock MutexLock;
 
 template <typename T>
@@ -1471,21 +2176,17 @@ class ThreadLocal {
   T* pointer() { return &value_; }
   const T* pointer() const { return &value_; }
   const T& get() const { return value_; }
   void set(const T& value) { value_ = value; }
  private:
   T value_;
 };
 
-// The above synchronization primitives have dummy implementations.
-// Therefore Google Test is not thread-safe.
-# define GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE 0
-
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD
+#endif  // GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE
 
 // Returns the number of threads running in the process, or 0 to indicate that
 // we cannot detect it.
 GTEST_API_ size_t GetThreadCount();
 
 // Passing non-POD classes through ellipsis (...) crashes the ARM
 // compiler and generates a warning in Sun Studio.  The Nokia Symbian
 // and the IBM XL C/C++ compiler try to instantiate a copy constructor
@@ -1573,24 +2274,35 @@ inline bool IsSpace(char ch) {
   return isspace(static_cast<unsigned char>(ch)) != 0;
 }
 inline bool IsUpper(char ch) {
   return isupper(static_cast<unsigned char>(ch)) != 0;
 }
 inline bool IsXDigit(char ch) {
   return isxdigit(static_cast<unsigned char>(ch)) != 0;
 }
+inline bool IsXDigit(wchar_t ch) {
+  const unsigned char low_byte = static_cast<unsigned char>(ch);
+  return ch == low_byte && isxdigit(low_byte) != 0;
+}
 
 inline char ToLower(char ch) {
   return static_cast<char>(tolower(static_cast<unsigned char>(ch)));
 }
 inline char ToUpper(char ch) {
   return static_cast<char>(toupper(static_cast<unsigned char>(ch)));
 }
 
+inline std::string StripTrailingSpaces(std::string str) {
+  std::string::iterator it = str.end();
+  while (it != str.begin() && IsSpace(*--it))
+    it = str.erase(it);
+  return str;
+}
+
 // The testing::internal::posix namespace holds wrappers for common
 // POSIX functions.  These wrappers hide the differences between
 // Windows/MSVC and POSIX systems.  Since some compilers define these
 // standard functions as macros, the wrapper cannot have the same name
 // as the wrapped function.
 
 namespace posix {
 
@@ -1644,31 +2356,27 @@ inline int StrCaseCmp(const char* s1, co
 inline char* StrDup(const char* src) { return strdup(src); }
 inline int RmDir(const char* dir) { return rmdir(dir); }
 inline bool IsDir(const StatStruct& st) { return S_ISDIR(st.st_mode); }
 
 #endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 
 // Functions deprecated by MSVC 8.0.
 
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-// Temporarily disable warning 4996 (deprecated function).
-# pragma warning(push)
-# pragma warning(disable:4996)
-#endif
+GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(4996 /* deprecated function */)
 
 inline const char* StrNCpy(char* dest, const char* src, size_t n) {
   return strncpy(dest, src, n);
 }
 
 // ChDir(), FReopen(), FDOpen(), Read(), Write(), Close(), and
 // StrError() aren't needed on Windows CE at this time and thus not
 // defined there.
 
-#if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+#if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_PHONE && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_RT
 inline int ChDir(const char* dir) { return chdir(dir); }
 #endif
 inline FILE* FOpen(const char* path, const char* mode) {
   return fopen(path, mode);
 }
 #if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
 inline FILE *FReopen(const char* path, const char* mode, FILE* stream) {
   return freopen(path, mode, stream);
@@ -1682,44 +2390,60 @@ inline int Read(int fd, void* buf, unsig
 }
 inline int Write(int fd, const void* buf, unsigned int count) {
   return static_cast<int>(write(fd, buf, count));
 }
 inline int Close(int fd) { return close(fd); }
 inline const char* StrError(int errnum) { return strerror(errnum); }
 #endif
 inline const char* GetEnv(const char* name) {
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE || GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_PHONE | GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_RT
   // We are on Windows CE, which has no environment variables.
+  static_cast<void>(name);  // To prevent 'unused argument' warning.
   return NULL;
 #elif defined(__BORLANDC__) || defined(__SunOS_5_8) || defined(__SunOS_5_9)
   // Environment variables which we programmatically clear will be set to the
   // empty string rather than unset (NULL).  Handle that case.
   const char* const env = getenv(name);
   return (env != NULL && env[0] != '\0') ? env : NULL;
 #else
   return getenv(name);
 #endif
 }
 
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-# pragma warning(pop)  // Restores the warning state.
-#endif
+GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_()
 
 #if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
 // Windows CE has no C library. The abort() function is used in
 // several places in Google Test. This implementation provides a reasonable
 // imitation of standard behaviour.
 void Abort();
 #else
 inline void Abort() { abort(); }
 #endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
 
 }  // namespace posix
 
+// MSVC "deprecates" snprintf and issues warnings wherever it is used.  In
+// order to avoid these warnings, we need to use _snprintf or _snprintf_s on
+// MSVC-based platforms.  We map the GTEST_SNPRINTF_ macro to the appropriate
+// function in order to achieve that.  We use macro definition here because
+// snprintf is a variadic function.
+#if _MSC_VER >= 1400 && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+// MSVC 2005 and above support variadic macros.
+# define GTEST_SNPRINTF_(buffer, size, format, ...) \
+     _snprintf_s(buffer, size, size, format, __VA_ARGS__)
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
+// Windows CE does not define _snprintf_s and MSVC prior to 2005 doesn't
+// complain about _snprintf.
+# define GTEST_SNPRINTF_ _snprintf
+#else
+# define GTEST_SNPRINTF_ snprintf
+#endif
+
 // The maximum number a BiggestInt can represent.  This definition
 // works no matter BiggestInt is represented in one's complement or
 // two's complement.
 //
 // We cannot rely on numeric_limits in STL, as __int64 and long long
 // are not part of standard C++ and numeric_limits doesn't need to be
 // defined for them.
 const BiggestInt kMaxBiggestInt =
@@ -1762,17 +2486,16 @@ class TypeWithSize<4> {
   typedef int Int;
   typedef unsigned int UInt;
 };
 
 // The specialization for size 8.
 template <>
 class TypeWithSize<8> {
  public:
-
 #if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
   typedef __int64 Int;
   typedef unsigned __int64 UInt;
 #else
   typedef long long Int;  // NOLINT
   typedef unsigned long long UInt;  // NOLINT
 #endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 };
@@ -1782,43 +2505,60 @@ typedef TypeWithSize<4>::Int Int32;
 typedef TypeWithSize<4>::UInt UInt32;
 typedef TypeWithSize<8>::Int Int64;
 typedef TypeWithSize<8>::UInt UInt64;
 typedef TypeWithSize<8>::Int TimeInMillis;  // Represents time in milliseconds.
 
 // Utilities for command line flags and environment variables.
 
 // Macro for referencing flags.
-#define GTEST_FLAG(name) FLAGS_gtest_##name
+#if !defined(GTEST_FLAG)
+# define GTEST_FLAG(name) FLAGS_gtest_##name
+#endif  // !defined(GTEST_FLAG)
+
+#if !defined(GTEST_USE_OWN_FLAGFILE_FLAG_)
+# define GTEST_USE_OWN_FLAGFILE_FLAG_ 1
+#endif  // !defined(GTEST_USE_OWN_FLAGFILE_FLAG_)
+
+#if !defined(GTEST_DECLARE_bool_)
+# define GTEST_FLAG_SAVER_ ::testing::internal::GTestFlagSaver
 
 // Macros for declaring flags.
-#define GTEST_DECLARE_bool_(name) GTEST_API_ extern bool GTEST_FLAG(name)
-#define GTEST_DECLARE_int32_(name) \
+# define GTEST_DECLARE_bool_(name) GTEST_API_ extern bool GTEST_FLAG(name)
+# define GTEST_DECLARE_int32_(name) \
     GTEST_API_ extern ::testing::internal::Int32 GTEST_FLAG(name)
 #define GTEST_DECLARE_string_(name) \
-    GTEST_API_ extern ::testing::internal::String GTEST_FLAG(name)
+    GTEST_API_ extern ::std::string GTEST_FLAG(name)
 
 // Macros for defining flags.
 #define GTEST_DEFINE_bool_(name, default_val, doc) \
     GTEST_API_ bool GTEST_FLAG(name) = (default_val)
 #define GTEST_DEFINE_int32_(name, default_val, doc) \
     GTEST_API_ ::testing::internal::Int32 GTEST_FLAG(name) = (default_val)
 #define GTEST_DEFINE_string_(name, default_val, doc) \
-    GTEST_API_ ::testing::internal::String GTEST_FLAG(name) = (default_val)
+    GTEST_API_ ::std::string GTEST_FLAG(name) = (default_val)
+
+#endif  // !defined(GTEST_DECLARE_bool_)
+
+// Thread annotations
+#if !defined(GTEST_EXCLUSIVE_LOCK_REQUIRED_)
+# define GTEST_EXCLUSIVE_LOCK_REQUIRED_(locks)
+# define GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(locks)
+#endif  // !defined(GTEST_EXCLUSIVE_LOCK_REQUIRED_)
 
 // Parses 'str' for a 32-bit signed integer.  If successful, writes the result
 // to *value and returns true; otherwise leaves *value unchanged and returns
 // false.
 // TODO(chandlerc): Find a better way to refactor flag and environment parsing
 // out of both gtest-port.cc and gtest.cc to avoid exporting this utility
 // function.
 bool ParseInt32(const Message& src_text, const char* str, Int32* value);
 
 // Parses a bool/Int32/string from the environment variable
 // corresponding to the given Google Test flag.
 bool BoolFromGTestEnv(const char* flag, bool default_val);
 GTEST_API_ Int32 Int32FromGTestEnv(const char* flag, Int32 default_val);
-const char* StringFromGTestEnv(const char* flag, const char* default_val);
+std::string StringFromGTestEnv(const char* flag, const char* default_val);
 
 }  // namespace internal
 }  // namespace testing
 
 #endif  // GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_PORT_H_
--- a/testing/gtest/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-string.h
+++ b/testing/gtest/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-string.h
@@ -42,60 +42,28 @@
 #define GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_STRING_H_
 
 #ifdef __BORLANDC__
 // string.h is not guaranteed to provide strcpy on C++ Builder.
 # include <mem.h>
 #endif
 
 #include <string.h>
-#include "gtest/internal/gtest-port.h"
+#include <string>
 
-#include <string>
+#include "gtest/internal/gtest-port.h"
 
 namespace testing {
 namespace internal {
 
-// String - a UTF-8 string class.
-//
-// For historic reasons, we don't use std::string.
-//
-// TODO(wan@google.com): replace this class with std::string or
-// implement it in terms of the latter.
-//
-// Note that String can represent both NULL and the empty string,
-// while std::string cannot represent NULL.
-//
-// NULL and the empty string are considered different.  NULL is less
-// than anything (including the empty string) except itself.
-//
-// This class only provides minimum functionality necessary for
-// implementing Google Test.  We do not intend to implement a full-fledged
-// string class here.
-//
-// Since the purpose of this class is to provide a substitute for
-// std::string on platforms where it cannot be used, we define a copy
-// constructor and assignment operators such that we don't need
-// conditional compilation in a lot of places.
-//
-// In order to make the representation efficient, the d'tor of String
-// is not virtual.  Therefore DO NOT INHERIT FROM String.
+// String - an abstract class holding static string utilities.
 class GTEST_API_ String {
  public:
   // Static utility methods
 
-  // Returns the input enclosed in double quotes if it's not NULL;
-  // otherwise returns "(null)".  For example, "\"Hello\"" is returned
-  // for input "Hello".
-  //
-  // This is useful for printing a C string in the syntax of a literal.
-  //
-  // Known issue: escape sequences are not handled yet.
-  static String ShowCStringQuoted(const char* c_str);
-
   // Clones a 0-terminated C string, allocating memory using new.  The
   // caller is responsible for deleting the return value using
   // delete[].  Returns the cloned string, or NULL if the input is
   // NULL.
   //
   // This is different from strdup() in string.h, which allocates
   // memory using malloc().
   static const char* CloneCString(const char* c_str);
@@ -132,21 +100,17 @@ class GTEST_API_ String {
   // NULL C string is considered different to any non-NULL C string,
   // including the empty string.
   static bool CStringEquals(const char* lhs, const char* rhs);
 
   // Converts a wide C string to a String using the UTF-8 encoding.
   // NULL will be converted to "(null)".  If an error occurred during
   // the conversion, "(failed to convert from wide string)" is
   // returned.
-  static String ShowWideCString(const wchar_t* wide_c_str);
-
-  // Similar to ShowWideCString(), except that this function encloses
-  // the converted string in double quotes.
-  static String ShowWideCStringQuoted(const wchar_t* wide_c_str);
+  static std::string ShowWideCString(const wchar_t* wide_c_str);
 
   // Compares two wide C strings.  Returns true iff they have the same
   // content.
   //
   // Unlike wcscmp(), this function can handle NULL argument(s).  A
   // NULL C string is considered different to any non-NULL C string,
   // including the empty string.
   static bool WideCStringEquals(const wchar_t* lhs, const wchar_t* rhs);
@@ -170,181 +134,34 @@ class GTEST_API_ String {
   // On windows, this method uses _wcsicmp which compares according to LC_CTYPE
   // environment variable. On GNU platform this method uses wcscasecmp
   // which compares according to LC_CTYPE category of the current locale.
   // On MacOS X, it uses towlower, which also uses LC_CTYPE category of the
   // current locale.
   static bool CaseInsensitiveWideCStringEquals(const wchar_t* lhs,
                                                const wchar_t* rhs);
 
-  // Formats a list of arguments to a String, using the same format
-  // spec string as for printf.
-  //
-  // We do not use the StringPrintf class as it is not universally
-  // available.
-  //
-  // The result is limited to 4096 characters (including the tailing
-  // 0).  If 4096 characters are not enough to format the input,
-  // "<buffer exceeded>" is returned.
-  static String Format(const char* format, ...);
-
-  // C'tors
-
-  // The default c'tor constructs a NULL string.
-  String() : c_str_(NULL), length_(0) {}
-
-  // Constructs a String by cloning a 0-terminated C string.
-  String(const char* a_c_str) {  // NOLINT
-    if (a_c_str == NULL) {
-      c_str_ = NULL;
-      length_ = 0;
-    } else {
-      ConstructNonNull(a_c_str, strlen(a_c_str));
-    }
-  }
-
-  // Constructs a String by copying a given number of chars from a
-  // buffer.  E.g. String("hello", 3) creates the string "hel",
-  // String("a\0bcd", 4) creates "a\0bc", String(NULL, 0) creates "",
-  // and String(NULL, 1) results in access violation.
-  String(const char* buffer, size_t a_length) {
-    ConstructNonNull(buffer, a_length);
-  }
-
-  // The copy c'tor creates a new copy of the string.  The two
-  // String objects do not share content.
-  String(const String& str) : c_str_(NULL), length_(0) { *this = str; }
-
-  // D'tor.  String is intended to be a final class, so the d'tor
-  // doesn't need to be virtual.
-  ~String() { delete[] c_str_; }
-
-  // Allows a String to be implicitly converted to an ::std::string or
-  // ::string, and vice versa.  Converting a String containing a NULL
-  // pointer to ::std::string or ::string is undefined behavior.
-  // Converting a ::std::string or ::string containing an embedded NUL
-  // character to a String will result in the prefix up to the first
-  // NUL character.
-  String(const ::std::string& str) {
-    ConstructNonNull(str.c_str(), str.length());
-  }
-
-  operator ::std::string() const { return ::std::string(c_str(), length()); }
-
-#if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
-  String(const ::string& str) {
-    ConstructNonNull(str.c_str(), str.length());
-  }
+  // Returns true iff the given string ends with the given suffix, ignoring
+  // case. Any string is considered to end with an empty suffix.
+  static bool EndsWithCaseInsensitive(
+      const std::string& str, const std::string& suffix);
 
-  operator ::string() const { return ::string(c_str(), length()); }
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
-
-  // Returns true iff this is an empty string (i.e. "").
-  bool empty() const { return (c_str() != NULL) && (length() == 0); }
-
-  // Compares this with another String.
-  // Returns < 0 if this is less than rhs, 0 if this is equal to rhs, or > 0
-  // if this is greater than rhs.
-  int Compare(const String& rhs) const;
-
-  // Returns true iff this String equals the given C string.  A NULL
-  // string and a non-NULL string are considered not equal.
-  bool operator==(const char* a_c_str) const { return Compare(a_c_str) == 0; }
-
-  // Returns true iff this String is less than the given String.  A
-  // NULL string is considered less than "".
-  bool operator<(const String& rhs) const { return Compare(rhs) < 0; }
-
-  // Returns true iff this String doesn't equal the given C string.  A NULL
-  // string and a non-NULL string are considered not equal.
-  bool operator!=(const char* a_c_str) const { return !(*this == a_c_str); }
-
-  // Returns true iff this String ends with the given suffix.  *Any*
-  // String is considered to end with a NULL or empty suffix.
-  bool EndsWith(const char* suffix) const;
+  // Formats an int value as "%02d".
+  static std::string FormatIntWidth2(int value);  // "%02d" for width == 2
 
-  // Returns true iff this String ends with the given suffix, not considering
-  // case. Any String is considered to end with a NULL or empty suffix.
-  bool EndsWithCaseInsensitive(const char* suffix) const;
-
-  // Returns the length of the encapsulated string, or 0 if the
-  // string is NULL.
-  size_t length() const { return length_; }
-
-  // Gets the 0-terminated C string this String object represents.
-  // The String object still owns the string.  Therefore the caller
-  // should NOT delete the return value.
-  const char* c_str() const { return c_str_; }
+  // Formats an int value as "%X".
+  static std::string FormatHexInt(int value);
 
-  // Assigns a C string to this object.  Self-assignment works.
-  const String& operator=(const char* a_c_str) {
-    return *this = String(a_c_str);
-  }
-
-  // Assigns a String object to this object.  Self-assignment works.
-  const String& operator=(const String& rhs) {
-    if (this != &rhs) {
-      delete[] c_str_;
-      if (rhs.c_str() == NULL) {
-        c_str_ = NULL;
-        length_ = 0;
-      } else {
-        ConstructNonNull(rhs.c_str(), rhs.length());
-      }
-    }
-
-    return *this;
-  }
+  // Formats a byte as "%02X".
+  static std::string FormatByte(unsigned char value);
 
  private:
-  // Constructs a non-NULL String from the given content.  This
-  // function can only be called when c_str_ has not been allocated.
-  // ConstructNonNull(NULL, 0) results in an empty string ("").
-  // ConstructNonNull(NULL, non_zero) is undefined behavior.
-  void ConstructNonNull(const char* buffer, size_t a_length) {
-    char* const str = new char[a_length + 1];
-    memcpy(str, buffer, a_length);
-    str[a_length] = '\0';
-    c_str_ = str;
-    length_ = a_length;
-  }
-
-  const char* c_str_;
-  size_t length_;
+  String();  // Not meant to be instantiated.
 };  // class String
 
-// Streams a String to an ostream.  Each '\0' character in the String
-// is replaced with "\\0".
-inline ::std::ostream& operator<<(::std::ostream& os, const String& str) {
-  if (str.c_str() == NULL) {
-    os << "(null)";
-  } else {
-    const char* const c_str = str.c_str();
-    for (size_t i = 0; i != str.length(); i++) {
-      if (c_str[i] == '\0') {
-        os << "\\0";
-      } else {
-        os << c_str[i];
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  return os;
-}
-
-// Gets the content of the stringstream's buffer as a String.  Each '\0'
+// Gets the content of the stringstream's buffer as an std::string.  Each '\0'
 // character in the buffer is replaced with "\\0".
-GTEST_API_ String StringStreamToString(::std::stringstream* stream);
-
-// Converts a streamable value to a String.  A NULL pointer is
-// converted to "(null)".  When the input value is a ::string,
-// ::std::string, ::wstring, or ::std::wstring object, each NUL
-// character in it is replaced with "\\0".
-
-// Declared here but defined in gtest.h, so that it has access
-// to the definition of the Message class, required by the ARM
-// compiler.
-template <typename T>
-String StreamableToString(const T& streamable);
+GTEST_API_ std::string StringStreamToString(::std::stringstream* stream);
 
 }  // namespace internal
 }  // namespace testing
 
 #endif  // GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_STRING_H_
--- a/testing/gtest/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-tuple.h
+++ b/testing/gtest/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-tuple.h
@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
-// This file was GENERATED by a script.  DO NOT EDIT BY HAND!!!
+// This file was GENERATED by command:
+//     pump.py gtest-tuple.h.pump
+// DO NOT EDIT BY HAND!!!
 
 // Copyright 2009 Google Inc.
 // All Rights Reserved.
 //
 // Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 // modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
 // met:
 //
@@ -46,16 +48,24 @@
 #if defined(__SYMBIAN32__) || (defined(__SUNPRO_CC) && __SUNPRO_CC < 0x590)
 # define GTEST_DECLARE_TUPLE_AS_FRIEND_ public:
 #else
 # define GTEST_DECLARE_TUPLE_AS_FRIEND_ \
     template <GTEST_10_TYPENAMES_(U)> friend class tuple; \
    private:
 #endif
 
+// Visual Studio 2010, 2012, and 2013 define symbols in std::tr1 that conflict
+// with our own definitions. Therefore using our own tuple does not work on
+// those compilers.
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1600  /* 1600 is Visual Studio 2010 */
+# error "gtest's tuple doesn't compile on Visual Studio 2010 or later. \
+GTEST_USE_OWN_TR1_TUPLE must be set to 0 on those compilers."
+#endif
+
 // GTEST_n_TUPLE_(T) is the type of an n-tuple.
 #define GTEST_0_TUPLE_(T) tuple<>
 #define GTEST_1_TUPLE_(T) tuple<T##0, void, void, void, void, void, void, \
     void, void, void>
 #define GTEST_2_TUPLE_(T) tuple<T##0, T##1, void, void, void, void, void, \
     void, void, void>
 #define GTEST_3_TUPLE_(T) tuple<T##0, T##1, T##2, void, void, void, void, \
     void, void, void>
@@ -135,44 +145,64 @@ struct AddRef<T&> { typedef T& type; }; 
 template <int k> class Get;
 
 // A helper for implementing tuple_element<k, T>.  kIndexValid is true
 // iff k < the number of fields in tuple type T.
 template <bool kIndexValid, int kIndex, class Tuple>
 struct TupleElement;
 
 template <GTEST_10_TYPENAMES_(T)>
-struct TupleElement<true, 0, GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T)> { typedef T0 type; };
+struct TupleElement<true, 0, GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T) > {
+  typedef T0 type;
+};
 
 template <GTEST_10_TYPENAMES_(T)>
-struct TupleElement<true, 1, GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T)> { typedef T1 type; };
+struct TupleElement<true, 1, GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T) > {
+  typedef T1 type;
+};
 
 template <GTEST_10_TYPENAMES_(T)>
-struct TupleElement<true, 2, GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T)> { typedef T2 type; };
+struct TupleElement<true, 2, GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T) > {
+  typedef T2 type;
+};
 
 template <GTEST_10_TYPENAMES_(T)>
-struct TupleElement<true, 3, GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T)> { typedef T3 type; };
+struct TupleElement<true, 3, GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T) > {
+  typedef T3 type;
+};
 
 template <GTEST_10_TYPENAMES_(T)>
-struct TupleElement<true, 4, GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T)> { typedef T4 type; };
+struct TupleElement<true, 4, GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T) > {
+  typedef T4 type;
+};
 
 template <GTEST_10_TYPENAMES_(T)>
-struct TupleElement<true, 5, GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T)> { typedef T5 type; };
+struct TupleElement<true, 5, GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T) > {
+  typedef T5 type;
+};
 
 template <GTEST_10_TYPENAMES_(T)>
-struct TupleElement<true, 6, GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T)> { typedef T6 type; };
+struct TupleElement<true, 6, GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T) > {
+  typedef T6 type;
+};
 
 template <GTEST_10_TYPENAMES_(T)>
-struct TupleElement<true, 7, GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T)> { typedef T7 type; };
+struct TupleElement<true, 7, GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T) > {
+  typedef T7 type;
+};
 
 template <GTEST_10_TYPENAMES_(T)>
-struct TupleElement<true, 8, GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T)> { typedef T8 type; };
+struct TupleElement<true, 8, GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T) > {
+  typedef T8 type;
+};
 
 template <GTEST_10_TYPENAMES_(T)>
-struct TupleElement<true, 9, GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T)> { typedef T9 type; };
+struct TupleElement<true, 9, GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T) > {
+  typedef T9 type;
+};
 
 }  // namespace gtest_internal
 
 template <>
 class tuple<> {
  public:
   tuple() {}
   tuple(const tuple& /* t */)  {}
@@ -703,47 +733,69 @@ inline GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T) make_tuple(con
   return GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T)(f0, f1, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9);
 }
 
 // 6.1.3.3 Tuple helper classes.
 
 template <typename Tuple> struct tuple_size;
 
 template <GTEST_0_TYPENAMES_(T)>
-struct tuple_size<GTEST_0_TUPLE_(T)> { static const int value = 0; };
+struct tuple_size<GTEST_0_TUPLE_(T) > {
+  static const int value = 0;
+};
 
 template <GTEST_1_TYPENAMES_(T)>
-struct tuple_size<GTEST_1_TUPLE_(T)> { static const int value = 1; };
+struct tuple_size<GTEST_1_TUPLE_(T) > {
+  static const int value = 1;
+};
 
 template <GTEST_2_TYPENAMES_(T)>
-struct tuple_size<GTEST_2_TUPLE_(T)> { static const int value = 2; };
+struct tuple_size<GTEST_2_TUPLE_(T) > {
+  static const int value = 2;
+};
 
 template <GTEST_3_TYPENAMES_(T)>
-struct tuple_size<GTEST_3_TUPLE_(T)> { static const int value = 3; };
+struct tuple_size<GTEST_3_TUPLE_(T) > {
+  static const int value = 3;
+};
 
 template <GTEST_4_TYPENAMES_(T)>
-struct tuple_size<GTEST_4_TUPLE_(T)> { static const int value = 4; };
+struct tuple_size<GTEST_4_TUPLE_(T) > {
+  static const int value = 4;
+};
 
 template <GTEST_5_TYPENAMES_(T)>
-struct tuple_size<GTEST_5_TUPLE_(T)> { static const int value = 5; };
+struct tuple_size<GTEST_5_TUPLE_(T) > {
+  static const int value = 5;
+};
 
 template <GTEST_6_TYPENAMES_(T)>
-struct tuple_size<GTEST_6_TUPLE_(T)> { static const int value = 6; };
+struct tuple_size<GTEST_6_TUPLE_(T) > {
+  static const int value = 6;
+};
 
 template <GTEST_7_TYPENAMES_(T)>
-struct tuple_size<GTEST_7_TUPLE_(T)> { static const int value = 7; };
+struct tuple_size<GTEST_7_TUPLE_(T) > {
+  static const int value = 7;
+};
 
 template <GTEST_8_TYPENAMES_(T)>
-struct tuple_size<GTEST_8_TUPLE_(T)> { static const int value = 8; };
+struct tuple_size<GTEST_8_TUPLE_(T) > {
+  static const int value = 8;
+};
 
 template <GTEST_9_TYPENAMES_(T)>
-struct tuple_size<GTEST_9_TUPLE_(T)> { static const int value = 9; };
+struct tuple_size<GTEST_9_TUPLE_(T) > {
+  static const int value = 9;
+};
 
 template <GTEST_10_TYPENAMES_(T)>
-struct tuple_size<GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T)> { static const int value = 10; };
+struct tuple_size<GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T) > {
+  static const int value = 10;
+};
 
 template <int k, class Tuple>
 struct tuple_element {
   typedef typename gtest_internal::TupleElement<
       k < (tuple_size<Tuple>::value), k, Tuple>::type type;
 };
 
 #define GTEST_TUPLE_ELEMENT_(k, Tuple) typename tuple_element<k, Tuple >::type
@@ -917,18 +969,18 @@ struct SameSizeTuplePrefixComparator<k, 
 };
 
 }  // namespace gtest_internal
 
 template <GTEST_10_TYPENAMES_(T), GTEST_10_TYPENAMES_(U)>
 inline bool operator==(const GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T)& t,
                        const GTEST_10_TUPLE_(U)& u) {
   return gtest_internal::SameSizeTuplePrefixComparator<
-      tuple_size<GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T)>::value,
-      tuple_size<GTEST_10_TUPLE_(U)>::value>::Eq(t, u);
+      tuple_size<GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T) >::value,
+      tuple_size<GTEST_10_TUPLE_(U) >::value>::Eq(t, u);
 }
 
 template <GTEST_10_TYPENAMES_(T), GTEST_10_TYPENAMES_(U)>
 inline bool operator!=(const GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T)& t,
                        const GTEST_10_TUPLE_(U)& u) { return !(t == u); }
 
 // 6.1.4 Pairs.
 // Unimplemented.
--- a/testing/gtest/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-tuple.h.pump
+++ b/testing/gtest/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-tuple.h.pump
@@ -47,16 +47,24 @@
 #if defined(__SYMBIAN32__) || (defined(__SUNPRO_CC) && __SUNPRO_CC < 0x590)
 # define GTEST_DECLARE_TUPLE_AS_FRIEND_ public:
 #else
 # define GTEST_DECLARE_TUPLE_AS_FRIEND_ \
     template <GTEST_$(n)_TYPENAMES_(U)> friend class tuple; \
    private:
 #endif
 
+// Visual Studio 2010, 2012, and 2013 define symbols in std::tr1 that conflict
+// with our own definitions. Therefore using our own tuple does not work on
+// those compilers.
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1600  /* 1600 is Visual Studio 2010 */
+# error "gtest's tuple doesn't compile on Visual Studio 2010 or later. \
+GTEST_USE_OWN_TR1_TUPLE must be set to 0 on those compilers."
+#endif
+
 
 $range i 0..n-1
 $range j 0..n
 $range k 1..n
 // GTEST_n_TUPLE_(T) is the type of an n-tuple.
 #define GTEST_0_TUPLE_(T) tuple<>
 
 $for k [[
@@ -113,18 +121,19 @@ template <int k> class Get;
 // A helper for implementing tuple_element<k, T>.  kIndexValid is true
 // iff k < the number of fields in tuple type T.
 template <bool kIndexValid, int kIndex, class Tuple>
 struct TupleElement;
 
 
 $for i [[
 template <GTEST_$(n)_TYPENAMES_(T)>
-struct TupleElement<true, $i, GTEST_$(n)_TUPLE_(T)> [[]]
-{ typedef T$i type; };
+struct TupleElement<true, $i, GTEST_$(n)_TUPLE_(T) > {
+  typedef T$i type;
+};
 
 
 ]]
 }  // namespace gtest_internal
 
 template <>
 class tuple<> {
  public:
@@ -215,17 +224,19 @@ inline GTEST_$(k)_TUPLE_(T) make_tuple($
 
 // 6.1.3.3 Tuple helper classes.
 
 template <typename Tuple> struct tuple_size;
 
 
 $for j [[
 template <GTEST_$(j)_TYPENAMES_(T)>
-struct tuple_size<GTEST_$(j)_TUPLE_(T)> { static const int value = $j; };
+struct tuple_size<GTEST_$(j)_TUPLE_(T) > {
+  static const int value = $j;
+};
 
 
 ]]
 template <int k, class Tuple>
 struct tuple_element {
   typedef typename gtest_internal::TupleElement<
       k < (tuple_size<Tuple>::value), k, Tuple>::type type;
 };
@@ -297,18 +308,18 @@ struct SameSizeTuplePrefixComparator<k, 
 };
 
 }  // namespace gtest_internal
 
 template <GTEST_$(n)_TYPENAMES_(T), GTEST_$(n)_TYPENAMES_(U)>
 inline bool operator==(const GTEST_$(n)_TUPLE_(T)& t,
                        const GTEST_$(n)_TUPLE_(U)& u) {
   return gtest_internal::SameSizeTuplePrefixComparator<
-      tuple_size<GTEST_$(n)_TUPLE_(T)>::value,
-      tuple_size<GTEST_$(n)_TUPLE_(U)>::value>::Eq(t, u);
+      tuple_size<GTEST_$(n)_TUPLE_(T) >::value,
+      tuple_size<GTEST_$(n)_TUPLE_(U) >::value>::Eq(t, u);
 }
 
 template <GTEST_$(n)_TYPENAMES_(T), GTEST_$(n)_TYPENAMES_(U)>
 inline bool operator!=(const GTEST_$(n)_TUPLE_(T)& t,
                        const GTEST_$(n)_TUPLE_(U)& u) { return !(t == u); }
 
 // 6.1.4 Pairs.
 // Unimplemented.
--- a/testing/gtest/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-type-util.h
+++ b/testing/gtest/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-type-util.h
@@ -40,51 +40,50 @@
 // type-parameterized tests in one type-parameterized test case.
 // Please contact googletestframework@googlegroups.com if you need
 // more.
 
 #ifndef GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_TYPE_UTIL_H_
 #define GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_TYPE_UTIL_H_
 
 #include "gtest/internal/gtest-port.h"
-#include "gtest/internal/gtest-string.h"
 
 // #ifdef __GNUC__ is too general here.  It is possible to use gcc without using
 // libstdc++ (which is where cxxabi.h comes from).
-# ifdef __GLIBCXX__
+# if GTEST_HAS_CXXABI_H_
 #  include <cxxabi.h>
 # elif defined(__HP_aCC)
 #  include <acxx_demangle.h>
-# endif  // __GLIBCXX__
+# endif  // GTEST_HASH_CXXABI_H_
 
 namespace testing {
 namespace internal {
 
 // GetTypeName<T>() returns a human-readable name of type T.
 // NB: This function is also used in Google Mock, so don't move it inside of
 // the typed-test-only section below.
 template <typename T>
-String GetTypeName() {
+std::string GetTypeName() {
 # if GTEST_HAS_RTTI
 
   const char* const name = typeid(T).name();
-#  if defined(__GLIBCXX__) || defined(__HP_aCC)
+#  if GTEST_HAS_CXXABI_H_ || defined(__HP_aCC)
   int status = 0;
   // gcc's implementation of typeid(T).name() mangles the type name,
   // so we have to demangle it.
-#   ifdef __GLIBCXX__
+#   if GTEST_HAS_CXXABI_H_
   using abi::__cxa_demangle;
-#   endif // __GLIBCXX__
+#   endif  // GTEST_HAS_CXXABI_H_
   char* const readable_name = __cxa_demangle(name, 0, 0, &status);
-  const String name_str(status == 0 ? readable_name : name);
+  const std::string name_str(status == 0 ? readable_name : name);
   free(readable_name);
   return name_str;
 #  else
   return name;
-#  endif  // __GLIBCXX__ || __HP_aCC
+#  endif  // GTEST_HAS_CXXABI_H_ || __HP_aCC
 
 # else
 
   return "<type>";
 
 # endif  // GTEST_HAS_RTTI
 }
 
@@ -3295,17 +3294,19 @@ struct Templates<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6,
       T42, T43, T44, T45, T46, T47, T48, T49> type;
 };
 
 // The TypeList template makes it possible to use either a single type
 // or a Types<...> list in TYPED_TEST_CASE() and
 // INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P().
 
 template <typename T>
-struct TypeList { typedef Types1<T> type; };
+struct TypeList {
+  typedef Types1<T> type;
+};
 
 template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
     typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
     typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15,
     typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20,
     typename T21, typename T22, typename T23, typename T24, typename T25,
     typename T26, typename T27, typename T28, typename T29, typename T30,
     typename T31, typename T32, typename T33, typename T34, typename T35,
--- a/testing/gtest/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-type-util.h.pump
+++ b/testing/gtest/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-type-util.h.pump
@@ -38,51 +38,50 @@
 // type-parameterized tests in one type-parameterized test case.
 // Please contact googletestframework@googlegroups.com if you need
 // more.
 
 #ifndef GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_TYPE_UTIL_H_
 #define GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_TYPE_UTIL_H_
 
 #include "gtest/internal/gtest-port.h"
-#include "gtest/internal/gtest-string.h"
 
 // #ifdef __GNUC__ is too general here.  It is possible to use gcc without using
 // libstdc++ (which is where cxxabi.h comes from).
-# ifdef __GLIBCXX__
+# if GTEST_HAS_CXXABI_H_
 #  include <cxxabi.h>
 # elif defined(__HP_aCC)
 #  include <acxx_demangle.h>
-# endif  // __GLIBCXX__
+# endif  // GTEST_HASH_CXXABI_H_
 
 namespace testing {
 namespace internal {
 
 // GetTypeName<T>() returns a human-readable name of type T.
 // NB: This function is also used in Google Mock, so don't move it inside of
 // the typed-test-only section below.
 template <typename T>
-String GetTypeName() {
+std::string GetTypeName() {
 # if GTEST_HAS_RTTI
 
   const char* const name = typeid(T).name();
-#  if defined(__GLIBCXX__) || defined(__HP_aCC)
+#  if GTEST_HAS_CXXABI_H_ || defined(__HP_aCC)
   int status = 0;
   // gcc's implementation of typeid(T).name() mangles the type name,
   // so we have to demangle it.
-#   ifdef __GLIBCXX__
+#   if GTEST_HAS_CXXABI_H_
   using abi::__cxa_demangle;
-#   endif // __GLIBCXX__
+#   endif  // GTEST_HAS_CXXABI_H_
   char* const readable_name = __cxa_demangle(name, 0, 0, &status);
-  const String name_str(status == 0 ? readable_name : name);
+  const std::string name_str(status == 0 ? readable_name : name);
   free(readable_name);
   return name_str;
 #  else
   return name;
-#  endif  // __GLIBCXX__ || __HP_aCC
+#  endif  // GTEST_HAS_CXXABI_H_ || __HP_aCC
 
 # else
 
   return "<type>";
 
 # endif  // GTEST_HAS_RTTI
 }
 
@@ -274,17 +273,19 @@ struct Templates<$for j, [[T$j]]$for k[[
 
 ]]
 
 // The TypeList template makes it possible to use either a single type
 // or a Types<...> list in TYPED_TEST_CASE() and
 // INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P().
 
 template <typename T>
-struct TypeList { typedef Types1<T> type; };
+struct TypeList {
+  typedef Types1<T> type;
+};
 
 
 $range i 1..n
 template <$for i, [[typename T$i]]>
 struct TypeList<Types<$for i, [[T$i]]> > {
   typedef typename Types<$for i, [[T$i]]>::type type;
 };
 
--- a/testing/gtest/gtest/src/gtest-death-test.cc
+++ b/testing/gtest/gtest/src/gtest-death-test.cc
@@ -28,45 +28,55 @@
 // OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 //
 // Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan), vladl@google.com (Vlad Losev)
 //
 // This file implements death tests.
 
 #include "gtest/gtest-death-test.h"
 #include "gtest/internal/gtest-port.h"
+#include "gtest/internal/custom/gtest.h"
 
 #if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
 
 # if GTEST_OS_MAC
 #  include <crt_externs.h>
 # endif  // GTEST_OS_MAC
 
 # include <errno.h>
 # include <fcntl.h>
 # include <limits.h>
+
+# if GTEST_OS_LINUX
+#  include <signal.h>
+# endif  // GTEST_OS_LINUX
+
 # include <stdarg.h>
 
 # if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 #  include <windows.h>
 # else
 #  include <sys/mman.h>
 #  include <sys/wait.h>
 # endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 
+# if GTEST_OS_QNX
+#  include <spawn.h>
+# endif  // GTEST_OS_QNX
+
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
 
 #include "gtest/gtest-message.h"
 #include "gtest/internal/gtest-string.h"
 
 // Indicates that this translation unit is part of Google Test's
 // implementation.  It must come before gtest-internal-inl.h is
-// included, or there will be a compiler error.  This trick is to
-// prevent a user from accidentally including gtest-internal-inl.h in
-// his code.
+// included, or there will be a compiler error.  This trick exists to
+// prevent the accidental inclusion of gtest-internal-inl.h in the
+// user's code.
 #define GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_ 1
 #include "src/gtest-internal-inl.h"
 #undef GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_
 
 namespace testing {
 
 // Constants.
 
@@ -95,23 +105,54 @@ GTEST_DEFINE_bool_(
     "most likely be removed.");
 
 namespace internal {
 GTEST_DEFINE_string_(
     internal_run_death_test, "",
     "Indicates the file, line number, temporal index of "
     "the single death test to run, and a file descriptor to "
     "which a success code may be sent, all separated by "
-    "colons.  This flag is specified if and only if the current "
+    "the '|' characters.  This flag is specified if and only if the current "
     "process is a sub-process launched for running a thread-safe "
     "death test.  FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY.");
 }  // namespace internal
 
 #if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
 
+namespace internal {
+
+// Valid only for fast death tests. Indicates the code is running in the
+// child process of a fast style death test.
+# if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+static bool g_in_fast_death_test_child = false;
+# endif
+
+// Returns a Boolean value indicating whether the caller is currently
+// executing in the context of the death test child process.  Tools such as
+// Valgrind heap checkers may need this to modify their behavior in death
+// tests.  IMPORTANT: This is an internal utility.  Using it may break the
+// implementation of death tests.  User code MUST NOT use it.
+bool InDeathTestChild() {
+# if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+
+  // On Windows, death tests are thread-safe regardless of the value of the
+  // death_test_style flag.
+  return !GTEST_FLAG(internal_run_death_test).empty();
+
+# else
+
+  if (GTEST_FLAG(death_test_style) == "threadsafe")
+    return !GTEST_FLAG(internal_run_death_test).empty();
+  else
+    return g_in_fast_death_test_child;
+#endif
+}
+
+}  // namespace internal
+
 // ExitedWithCode constructor.
 ExitedWithCode::ExitedWithCode(int exit_code) : exit_code_(exit_code) {
 }
 
 // ExitedWithCode function-call operator.
 bool ExitedWithCode::operator()(int exit_status) const {
 # if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 
@@ -126,27 +167,35 @@ bool ExitedWithCode::operator()(int exit
 
 # if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 // KilledBySignal constructor.
 KilledBySignal::KilledBySignal(int signum) : signum_(signum) {
 }
 
 // KilledBySignal function-call operator.
 bool KilledBySignal::operator()(int exit_status) const {
+#  if defined(GTEST_KILLED_BY_SIGNAL_OVERRIDE_)
+  {
+    bool result;
+    if (GTEST_KILLED_BY_SIGNAL_OVERRIDE_(signum_, exit_status, &result)) {
+      return result;
+    }
+  }
+#  endif  // defined(GTEST_KILLED_BY_SIGNAL_OVERRIDE_)
   return WIFSIGNALED(exit_status) && WTERMSIG(exit_status) == signum_;
 }
 # endif  // !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 
 namespace internal {
 
 // Utilities needed for death tests.
 
 // Generates a textual description of a given exit code, in the format
 // specified by wait(2).
-static String ExitSummary(int exit_code) {
+static std::string ExitSummary(int exit_code) {
   Message m;
 
 # if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 
   m << "Exited with exit status " << exit_code;
 
 # else
 
@@ -171,17 +220,17 @@ bool ExitedUnsuccessfully(int exit_statu
   return !ExitedWithCode(0)(exit_status);
 }
 
 # if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 // Generates a textual failure message when a death test finds more than
 // one thread running, or cannot determine the number of threads, prior
 // to executing the given statement.  It is the responsibility of the
 // caller not to pass a thread_count of 1.
-static String DeathTestThreadWarning(size_t thread_count) {
+static std::string DeathTestThreadWarning(size_t thread_count) {
   Message msg;
   msg << "Death tests use fork(), which is unsafe particularly"
       << " in a threaded context. For this test, " << GTEST_NAME_ << " ";
   if (thread_count == 0)
     msg << "couldn't detect the number of threads.";
   else
     msg << "detected " << thread_count << " threads.";
   return msg.GetString();
@@ -205,17 +254,17 @@ static const char kDeathTestInternalErro
 // AbortReason, DeathTestOutcome, and flag characters above.
 enum DeathTestOutcome { IN_PROGRESS, DIED, LIVED, RETURNED, THREW };
 
 // Routine for aborting the program which is safe to call from an
 // exec-style death test child process, in which case the error
 // message is propagated back to the parent process.  Otherwise, the
 // message is simply printed to stderr.  In either case, the program
 // then exits with status 1.
-void DeathTestAbort(const String& message) {
+void DeathTestAbort(const std::string& message) {
   // On a POSIX system, this function may be called from a threadsafe-style
   // death test child process, which operates on a very small stack.  Use
   // the heap for any additional non-minuscule memory requirements.
   const InternalRunDeathTestFlag* const flag =
       GetUnitTestImpl()->internal_run_death_test_flag();
   if (flag != NULL) {
     FILE* parent = posix::FDOpen(flag->write_fd(), "w");
     fputc(kDeathTestInternalError, parent);
@@ -229,19 +278,20 @@ void DeathTestAbort(const String& messag
   }
 }
 
 // A replacement for CHECK that calls DeathTestAbort if the assertion
 // fails.
 # define GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(expression) \
   do { \
     if (!::testing::internal::IsTrue(expression)) { \
-      DeathTestAbort(::testing::internal::String::Format( \
-          "CHECK failed: File %s, line %d: %s", \
-          __FILE__, __LINE__, #expression)); \
+      DeathTestAbort( \
+          ::std::string("CHECK failed: File ") + __FILE__ +  ", line " \
+          + ::testing::internal::StreamableToString(__LINE__) + ": " \
+          + #expression); \
     } \
   } while (::testing::internal::AlwaysFalse())
 
 // This macro is similar to GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_, but it is meant for
 // evaluating any system call that fulfills two conditions: it must return
 // -1 on failure, and set errno to EINTR when it is interrupted and
 // should be tried again.  The macro expands to a loop that repeatedly
 // evaluates the expression as long as it evaluates to -1 and sets
@@ -249,25 +299,26 @@ void DeathTestAbort(const String& messag
 // something other than EINTR, DeathTestAbort is called.
 # define GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(expression) \
   do { \
     int gtest_retval; \
     do { \
       gtest_retval = (expression); \
     } while (gtest_retval == -1 && errno == EINTR); \
     if (gtest_retval == -1) { \
-      DeathTestAbort(::testing::internal::String::Format( \
-          "CHECK failed: File %s, line %d: %s != -1", \
-          __FILE__, __LINE__, #expression)); \
+      DeathTestAbort( \
+          ::std::string("CHECK failed: File ") + __FILE__ + ", line " \
+          + ::testing::internal::StreamableToString(__LINE__) + ": " \
+          + #expression + " != -1"); \
     } \
   } while (::testing::internal::AlwaysFalse())
 
 // Returns the message describing the last system error in errno.
-String GetLastErrnoDescription() {
-    return String(errno == 0 ? "" : posix::StrError(errno));
+std::string GetLastErrnoDescription() {
+    return errno == 0 ? "" : posix::StrError(errno);
 }
 
 // This is called from a death test parent process to read a failure
 // message from the death test child process and log it with the FATAL
 // severity. On Windows, the message is read from a pipe handle. On other
 // platforms, it is read from a file descriptor.
 static void FailFromInternalError(int fd) {
   Message error;
@@ -307,21 +358,21 @@ bool DeathTest::Create(const char* state
   return GetUnitTestImpl()->death_test_factory()->Create(
       statement, regex, file, line, test);
 }
 
 const char* DeathTest::LastMessage() {
   return last_death_test_message_.c_str();
 }
 
-void DeathTest::set_last_death_test_message(const String& message) {
+void DeathTest::set_last_death_test_message(const std::string& message) {
   last_death_test_message_ = message;
 }
 
-String DeathTest::last_death_test_message_;
+std::string DeathTest::last_death_test_message_;
 
 // Provides cross platform implementation for some death functionality.
 class DeathTestImpl : public DeathTest {
  protected:
   DeathTestImpl(const char* a_statement, const RE* a_regex)
       : statement_(a_statement),
         regex_(a_regex),
         spawned_(false),
@@ -486,17 +537,17 @@ static ::std::string FormatDeathTestOutp
 //
 // Returns true iff all of the above conditions are met.  Otherwise, the
 // first failing condition, in the order given above, is the one that is
 // reported. Also sets the last death test message string.
 bool DeathTestImpl::Passed(bool status_ok) {
   if (!spawned())
     return false;
 
-  const String error_message = GetCapturedStderr();
+  const std::string error_message = GetCapturedStderr();
 
   bool success = false;
   Message buffer;
 
   buffer << "Death test: " << statement() << "\n";
   switch (outcome()) {
     case LIVED:
       buffer << "    Result: failed to die.\n"
@@ -668,43 +719,39 @@ DeathTest::TestRole WindowsDeathTest::As
                                 O_RDONLY));
   write_handle_.Reset(write_handle);
   event_handle_.Reset(::CreateEvent(
       &handles_are_inheritable,
       TRUE,    // The event will automatically reset to non-signaled state.
       FALSE,   // The initial state is non-signalled.
       NULL));  // The even is unnamed.
   GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(event_handle_.Get() != NULL);
-  const String filter_flag = String::Format("--%s%s=%s.%s",
-                                            GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_, kFilterFlag,
-                                            info->test_case_name(),
-                                            info->name());
-  const String internal_flag = String::Format(
-    "--%s%s=%s|%d|%d|%u|%Iu|%Iu",
-      GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_,
-      kInternalRunDeathTestFlag,
-      file_, line_,
-      death_test_index,
-      static_cast<unsigned int>(::GetCurrentProcessId()),
-      // size_t has the same with as pointers on both 32-bit and 64-bit
+  const std::string filter_flag =
+      std::string("--") + GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ + kFilterFlag + "=" +
+      info->test_case_name() + "." + info->name();
+  const std::string internal_flag =
+      std::string("--") + GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ + kInternalRunDeathTestFlag +
+      "=" + file_ + "|" + StreamableToString(line_) + "|" +
+      StreamableToString(death_test_index) + "|" +
+      StreamableToString(static_cast<unsigned int>(::GetCurrentProcessId())) +
+      // size_t has the same width as pointers on both 32-bit and 64-bit
       // Windows platforms.
       // See http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/tcxf1dw6.aspx.
-      reinterpret_cast<size_t>(write_handle),
-      reinterpret_cast<size_t>(event_handle_.Get()));
+      "|" + StreamableToString(reinterpret_cast<size_t>(write_handle)) +
+      "|" + StreamableToString(reinterpret_cast<size_t>(event_handle_.Get()));
 
   char executable_path[_MAX_PATH + 1];  // NOLINT
   GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(
       _MAX_PATH + 1 != ::GetModuleFileNameA(NULL,
                                             executable_path,
                                             _MAX_PATH));
 
-  String command_line = String::Format("%s %s \"%s\"",
-                                       ::GetCommandLineA(),
-                                       filter_flag.c_str(),
-                                       internal_flag.c_str());
+  std::string command_line =
+      std::string(::GetCommandLineA()) + " " + filter_flag + " \"" +
+      internal_flag + "\"";
 
   DeathTest::set_last_death_test_message("");
 
   CaptureStderr();
   // Flush the log buffers since the log streams are shared with the child.
   FlushInfoLog();
 
   // The child process will share the standard handles with the parent.
@@ -811,16 +858,17 @@ DeathTest::TestRole NoExecDeathTest::Ass
     set_write_fd(pipe_fd[1]);
     // Redirects all logging to stderr in the child process to prevent
     // concurrent writes to the log files.  We capture stderr in the parent
     // process and append the child process' output to a log.
     LogToStderr();
     // Event forwarding to the listeners of event listener API mush be shut
     // down in death test subprocesses.
     GetUnitTestImpl()->listeners()->SuppressEventForwarding();
+    g_in_fast_death_test_child = true;
     return EXECUTE_TEST;
   } else {
     GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(close(pipe_fd[1]));
     set_read_fd(pipe_fd[0]);
     set_spawned(true);
     return OVERSEE_TEST;
   }
 }
@@ -830,16 +878,26 @@ DeathTest::TestRole NoExecDeathTest::Ass
 // only this specific death test to be run.
 class ExecDeathTest : public ForkingDeathTest {
  public:
   ExecDeathTest(const char* a_statement, const RE* a_regex,
                 const char* file, int line) :
       ForkingDeathTest(a_statement, a_regex), file_(file), line_(line) { }
   virtual TestRole AssumeRole();
  private:
+  static ::std::vector<testing::internal::string>
+  GetArgvsForDeathTestChildProcess() {
+    ::std::vector<testing::internal::string> args = GetInjectableArgvs();
+#  if defined(GTEST_EXTRA_DEATH_TEST_COMMAND_LINE_ARGS_)
+    ::std::vector<testing::internal::string> extra_args =
+        GTEST_EXTRA_DEATH_TEST_COMMAND_LINE_ARGS_();
+    args.insert(args.end(), extra_args.begin(), extra_args.end());
+#  endif  // defined(GTEST_EXTRA_DEATH_TEST_COMMAND_LINE_ARGS_)
+    return args;
+  }
   // The name of the file in which the death test is located.
   const char* const file_;
   // The line number on which the death test is located.
   const int line_;
 };
 
 // Utility class for accumulating command-line arguments.
 class Arguments {
@@ -864,16 +922,17 @@ class Arguments {
          i != arguments.end();
          ++i) {
       args_.insert(args_.end() - 1, posix::StrDup(i->c_str()));
     }
   }
   char* const* Argv() {
     return &args_[0];
   }
+
  private:
   std::vector<char*> args_;
 };
 
 // A struct that encompasses the arguments to the child process of a
 // threadsafe-style death test process.
 struct ExecDeathTestArgs {
   char* const* argv;  // Command-line arguments for the child's call to exec
@@ -885,105 +944,173 @@ inline char** GetEnviron() {
   // When Google Test is built as a framework on MacOS X, the environ variable
   // is unavailable. Apple's documentation (man environ) recommends using
   // _NSGetEnviron() instead.
   return *_NSGetEnviron();
 }
 #  else
 // Some POSIX platforms expect you to declare environ. extern "C" makes
 // it reside in the global namespace.
-extern "C" __attribute__ ((visibility ("default"))) char** environ;
+extern "C" char** environ;
 inline char** GetEnviron() { return environ; }
 #  endif  // GTEST_OS_MAC
 
+#  if !GTEST_OS_QNX
 // The main function for a threadsafe-style death test child process.
 // This function is called in a clone()-ed process and thus must avoid
 // any potentially unsafe operations like malloc or libc functions.
 static int ExecDeathTestChildMain(void* child_arg) {
   ExecDeathTestArgs* const args = static_cast<ExecDeathTestArgs*>(child_arg);
   GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(close(args->close_fd));
 
   // We need to execute the test program in the same environment where
   // it was originally invoked.  Therefore we change to the original
   // working directory first.
   const char* const original_dir =
       UnitTest::GetInstance()->original_working_dir();
   // We can safely call chdir() as it's a direct system call.
   if (chdir(original_dir) != 0) {
-    DeathTestAbort(String::Format("chdir(\"%s\") failed: %s",
-                                  original_dir,
-                                  GetLastErrnoDescription().c_str()));
+    DeathTestAbort(std::string("chdir(\"") + original_dir + "\") failed: " +
+                   GetLastErrnoDescription());
     return EXIT_FAILURE;
   }
 
   // We can safely call execve() as it's a direct system call.  We
   // cannot use execvp() as it's a libc function and thus potentially
   // unsafe.  Since execve() doesn't search the PATH, the user must
   // invoke the test program via a valid path that contains at least
   // one path separator.
   execve(args->argv[0], args->argv, GetEnviron());
-  DeathTestAbort(String::Format("execve(%s, ...) in %s failed: %s",
-                                args->argv[0],
-                                original_dir,
-                                GetLastErrnoDescription().c_str()));
+  DeathTestAbort(std::string("execve(") + args->argv[0] + ", ...) in " +
+                 original_dir + " failed: " +
+                 GetLastErrnoDescription());
   return EXIT_FAILURE;
 }
+#  endif  // !GTEST_OS_QNX
 
 // Two utility routines that together determine the direction the stack
 // grows.
 // This could be accomplished more elegantly by a single recursive
 // function, but we want to guard against the unlikely possibility of
 // a smart compiler optimizing the recursion away.
 //
 // GTEST_NO_INLINE_ is required to prevent GCC 4.6 from inlining
 // StackLowerThanAddress into StackGrowsDown, which then doesn't give
 // correct answer.
-bool StackLowerThanAddress(const void* ptr) GTEST_NO_INLINE_;
-bool StackLowerThanAddress(const void* ptr) {
+void StackLowerThanAddress(const void* ptr, bool* result) GTEST_NO_INLINE_;
+void StackLowerThanAddress(const void* ptr, bool* result) {
   int dummy;
-  return &dummy < ptr;
+  *result = (&dummy < ptr);
 }
 
+// Make sure AddressSanitizer does not tamper with the stack here.
+GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_ADDRESS_
 bool StackGrowsDown() {
   int dummy;
-  return StackLowerThanAddress(&dummy);
+  bool result;
+  StackLowerThanAddress(&dummy, &result);
+  return result;
 }
 
-// A threadsafe implementation of fork(2) for threadsafe-style death tests
-// that uses clone(2).  It dies with an error message if anything goes
-// wrong.
-static pid_t ExecDeathTestFork(char* const* argv, int close_fd) {
+// Spawns a child process with the same executable as the current process in
+// a thread-safe manner and instructs it to run the death test.  The
+// implementation uses fork(2) + exec.  On systems where clone(2) is
+// available, it is used instead, being slightly more thread-safe.  On QNX,
+// fork supports only single-threaded environments, so this function uses
+// spawn(2) there instead.  The function dies with an error message if
+// anything goes wrong.
+static pid_t ExecDeathTestSpawnChild(char* const* argv, int close_fd) {
   ExecDeathTestArgs args = { argv, close_fd };
   pid_t child_pid = -1;
 
-#  if GTEST_HAS_CLONE
+#  if GTEST_OS_QNX
+  // Obtains the current directory and sets it to be closed in the child
+  // process.
+  const int cwd_fd = open(".", O_RDONLY);
+  GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(cwd_fd != -1);
+  GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(fcntl(cwd_fd, F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC));
+  // We need to execute the test program in the same environment where
+  // it was originally invoked.  Therefore we change to the original
+  // working directory first.
+  const char* const original_dir =
+      UnitTest::GetInstance()->original_working_dir();
+  // We can safely call chdir() as it's a direct system call.
+  if (chdir(original_dir) != 0) {
+    DeathTestAbort(std::string("chdir(\"") + original_dir + "\") failed: " +
+                   GetLastErrnoDescription());
+    return EXIT_FAILURE;
+  }
+
+  int fd_flags;
+  // Set close_fd to be closed after spawn.
+  GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(fd_flags = fcntl(close_fd, F_GETFD));
+  GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(fcntl(close_fd, F_SETFD,
+                                        fd_flags | FD_CLOEXEC));
+  struct inheritance inherit = {0};
+  // spawn is a system call.
+  child_pid = spawn(args.argv[0], 0, NULL, &inherit, args.argv, GetEnviron());
+  // Restores the current working directory.
+  GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(fchdir(cwd_fd) != -1);
+  GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(close(cwd_fd));
+
+#  else   // GTEST_OS_QNX
+#   if GTEST_OS_LINUX
+  // When a SIGPROF signal is received while fork() or clone() are executing,
+  // the process may hang. To avoid this, we ignore SIGPROF here and re-enable
+  // it after the call to fork()/clone() is complete.
+  struct sigaction saved_sigprof_action;
+  struct sigaction ignore_sigprof_action;
+  memset(&ignore_sigprof_action, 0, sizeof(ignore_sigprof_action));
+  sigemptyset(&ignore_sigprof_action.sa_mask);
+  ignore_sigprof_action.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
+  GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(sigaction(
+      SIGPROF, &ignore_sigprof_action, &saved_sigprof_action));
+#   endif  // GTEST_OS_LINUX
+
+#   if GTEST_HAS_CLONE
   const bool use_fork = GTEST_FLAG(death_test_use_fork);
 
   if (!use_fork) {
     static const bool stack_grows_down = StackGrowsDown();
     const size_t stack_size = getpagesize();
     // MMAP_ANONYMOUS is not defined on Mac, so we use MAP_ANON instead.
     void* const stack = mmap(NULL, stack_size, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
                              MAP_ANON | MAP_PRIVATE, -1, 0);
     GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(stack != MAP_FAILED);
+
+    // Maximum stack alignment in bytes:  For a downward-growing stack, this
+    // amount is subtracted from size of the stack space to get an address
+    // that is within the stack space and is aligned on all systems we care
+    // about.  As far as I know there is no ABI with stack alignment greater
+    // than 64.  We assume stack and stack_size already have alignment of
+    // kMaxStackAlignment.
+    const size_t kMaxStackAlignment = 64;
     void* const stack_top =
-        static_cast<char*>(stack) + (stack_grows_down ? stack_size : 0);
+        static_cast<char*>(stack) +
+            (stack_grows_down ? stack_size - kMaxStackAlignment : 0);
+    GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(stack_size > kMaxStackAlignment &&
+        reinterpret_cast<intptr_t>(stack_top) % kMaxStackAlignment == 0);
 
     child_pid = clone(&ExecDeathTestChildMain, stack_top, SIGCHLD, &args);
 
     GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(munmap(stack, stack_size) != -1);
   }
-#  else
+#   else
   const bool use_fork = true;
-#  endif  // GTEST_HAS_CLONE
+#   endif  // GTEST_HAS_CLONE
 
   if (use_fork && (child_pid = fork()) == 0) {
       ExecDeathTestChildMain(&args);
       _exit(0);
   }
+#  endif  // GTEST_OS_QNX
+#  if GTEST_OS_LINUX
+  GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(
+      sigaction(SIGPROF, &saved_sigprof_action, NULL));
+#  endif  // GTEST_OS_LINUX
 
   GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(child_pid != -1);
   return child_pid;
 }
 
 // The AssumeRole process for a fork-and-exec death test.  It re-executes the
 // main program from the beginning, setting the --gtest_filter
 // and --gtest_internal_run_death_test flags to cause only the current
@@ -1001,37 +1128,37 @@ DeathTest::TestRole ExecDeathTest::Assum
   }
 
   int pipe_fd[2];
   GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(pipe(pipe_fd) != -1);
   // Clear the close-on-exec flag on the write end of the pipe, lest
   // it be closed when the child process does an exec:
   GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(fcntl(pipe_fd[1], F_SETFD, 0) != -1);
 
-  const String filter_flag =
-      String::Format("--%s%s=%s.%s",
-                     GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_, kFilterFlag,
-                     info->test_case_name(), info->name());
-  const String internal_flag =
-      String::Format("--%s%s=%s|%d|%d|%d",
-                     GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_, kInternalRunDeathTestFlag,
-                     file_, line_, death_test_index, pipe_fd[1]);
+  const std::string filter_flag =
+      std::string("--") + GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ + kFilterFlag + "="
+      + info->test_case_name() + "." + info->name();
+  const std::string internal_flag =
+      std::string("--") + GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ + kInternalRunDeathTestFlag + "="
+      + file_ + "|" + StreamableToString(line_) + "|"
+      + StreamableToString(death_test_index) + "|"
+      + StreamableToString(pipe_fd[1]);
   Arguments args;
-  args.AddArguments(GetArgvs());
+  args.AddArguments(GetArgvsForDeathTestChildProcess());
   args.AddArgument(filter_flag.c_str());
   args.AddArgument(internal_flag.c_str());
 
   DeathTest::set_last_death_test_message("");
 
   CaptureStderr();
   // See the comment in NoExecDeathTest::AssumeRole for why the next line
   // is necessary.
   FlushInfoLog();
 
-  const pid_t child_pid = ExecDeathTestFork(args.Argv(), pipe_fd[0]);
+  const pid_t child_pid = ExecDeathTestSpawnChild(args.Argv(), pipe_fd[0]);
   GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(close(pipe_fd[1]));
   set_child_pid(child_pid);
   set_read_fd(pipe_fd[0]);
   set_spawned(true);
   return OVERSEE_TEST;
 }
 
 # endif  // !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
@@ -1047,19 +1174,20 @@ bool DefaultDeathTestFactory::Create(con
   UnitTestImpl* const impl = GetUnitTestImpl();
   const InternalRunDeathTestFlag* const flag =
       impl->internal_run_death_test_flag();
   const int death_test_index = impl->current_test_info()
       ->increment_death_test_count();
 
   if (flag != NULL) {
     if (death_test_index > flag->index()) {
-      DeathTest::set_last_death_test_message(String::Format(
-          "Death test count (%d) somehow exceeded expected maximum (%d)",
-          death_test_index, flag->index()));
+      DeathTest::set_last_death_test_message(
+          "Death test count (" + StreamableToString(death_test_index)
+          + ") somehow exceeded expected maximum ("
+          + StreamableToString(flag->index()) + ")");
       return false;
     }
 
     if (!(flag->file() == file && flag->line() == line &&
           flag->index() == death_test_index)) {
       *test = NULL;
       return true;
     }
@@ -1078,58 +1206,38 @@ bool DefaultDeathTestFactory::Create(con
     *test = new ExecDeathTest(statement, regex, file, line);
   } else if (GTEST_FLAG(death_test_style) == "fast") {
     *test = new NoExecDeathTest(statement, regex);
   }
 
 # endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 
   else {  // NOLINT - this is more readable than unbalanced brackets inside #if.
-    DeathTest::set_last_death_test_message(String::Format(
-        "Unknown death test style \"%s\" encountered",
-        GTEST_FLAG(death_test_style).c_str()));
+    DeathTest::set_last_death_test_message(
+        "Unknown death test style \"" + GTEST_FLAG(death_test_style)
+        + "\" encountered");
     return false;
   }
 
   return true;
 }
 
-// Splits a given string on a given delimiter, populating a given
-// vector with the fields.  GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST implies that we have
-// ::std::string, so we can use it here.
-static void SplitString(const ::std::string& str, char delimiter,
-                        ::std::vector< ::std::string>* dest) {
-  ::std::vector< ::std::string> parsed;
-  ::std::string::size_type pos = 0;
-  while (::testing::internal::AlwaysTrue()) {
-    const ::std::string::size_type colon = str.find(delimiter, pos);
-    if (colon == ::std::string::npos) {
-      parsed.push_back(str.substr(pos));
-      break;
-    } else {
-      parsed.push_back(str.substr(pos, colon - pos));
-      pos = colon + 1;
-    }
-  }
-  dest->swap(parsed);
-}
-
 # if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 // Recreates the pipe and event handles from the provided parameters,
 // signals the event, and returns a file descriptor wrapped around the pipe
 // handle. This function is called in the child process only.
 int GetStatusFileDescriptor(unsigned int parent_process_id,
                             size_t write_handle_as_size_t,
                             size_t event_handle_as_size_t) {
   AutoHandle parent_process_handle(::OpenProcess(PROCESS_DUP_HANDLE,
                                                    FALSE,  // Non-inheritable.
                                                    parent_process_id));
   if (parent_process_handle.Get() == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
-    DeathTestAbort(String::Format("Unable to open parent process %u",
-                                  parent_process_id));
+    DeathTestAbort("Unable to open parent process " +
+                   StreamableToString(parent_process_id));
   }
 
   // TODO(vladl@google.com): Replace the following check with a
   // compile-time assertion when available.
   GTEST_CHECK_(sizeof(HANDLE) <= sizeof(size_t));
 
   const HANDLE write_handle =
       reinterpret_cast<HANDLE>(write_handle_as_size_t);
@@ -1139,40 +1247,42 @@ int GetStatusFileDescriptor(unsigned int
   // process. To obtain one accessible within the child, we need to use
   // DuplicateHandle.
   if (!::DuplicateHandle(parent_process_handle.Get(), write_handle,
                          ::GetCurrentProcess(), &dup_write_handle,
                          0x0,    // Requested privileges ignored since
                                  // DUPLICATE_SAME_ACCESS is used.
                          FALSE,  // Request non-inheritable handler.
                          DUPLICATE_SAME_ACCESS)) {
-    DeathTestAbort(String::Format(
-        "Unable to duplicate the pipe handle %Iu from the parent process %u",
-        write_handle_as_size_t, parent_process_id));
+    DeathTestAbort("Unable to duplicate the pipe handle " +
+                   StreamableToString(write_handle_as_size_t) +
+                   " from the parent process " +
+                   StreamableToString(parent_process_id));
   }
 
   const HANDLE event_handle = reinterpret_cast<HANDLE>(event_handle_as_size_t);
   HANDLE dup_event_handle;
 
   if (!::DuplicateHandle(parent_process_handle.Get(), event_handle,
                          ::GetCurrentProcess(), &dup_event_handle,
                          0x0,
                          FALSE,
                          DUPLICATE_SAME_ACCESS)) {
-    DeathTestAbort(String::Format(
-        "Unable to duplicate the event handle %Iu from the parent process %u",
-        event_handle_as_size_t, parent_process_id));
+    DeathTestAbort("Unable to duplicate the event handle " +
+                   StreamableToString(event_handle_as_size_t) +
+                   " from the parent process " +
+                   StreamableToString(parent_process_id));
   }
 
   const int write_fd =
       ::_open_osfhandle(reinterpret_cast<intptr_t>(dup_write_handle), O_APPEND);
   if (write_fd == -1) {
-    DeathTestAbort(String::Format(
-        "Unable to convert pipe handle %Iu to a file descriptor",
-        write_handle_as_size_t));
+    DeathTestAbort("Unable to convert pipe handle " +
+                   StreamableToString(write_handle_as_size_t) +
+                   " to a file descriptor");
   }
 
   // Signals the parent that the write end of the pipe has been acquired
   // so the parent can release its own write end.
   ::SetEvent(dup_event_handle);
 
   return write_fd;
 }
@@ -1199,32 +1309,30 @@ InternalRunDeathTestFlag* ParseInternalR
   size_t event_handle_as_size_t = 0;
 
   if (fields.size() != 6
       || !ParseNaturalNumber(fields[1], &line)
       || !ParseNaturalNumber(fields[2], &index)
       || !ParseNaturalNumber(fields[3], &parent_process_id)
       || !ParseNaturalNumber(fields[4], &write_handle_as_size_t)
       || !ParseNaturalNumber(fields[5], &event_handle_as_size_t)) {
-    DeathTestAbort(String::Format(
-        "Bad --gtest_internal_run_death_test flag: %s",
-        GTEST_FLAG(internal_run_death_test).c_str()));
+    DeathTestAbort("Bad --gtest_internal_run_death_test flag: " +
+                   GTEST_FLAG(internal_run_death_test));
   }
   write_fd = GetStatusFileDescriptor(parent_process_id,
                                      write_handle_as_size_t,
                                      event_handle_as_size_t);
 # else
 
   if (fields.size() != 4
       || !ParseNaturalNumber(fields[1], &line)
       || !ParseNaturalNumber(fields[2], &index)
       || !ParseNaturalNumber(fields[3], &write_fd)) {
-    DeathTestAbort(String::Format(
-        "Bad --gtest_internal_run_death_test flag: %s",
-        GTEST_FLAG(internal_run_death_test).c_str()));
+    DeathTestAbort("Bad --gtest_internal_run_death_test flag: "
+        + GTEST_FLAG(internal_run_death_test));
   }
 
 # endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 
   return new InternalRunDeathTestFlag(fields[0], line, index, write_fd);
 }
 
 }  // namespace internal
--- a/testing/gtest/gtest/src/gtest-filepath.cc
+++ b/testing/gtest/gtest/src/gtest-filepath.cc
@@ -24,28 +24,29 @@
 // LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
 // DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
 // THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
 // (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
 // OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 //
 // Authors: keith.ray@gmail.com (Keith Ray)
 
+#include "gtest/gtest-message.h"
 #include "gtest/internal/gtest-filepath.h"
 #include "gtest/internal/gtest-port.h"
 
 #include <stdlib.h>
 
 #if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
 # include <windows.h>
 #elif GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 # include <direct.h>
 # include <io.h>
-#elif GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN || GTEST_OS_NACL
-// Symbian OpenC and NaCl have PATH_MAX in sys/syslimits.h
+#elif GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN
+// Symbian OpenC has PATH_MAX in sys/syslimits.h
 # include <sys/syslimits.h>
 #else
 # include <limits.h>
 # include <climits>  // Some Linux distributions define PATH_MAX here.
 #endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
 
 #if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 # define GTEST_PATH_MAX_ _MAX_PATH
@@ -64,66 +65,72 @@ namespace internal {
 
 #if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 // On Windows, '\\' is the standard path separator, but many tools and the
 // Windows API also accept '/' as an alternate path separator. Unless otherwise
 // noted, a file path can contain either kind of path separators, or a mixture
 // of them.
 const char kPathSeparator = '\\';
 const char kAlternatePathSeparator = '/';
-const char kPathSeparatorString[] = "\\";
 const char kAlternatePathSeparatorString[] = "/";
 # if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
 // Windows CE doesn't have a current directory. You should not use
 // the current directory in tests on Windows CE, but this at least
 // provides a reasonable fallback.
 const char kCurrentDirectoryString[] = "\\";
 // Windows CE doesn't define INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES
 const DWORD kInvalidFileAttributes = 0xffffffff;
 # else
 const char kCurrentDirectoryString[] = ".\\";
 # endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
 #else
 const char kPathSeparator = '/';
-const char kPathSeparatorString[] = "/";
 const char kCurrentDirectoryString[] = "./";
 #endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 
 // Returns whether the given character is a valid path separator.
 static bool IsPathSeparator(char c) {
 #if GTEST_HAS_ALT_PATH_SEP_
   return (c == kPathSeparator) || (c == kAlternatePathSeparator);
 #else
   return c == kPathSeparator;
 #endif
 }
 
 // Returns the current working directory, or "" if unsuccessful.
 FilePath FilePath::GetCurrentDir() {
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE || GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_PHONE || GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_RT
   // Windows CE doesn't have a current directory, so we just return
   // something reasonable.
   return FilePath(kCurrentDirectoryString);
 #elif GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
   char cwd[GTEST_PATH_MAX_ + 1] = { '\0' };
   return FilePath(_getcwd(cwd, sizeof(cwd)) == NULL ? "" : cwd);
 #else
   char cwd[GTEST_PATH_MAX_ + 1] = { '\0' };
-  return FilePath(getcwd(cwd, sizeof(cwd)) == NULL ? "" : cwd);
+  char* result = getcwd(cwd, sizeof(cwd));
+# if GTEST_OS_NACL
+  // getcwd will likely fail in NaCl due to the sandbox, so return something
+  // reasonable. The user may have provided a shim implementation for getcwd,
+  // however, so fallback only when failure is detected.
+  return FilePath(result == NULL ? kCurrentDirectoryString : cwd);
+# endif  // GTEST_OS_NACL
+  return FilePath(result == NULL ? "" : cwd);
 #endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
 }
 
 // Returns a copy of the FilePath with the case-insensitive extension removed.
 // Example: FilePath("dir/file.exe").RemoveExtension("EXE") returns
 // FilePath("dir/file"). If a case-insensitive extension is not
 // found, returns a copy of the original FilePath.
 FilePath FilePath::RemoveExtension(const char* extension) const {
-  String dot_extension(String::Format(".%s", extension));
-  if (pathname_.EndsWithCaseInsensitive(dot_extension.c_str())) {
-    return FilePath(String(pathname_.c_str(), pathname_.length() - 4));
+  const std::string dot_extension = std::string(".") + extension;
+  if (String::EndsWithCaseInsensitive(pathname_, dot_extension)) {
+    return FilePath(pathname_.substr(
+        0, pathname_.length() - dot_extension.length()));
   }
   return *this;
 }
 
 // Returns a pointer to the last occurence of a valid path separator in
 // the FilePath. On Windows, for example, both '/' and '\' are valid path
 // separators. Returns NULL if no path separator was found.
 const char* FilePath::FindLastPathSeparator() const {
@@ -142,64 +149,64 @@ const char* FilePath::FindLastPathSepara
 // Returns a copy of the FilePath with the directory part removed.
 // Example: FilePath("path/to/file").RemoveDirectoryName() returns
 // FilePath("file"). If there is no directory part ("just_a_file"), it returns
 // the FilePath unmodified. If there is no file part ("just_a_dir/") it
 // returns an empty FilePath ("").
 // On Windows platform, '\' is the path separator, otherwise it is '/'.
 FilePath FilePath::RemoveDirectoryName() const {
   const char* const last_sep = FindLastPathSeparator();
-  return last_sep ? FilePath(String(last_sep + 1)) : *this;
+  return last_sep ? FilePath(last_sep + 1) : *this;
 }
 
 // RemoveFileName returns the directory path with the filename removed.
 // Example: FilePath("path/to/file").RemoveFileName() returns "path/to/".
 // If the FilePath is "a_file" or "/a_file", RemoveFileName returns
 // FilePath("./") or, on Windows, FilePath(".\\"). If the filepath does
 // not have a file, like "just/a/dir/", it returns the FilePath unmodified.
 // On Windows platform, '\' is the path separator, otherwise it is '/'.
 FilePath FilePath::RemoveFileName() const {
   const char* const last_sep = FindLastPathSeparator();
-  String dir;
+  std::string dir;
   if (last_sep) {
-    dir = String(c_str(), last_sep + 1 - c_str());
+    dir = std::string(c_str(), last_sep + 1 - c_str());
   } else {
     dir = kCurrentDirectoryString;
   }
   return FilePath(dir);
 }
 
 // Helper functions for naming files in a directory for xml output.
 
 // Given directory = "dir", base_name = "test", number = 0,
 // extension = "xml", returns "dir/test.xml". If number is greater
 // than zero (e.g., 12), returns "dir/test_12.xml".
 // On Windows platform, uses \ as the separator rather than /.
 FilePath FilePath::MakeFileName(const FilePath& directory,
                                 const FilePath& base_name,
                                 int number,
                                 const char* extension) {
-  String file;
+  std::string file;
   if (number == 0) {
-    file = String::Format("%s.%s", base_name.c_str(), extension);
+    file = base_name.string() + "." + extension;
   } else {
-    file = String::Format("%s_%d.%s", base_name.c_str(), number, extension);
+    file = base_name.string() + "_" + StreamableToString(number)
+        + "." + extension;
   }
   return ConcatPaths(directory, FilePath(file));
 }
 
 // Given directory = "dir", relative_path = "test.xml", returns "dir/test.xml".
 // On Windows, uses \ as the separator rather than /.
 FilePath FilePath::ConcatPaths(const FilePath& directory,
                                const FilePath& relative_path) {
   if (directory.IsEmpty())
     return relative_path;
   const FilePath dir(directory.RemoveTrailingPathSeparator());
-  return FilePath(String::Format("%s%c%s", dir.c_str(), kPathSeparator,
-                                 relative_path.c_str()));
+  return FilePath(dir.string() + kPathSeparator + relative_path.string());
 }
 
 // Returns true if pathname describes something findable in the file-system,
 // either a file, directory, or whatever.
 bool FilePath::FileOrDirectoryExists() const {
 #if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
   LPCWSTR unicode = String::AnsiToUtf16(pathname_.c_str());
   const DWORD attributes = GetFileAttributes(unicode);
@@ -333,17 +340,17 @@ bool FilePath::CreateFolder() const {
   return true;  // No error.
 }
 
 // If input name has a trailing separator character, remove it and return the
 // name, otherwise return the name string unmodified.
 // On Windows platform, uses \ as the separator, other platforms use /.
 FilePath FilePath::RemoveTrailingPathSeparator() const {
   return IsDirectory()
-      ? FilePath(String(pathname_.c_str(), pathname_.length() - 1))
+      ? FilePath(pathname_.substr(0, pathname_.length() - 1))
       : *this;
 }
 
 // Removes any redundant separators that might be in the pathname.
 // For example, "bar///foo" becomes "bar/foo". Does not eliminate other
 // redundancies that might be in a pathname involving "." or "..".
 // TODO(wan@google.com): handle Windows network shares (e.g. \\server\share).
 void FilePath::Normalize() {
--- a/testing/gtest/gtest/src/gtest-internal-inl.h
+++ b/testing/gtest/gtest/src/gtest-internal-inl.h
@@ -35,17 +35,17 @@
 // DO NOT #INCLUDE IT IN A USER PROGRAM.
 
 #ifndef GTEST_SRC_GTEST_INTERNAL_INL_H_
 #define GTEST_SRC_GTEST_INTERNAL_INL_H_
 
 // GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_ is defined to 1 iff the current translation unit is
 // part of Google Test's implementation; otherwise it's undefined.
 #if !GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_
-// A user is trying to include this from his code - just say no.
+// If this file is included from the user's code, just say no.
 # error "gtest-internal-inl.h is part of Google Test's internal implementation."
 # error "It must not be included except by Google Test itself."
 #endif  // GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_
 
 #ifndef _WIN32_WCE
 # include <errno.h>
 #endif  // !_WIN32_WCE
 #include <stddef.h>
@@ -53,16 +53,21 @@
 #include <string.h>  // For memmove.
 
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
 
 #include "gtest/internal/gtest-port.h"
 
+#if GTEST_CAN_STREAM_RESULTS_
+# include <arpa/inet.h>  // NOLINT
+# include <netdb.h>  // NOLINT
+#endif
+
 #if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 # include <windows.h>  // NOLINT
 #endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 
 #include "gtest/gtest.h"  // NOLINT
 #include "gtest/gtest-spi.h"
 
 namespace testing {
@@ -90,16 +95,17 @@ const char kListTestsFlag[] = "list_test
 const char kOutputFlag[] = "output";
 const char kPrintTimeFlag[] = "print_time";
 const char kRandomSeedFlag[] = "random_seed";
 const char kRepeatFlag[] = "repeat";
 const char kShuffleFlag[] = "shuffle";
 const char kStackTraceDepthFlag[] = "stack_trace_depth";
 const char kStreamResultToFlag[] = "stream_result_to";
 const char kThrowOnFailureFlag[] = "throw_on_failure";
+const char kFlagfileFlag[] = "flagfile";
 
 // A valid random seed must be in [1, kMaxRandomSeed].
 const int kMaxRandomSeed = 99999;
 
 // g_help_flag is true iff the --help flag or an equivalent form is
 // specified on the command line.
 GTEST_API_ extern bool g_help_flag;
 
@@ -107,16 +113,22 @@ GTEST_API_ extern bool g_help_flag;
 GTEST_API_ TimeInMillis GetTimeInMillis();
 
 // Returns true iff Google Test should use colors in the output.
 GTEST_API_ bool ShouldUseColor(bool stdout_is_tty);
 
 // Formats the given time in milliseconds as seconds.
 GTEST_API_ std::string FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds(TimeInMillis ms);
 
+// Converts the given time in milliseconds to a date string in the ISO 8601
+// format, without the timezone information.  N.B.: due to the use the
+// non-reentrant localtime() function, this function is not thread safe.  Do
+// not use it in any code that can be called from multiple threads.
+GTEST_API_ std::string FormatEpochTimeInMillisAsIso8601(TimeInMillis ms);
+
 // Parses a string for an Int32 flag, in the form of "--flag=value".
 //
 // On success, stores the value of the flag in *value, and returns
 // true.  On failure, returns false without changing *value.
 GTEST_API_ bool ParseInt32Flag(
     const char* str, const char* flag, Int32* value);
 
 // Returns a random seed in range [1, kMaxRandomSeed] based on the
@@ -185,61 +197,60 @@ class GTestFlagSaver {
     GTEST_FLAG(print_time) = print_time_;
     GTEST_FLAG(random_seed) = random_seed_;
     GTEST_FLAG(repeat) = repeat_;
     GTEST_FLAG(shuffle) = shuffle_;
     GTEST_FLAG(stack_trace_depth) = stack_trace_depth_;
     GTEST_FLAG(stream_result_to) = stream_result_to_;
     GTEST_FLAG(throw_on_failure) = throw_on_failure_;
   }
+
  private:
   // Fields for saving the original values of flags.
   bool also_run_disabled_tests_;
   bool break_on_failure_;
   bool catch_exceptions_;
-  String color_;
-  String death_test_style_;
+  std::string color_;
+  std::string death_test_style_;
   bool death_test_use_fork_;
-  String filter_;
-  String internal_run_death_test_;
+  std::string filter_;
+  std::string internal_run_death_test_;
   bool list_tests_;
-  String output_;
+  std::string output_;
   bool print_time_;
   internal::Int32 random_seed_;
   internal::Int32 repeat_;
   bool shuffle_;
   internal::Int32 stack_trace_depth_;
-  String stream_result_to_;
+  std::string stream_result_to_;
   bool throw_on_failure_;
 } GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_;
 
 // Converts a Unicode code point to a narrow string in UTF-8 encoding.
 // code_point parameter is of type UInt32 because wchar_t may not be
 // wide enough to contain a code point.
-// The output buffer str must containt at least 32 characters.
-// The function returns the address of the output buffer.
 // If the code_point is not a valid Unicode code point
-// (i.e. outside of Unicode range U+0 to U+10FFFF) it will be output
-// as '(Invalid Unicode 0xXXXXXXXX)'.
-GTEST_API_ char* CodePointToUtf8(UInt32 code_point, char* str);
+// (i.e. outside of Unicode range U+0 to U+10FFFF) it will be converted
+// to "(Invalid Unicode 0xXXXXXXXX)".
+GTEST_API_ std::string CodePointToUtf8(UInt32 code_point);
 
 // Converts a wide string to a narrow string in UTF-8 encoding.
 // The wide string is assumed to have the following encoding:
 //   UTF-16 if sizeof(wchar_t) == 2 (on Windows, Cygwin, Symbian OS)
 //   UTF-32 if sizeof(wchar_t) == 4 (on Linux)
 // Parameter str points to a null-terminated wide string.
 // Parameter num_chars may additionally limit the number
 // of wchar_t characters processed. -1 is used when the entire string
 // should be processed.
 // If the string contains code points that are not valid Unicode code points
 // (i.e. outside of Unicode range U+0 to U+10FFFF) they will be output
 // as '(Invalid Unicode 0xXXXXXXXX)'. If the string is in UTF16 encoding
 // and contains invalid UTF-16 surrogate pairs, values in those pairs
 // will be encoded as individual Unicode characters from Basic Normal Plane.
-GTEST_API_ String WideStringToUtf8(const wchar_t* str, int num_chars);
+GTEST_API_ std::string WideStringToUtf8(const wchar_t* str, int num_chars);
 
 // Reads the GTEST_SHARD_STATUS_FILE environment variable, and creates the file
 // if the variable is present. If a file already exists at this location, this
 // function will write over it. If the variable is present, but the file cannot
 // be created, prints an error and exits.
 void WriteToShardStatusFileIfNeeded();
 
 // Checks whether sharding is enabled by examining the relevant
@@ -333,26 +344,25 @@ static void Delete(T* x) {
 // A predicate that checks the key of a TestProperty against a known key.
 //
 // TestPropertyKeyIs is copyable.
 class TestPropertyKeyIs {
  public:
   // Constructor.
   //
   // TestPropertyKeyIs has NO default constructor.
-  explicit TestPropertyKeyIs(const char* key)
-      : key_(key) {}
+  explicit TestPropertyKeyIs(const std::string& key) : key_(key) {}
 
   // Returns true iff the test name of test property matches on key_.
   bool operator()(const TestProperty& test_property) const {
-    return String(test_property.key()).Compare(key_) == 0;
+    return test_property.key() == key_;
   }
 
  private:
-  String key_;
+  std::string key_;
 };
 
 // Class UnitTestOptions.
 //
 // This class contains functions for processing options the user
 // specifies when running the tests.  It has only static members.
 //
 // In most cases, the user can specify an option using either an
@@ -360,106 +370,99 @@ class TestPropertyKeyIs {
 // test filter using either GTEST_FILTER or --gtest_filter.  If both
 // the variable and the flag are present, the latter overrides the
 // former.
 class GTEST_API_ UnitTestOptions {
  public:
   // Functions for processing the gtest_output flag.
 
   // Returns the output format, or "" for normal printed output.
-  static String GetOutputFormat();
+  static std::string GetOutputFormat();
 
   // Returns the absolute path of the requested output file, or the
   // default (test_detail.xml in the original working directory) if
   // none was explicitly specified.
-  static String GetAbsolutePathToOutputFile();
+  static std::string GetAbsolutePathToOutputFile();
 
   // Functions for processing the gtest_filter flag.
 
   // Returns true iff the wildcard pattern matches the string.  The
   // first ':' or '\0' character in pattern marks the end of it.
   //
   // This recursive algorithm isn't very efficient, but is clear and
   // works well enough for matching test names, which are short.
   static bool PatternMatchesString(const char *pattern, const char *str);
 
   // Returns true iff the user-specified filter matches the test case
   // name and the test name.
-  static bool FilterMatchesTest(const String &test_case_name,
-                                const String &test_name);
+  static bool FilterMatchesTest(const std::string &test_case_name,
+                                const std::string &test_name);
 
 #if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
   // Function for supporting the gtest_catch_exception flag.
 
   // Returns EXCEPTION_EXECUTE_HANDLER if Google Test should handle the
   // given SEH exception, or EXCEPTION_CONTINUE_SEARCH otherwise.
   // This function is useful as an __except condition.
   static int GTestShouldProcessSEH(DWORD exception_code);
 #endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 
   // Returns true if "name" matches the ':' separated list of glob-style
   // filters in "filter".
-  static bool MatchesFilter(const String& name, const char* filter);
+  static bool MatchesFilter(const std::string& name, const char* filter);
 };
 
 // Returns the current application's name, removing directory path if that
 // is present.  Used by UnitTestOptions::GetOutputFile.
 GTEST_API_ FilePath GetCurrentExecutableName();
 
 // The role interface for getting the OS stack trace as a string.
 class OsStackTraceGetterInterface {
  public:
   OsStackTraceGetterInterface() {}
   virtual ~OsStackTraceGetterInterface() {}
 
-  // Returns the current OS stack trace as a String.  Parameters:
+  // Returns the current OS stack trace as an std::string.  Parameters:
   //
   //   max_depth  - the maximum number of stack frames to be included
   //                in the trace.
   //   skip_count - the number of top frames to be skipped; doesn't count
   //                against max_depth.
-  virtual String CurrentStackTrace(int max_depth, int skip_count) = 0;
+  virtual string CurrentStackTrace(int max_depth, int skip_count) = 0;
 
   // UponLeavingGTest() should be called immediately before Google Test calls
   // user code. It saves some information about the current stack that
   // CurrentStackTrace() will use to find and hide Google Test stack frames.
   virtual void UponLeavingGTest() = 0;
 
+  // This string is inserted in place of stack frames that are part of
+  // Google Test's implementation.
+  static const char* const kElidedFramesMarker;
+
  private:
   GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(OsStackTraceGetterInterface);
 };
 
 // A working implementation of the OsStackTraceGetterInterface interface.
 class OsStackTraceGetter : public OsStackTraceGetterInterface {
  public:
-  OsStackTraceGetter() : caller_frame_(NULL) {}
-  virtual String CurrentStackTrace(int max_depth, int skip_count);
-  virtual void UponLeavingGTest();
+  OsStackTraceGetter() {}
 
-  // This string is inserted in place of stack frames that are part of
-  // Google Test's implementation.
-  static const char* const kElidedFramesMarker;
+  virtual string CurrentStackTrace(int max_depth, int skip_count);
+  virtual void UponLeavingGTest();
 
  private:
-  Mutex mutex_;  // protects all internal state
-
-  // We save the stack frame below the frame that calls user code.
-  // We do this because the address of the frame immediately below
-  // the user code changes between the call to UponLeavingGTest()
-  // and any calls to CurrentStackTrace() from within the user code.
-  void* caller_frame_;
-
   GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(OsStackTraceGetter);
 };
 
 // Information about a Google Test trace point.
 struct TraceInfo {
   const char* file;
   int line;
-  String message;
+  std::string message;
 };
 
 // This is the default global test part result reporter used in UnitTestImpl.
 // This class should only be used by UnitTestImpl.
 class DefaultGlobalTestPartResultReporter
   : public TestPartResultReporterInterface {
  public:
   explicit DefaultGlobalTestPartResultReporter(UnitTestImpl* unit_test);
@@ -533,25 +536,35 @@ class GTEST_API_ UnitTestImpl {
   int test_case_to_run_count() const;
 
   // Gets the number of successful tests.
   int successful_test_count() const;
 
   // Gets the number of failed tests.
   int failed_test_count() const;
 
+  // Gets the number of disabled tests that will be reported in the XML report.
+  int reportable_disabled_test_count() const;
+
   // Gets the number of disabled tests.
   int disabled_test_count() const;
 
+  // Gets the number of tests to be printed in the XML report.
+  int reportable_test_count() const;
+
   // Gets the number of all tests.
   int total_test_count() const;
 
   // Gets the number of tests that should run.
   int test_to_run_count() const;
 
+  // Gets the time of the test program start, in ms from the start of the
+  // UNIX epoch.
+  TimeInMillis start_timestamp() const { return start_timestamp_; }
+
   // Gets the elapsed time, in milliseconds.
   TimeInMillis elapsed_time() const { return elapsed_time_; }
 
   // Returns true iff the unit test passed (i.e. all test cases passed).
   bool Passed() const { return !Failed(); }
 
   // Returns true iff the unit test failed (i.e. some test case failed
   // or something outside of all tests failed).
@@ -590,27 +603,27 @@ class GTEST_API_ UnitTestImpl {
   // input the current getter.
   void set_os_stack_trace_getter(OsStackTraceGetterInterface* getter);
 
   // Returns the current OS stack trace getter if it is not NULL;
   // otherwise, creates an OsStackTraceGetter, makes it the current
   // getter, and returns it.
   OsStackTraceGetterInterface* os_stack_trace_getter();
 
-  // Returns the current OS stack trace as a String.
+  // Returns the current OS stack trace as an std::string.
   //
   // The maximum number of stack frames to be included is specified by
   // the gtest_stack_trace_depth flag.  The skip_count parameter
   // specifies the number of top frames to be skipped, which doesn't
   // count against the number of frames to be included.
   //
   // For example, if Foo() calls Bar(), which in turn calls
   // CurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop(1), Foo() will be included in the
   // trace but Bar() and CurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop() won't.
-  String CurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop(int skip_count);
+  std::string CurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop(int skip_count) GTEST_NO_INLINE_;
 
   // Finds and returns a TestCase with the given name.  If one doesn't
   // exist, creates one and returns it.
   //
   // Arguments:
   //
   //   test_case_name: name of the test case
   //   type_param:     the name of the test's type parameter, or NULL if
@@ -690,16 +703,22 @@ class GTEST_API_ UnitTestImpl {
     ForEach(test_cases_, TestCase::ClearTestCaseResult);
   }
 
   // Clears the results of ad-hoc test assertions.
   void ClearAdHocTestResult() {
     ad_hoc_test_result_.Clear();
   }
 
+  // Adds a TestProperty to the current TestResult object when invoked in a
+  // context of a test or a test case, or to the global property set. If the
+  // result already contains a property with the same key, the value will be
+  // updated.
+  void RecordProperty(const TestProperty& test_property);
+
   enum ReactionToSharding {
     HONOR_SHARDING_PROTOCOL,
     IGNORE_SHARDING_PROTOCOL
   };
 
   // Matches the full name of each test against the user-specified
   // filter to decide whether the test should run, then records the
   // result in each TestCase and TestInfo object.
@@ -874,16 +893,20 @@ class GTEST_API_ UnitTestImpl {
   bool post_flag_parse_init_performed_;
 
   // The random number seed used at the beginning of the test run.
   int random_seed_;
 
   // Our random number generator.
   internal::Random random_;
 
+  // The time of the test program start, in ms from the start of the
+  // UNIX epoch.
+  TimeInMillis start_timestamp_;
+
   // How long the test took to run, in milliseconds.
   TimeInMillis elapsed_time_;
 
 #if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
   // The decomposed components of the gtest_internal_run_death_test flag,
   // parsed when RUN_ALL_TESTS is called.
   internal::scoped_ptr<InternalRunDeathTestFlag> internal_run_death_test_flag_;
   internal::scoped_ptr<internal::DeathTestFactory> death_test_factory_;
@@ -929,43 +952,17 @@ GTEST_API_ bool MatchRegexAnywhere(const
 // other parts of Google Test.
 GTEST_API_ void ParseGoogleTestFlagsOnly(int* argc, char** argv);
 GTEST_API_ void ParseGoogleTestFlagsOnly(int* argc, wchar_t** argv);
 
 #if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
 
 // Returns the message describing the last system error, regardless of the
 // platform.
-GTEST_API_ String GetLastErrnoDescription();
-
-# if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
-// Provides leak-safe Windows kernel handle ownership.
-class AutoHandle {
- public:
-  AutoHandle() : handle_(INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {}
-  explicit AutoHandle(HANDLE handle) : handle_(handle) {}
-
-  ~AutoHandle() { Reset(); }
-
-  HANDLE Get() const { return handle_; }
-  void Reset() { Reset(INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE); }
-  void Reset(HANDLE handle) {
-    if (handle != handle_) {
-      if (handle_ != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
-        ::CloseHandle(handle_);
-      handle_ = handle;
-    }
-  }
-
- private:
-  HANDLE handle_;
-
-  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(AutoHandle);
-};
-# endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+GTEST_API_ std::string GetLastErrnoDescription();
 
 // Attempts to parse a string into a positive integer pointed to by the
 // number parameter.  Returns true if that is possible.
 // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST implies that we have ::std::string, so we can use
 // it here.
 template <typename Integer>
 bool ParseNaturalNumber(const ::std::string& str, Integer* number) {
   // Fail fast if the given string does not begin with a digit;
@@ -1012,26 +1009,175 @@ bool ParseNaturalNumber(const ::std::str
 // Google Test user but are required for testing. This class allow our tests
 // to access them.
 //
 // This class is supplied only for the purpose of testing Google Test's own
 // constructs. Do not use it in user tests, either directly or indirectly.
 class TestResultAccessor {
  public:
   static void RecordProperty(TestResult* test_result,
+                             const std::string& xml_element,
                              const TestProperty& property) {
-    test_result->RecordProperty(property);
+    test_result->RecordProperty(xml_element, property);
   }
 
   static void ClearTestPartResults(TestResult* test_result) {
     test_result->ClearTestPartResults();
   }
 
   static const std::vector<testing::TestPartResult>& test_part_results(
       const TestResult& test_result) {
     return test_result.test_part_results();
   }
 };
 
+#if GTEST_CAN_STREAM_RESULTS_
+
+// Streams test results to the given port on the given host machine.
+class GTEST_API_ StreamingListener : public EmptyTestEventListener {
+ public:
+  // Abstract base class for writing strings to a socket.
+  class AbstractSocketWriter {
+   public:
+    virtual ~AbstractSocketWriter() {}
+
+    // Sends a string to the socket.
+    virtual void Send(const string& message) = 0;
+
+    // Closes the socket.
+    virtual void CloseConnection() {}
+
+    // Sends a string and a newline to the socket.
+    void SendLn(const string& message) {
+      Send(message + "\n");
+    }
+  };
+
+  // Concrete class for actually writing strings to a socket.
+  class SocketWriter : public AbstractSocketWriter {
+   public:
+    SocketWriter(const string& host, const string& port)
+        : sockfd_(-1), host_name_(host), port_num_(port) {
+      MakeConnection();
+    }
+
+    virtual ~SocketWriter() {
+      if (sockfd_ != -1)
+        CloseConnection();
+    }
+
+    // Sends a string to the socket.
+    virtual void Send(const string& message) {
+      GTEST_CHECK_(sockfd_ != -1)
+          << "Send() can be called only when there is a connection.";
+
+      const int len = static_cast<int>(message.length());
+      if (write(sockfd_, message.c_str(), len) != len) {
+        GTEST_LOG_(WARNING)
+            << "stream_result_to: failed to stream to "
+            << host_name_ << ":" << port_num_;
+      }
+    }
+
+   private:
+    // Creates a client socket and connects to the server.
+    void MakeConnection();
+
+    // Closes the socket.
+    void CloseConnection() {
+      GTEST_CHECK_(sockfd_ != -1)
+          << "CloseConnection() can be called only when there is a connection.";
+
+      close(sockfd_);
+      sockfd_ = -1;
+    }
+
+    int sockfd_;  // socket file descriptor
+    const string host_name_;
+    const string port_num_;
+
+    GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(SocketWriter);
+  };  // class SocketWriter
+
+  // Escapes '=', '&', '%', and '\n' characters in str as "%xx".
+  static string UrlEncode(const char* str);
+
+  StreamingListener(const string& host, const string& port)
+      : socket_writer_(new SocketWriter(host, port)) { Start(); }
+
+  explicit StreamingListener(AbstractSocketWriter* socket_writer)
+      : socket_writer_(socket_writer) { Start(); }
+
+  void OnTestProgramStart(const UnitTest& /* unit_test */) {
+    SendLn("event=TestProgramStart");
+  }
+
+  void OnTestProgramEnd(const UnitTest& unit_test) {
+    // Note that Google Test current only report elapsed time for each
+    // test iteration, not for the entire test program.
+    SendLn("event=TestProgramEnd&passed=" + FormatBool(unit_test.Passed()));
+
+    // Notify the streaming server to stop.
+    socket_writer_->CloseConnection();
+  }
+
+  void OnTestIterationStart(const UnitTest& /* unit_test */, int iteration) {
+    SendLn("event=TestIterationStart&iteration=" +
+           StreamableToString(iteration));
+  }
+
+  void OnTestIterationEnd(const UnitTest& unit_test, int /* iteration */) {
+    SendLn("event=TestIterationEnd&passed=" +
+           FormatBool(unit_test.Passed()) + "&elapsed_time=" +
+           StreamableToString(unit_test.elapsed_time()) + "ms");
+  }
+
+  void OnTestCaseStart(const TestCase& test_case) {
+    SendLn(std::string("event=TestCaseStart&name=") + test_case.name());
+  }
+
+  void OnTestCaseEnd(const TestCase& test_case) {
+    SendLn("event=TestCaseEnd&passed=" + FormatBool(test_case.Passed())
+           + "&elapsed_time=" + StreamableToString(test_case.elapsed_time())
+           + "ms");
+  }
+
+  void OnTestStart(const TestInfo& test_info) {
+    SendLn(std::string("event=TestStart&name=") + test_info.name());
+  }
+
+  void OnTestEnd(const TestInfo& test_info) {
+    SendLn("event=TestEnd&passed=" +
+           FormatBool((test_info.result())->Passed()) +
+           "&elapsed_time=" +
+           StreamableToString((test_info.result())->elapsed_time()) + "ms");
+  }
+
+  void OnTestPartResult(const TestPartResult& test_part_result) {
+    const char* file_name = test_part_result.file_name();
+    if (file_name == NULL)
+      file_name = "";
+    SendLn("event=TestPartResult&file=" + UrlEncode(file_name) +
+           "&line=" + StreamableToString(test_part_result.line_number()) +
+           "&message=" + UrlEncode(test_part_result.message()));
+  }
+
+ private:
+  // Sends the given message and a newline to the socket.
+  void SendLn(const string& message) { socket_writer_->SendLn(message); }
+
+  // Called at the start of streaming to notify the receiver what
+  // protocol we are using.
+  void Start() { SendLn("gtest_streaming_protocol_version=1.0"); }
+
+  string FormatBool(bool value) { return value ? "1" : "0"; }
+
+  const scoped_ptr<AbstractSocketWriter> socket_writer_;
+
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(StreamingListener);
+};  // class StreamingListener
+
+#endif  // GTEST_CAN_STREAM_RESULTS_
+
 }  // namespace internal
 }  // namespace testing
 
 #endif  // GTEST_SRC_GTEST_INTERNAL_INL_H_
--- a/testing/gtest/gtest/src/gtest-port.cc
+++ b/testing/gtest/gtest/src/gtest-port.cc
@@ -30,62 +30,95 @@
 // Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
 
 #include "gtest/internal/gtest-port.h"
 
 #include <limits.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <string.h>
+#include <fstream>
 
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
-# include <windows.h>  // For TerminateProcess()
-#elif GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+# include <windows.h>
 # include <io.h>
 # include <sys/stat.h>
+# include <map>  // Used in ThreadLocal.
 #else
 # include <unistd.h>
-#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 
 #if GTEST_OS_MAC
 # include <mach/mach_init.h>
 # include <mach/task.h>
 # include <mach/vm_map.h>
 #endif  // GTEST_OS_MAC
 
+#if GTEST_OS_QNX
+# include <devctl.h>
+# include <fcntl.h>
+# include <sys/procfs.h>
+#endif  // GTEST_OS_QNX
+
+#if GTEST_OS_AIX
+# include <procinfo.h>
+# include <sys/types.h>
+#endif  // GTEST_OS_AIX
+
 #include "gtest/gtest-spi.h"
 #include "gtest/gtest-message.h"
 #include "gtest/internal/gtest-internal.h"
 #include "gtest/internal/gtest-string.h"
 
 // Indicates that this translation unit is part of Google Test's
 // implementation.  It must come before gtest-internal-inl.h is
-// included, or there will be a compiler error.  This trick is to
-// prevent a user from accidentally including gtest-internal-inl.h in
-// his code.
+// included, or there will be a compiler error.  This trick exists to
+// prevent the accidental inclusion of gtest-internal-inl.h in the
+// user's code.
 #define GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_ 1
 #include "src/gtest-internal-inl.h"
 #undef GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_
 
 namespace testing {
 namespace internal {
 
 #if defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__BORLANDC__)
 // MSVC and C++Builder do not provide a definition of STDERR_FILENO.
 const int kStdOutFileno = 1;
 const int kStdErrFileno = 2;
 #else
 const int kStdOutFileno = STDOUT_FILENO;
 const int kStdErrFileno = STDERR_FILENO;
 #endif  // _MSC_VER
 
-#if GTEST_OS_MAC
+#if GTEST_OS_LINUX
 
-// Returns the number of threads running in the process, or 0 to indicate that
-// we cannot detect it.
+namespace {
+template <typename T>
+T ReadProcFileField(const string& filename, int field) {
+  std::string dummy;
+  std::ifstream file(filename.c_str());
+  while (field-- > 0) {
+    file >> dummy;
+  }
+  T output = 0;
+  file >> output;
+  return output;
+}
+}  // namespace
+
+// Returns the number of active threads, or 0 when there is an error.
+size_t GetThreadCount() {
+  const string filename =
+      (Message() << "/proc/" << getpid() << "/stat").GetString();
+  return ReadProcFileField<int>(filename, 19);
+}
+
+#elif GTEST_OS_MAC
+
 size_t GetThreadCount() {
   const task_t task = mach_task_self();
   mach_msg_type_number_t thread_count;
   thread_act_array_t thread_list;
   const kern_return_t status = task_threads(task, &thread_list, &thread_count);
   if (status == KERN_SUCCESS) {
     // task_threads allocates resources in thread_list and we need to free them
     // to avoid leaks.
@@ -93,25 +126,441 @@ size_t GetThreadCount() {
                   reinterpret_cast<vm_address_t>(thread_list),
                   sizeof(thread_t) * thread_count);
     return static_cast<size_t>(thread_count);
   } else {
     return 0;
   }
 }
 
+#elif GTEST_OS_QNX
+
+// Returns the number of threads running in the process, or 0 to indicate that
+// we cannot detect it.
+size_t GetThreadCount() {
+  const int fd = open("/proc/self/as", O_RDONLY);
+  if (fd < 0) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+  procfs_info process_info;
+  const int status =
+      devctl(fd, DCMD_PROC_INFO, &process_info, sizeof(process_info), NULL);
+  close(fd);
+  if (status == EOK) {
+    return static_cast<size_t>(process_info.num_threads);
+  } else {
+    return 0;
+  }
+}
+
+#elif GTEST_OS_AIX
+
+size_t GetThreadCount() {
+  struct procentry64 entry;
+  pid_t pid = getpid();
+  int status = getprocs64(&entry, sizeof(entry), NULL, 0, &pid, 1);
+  if (status == 1) {
+    return entry.pi_thcount;
+  } else {
+    return 0;
+  }
+}
+
 #else
 
 size_t GetThreadCount() {
   // There's no portable way to detect the number of threads, so we just
   // return 0 to indicate that we cannot detect it.
   return 0;
 }
 
-#endif  // GTEST_OS_MAC
+#endif  // GTEST_OS_LINUX
+
+#if GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE && GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+
+void SleepMilliseconds(int n) {
+  ::Sleep(n);
+}
+
+AutoHandle::AutoHandle()
+    : handle_(INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {}
+
+AutoHandle::AutoHandle(Handle handle)
+    : handle_(handle) {}
+
+AutoHandle::~AutoHandle() {
+  Reset();
+}
+
+AutoHandle::Handle AutoHandle::Get() const {
+  return handle_;
+}
+
+void AutoHandle::Reset() {
+  Reset(INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE);
+}
+
+void AutoHandle::Reset(HANDLE handle) {
+  // Resetting with the same handle we already own is invalid.
+  if (handle_ != handle) {
+    if (IsCloseable()) {
+      ::CloseHandle(handle_);
+    }
+    handle_ = handle;
+  } else {
+    GTEST_CHECK_(!IsCloseable())
+        << "Resetting a valid handle to itself is likely a programmer error "
+            "and thus not allowed.";
+  }
+}
+
+bool AutoHandle::IsCloseable() const {
+  // Different Windows APIs may use either of these values to represent an
+  // invalid handle.
+  return handle_ != NULL && handle_ != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
+}
+
+Notification::Notification()
+    : event_(::CreateEvent(NULL,   // Default security attributes.
+                           TRUE,   // Do not reset automatically.
+                           FALSE,  // Initially unset.
+                           NULL)) {  // Anonymous event.
+  GTEST_CHECK_(event_.Get() != NULL);
+}
+
+void Notification::Notify() {
+  GTEST_CHECK_(::SetEvent(event_.Get()) != FALSE);
+}
+
+void Notification::WaitForNotification() {
+  GTEST_CHECK_(
+      ::WaitForSingleObject(event_.Get(), INFINITE) == WAIT_OBJECT_0);
+}
+
+Mutex::Mutex()
+    : owner_thread_id_(0),
+      type_(kDynamic),
+      critical_section_init_phase_(0),
+      critical_section_(new CRITICAL_SECTION) {
+  ::InitializeCriticalSection(critical_section_);
+}
+
+Mutex::~Mutex() {
+  // Static mutexes are leaked intentionally. It is not thread-safe to try
+  // to clean them up.
+  // TODO(yukawa): Switch to Slim Reader/Writer (SRW) Locks, which requires
+  // nothing to clean it up but is available only on Vista and later.
+  // http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa904937.aspx
+  if (type_ == kDynamic) {
+    ::DeleteCriticalSection(critical_section_);
+    delete critical_section_;
+    critical_section_ = NULL;
+  }
+}
+
+void Mutex::Lock() {
+  ThreadSafeLazyInit();
+  ::EnterCriticalSection(critical_section_);
+  owner_thread_id_ = ::GetCurrentThreadId();
+}
+
+void Mutex::Unlock() {
+  ThreadSafeLazyInit();
+  // We don't protect writing to owner_thread_id_ here, as it's the
+  // caller's responsibility to ensure that the current thread holds the
+  // mutex when this is called.
+  owner_thread_id_ = 0;
+  ::LeaveCriticalSection(critical_section_);
+}
+
+// Does nothing if the current thread holds the mutex. Otherwise, crashes
+// with high probability.
+void Mutex::AssertHeld() {
+  ThreadSafeLazyInit();
+  GTEST_CHECK_(owner_thread_id_ == ::GetCurrentThreadId())
+      << "The current thread is not holding the mutex @" << this;
+}
+
+// Initializes owner_thread_id_ and critical_section_ in static mutexes.
+void Mutex::ThreadSafeLazyInit() {
+  // Dynamic mutexes are initialized in the constructor.
+  if (type_ == kStatic) {
+    switch (
+        ::InterlockedCompareExchange(&critical_section_init_phase_, 1L, 0L)) {
+      case 0:
+        // If critical_section_init_phase_ was 0 before the exchange, we
+        // are the first to test it and need to perform the initialization.
+        owner_thread_id_ = 0;
+        critical_section_ = new CRITICAL_SECTION;
+        ::InitializeCriticalSection(critical_section_);
+        // Updates the critical_section_init_phase_ to 2 to signal
+        // initialization complete.
+        GTEST_CHECK_(::InterlockedCompareExchange(
+                          &critical_section_init_phase_, 2L, 1L) ==
+                      1L);
+        break;
+      case 1:
+        // Somebody else is already initializing the mutex; spin until they
+        // are done.
+        while (::InterlockedCompareExchange(&critical_section_init_phase_,
+                                            2L,
+                                            2L) != 2L) {
+          // Possibly yields the rest of the thread's time slice to other
+          // threads.
+          ::Sleep(0);
+        }
+        break;
+
+      case 2:
+        break;  // The mutex is already initialized and ready for use.
+
+      default:
+        GTEST_CHECK_(false)
+            << "Unexpected value of critical_section_init_phase_ "
+            << "while initializing a static mutex.";
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+namespace {
+
+class ThreadWithParamSupport : public ThreadWithParamBase {
+ public:
+  static HANDLE CreateThread(Runnable* runnable,
+                             Notification* thread_can_start) {
+    ThreadMainParam* param = new ThreadMainParam(runnable, thread_can_start);
+    DWORD thread_id;
+    // TODO(yukawa): Consider to use _beginthreadex instead.
+    HANDLE thread_handle = ::CreateThread(
+        NULL,    // Default security.
+        0,       // Default stack size.
+        &ThreadWithParamSupport::ThreadMain,
+        param,   // Parameter to ThreadMainStatic
+        0x0,     // Default creation flags.
+        &thread_id);  // Need a valid pointer for the call to work under Win98.
+    GTEST_CHECK_(thread_handle != NULL) << "CreateThread failed with error "
+                                        << ::GetLastError() << ".";
+    if (thread_handle == NULL) {
+      delete param;
+    }
+    return thread_handle;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  struct ThreadMainParam {
+    ThreadMainParam(Runnable* runnable, Notification* thread_can_start)
+        : runnable_(runnable),
+          thread_can_start_(thread_can_start) {
+    }
+    scoped_ptr<Runnable> runnable_;
+    // Does not own.
+    Notification* thread_can_start_;
+  };
+
+  static DWORD WINAPI ThreadMain(void* ptr) {
+    // Transfers ownership.
+    scoped_ptr<ThreadMainParam> param(static_cast<ThreadMainParam*>(ptr));
+    if (param->thread_can_start_ != NULL)
+      param->thread_can_start_->WaitForNotification();
+    param->runnable_->Run();
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  // Prohibit instantiation.
+  ThreadWithParamSupport();
+
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(ThreadWithParamSupport);
+};
+
+}  // namespace
+
+ThreadWithParamBase::ThreadWithParamBase(Runnable *runnable,
+                                         Notification* thread_can_start)
+      : thread_(ThreadWithParamSupport::CreateThread(runnable,
+                                                     thread_can_start)) {
+}
+
+ThreadWithParamBase::~ThreadWithParamBase() {
+  Join();
+}
+
+void ThreadWithParamBase::Join() {
+  GTEST_CHECK_(::WaitForSingleObject(thread_.Get(), INFINITE) == WAIT_OBJECT_0)
+      << "Failed to join the thread with error " << ::GetLastError() << ".";
+}
+
+// Maps a thread to a set of ThreadIdToThreadLocals that have values
+// instantiated on that thread and notifies them when the thread exits.  A
+// ThreadLocal instance is expected to persist until all threads it has
+// values on have terminated.
+class ThreadLocalRegistryImpl {
+ public:
+  // Registers thread_local_instance as having value on the current thread.
+  // Returns a value that can be used to identify the thread from other threads.
+  static ThreadLocalValueHolderBase* GetValueOnCurrentThread(
+      const ThreadLocalBase* thread_local_instance) {
+    DWORD current_thread = ::GetCurrentThreadId();
+    MutexLock lock(&mutex_);
+    ThreadIdToThreadLocals* const thread_to_thread_locals =
+        GetThreadLocalsMapLocked();
+    ThreadIdToThreadLocals::iterator thread_local_pos =
+        thread_to_thread_locals->find(current_thread);
+    if (thread_local_pos == thread_to_thread_locals->end()) {
+      thread_local_pos = thread_to_thread_locals->insert(
+          std::make_pair(current_thread, ThreadLocalValues())).first;
+      StartWatcherThreadFor(current_thread);
+    }
+    ThreadLocalValues& thread_local_values = thread_local_pos->second;
+    ThreadLocalValues::iterator value_pos =
+        thread_local_values.find(thread_local_instance);
+    if (value_pos == thread_local_values.end()) {
+      value_pos =
+          thread_local_values
+              .insert(std::make_pair(
+                  thread_local_instance,
+                  linked_ptr<ThreadLocalValueHolderBase>(
+                      thread_local_instance->NewValueForCurrentThread())))
+              .first;
+    }
+    return value_pos->second.get();
+  }
+
+  static void OnThreadLocalDestroyed(
+      const ThreadLocalBase* thread_local_instance) {
+    std::vector<linked_ptr<ThreadLocalValueHolderBase> > value_holders;
+    // Clean up the ThreadLocalValues data structure while holding the lock, but
+    // defer the destruction of the ThreadLocalValueHolderBases.
+    {
+      MutexLock lock(&mutex_);
+      ThreadIdToThreadLocals* const thread_to_thread_locals =
+          GetThreadLocalsMapLocked();
+      for (ThreadIdToThreadLocals::iterator it =
+          thread_to_thread_locals->begin();
+          it != thread_to_thread_locals->end();
+          ++it) {
+        ThreadLocalValues& thread_local_values = it->second;
+        ThreadLocalValues::iterator value_pos =
+            thread_local_values.find(thread_local_instance);
+        if (value_pos != thread_local_values.end()) {
+          value_holders.push_back(value_pos->second);
+          thread_local_values.erase(value_pos);
+          // This 'if' can only be successful at most once, so theoretically we
+          // could break out of the loop here, but we don't bother doing so.
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    // Outside the lock, let the destructor for 'value_holders' deallocate the
+    // ThreadLocalValueHolderBases.
+  }
+
+  static void OnThreadExit(DWORD thread_id) {
+    GTEST_CHECK_(thread_id != 0) << ::GetLastError();
+    std::vector<linked_ptr<ThreadLocalValueHolderBase> > value_holders;
+    // Clean up the ThreadIdToThreadLocals data structure while holding the
+    // lock, but defer the destruction of the ThreadLocalValueHolderBases.
+    {
+      MutexLock lock(&mutex_);
+      ThreadIdToThreadLocals* const thread_to_thread_locals =
+          GetThreadLocalsMapLocked();
+      ThreadIdToThreadLocals::iterator thread_local_pos =
+          thread_to_thread_locals->find(thread_id);
+      if (thread_local_pos != thread_to_thread_locals->end()) {
+        ThreadLocalValues& thread_local_values = thread_local_pos->second;
+        for (ThreadLocalValues::iterator value_pos =
+            thread_local_values.begin();
+            value_pos != thread_local_values.end();
+            ++value_pos) {
+          value_holders.push_back(value_pos->second);
+        }
+        thread_to_thread_locals->erase(thread_local_pos);
+      }
+    }
+    // Outside the lock, let the destructor for 'value_holders' deallocate the
+    // ThreadLocalValueHolderBases.
+  }
+
+ private:
+  // In a particular thread, maps a ThreadLocal object to its value.
+  typedef std::map<const ThreadLocalBase*,
+                   linked_ptr<ThreadLocalValueHolderBase> > ThreadLocalValues;
+  // Stores all ThreadIdToThreadLocals having values in a thread, indexed by
+  // thread's ID.
+  typedef std::map<DWORD, ThreadLocalValues> ThreadIdToThreadLocals;
+
+  // Holds the thread id and thread handle that we pass from
+  // StartWatcherThreadFor to WatcherThreadFunc.
+  typedef std::pair<DWORD, HANDLE> ThreadIdAndHandle;
+
+  static void StartWatcherThreadFor(DWORD thread_id) {
+    // The returned handle will be kept in thread_map and closed by
+    // watcher_thread in WatcherThreadFunc.
+    HANDLE thread = ::OpenThread(SYNCHRONIZE | THREAD_QUERY_INFORMATION,
+                                 FALSE,
+                                 thread_id);
+    GTEST_CHECK_(thread != NULL);
+    // We need to to pass a valid thread ID pointer into CreateThread for it
+    // to work correctly under Win98.
+    DWORD watcher_thread_id;
+    HANDLE watcher_thread = ::CreateThread(
+        NULL,   // Default security.
+        0,      // Default stack size
+        &ThreadLocalRegistryImpl::WatcherThreadFunc,
+        reinterpret_cast<LPVOID>(new ThreadIdAndHandle(thread_id, thread)),
+        CREATE_SUSPENDED,
+        &watcher_thread_id);
+    GTEST_CHECK_(watcher_thread != NULL);
+    // Give the watcher thread the same priority as ours to avoid being
+    // blocked by it.
+    ::SetThreadPriority(watcher_thread,
+                        ::GetThreadPriority(::GetCurrentThread()));
+    ::ResumeThread(watcher_thread);
+    ::CloseHandle(watcher_thread);
+  }
+
+  // Monitors exit from a given thread and notifies those
+  // ThreadIdToThreadLocals about thread termination.
+  static DWORD WINAPI WatcherThreadFunc(LPVOID param) {
+    const ThreadIdAndHandle* tah =
+        reinterpret_cast<const ThreadIdAndHandle*>(param);
+    GTEST_CHECK_(
+        ::WaitForSingleObject(tah->second, INFINITE) == WAIT_OBJECT_0);
+    OnThreadExit(tah->first);
+    ::CloseHandle(tah->second);
+    delete tah;
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  // Returns map of thread local instances.
+  static ThreadIdToThreadLocals* GetThreadLocalsMapLocked() {
+    mutex_.AssertHeld();
+    static ThreadIdToThreadLocals* map = new ThreadIdToThreadLocals;
+    return map;
+  }
+
+  // Protects access to GetThreadLocalsMapLocked() and its return value.
+  static Mutex mutex_;
+  // Protects access to GetThreadMapLocked() and its return value.
+  static Mutex thread_map_mutex_;
+};
+
+Mutex ThreadLocalRegistryImpl::mutex_(Mutex::kStaticMutex);
+Mutex ThreadLocalRegistryImpl::thread_map_mutex_(Mutex::kStaticMutex);
+
+ThreadLocalValueHolderBase* ThreadLocalRegistry::GetValueOnCurrentThread(
+      const ThreadLocalBase* thread_local_instance) {
+  return ThreadLocalRegistryImpl::GetValueOnCurrentThread(
+      thread_local_instance);
+}
+
+void ThreadLocalRegistry::OnThreadLocalDestroyed(
+      const ThreadLocalBase* thread_local_instance) {
+  ThreadLocalRegistryImpl::OnThreadLocalDestroyed(thread_local_instance);
+}
+
+#endif  // GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE && GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 
 #if GTEST_USES_POSIX_RE
 
 // Implements RE.  Currently only needed for death tests.
 
 RE::~RE() {
   if (is_valid_) {
     // regfree'ing an invalid regex might crash because the content
@@ -217,17 +666,17 @@ bool AtomMatchesChar(bool escaped, char 
     }
     return IsAsciiPunct(pattern_char) && pattern_char == ch;
   }
 
   return (pattern_char == '.' && ch != '\n') || pattern_char == ch;
 }
 
 // Helper function used by ValidateRegex() to format error messages.
-String FormatRegexSyntaxError(const char* regex, int index) {
+std::string FormatRegexSyntaxError(const char* regex, int index) {
   return (Message() << "Syntax error at index " << index
           << " in simple regular expression \"" << regex << "\": ").GetString();
 }
 
 // Generates non-fatal failures and returns false if regex is invalid;
 // otherwise returns true.
 bool ValidateRegex(const char* regex) {
   if (regex == NULL) {
@@ -424,44 +873,43 @@ void RE::Init(const char* regex) {
 
 #endif  // GTEST_USES_POSIX_RE
 
 const char kUnknownFile[] = "unknown file";
 
 // Formats a source file path and a line number as they would appear
 // in an error message from the compiler used to compile this code.
 GTEST_API_ ::std::string FormatFileLocation(const char* file, int line) {
-  const char* const file_name = file == NULL ? kUnknownFile : file;
+  const std::string file_name(file == NULL ? kUnknownFile : file);
 
   if (line < 0) {
-    return String::Format("%s:", file_name).c_str();
+    return file_name + ":";
   }
 #ifdef _MSC_VER
-  return String::Format("%s(%d):", file_name, line).c_str();
+  return file_name + "(" + StreamableToString(line) + "):";
 #else
-  return String::Format("%s:%d:", file_name, line).c_str();
+  return file_name + ":" + StreamableToString(line) + ":";
 #endif  // _MSC_VER
 }
 
 // Formats a file location for compiler-independent XML output.
 // Although this function is not platform dependent, we put it next to
 // FormatFileLocation in order to contrast the two functions.
 // Note that FormatCompilerIndependentFileLocation() does NOT append colon
 // to the file location it produces, unlike FormatFileLocation().
 GTEST_API_ ::std::string FormatCompilerIndependentFileLocation(
     const char* file, int line) {
-  const char* const file_name = file == NULL ? kUnknownFile : file;
+  const std::string file_name(file == NULL ? kUnknownFile : file);
 
   if (line < 0)
     return file_name;
   else
-    return String::Format("%s:%d", file_name, line).c_str();
+    return file_name + ":" + StreamableToString(line);
 }
 
-
 GTestLog::GTestLog(GTestLogSeverity severity, const char* file, int line)
     : severity_(severity) {
   const char* const marker =
       severity == GTEST_INFO ?    "[  INFO ]" :
       severity == GTEST_WARNING ? "[WARNING]" :
       severity == GTEST_ERROR ?   "[ ERROR ]" : "[ FATAL ]";
   GetStream() << ::std::endl << marker << " "
               << FormatFileLocation(file, line).c_str() << ": ";
@@ -472,139 +920,117 @@ GTestLog::~GTestLog() {
   GetStream() << ::std::endl;
   if (severity_ == GTEST_FATAL) {
     fflush(stderr);
     posix::Abort();
   }
 }
 // Disable Microsoft deprecation warnings for POSIX functions called from
 // this class (creat, dup, dup2, and close)
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-# pragma warning(push)
-# pragma warning(disable: 4996)
-#endif  // _MSC_VER
+GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(4996)
 
 #if GTEST_HAS_STREAM_REDIRECTION
 
 // Object that captures an output stream (stdout/stderr).
 class CapturedStream {
  public:
   // The ctor redirects the stream to a temporary file.
-  CapturedStream(int fd) : fd_(fd), uncaptured_fd_(dup(fd)) {
-
+  explicit CapturedStream(int fd) : fd_(fd), uncaptured_fd_(dup(fd)) {
 # if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
     char temp_dir_path[MAX_PATH + 1] = { '\0' };  // NOLINT
     char temp_file_path[MAX_PATH + 1] = { '\0' };  // NOLINT
 
     ::GetTempPathA(sizeof(temp_dir_path), temp_dir_path);
     const UINT success = ::GetTempFileNameA(temp_dir_path,
                                             "gtest_redir",
                                             0,  // Generate unique file name.
                                             temp_file_path);
     GTEST_CHECK_(success != 0)
         << "Unable to create a temporary file in " << temp_dir_path;
     const int captured_fd = creat(temp_file_path, _S_IREAD | _S_IWRITE);
     GTEST_CHECK_(captured_fd != -1) << "Unable to open temporary file "
                                     << temp_file_path;
     filename_ = temp_file_path;
 # else
-    // There's no guarantee that a test has write access to the
-    // current directory, so we create the temporary file in the /tmp
-    // directory instead.
+    // There's no guarantee that a test has write access to the current
+    // directory, so we create the temporary file in the /tmp directory
+    // instead. We use /tmp on most systems, and /sdcard on Android.
+    // That's because Android doesn't have /tmp.
+#  if GTEST_OS_LINUX_ANDROID
+    // Note: Android applications are expected to call the framework's
+    // Context.getExternalStorageDirectory() method through JNI to get
+    // the location of the world-writable SD Card directory. However,
+    // this requires a Context handle, which cannot be retrieved
+    // globally from native code. Doing so also precludes running the
+    // code as part of a regular standalone executable, which doesn't
+    // run in a Dalvik process (e.g. when running it through 'adb shell').
+    //
+    // The location /sdcard is directly accessible from native code
+    // and is the only location (unofficially) supported by the Android
+    // team. It's generally a symlink to the real SD Card mount point
+    // which can be /mnt/sdcard, /mnt/sdcard0, /system/media/sdcard, or
+    // other OEM-customized locations. Never rely on these, and always
+    // use /sdcard.
+    char name_template[] = "/sdcard/gtest_captured_stream.XXXXXX";
+#  else
     char name_template[] = "/tmp/captured_stream.XXXXXX";
+#  endif  // GTEST_OS_LINUX_ANDROID
     const int captured_fd = mkstemp(name_template);
     filename_ = name_template;
 # endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
     fflush(NULL);
     dup2(captured_fd, fd_);
     close(captured_fd);
   }
 
   ~CapturedStream() {
     remove(filename_.c_str());
   }
 
-  String GetCapturedString() {
+  std::string GetCapturedString() {
     if (uncaptured_fd_ != -1) {
       // Restores the original stream.
       fflush(NULL);
       dup2(uncaptured_fd_, fd_);
       close(uncaptured_fd_);
       uncaptured_fd_ = -1;
     }
 
     FILE* const file = posix::FOpen(filename_.c_str(), "r");
-    const String content = ReadEntireFile(file);
+    const std::string content = ReadEntireFile(file);
     posix::FClose(file);
     return content;
   }
 
  private:
-  // Reads the entire content of a file as a String.
-  static String ReadEntireFile(FILE* file);
-
-  // Returns the size (in bytes) of a file.
-  static size_t GetFileSize(FILE* file);
-
   const int fd_;  // A stream to capture.
   int uncaptured_fd_;
   // Name of the temporary file holding the stderr output.
   ::std::string filename_;
 
   GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(CapturedStream);
 };
 
-// Returns the size (in bytes) of a file.
-size_t CapturedStream::GetFileSize(FILE* file) {
-  fseek(file, 0, SEEK_END);
-  return static_cast<size_t>(ftell(file));
-}
-
-// Reads the entire content of a file as a string.
-String CapturedStream::ReadEntireFile(FILE* file) {
-  const size_t file_size = GetFileSize(file);
-  char* const buffer = new char[file_size];
-
-  size_t bytes_last_read = 0;  // # of bytes read in the last fread()
-  size_t bytes_read = 0;       // # of bytes read so far
-
-  fseek(file, 0, SEEK_SET);
-
-  // Keeps reading the file until we cannot read further or the
-  // pre-determined file size is reached.
-  do {
-    bytes_last_read = fread(buffer+bytes_read, 1, file_size-bytes_read, file);
-    bytes_read += bytes_last_read;
-  } while (bytes_last_read > 0 && bytes_read < file_size);
-
-  const String content(buffer, bytes_read);
-  delete[] buffer;
-
-  return content;
-}
-
-# ifdef _MSC_VER
-#  pragma warning(pop)
-# endif  // _MSC_VER
+GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_()
 
 static CapturedStream* g_captured_stderr = NULL;
 static CapturedStream* g_captured_stdout = NULL;
 
 // Starts capturing an output stream (stdout/stderr).
 void CaptureStream(int fd, const char* stream_name, CapturedStream** stream) {
   if (*stream != NULL) {
     GTEST_LOG_(FATAL) << "Only one " << stream_name
                       << " capturer can exist at a time.";
   }
   *stream = new CapturedStream(fd);
 }
 
 // Stops capturing the output stream and returns the captured string.
-String GetCapturedStream(CapturedStream** captured_stream) {
-  const String content = (*captured_stream)->GetCapturedString();
+std::string GetCapturedStream(CapturedStream** captured_stream) {
+  const std::string content = (*captured_stream)->GetCapturedString();
 
   delete *captured_stream;
   *captured_stream = NULL;
 
   return content;
 }
 
 // Starts capturing stdout.
@@ -613,47 +1039,105 @@ void CaptureStdout() {
 }
 
 // Starts capturing stderr.
 void CaptureStderr() {
   CaptureStream(kStdErrFileno, "stderr", &g_captured_stderr);
 }
 
 // Stops capturing stdout and returns the captured string.
-String GetCapturedStdout() { return GetCapturedStream(&g_captured_stdout); }
+std::string GetCapturedStdout() {
+  return GetCapturedStream(&g_captured_stdout);
+}
 
 // Stops capturing stderr and returns the captured string.
-String GetCapturedStderr() { return GetCapturedStream(&g_captured_stderr); }
+std::string GetCapturedStderr() {
+  return GetCapturedStream(&g_captured_stderr);
+}
 
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_STREAM_REDIRECTION
 
+std::string TempDir() {
+#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+  return "\\temp\\";
+#elif GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+  const char* temp_dir = posix::GetEnv("TEMP");
+  if (temp_dir == NULL || temp_dir[0] == '\0')
+    return "\\temp\\";
+  else if (temp_dir[strlen(temp_dir) - 1] == '\\')
+    return temp_dir;
+  else
+    return std::string(temp_dir) + "\\";
+#elif GTEST_OS_LINUX_ANDROID
+  return "/sdcard/";
+#else
+  return "/tmp/";
+#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+}
+
+size_t GetFileSize(FILE* file) {
+  fseek(file, 0, SEEK_END);
+  return static_cast<size_t>(ftell(file));
+}
+
+std::string ReadEntireFile(FILE* file) {
+  const size_t file_size = GetFileSize(file);
+  char* const buffer = new char[file_size];
+
+  size_t bytes_last_read = 0;  // # of bytes read in the last fread()
+  size_t bytes_read = 0;       // # of bytes read so far
+
+  fseek(file, 0, SEEK_SET);
+
+  // Keeps reading the file until we cannot read further or the
+  // pre-determined file size is reached.
+  do {
+    bytes_last_read = fread(buffer+bytes_read, 1, file_size-bytes_read, file);
+    bytes_read += bytes_last_read;
+  } while (bytes_last_read > 0 && bytes_read < file_size);
+
+  const std::string content(buffer, bytes_read);
+  delete[] buffer;
+
+  return content;
+}
+
 #if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
 
-// A copy of all command line arguments.  Set by InitGoogleTest().
-::std::vector<String> g_argvs;
+static const ::std::vector<testing::internal::string>* g_injected_test_argvs =
+                                        NULL;  // Owned.
 
-// Returns the command line as a vector of strings.
-const ::std::vector<String>& GetArgvs() { return g_argvs; }
+void SetInjectableArgvs(const ::std::vector<testing::internal::string>* argvs) {
+  if (g_injected_test_argvs != argvs)
+    delete g_injected_test_argvs;
+  g_injected_test_argvs = argvs;
+}
 
+const ::std::vector<testing::internal::string>& GetInjectableArgvs() {
+  if (g_injected_test_argvs != NULL) {
+    return *g_injected_test_argvs;
+  }
+  return GetArgvs();
+}
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
 
 #if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
 namespace posix {
 void Abort() {
   DebugBreak();
   TerminateProcess(GetCurrentProcess(), 1);
 }
 }  // namespace posix
 #endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
 
 // Returns the name of the environment variable corresponding to the
 // given flag.  For example, FlagToEnvVar("foo") will return
 // "GTEST_FOO" in the open-source version.
-static String FlagToEnvVar(const char* flag) {
-  const String full_flag =
+static std::string FlagToEnvVar(const char* flag) {
+  const std::string full_flag =
       (Message() << GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ << flag).GetString();
 
   Message env_var;
   for (size_t i = 0; i != full_flag.length(); i++) {
     env_var << ToUpper(full_flag.c_str()[i]);
   }
 
   return env_var.GetString();
@@ -700,27 +1184,33 @@ bool ParseInt32(const Message& src_text,
   return true;
 }
 
 // Reads and returns the Boolean environment variable corresponding to
 // the given flag; if it's not set, returns default_value.
 //
 // The value is considered true iff it's not "0".
 bool BoolFromGTestEnv(const char* flag, bool default_value) {
-  const String env_var = FlagToEnvVar(flag);
+#if defined(GTEST_GET_BOOL_FROM_ENV_)
+  return GTEST_GET_BOOL_FROM_ENV_(flag, default_value);
+#endif  // defined(GTEST_GET_BOOL_FROM_ENV_)
+  const std::string env_var = FlagToEnvVar(flag);
   const char* const string_value = posix::GetEnv(env_var.c_str());
   return string_value == NULL ?
       default_value : strcmp(string_value, "0") != 0;
 }
 
 // Reads and returns a 32-bit integer stored in the environment
 // variable corresponding to the given flag; if it isn't set or
 // doesn't represent a valid 32-bit integer, returns default_value.
 Int32 Int32FromGTestEnv(const char* flag, Int32 default_value) {
-  const String env_var = FlagToEnvVar(flag);
+#if defined(GTEST_GET_INT32_FROM_ENV_)
+  return GTEST_GET_INT32_FROM_ENV_(flag, default_value);
+#endif  // defined(GTEST_GET_INT32_FROM_ENV_)
+  const std::string env_var = FlagToEnvVar(flag);
   const char* const string_value = posix::GetEnv(env_var.c_str());
   if (string_value == NULL) {
     // The environment variable is not set.
     return default_value;
   }
 
   Int32 result = default_value;
   if (!ParseInt32(Message() << "Environment variable " << env_var,
@@ -731,16 +1221,39 @@ Int32 Int32FromGTestEnv(const char* flag
     return default_value;
   }
 
   return result;
 }
 
 // Reads and returns the string environment variable corresponding to
 // the given flag; if it's not set, returns default_value.
-const char* StringFromGTestEnv(const char* flag, const char* default_value) {
-  const String env_var = FlagToEnvVar(flag);
-  const char* const value = posix::GetEnv(env_var.c_str());
-  return value == NULL ? default_value : value;
+std::string StringFromGTestEnv(const char* flag, const char* default_value) {
+#if defined(GTEST_GET_STRING_FROM_ENV_)
+  return GTEST_GET_STRING_FROM_ENV_(flag, default_value);
+#endif  // defined(GTEST_GET_STRING_FROM_ENV_)
+  const std::string env_var = FlagToEnvVar(flag);
+  const char* value = posix::GetEnv(env_var.c_str());
+  if (value != NULL) {
+    return value;
+  }
+
+  // As a special case for the 'output' flag, if GTEST_OUTPUT is not
+  // set, we look for XML_OUTPUT_FILE, which is set by the Bazel build
+  // system.  The value of XML_OUTPUT_FILE is a filename without the
+  // "xml:" prefix of GTEST_OUTPUT.
+  //
+  // The net priority order after flag processing is thus:
+  //   --gtest_output command line flag
+  //   GTEST_OUTPUT environment variable
+  //   XML_OUTPUT_FILE environment variable
+  //   'default_value'
+  if (strcmp(flag, "output") == 0) {
+    value = posix::GetEnv("XML_OUTPUT_FILE");
+    if (value != NULL) {
+      return std::string("xml:") + value;
+    }
+  }
+  return default_value;
 }
 
 }  // namespace internal
 }  // namespace testing
--- a/testing/gtest/gtest/src/gtest-printers.cc
+++ b/testing/gtest/gtest/src/gtest-printers.cc
@@ -40,49 +40,45 @@
 // object otherwise.  A user can override its behavior for a class
 // type Foo by defining either operator<<(::std::ostream&, const Foo&)
 // or void PrintTo(const Foo&, ::std::ostream*) in the namespace that
 // defines Foo.
 
 #include "gtest/gtest-printers.h"
 #include <ctype.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
+#include <cwchar>
 #include <ostream>  // NOLINT
 #include <string>
 #include "gtest/internal/gtest-port.h"
 
 namespace testing {
 
 namespace {
 
 using ::std::ostream;
 
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE  // Windows CE does not define _snprintf_s.
-# define snprintf _snprintf
-#elif _MSC_VER >= 1400  // VC 8.0 and later deprecate snprintf and _snprintf.
-# define snprintf _snprintf_s
-#elif _MSC_VER
-# define snprintf _snprintf
-#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
-
 // Prints a segment of bytes in the given object.
+GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_MEMORY_
+GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_ADDRESS_
+GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_THREAD_
 void PrintByteSegmentInObjectTo(const unsigned char* obj_bytes, size_t start,
                                 size_t count, ostream* os) {
   char text[5] = "";
   for (size_t i = 0; i != count; i++) {
     const size_t j = start + i;
     if (i != 0) {
       // Organizes the bytes into groups of 2 for easy parsing by
       // human.
       if ((j % 2) == 0)
         *os << ' ';
       else
         *os << '-';
     }
-    snprintf(text, sizeof(text), "%02X", obj_bytes[j]);
+    GTEST_SNPRINTF_(text, sizeof(text), "%02X", obj_bytes[j]);
     *os << text;
   }
 }
 
 // Prints the bytes in the given value to the given ostream.
 void PrintBytesInObjectToImpl(const unsigned char* obj_bytes, size_t count,
                               ostream* os) {
   // Tells the user how big the object is.
@@ -179,42 +175,43 @@ static CharFormat PrintAsCharLiteralTo(C
     case L'\v':
       *os << "\\v";
       break;
     default:
       if (IsPrintableAscii(c)) {
         *os << static_cast<char>(c);
         return kAsIs;
       } else {
-        *os << String::Format("\\x%X", static_cast<UnsignedChar>(c));
+        *os << "\\x" + String::FormatHexInt(static_cast<UnsignedChar>(c));
         return kHexEscape;
       }
   }
   return kSpecialEscape;
 }
 
-// Prints a char c as if it's part of a string literal, escaping it when
+// Prints a wchar_t c as if it's part of a string literal, escaping it when
 // necessary; returns how c was formatted.
-static CharFormat PrintAsWideStringLiteralTo(wchar_t c, ostream* os) {
+static CharFormat PrintAsStringLiteralTo(wchar_t c, ostream* os) {
   switch (c) {
     case L'\'':
       *os << "'";
       return kAsIs;
     case L'"':
       *os << "\\\"";
       return kSpecialEscape;
     default:
       return PrintAsCharLiteralTo<wchar_t>(c, os);
   }
 }
 
 // Prints a char c as if it's part of a string literal, escaping it when
 // necessary; returns how c was formatted.
-static CharFormat PrintAsNarrowStringLiteralTo(char c, ostream* os) {
-  return PrintAsWideStringLiteralTo(static_cast<unsigned char>(c), os);
+static CharFormat PrintAsStringLiteralTo(char c, ostream* os) {
+  return PrintAsStringLiteralTo(
+      static_cast<wchar_t>(static_cast<unsigned char>(c)), os);
 }
 
 // Prints a wide or narrow character c and its code.  '\0' is printed
 // as "'\\0'", other unprintable characters are also properly escaped
 // using the standard C++ escape sequence.  The template argument
 // UnsignedChar is the unsigned version of Char, which is the type of c.
 template <typename UnsignedChar, typename Char>
 void PrintCharAndCodeTo(Char c, ostream* os) {
@@ -223,26 +220,25 @@ void PrintCharAndCodeTo(Char c, ostream*
   const CharFormat format = PrintAsCharLiteralTo<UnsignedChar>(c, os);
   *os << "'";
 
   // To aid user debugging, we also print c's code in decimal, unless
   // it's 0 (in which case c was printed as '\\0', making the code
   // obvious).
   if (c == 0)
     return;
-  *os << " (" << String::Format("%d", c).c_str();
+  *os << " (" << static_cast<int>(c);
 
   // For more convenience, we print c's code again in hexidecimal,
   // unless c was already printed in the form '\x##' or the code is in
   // [1, 9].
   if (format == kHexEscape || (1 <= c && c <= 9)) {
     // Do nothing.
   } else {
-    *os << String::Format(", 0x%X",
-                          static_cast<UnsignedChar>(c)).c_str();
+    *os << ", 0x" << String::FormatHexInt(static_cast<UnsignedChar>(c));
   }
   *os << ")";
 }
 
 void PrintTo(unsigned char c, ::std::ostream* os) {
   PrintCharAndCodeTo<unsigned char>(c, os);
 }
 void PrintTo(signed char c, ::std::ostream* os) {
@@ -250,58 +246,79 @@ void PrintTo(signed char c, ::std::ostre
 }
 
 // Prints a wchar_t as a symbol if it is printable or as its internal
 // code otherwise and also as its code.  L'\0' is printed as "L'\\0'".
 void PrintTo(wchar_t wc, ostream* os) {
   PrintCharAndCodeTo<wchar_t>(wc, os);
 }
 
-// Prints the given array of characters to the ostream.
-// The array starts at *begin, the length is len, it may include '\0' characters
-// and may not be null-terminated.
-static void PrintCharsAsStringTo(const char* begin, size_t len, ostream* os) {
-  *os << "\"";
+// Prints the given array of characters to the ostream.  CharType must be either
+// char or wchar_t.
+// The array starts at begin, the length is len, it may include '\0' characters
+// and may not be NUL-terminated.
+template <typename CharType>
+GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_MEMORY_
+GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_ADDRESS_
+GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_THREAD_
+static void PrintCharsAsStringTo(
+    const CharType* begin, size_t len, ostream* os) {
+  const char* const kQuoteBegin = sizeof(CharType) == 1 ? "\"" : "L\"";
+  *os << kQuoteBegin;
   bool is_previous_hex = false;
   for (size_t index = 0; index < len; ++index) {
-    const char cur = begin[index];
+    const CharType cur = begin[index];
     if (is_previous_hex && IsXDigit(cur)) {
       // Previous character is of '\x..' form and this character can be
       // interpreted as another hexadecimal digit in its number. Break string to
       // disambiguate.
-      *os << "\" \"";
+      *os << "\" " << kQuoteBegin;
     }
-    is_previous_hex = PrintAsNarrowStringLiteralTo(cur, os) == kHexEscape;
+    is_previous_hex = PrintAsStringLiteralTo(cur, os) == kHexEscape;
   }
   *os << "\"";
 }
 
+// Prints a (const) char/wchar_t array of 'len' elements, starting at address
+// 'begin'.  CharType must be either char or wchar_t.
+template <typename CharType>
+GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_MEMORY_
+GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_ADDRESS_
+GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_THREAD_
+static void UniversalPrintCharArray(
+    const CharType* begin, size_t len, ostream* os) {
+  // The code
+  //   const char kFoo[] = "foo";
+  // generates an array of 4, not 3, elements, with the last one being '\0'.
+  //
+  // Therefore when printing a char array, we don't print the last element if
+  // it's '\0', such that the output matches the string literal as it's
+  // written in the source code.
+  if (len > 0 && begin[len - 1] == '\0') {
+    PrintCharsAsStringTo(begin, len - 1, os);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // If, however, the last element in the array is not '\0', e.g.
+  //    const char kFoo[] = { 'f', 'o', 'o' };
+  // we must print the entire array.  We also print a message to indicate
+  // that the array is not NUL-terminated.
+  PrintCharsAsStringTo(begin, len, os);
+  *os << " (no terminating NUL)";
+}
+
 // Prints a (const) char array of 'len' elements, starting at address 'begin'.
 void UniversalPrintArray(const char* begin, size_t len, ostream* os) {
-  PrintCharsAsStringTo(begin, len, os);
+  UniversalPrintCharArray(begin, len, os);
 }
 
-// Prints the given array of wide characters to the ostream.
-// The array starts at *begin, the length is len, it may include L'\0'
-// characters and may not be null-terminated.
-static void PrintWideCharsAsStringTo(const wchar_t* begin, size_t len,
-                                     ostream* os) {
-  *os << "L\"";
-  bool is_previous_hex = false;
-  for (size_t index = 0; index < len; ++index) {
-    const wchar_t cur = begin[index];
-    if (is_previous_hex && isascii(cur) && IsXDigit(static_cast<char>(cur))) {
-      // Previous character is of '\x..' form and this character can be
-      // interpreted as another hexadecimal digit in its number. Break string to
-      // disambiguate.
-      *os << "\" L\"";
-    }
-    is_previous_hex = PrintAsWideStringLiteralTo(cur, os) == kHexEscape;
-  }
-  *os << "\"";
+// Prints a (const) wchar_t array of 'len' elements, starting at address
+// 'begin'.
+void UniversalPrintArray(const wchar_t* begin, size_t len, ostream* os) {
+  UniversalPrintCharArray(begin, len, os);
 }
 
 // Prints the given C string to the ostream.
 void PrintTo(const char* s, ostream* os) {
   if (s == NULL) {
     *os << "NULL";
   } else {
     *os << ImplicitCast_<const void*>(s) << " pointing to ";
@@ -317,17 +334,17 @@ void PrintTo(const char* s, ostream* os)
 // wchar_t is implemented as a native type.
 #if !defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(_NATIVE_WCHAR_T_DEFINED)
 // Prints the given wide C string to the ostream.
 void PrintTo(const wchar_t* s, ostream* os) {
   if (s == NULL) {
     *os << "NULL";
   } else {
     *os << ImplicitCast_<const void*>(s) << " pointing to ";
-    PrintWideCharsAsStringTo(s, wcslen(s), os);
+    PrintCharsAsStringTo(s, std::wcslen(s), os);
   }
 }
 #endif  // wchar_t is native
 
 // Prints a ::string object.
 #if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
 void PrintStringTo(const ::string& s, ostream* os) {
   PrintCharsAsStringTo(s.data(), s.size(), os);
@@ -336,21 +353,21 @@ void PrintStringTo(const ::string& s, os
 
 void PrintStringTo(const ::std::string& s, ostream* os) {
   PrintCharsAsStringTo(s.data(), s.size(), os);
 }
 
 // Prints a ::wstring object.
 #if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING
 void PrintWideStringTo(const ::wstring& s, ostream* os) {
-  PrintWideCharsAsStringTo(s.data(), s.size(), os);
+  PrintCharsAsStringTo(s.data(), s.size(), os);
 }
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING
 
 #if GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
 void PrintWideStringTo(const ::std::wstring& s, ostream* os) {
-  PrintWideCharsAsStringTo(s.data(), s.size(), os);
+  PrintCharsAsStringTo(s.data(), s.size(), os);
 }
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
 
 }  // namespace internal
 
 }  // namespace testing
--- a/testing/gtest/gtest/src/gtest-test-part.cc
+++ b/testing/gtest/gtest/src/gtest-test-part.cc
@@ -30,33 +30,33 @@
 // Author: mheule@google.com (Markus Heule)
 //
 // The Google C++ Testing Framework (Google Test)
 
 #include "gtest/gtest-test-part.h"
 
 // Indicates that this translation unit is part of Google Test's
 // implementation.  It must come before gtest-internal-inl.h is
-// included, or there will be a compiler error.  This trick is to
-// prevent a user from accidentally including gtest-internal-inl.h in
-// his code.
+// included, or there will be a compiler error.  This trick exists to
+// prevent the accidental inclusion of gtest-internal-inl.h in the
+// user's code.
 #define GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_ 1
 #include "src/gtest-internal-inl.h"
 #undef GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_
 
 namespace testing {
 
 using internal::GetUnitTestImpl;
 
 // Gets the summary of the failure message by omitting the stack trace
 // in it.
-internal::String TestPartResult::ExtractSummary(const char* message) {
+std::string TestPartResult::ExtractSummary(const char* message) {
   const char* const stack_trace = strstr(message, internal::kStackTraceMarker);
-  return stack_trace == NULL ? internal::String(message) :
-      internal::String(message, stack_trace - message);
+  return stack_trace == NULL ? message :
+      std::string(message, stack_trace);
 }
 
 // Prints a TestPartResult object.
 std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const TestPartResult& result) {
   return os
       << result.file_name() << ":" << result.line_number() << ": "
       << (result.type() == TestPartResult::kSuccess ? "Success" :
           result.type() == TestPartResult::kFatalFailure ? "Fatal failure" :
--- a/testing/gtest/gtest/src/gtest-typed-test.cc
+++ b/testing/gtest/gtest/src/gtest-typed-test.cc
@@ -40,65 +40,73 @@ namespace internal {
 // Skips to the first non-space char in str. Returns an empty string if str
 // contains only whitespace characters.
 static const char* SkipSpaces(const char* str) {
   while (IsSpace(*str))
     str++;
   return str;
 }
 
+static std::vector<std::string> SplitIntoTestNames(const char* src) {
+  std::vector<std::string> name_vec;
+  src = SkipSpaces(src);
+  for (; src != NULL; src = SkipComma(src)) {
+    name_vec.push_back(StripTrailingSpaces(GetPrefixUntilComma(src)));
+  }
+  return name_vec;
+}
+
 // Verifies that registered_tests match the test names in
-// defined_test_names_; returns registered_tests if successful, or
+// registered_tests_; returns registered_tests if successful, or
 // aborts the program otherwise.
 const char* TypedTestCasePState::VerifyRegisteredTestNames(
     const char* file, int line, const char* registered_tests) {
-  typedef ::std::set<const char*>::const_iterator DefinedTestIter;
+  typedef RegisteredTestsMap::const_iterator RegisteredTestIter;
   registered_ = true;
 
-  // Skip initial whitespace in registered_tests since some
-  // preprocessors prefix stringizied literals with whitespace.
-  registered_tests = SkipSpaces(registered_tests);
+  std::vector<std::string> name_vec = SplitIntoTestNames(registered_tests);
 
   Message errors;
-  ::std::set<String> tests;
-  for (const char* names = registered_tests; names != NULL;
-       names = SkipComma(names)) {
-    const String name = GetPrefixUntilComma(names);
+
+  std::set<std::string> tests;
+  for (std::vector<std::string>::const_iterator name_it = name_vec.begin();
+       name_it != name_vec.end(); ++name_it) {
+    const std::string& name = *name_it;
     if (tests.count(name) != 0) {
       errors << "Test " << name << " is listed more than once.\n";
       continue;
     }
 
     bool found = false;
-    for (DefinedTestIter it = defined_test_names_.begin();
-         it != defined_test_names_.end();
+    for (RegisteredTestIter it = registered_tests_.begin();
+         it != registered_tests_.end();
          ++it) {
-      if (name == *it) {
+      if (name == it->first) {
         found = true;
         break;
       }
     }
 
     if (found) {
       tests.insert(name);
     } else {
       errors << "No test named " << name
              << " can be found in this test case.\n";
     }
   }
 
-  for (DefinedTestIter it = defined_test_names_.begin();
-       it != defined_test_names_.end();
+  for (RegisteredTestIter it = registered_tests_.begin();
+       it != registered_tests_.end();
        ++it) {
-    if (tests.count(*it) == 0) {
-      errors << "You forgot to list test " << *it << ".\n";
+    if (tests.count(it->first) == 0) {
+      errors << "You forgot to list test " << it->first << ".\n";
     }
   }
 
-  const String& errors_str = errors.GetString();
+  const std::string& errors_str = errors.GetString();
   if (errors_str != "") {
     fprintf(stderr, "%s %s", FormatFileLocation(file, line).c_str(),
             errors_str.c_str());
     fflush(stderr);
     posix::Abort();
   }
 
   return registered_tests;
--- a/testing/gtest/gtest/src/gtest.cc
+++ b/testing/gtest/gtest/src/gtest.cc
@@ -27,27 +27,33 @@
 // (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
 // OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 //
 // Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
 //
 // The Google C++ Testing Framework (Google Test)
 
 #include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "gtest/internal/custom/gtest.h"
 #include "gtest/gtest-spi.h"
 
 #include <ctype.h>
 #include <math.h>
 #include <stdarg.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
+#include <time.h>
 #include <wchar.h>
 #include <wctype.h>
 
 #include <algorithm>
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <limits>
+#include <list>
+#include <map>
 #include <ostream>  // NOLINT
 #include <sstream>
 #include <vector>
 
 #if GTEST_OS_LINUX
 
 // TODO(kenton@google.com): Use autoconf to detect availability of
 // gettimeofday().
@@ -72,16 +78,17 @@
 # include <sys/time.h>  // NOLINT
 
 // On z/OS we additionally need strings.h for strcasecmp.
 # include <strings.h>  // NOLINT
 
 #elif GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE  // We are on Windows CE.
 
 # include <windows.h>  // NOLINT
+# undef min
 
 #elif GTEST_OS_WINDOWS  // We are on Windows proper.
 
 # include <io.h>  // NOLINT
 # include <sys/timeb.h>  // NOLINT
 # include <sys/types.h>  // NOLINT
 # include <sys/stat.h>  // NOLINT
 
@@ -94,16 +101,17 @@
 //   supports these.  consider using them instead.
 #  define GTEST_HAS_GETTIMEOFDAY_ 1
 #  include <sys/time.h>  // NOLINT
 # endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MINGW
 
 // cpplint thinks that the header is already included, so we want to
 // silence it.
 # include <windows.h>  // NOLINT
+# undef min
 
 #else
 
 // Assume other platforms have gettimeofday().
 // TODO(kenton@google.com): Use autoconf to detect availability of
 //   gettimeofday().
 # define GTEST_HAS_GETTIMEOFDAY_ 1
 
@@ -116,16 +124,18 @@
 
 #if GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
 # include <stdexcept>
 #endif
 
 #if GTEST_CAN_STREAM_RESULTS_
 # include <arpa/inet.h>  // NOLINT
 # include <netdb.h>  // NOLINT
+# include <sys/socket.h>  // NOLINT
+# include <sys/types.h>  // NOLINT
 #endif
 
 // Indicates that this translation unit is part of Google Test's
 // implementation.  It must come before gtest-internal-inl.h is
 // included, or there will be a compiler error.  This trick is to
 // prevent a user from accidentally including gtest-internal-inl.h in
 // his code.
 #define GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_ 1
@@ -174,16 +184,26 @@ namespace internal {
 const char kStackTraceMarker[] = "\nStack trace:\n";
 
 // g_help_flag is true iff the --help flag or an equivalent form is
 // specified on the command line.
 bool g_help_flag = false;
 
 }  // namespace internal
 
+static const char* GetDefaultFilter() {
+#ifdef GTEST_TEST_FILTER_ENV_VAR_
+  const char* const testbridge_test_only = getenv(GTEST_TEST_FILTER_ENV_VAR_);
+  if (testbridge_test_only != NULL) {
+    return testbridge_test_only;
+  }
+#endif  // GTEST_TEST_FILTER_ENV_VAR_
+  return kUniversalFilter;
+}
+
 GTEST_DEFINE_bool_(
     also_run_disabled_tests,
     internal::BoolFromGTestEnv("also_run_disabled_tests", false),
     "Run disabled tests too, in addition to the tests normally being run.");
 
 GTEST_DEFINE_bool_(
     break_on_failure,
     internal::BoolFromGTestEnv("break_on_failure", false),
@@ -196,21 +216,21 @@ GTEST_DEFINE_bool_(
     " should catch exceptions and treat them as test failures.");
 
 GTEST_DEFINE_string_(
     color,
     internal::StringFromGTestEnv("color", "auto"),
     "Whether to use colors in the output.  Valid values: yes, no, "
     "and auto.  'auto' means to use colors if the output is "
     "being sent to a terminal and the TERM environment variable "
-    "is set to xterm, xterm-color, xterm-256color, linux or cygwin.");
+    "is set to a terminal type that supports colors.");
 
 GTEST_DEFINE_string_(
     filter,
-    internal::StringFromGTestEnv("filter", kUniversalFilter),
+    internal::StringFromGTestEnv("filter", GetDefaultFilter()),
     "A colon-separated list of glob (not regex) patterns "
     "for filtering the tests to run, optionally followed by a "
     "'-' and a : separated list of negative patterns (tests to "
     "exclude).  A test is run if it matches one of the positive "
     "patterns and does not match any of the negative patterns.");
 
 GTEST_DEFINE_bool_(list_tests, false,
                    "List all tests without running them.");
@@ -271,16 +291,23 @@ GTEST_DEFINE_string_(
 
 GTEST_DEFINE_bool_(
     throw_on_failure,
     internal::BoolFromGTestEnv("throw_on_failure", false),
     "When this flag is specified, a failed assertion will throw an exception "
     "if exceptions are enabled or exit the program with a non-zero code "
     "otherwise.");
 
+#if GTEST_USE_OWN_FLAGFILE_FLAG_
+GTEST_DEFINE_string_(
+    flagfile,
+    internal::StringFromGTestEnv("flagfile", ""),
+    "This flag specifies the flagfile to read command-line flags from.");
+#endif  // GTEST_USE_OWN_FLAGFILE_FLAG_
+
 namespace internal {
 
 // Generates a random number from [0, range), using a Linear
 // Congruential Generator (LCG).  Crashes if 'range' is 0 or greater
 // than kMaxRange.
 UInt32 Random::Generate(UInt32 range) {
   // These constants are the same as are used in glibc's rand(3).
   state_ = (1103515245U*state_ + 12345U) % kMaxRange;
@@ -295,23 +322,17 @@ UInt32 Random::Generate(UInt32 range) {
   // it's simple, and a linear congruential generator isn't too good
   // to begin with.
   return state_ % range;
 }
 
 // GTestIsInitialized() returns true iff the user has initialized
 // Google Test.  Useful for catching the user mistake of not initializing
 // Google Test before calling RUN_ALL_TESTS().
-//
-// A user must call testing::InitGoogleTest() to initialize Google
-// Test.  g_init_gtest_count is set to the number of times
-// InitGoogleTest() has been called.  We don't protect this variable
-// under a mutex as it is only accessed in the main thread.
-int g_init_gtest_count = 0;
-static bool GTestIsInitialized() { return g_init_gtest_count != 0; }
+static bool GTestIsInitialized() { return GetArgvs().size() > 0; }
 
 // Iterates over a vector of TestCases, keeping a running sum of the
 // results of calling a given int-returning method on each.
 // Returns the sum.
 static int SumOverTestCaseList(const std::vector<TestCase*>& case_list,
                                int (TestCase::*method)() const) {
   int sum = 0;
   for (size_t i = 0; i < case_list.size(); i++) {
@@ -355,79 +376,87 @@ void AssertHelper::operator=(const Messa
                       AppendUserMessage(data_->message, message),
                       UnitTest::GetInstance()->impl()
                       ->CurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop(1)
                       // Skips the stack frame for this function itself.
                       );  // NOLINT
 }
 
 // Mutex for linked pointers.
-GTEST_DEFINE_STATIC_MUTEX_(g_linked_ptr_mutex);
-
-// Application pathname gotten in InitGoogleTest.
-String g_executable_path;
+GTEST_API_ GTEST_DEFINE_STATIC_MUTEX_(g_linked_ptr_mutex);
+
+// A copy of all command line arguments.  Set by InitGoogleTest().
+::std::vector<testing::internal::string> g_argvs;
+
+const ::std::vector<testing::internal::string>& GetArgvs() {
+#if defined(GTEST_CUSTOM_GET_ARGVS_)
+  return GTEST_CUSTOM_GET_ARGVS_();
+#else  // defined(GTEST_CUSTOM_GET_ARGVS_)
+  return g_argvs;
+#endif  // defined(GTEST_CUSTOM_GET_ARGVS_)
+}
 
 // Returns the current application's name, removing directory path if that
 // is present.
 FilePath GetCurrentExecutableName() {
   FilePath result;
 
 #if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
-  result.Set(FilePath(g_executable_path).RemoveExtension("exe"));
+  result.Set(FilePath(GetArgvs()[0]).RemoveExtension("exe"));
 #else
-  result.Set(FilePath(g_executable_path));
+  result.Set(FilePath(GetArgvs()[0]));
 #endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 
   return result.RemoveDirectoryName();
 }
 
 // Functions for processing the gtest_output flag.
 
 // Returns the output format, or "" for normal printed output.
-String UnitTestOptions::GetOutputFormat() {
+std::string UnitTestOptions::GetOutputFormat() {
   const char* const gtest_output_flag = GTEST_FLAG(output).c_str();
-  if (gtest_output_flag == NULL) return String("");
+  if (gtest_output_flag == NULL) return std::string("");
 
   const char* const colon = strchr(gtest_output_flag, ':');
   return (colon == NULL) ?
-      String(gtest_output_flag) :
-      String(gtest_output_flag, colon - gtest_output_flag);
+      std::string(gtest_output_flag) :
+      std::string(gtest_output_flag, colon - gtest_output_flag);
 }
 
 // Returns the name of the requested output file, or the default if none
 // was explicitly specified.
-String UnitTestOptions::GetAbsolutePathToOutputFile() {
+std::string UnitTestOptions::GetAbsolutePathToOutputFile() {
   const char* const gtest_output_flag = GTEST_FLAG(output).c_str();
   if (gtest_output_flag == NULL)
-    return String("");
+    return "";
 
   const char* const colon = strchr(gtest_output_flag, ':');
   if (colon == NULL)
-    return String(internal::FilePath::ConcatPaths(
-               internal::FilePath(
-                   UnitTest::GetInstance()->original_working_dir()),
-               internal::FilePath(kDefaultOutputFile)).ToString() );
+    return internal::FilePath::ConcatPaths(
+        internal::FilePath(
+            UnitTest::GetInstance()->original_working_dir()),
+        internal::FilePath(kDefaultOutputFile)).string();
 
   internal::FilePath output_name(colon + 1);
   if (!output_name.IsAbsolutePath())
     // TODO(wan@google.com): on Windows \some\path is not an absolute
     // path (as its meaning depends on the current drive), yet the
     // following logic for turning it into an absolute path is wrong.
     // Fix it.
     output_name = internal::FilePath::ConcatPaths(
         internal::FilePath(UnitTest::GetInstance()->original_working_dir()),
         internal::FilePath(colon + 1));
 
   if (!output_name.IsDirectory())
-    return output_name.ToString();
+    return output_name.string();
 
   internal::FilePath result(internal::FilePath::GenerateUniqueFileName(
       output_name, internal::GetCurrentExecutableName(),
       GetOutputFormat().c_str()));
-  return result.ToString();
+  return result.string();
 }
 
 // Returns true iff the wildcard pattern matches the string.  The
 // first ':' or '\0' character in pattern marks the end of it.
 //
 // This recursive algorithm isn't very efficient, but is clear and
 // works well enough for matching test names, which are short.
 bool UnitTestOptions::PatternMatchesString(const char *pattern,
@@ -442,17 +471,18 @@ bool UnitTestOptions::PatternMatchesStri
       return (*str != '\0' && PatternMatchesString(pattern, str + 1)) ||
           PatternMatchesString(pattern + 1, str);
     default:  // Non-special character.  Matches itself.
       return *pattern == *str &&
           PatternMatchesString(pattern + 1, str + 1);
   }
 }
 
-bool UnitTestOptions::MatchesFilter(const String& name, const char* filter) {
+bool UnitTestOptions::MatchesFilter(
+    const std::string& name, const char* filter) {
   const char *cur_pattern = filter;
   for (;;) {
     if (PatternMatchesString(cur_pattern, name.c_str())) {
       return true;
     }
 
     // Finds the next pattern in the filter.
     cur_pattern = strchr(cur_pattern, ':');
@@ -462,38 +492,34 @@ bool UnitTestOptions::MatchesFilter(cons
       return false;
     }
 
     // Skips the pattern separater (the ':' character).
     cur_pattern++;
   }
 }
 
-// TODO(keithray): move String function implementations to gtest-string.cc.
-
 // Returns true iff the user-specified filter matches the test case
 // name and the test name.
-bool UnitTestOptions::FilterMatchesTest(const String &test_case_name,
-                                        const String &test_name) {
-  const String& full_name = String::Format("%s.%s",
-                                           test_case_name.c_str(),
-                                           test_name.c_str());
+bool UnitTestOptions::FilterMatchesTest(const std::string &test_case_name,
+                                        const std::string &test_name) {
+  const std::string& full_name = test_case_name + "." + test_name.c_str();
 
   // Split --gtest_filter at '-', if there is one, to separate into
   // positive filter and negative filter portions
   const char* const p = GTEST_FLAG(filter).c_str();
   const char* const dash = strchr(p, '-');
-  String positive;
-  String negative;
+  std::string positive;
+  std::string negative;
   if (dash == NULL) {
     positive = GTEST_FLAG(filter).c_str();  // Whole string is a positive filter
-    negative = String("");
+    negative = "";
   } else {
-    positive = String(p, dash - p);  // Everything up to the dash
-    negative = String(dash+1);       // Everything after the dash
+    positive = std::string(p, dash);   // Everything up to the dash
+    negative = std::string(dash + 1);  // Everything after the dash
     if (positive.empty()) {
       // Treat '-test1' as the same as '*-test1'
       positive = kUniversalFilter;
     }
   }
 
   // A filter is a colon-separated list of patterns.  It matches a
   // test if any pattern in it matches the test.
@@ -603,17 +629,17 @@ extern const TypeId kTestTypeIdInGoogleT
 // failure of the given type and that the failure message contains the
 // given substring.
 AssertionResult HasOneFailure(const char* /* results_expr */,
                               const char* /* type_expr */,
                               const char* /* substr_expr */,
                               const TestPartResultArray& results,
                               TestPartResult::Type type,
                               const string& substr) {
-  const String expected(type == TestPartResult::kFatalFailure ?
+  const std::string expected(type == TestPartResult::kFatalFailure ?
                         "1 fatal failure" :
                         "1 non-fatal failure");
   Message msg;
   if (results.size() != 1) {
     msg << "Expected: " << expected << "\n"
         << "  Actual: " << results.size() << " failures";
     for (int i = 0; i < results.size(); i++) {
       msg << "\n" << results.GetTestPartResult(i);
@@ -726,44 +752,59 @@ int UnitTestImpl::successful_test_count(
   return SumOverTestCaseList(test_cases_, &TestCase::successful_test_count);
 }
 
 // Gets the number of failed tests.
 int UnitTestImpl::failed_test_count() const {
   return SumOverTestCaseList(test_cases_, &TestCase::failed_test_count);
 }
 
+// Gets the number of disabled tests that will be reported in the XML report.
+int UnitTestImpl::reportable_disabled_test_count() const {
+  return SumOverTestCaseList(test_cases_,
+                             &TestCase::reportable_disabled_test_count);
+}
+
 // Gets the number of disabled tests.
 int UnitTestImpl::disabled_test_count() const {
   return SumOverTestCaseList(test_cases_, &TestCase::disabled_test_count);
 }
 
+// Gets the number of tests to be printed in the XML report.
+int UnitTestImpl::reportable_test_count() const {
+  return SumOverTestCaseList(test_cases_, &TestCase::reportable_test_count);
+}
+
 // Gets the number of all tests.
 int UnitTestImpl::total_test_count() const {
   return SumOverTestCaseList(test_cases_, &TestCase::total_test_count);
 }
 
 // Gets the number of tests that should run.
 int UnitTestImpl::test_to_run_count() const {
   return SumOverTestCaseList(test_cases_, &TestCase::test_to_run_count);
 }
 
-// Returns the current OS stack trace as a String.
+// Returns the current OS stack trace as an std::string.
 //
 // The maximum number of stack frames to be included is specified by
 // the gtest_stack_trace_depth flag.  The skip_count parameter
 // specifies the number of top frames to be skipped, which doesn't
 // count against the number of frames to be included.
 //
 // For example, if Foo() calls Bar(), which in turn calls
 // CurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop(1), Foo() will be included in the
 // trace but Bar() and CurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop() won't.
-String UnitTestImpl::CurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop(int skip_count) {
-  (void)skip_count;
-  return String("");
+std::string UnitTestImpl::CurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop(int skip_count) {
+  return os_stack_trace_getter()->CurrentStackTrace(
+      static_cast<int>(GTEST_FLAG(stack_trace_depth)),
+      skip_count + 1
+      // Skips the user-specified number of frames plus this function
+      // itself.
+      );  // NOLINT
 }
 
 // Returns the current time in milliseconds.
 TimeInMillis GetTimeInMillis() {
 #if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE || defined(__BORLANDC__)
   // Difference between 1970-01-01 and 1601-01-01 in milliseconds.
   // http://analogous.blogspot.com/2005/04/epoch.html
   const TimeInMillis kJavaEpochToWinFileTimeDelta =
@@ -782,79 +823,37 @@ TimeInMillis GetTimeInMillis() {
     now_int64.QuadPart = (now_int64.QuadPart / kTenthMicrosInMilliSecond) -
       kJavaEpochToWinFileTimeDelta;
     return now_int64.QuadPart;
   }
   return 0;
 #elif GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !GTEST_HAS_GETTIMEOFDAY_
   __timeb64 now;
 
-# ifdef _MSC_VER
-
   // MSVC 8 deprecates _ftime64(), so we want to suppress warning 4996
   // (deprecated function) there.
   // TODO(kenton@google.com): Use GetTickCount()?  Or use
   //   SystemTimeToFileTime()
-#  pragma warning(push)          // Saves the current warning state.
-#  pragma warning(disable:4996)  // Temporarily disables warning 4996.
+  GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(4996)
   _ftime64(&now);
-#  pragma warning(pop)           // Restores the warning state.
-# else
-
-  _ftime64(&now);
-
-# endif  // _MSC_VER
+  GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_()
 
   return static_cast<TimeInMillis>(now.time) * 1000 + now.millitm;
 #elif GTEST_HAS_GETTIMEOFDAY_
   struct timeval now;
   gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
   return static_cast<TimeInMillis>(now.tv_sec) * 1000 + now.tv_usec / 1000;
 #else
 # error "Don't know how to get the current time on your system."
 #endif
 }
 
 // Utilities
 
-// class String
-
-// Returns the input enclosed in double quotes if it's not NULL;
-// otherwise returns "(null)".  For example, "\"Hello\"" is returned
-// for input "Hello".
-//
-// This is useful for printing a C string in the syntax of a literal.
-//
-// Known issue: escape sequences are not handled yet.
-String String::ShowCStringQuoted(const char* c_str) {
-  return c_str ? String::Format("\"%s\"", c_str) : String("(null)");
-}
-
-// Copies at most length characters from str into a newly-allocated
-// piece of memory of size length+1.  The memory is allocated with new[].
-// A terminating null byte is written to the memory, and a pointer to it
-// is returned.  If str is NULL, NULL is returned.
-static char* CloneString(const char* str, size_t length) {
-  if (str == NULL) {
-    return NULL;
-  } else {
-    char* const clone = new char[length + 1];
-    posix::StrNCpy(clone, str, length);
-    clone[length] = '\0';
-    return clone;
-  }
-}
-
-// Clones a 0-terminated C string, allocating memory using new.  The
-// caller is responsible for deleting[] the return value.  Returns the
-// cloned string, or NULL if the input is NULL.
-const char * String::CloneCString(const char* c_str) {
-  return (c_str == NULL) ?
-                    NULL : CloneString(c_str, strlen(c_str));
-}
+// class String.
 
 #if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
 // Creates a UTF-16 wide string from the given ANSI string, allocating
 // memory using new. The caller is responsible for deleting the return
 // value using delete[]. Returns the wide string, or NULL if the
 // input is NULL.
 LPCWSTR String::AnsiToUtf16(const char* ansi) {
   if (!ansi) return NULL;
@@ -901,37 +900,69 @@ bool String::CStringEquals(const char * 
 }
 
 #if GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING || GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING
 
 // Converts an array of wide chars to a narrow string using the UTF-8
 // encoding, and streams the result to the given Message object.
 static void StreamWideCharsToMessage(const wchar_t* wstr, size_t length,
                                      Message* msg) {
-  // TODO(wan): consider allowing a testing::String object to
-  // contain '\0'.  This will make it behave more like std::string,
-  // and will allow ToUtf8String() to return the correct encoding
-  // for '\0' s.t. we can get rid of the conditional here (and in
-  // several other places).
   for (size_t i = 0; i != length; ) {  // NOLINT
     if (wstr[i] != L'\0') {
       *msg << WideStringToUtf8(wstr + i, static_cast<int>(length - i));
       while (i != length && wstr[i] != L'\0')
         i++;
     } else {
       *msg << '\0';
       i++;
     }
   }
 }
 
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING || GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING
 
+void SplitString(const ::std::string& str, char delimiter,
+                 ::std::vector< ::std::string>* dest) {
+  ::std::vector< ::std::string> parsed;
+  ::std::string::size_type pos = 0;
+  while (::testing::internal::AlwaysTrue()) {
+    const ::std::string::size_type colon = str.find(delimiter, pos);
+    if (colon == ::std::string::npos) {
+      parsed.push_back(str.substr(pos));
+      break;
+    } else {
+      parsed.push_back(str.substr(pos, colon - pos));
+      pos = colon + 1;
+    }
+  }
+  dest->swap(parsed);
+}
+
 }  // namespace internal
 
+// Constructs an empty Message.
+// We allocate the stringstream separately because otherwise each use of
+// ASSERT/EXPECT in a procedure adds over 200 bytes to the procedure's
+// stack frame leading to huge stack frames in some cases; gcc does not reuse
+// the stack space.
+Message::Message() : ss_(new ::std::stringstream) {
+  // By default, we want there to be enough precision when printing
+  // a double to a Message.
+  *ss_ << std::setprecision(std::numeric_limits<double>::digits10 + 2);
+}
+
+// These two overloads allow streaming a wide C string to a Message
+// using the UTF-8 encoding.
+Message& Message::operator <<(const wchar_t* wide_c_str) {
+  return *this << internal::String::ShowWideCString(wide_c_str);
+}
+Message& Message::operator <<(wchar_t* wide_c_str) {
+  return *this << internal::String::ShowWideCString(wide_c_str);
+}
+
 #if GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
 // Converts the given wide string to a narrow string using the UTF-8
 // encoding, and streams the result to this Message object.
 Message& Message::operator <<(const ::std::wstring& wstr) {
   internal::StreamWideCharsToMessage(wstr.c_str(), wstr.length(), this);
   return *this;
 }
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
@@ -940,25 +971,38 @@ Message& Message::operator <<(const ::st
 // Converts the given wide string to a narrow string using the UTF-8
 // encoding, and streams the result to this Message object.
 Message& Message::operator <<(const ::wstring& wstr) {
   internal::StreamWideCharsToMessage(wstr.c_str(), wstr.length(), this);
   return *this;
 }
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING
 
+// Gets the text streamed to this object so far as an std::string.
+// Each '\0' character in the buffer is replaced with "\\0".
+std::string Message::GetString() const {
+  return internal::StringStreamToString(ss_.get());
+}
+
 // AssertionResult constructors.
 // Used in EXPECT_TRUE/FALSE(assertion_result).
 AssertionResult::AssertionResult(const AssertionResult& other)
     : success_(other.success_),
       message_(other.message_.get() != NULL ?
                new ::std::string(*other.message_) :
                static_cast< ::std::string*>(NULL)) {
 }
 
+// Swaps two AssertionResults.
+void AssertionResult::swap(AssertionResult& other) {
+  using std::swap;
+  swap(success_, other.success_);
+  swap(message_, other.message_);
+}
+
 // Returns the assertion's negation. Used with EXPECT/ASSERT_FALSE.
 AssertionResult AssertionResult::operator!() const {
   AssertionResult negation(!success_);
   if (message_.get() != NULL)
     negation << *message_;
   return negation;
 }
 
@@ -975,58 +1019,340 @@ AssertionResult AssertionFailure() {
 // Makes a failed assertion result with the given failure message.
 // Deprecated; use AssertionFailure() << message.
 AssertionResult AssertionFailure(const Message& message) {
   return AssertionFailure() << message;
 }
 
 namespace internal {
 
+namespace edit_distance {
+std::vector<EditType> CalculateOptimalEdits(const std::vector<size_t>& left,
+                                            const std::vector<size_t>& right) {
+  std::vector<std::vector<double> > costs(
+      left.size() + 1, std::vector<double>(right.size() + 1));
+  std::vector<std::vector<EditType> > best_move(
+      left.size() + 1, std::vector<EditType>(right.size() + 1));
+
+  // Populate for empty right.
+  for (size_t l_i = 0; l_i < costs.size(); ++l_i) {
+    costs[l_i][0] = static_cast<double>(l_i);
+    best_move[l_i][0] = kRemove;
+  }
+  // Populate for empty left.
+  for (size_t r_i = 1; r_i < costs[0].size(); ++r_i) {
+    costs[0][r_i] = static_cast<double>(r_i);
+    best_move[0][r_i] = kAdd;
+  }
+
+  for (size_t l_i = 0; l_i < left.size(); ++l_i) {
+    for (size_t r_i = 0; r_i < right.size(); ++r_i) {
+      if (left[l_i] == right[r_i]) {
+        // Found a match. Consume it.
+        costs[l_i + 1][r_i + 1] = costs[l_i][r_i];
+        best_move[l_i + 1][r_i + 1] = kMatch;
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      const double add = costs[l_i + 1][r_i];
+      const double remove = costs[l_i][r_i + 1];
+      const double replace = costs[l_i][r_i];
+      if (add < remove && add < replace) {
+        costs[l_i + 1][r_i + 1] = add + 1;
+        best_move[l_i + 1][r_i + 1] = kAdd;
+      } else if (remove < add && remove < replace) {
+        costs[l_i + 1][r_i + 1] = remove + 1;
+        best_move[l_i + 1][r_i + 1] = kRemove;
+      } else {
+        // We make replace a little more expensive than add/remove to lower
+        // their priority.
+        costs[l_i + 1][r_i + 1] = replace + 1.00001;
+        best_move[l_i + 1][r_i + 1] = kReplace;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Reconstruct the best path. We do it in reverse order.
+  std::vector<EditType> best_path;
+  for (size_t l_i = left.size(), r_i = right.size(); l_i > 0 || r_i > 0;) {
+    EditType move = best_move[l_i][r_i];
+    best_path.push_back(move);
+    l_i -= move != kAdd;
+    r_i -= move != kRemove;
+  }
+  std::reverse(best_path.begin(), best_path.end());
+  return best_path;
+}
+
+namespace {
+
+// Helper class to convert string into ids with deduplication.
+class InternalStrings {
+ public:
+  size_t GetId(const std::string& str) {
+    IdMap::iterator it = ids_.find(str);
+    if (it != ids_.end()) return it->second;
+    size_t id = ids_.size();
+    return ids_[str] = id;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  typedef std::map<std::string, size_t> IdMap;
+  IdMap ids_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace
+
+std::vector<EditType> CalculateOptimalEdits(
+    const std::vector<std::string>& left,
+    const std::vector<std::string>& right) {
+  std::vector<size_t> left_ids, right_ids;
+  {
+    InternalStrings intern_table;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < left.size(); ++i) {
+      left_ids.push_back(intern_table.GetId(left[i]));
+    }
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < right.size(); ++i) {
+      right_ids.push_back(intern_table.GetId(right[i]));
+    }
+  }
+  return CalculateOptimalEdits(left_ids, right_ids);
+}
+
+namespace {
+
+// Helper class that holds the state for one hunk and prints it out to the
+// stream.
+// It reorders adds/removes when possible to group all removes before all
+// adds. It also adds the hunk header before printint into the stream.
+class Hunk {
+ public:
+  Hunk(size_t left_start, size_t right_start)
+      : left_start_(left_start),
+        right_start_(right_start),
+        adds_(),
+        removes_(),
+        common_() {}
+
+  void PushLine(char edit, const char* line) {
+    switch (edit) {
+      case ' ':
+        ++common_;
+        FlushEdits();
+        hunk_.push_back(std::make_pair(' ', line));
+        break;
+      case '-':
+        ++removes_;
+        hunk_removes_.push_back(std::make_pair('-', line));
+        break;
+      case '+':
+        ++adds_;
+        hunk_adds_.push_back(std::make_pair('+', line));
+        break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  void PrintTo(std::ostream* os) {
+    PrintHeader(os);
+    FlushEdits();
+    for (std::list<std::pair<char, const char*> >::const_iterator it =
+             hunk_.begin();
+         it != hunk_.end(); ++it) {
+      *os << it->first << it->second << "\n";
+    }
+  }
+
+  bool has_edits() const { return adds_ || removes_; }
+
+ private:
+  void FlushEdits() {
+    hunk_.splice(hunk_.end(), hunk_removes_);
+    hunk_.splice(hunk_.end(), hunk_adds_);
+  }
+
+  // Print a unified diff header for one hunk.
+  // The format is
+  //   "@@ -<left_start>,<left_length> +<right_start>,<right_length> @@"
+  // where the left/right parts are ommitted if unnecessary.
+  void PrintHeader(std::ostream* ss) const {
+    *ss << "@@ ";
+    if (removes_) {
+      *ss << "-" << left_start_ << "," << (removes_ + common_);
+    }
+    if (removes_ && adds_) {
+      *ss << " ";
+    }
+    if (adds_) {
+      *ss << "+" << right_start_ << "," << (adds_ + common_);
+    }
+    *ss << " @@\n";
+  }
+
+  size_t left_start_, right_start_;
+  size_t adds_, removes_, common_;
+  std::list<std::pair<char, const char*> > hunk_, hunk_adds_, hunk_removes_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace
+
+// Create a list of diff hunks in Unified diff format.
+// Each hunk has a header generated by PrintHeader above plus a body with
+// lines prefixed with ' ' for no change, '-' for deletion and '+' for
+// addition.
+// 'context' represents the desired unchanged prefix/suffix around the diff.
+// If two hunks are close enough that their contexts overlap, then they are
+// joined into one hunk.
+std::string CreateUnifiedDiff(const std::vector<std::string>& left,
+                              const std::vector<std::string>& right,
+                              size_t context) {
+  const std::vector<EditType> edits = CalculateOptimalEdits(left, right);
+
+  size_t l_i = 0, r_i = 0, edit_i = 0;
+  std::stringstream ss;
+  while (edit_i < edits.size()) {
+    // Find first edit.
+    while (edit_i < edits.size() && edits[edit_i] == kMatch) {
+      ++l_i;
+      ++r_i;
+      ++edit_i;
+    }
+
+    // Find the first line to include in the hunk.
+    const size_t prefix_context = std::min(l_i, context);
+    Hunk hunk(l_i - prefix_context + 1, r_i - prefix_context + 1);
+    for (size_t i = prefix_context; i > 0; --i) {
+      hunk.PushLine(' ', left[l_i - i].c_str());
+    }
+
+    // Iterate the edits until we found enough suffix for the hunk or the input
+    // is over.
+    size_t n_suffix = 0;
+    for (; edit_i < edits.size(); ++edit_i) {
+      if (n_suffix >= context) {
+        // Continue only if the next hunk is very close.
+        std::vector<EditType>::const_iterator it = edits.begin() + edit_i;
+        while (it != edits.end() && *it == kMatch) ++it;
+        if (it == edits.end() || (it - edits.begin()) - edit_i >= context) {
+          // There is no next edit or it is too far away.
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+
+      EditType edit = edits[edit_i];
+      // Reset count when a non match is found.
+      n_suffix = edit == kMatch ? n_suffix + 1 : 0;
+
+      if (edit == kMatch || edit == kRemove || edit == kReplace) {
+        hunk.PushLine(edit == kMatch ? ' ' : '-', left[l_i].c_str());
+      }
+      if (edit == kAdd || edit == kReplace) {
+        hunk.PushLine('+', right[r_i].c_str());
+      }
+
+      // Advance indices, depending on edit type.
+      l_i += edit != kAdd;
+      r_i += edit != kRemove;
+    }
+
+    if (!hunk.has_edits()) {
+      // We are done. We don't want this hunk.
+      break;
+    }
+
+    hunk.PrintTo(&ss);
+  }
+  return ss.str();
+}
+
+}  // namespace edit_distance
+
+namespace {
+
+// The string representation of the values received in EqFailure() are already
+// escaped. Split them on escaped '\n' boundaries. Leave all other escaped
+// characters the same.
+std::vector<std::string> SplitEscapedString(const std::string& str) {
+  std::vector<std::string> lines;
+  size_t start = 0, end = str.size();
+  if (end > 2 && str[0] == '"' && str[end - 1] == '"') {
+    ++start;
+    --end;
+  }
+  bool escaped = false;
+  for (size_t i = start; i + 1 < end; ++i) {
+    if (escaped) {
+      escaped = false;
+      if (str[i] == 'n') {
+        lines.push_back(str.substr(start, i - start - 1));
+        start = i + 1;
+      }
+    } else {
+      escaped = str[i] == '\\';
+    }
+  }
+  lines.push_back(str.substr(start, end - start));
+  return lines;
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
 // Constructs and returns the message for an equality assertion
 // (e.g. ASSERT_EQ, EXPECT_STREQ, etc) failure.
 //
 // The first four parameters are the expressions used in the assertion
 // and their values, as strings.  For example, for ASSERT_EQ(foo, bar)
 // where foo is 5 and bar is 6, we have:
 //
-//   expected_expression: "foo"
-//   actual_expression:   "bar"
-//   expected_value:      "5"
-//   actual_value:        "6"
+//   lhs_expression: "foo"
+//   rhs_expression: "bar"
+//   lhs_value:      "5"
+//   rhs_value:      "6"
 //
 // The ignoring_case parameter is true iff the assertion is a
-// *_STRCASEEQ*.  When it's true, the string " (ignoring case)" will
+// *_STRCASEEQ*.  When it's true, the string "Ignoring case" will
 // be inserted into the message.
-AssertionResult EqFailure(const char* expected_expression,
-                          const char* actual_expression,
-                          const String& expected_value,
-                          const String& actual_value,
+AssertionResult EqFailure(const char* lhs_expression,
+                          const char* rhs_expression,
+                          const std::string& lhs_value,
+                          const std::string& rhs_value,
                           bool ignoring_case) {
   Message msg;
-  msg << "Value of: " << actual_expression;
-  if (actual_value != actual_expression) {
-    msg << "\n  Actual: " << actual_value;
+  msg << "      Expected: " << lhs_expression;
+  if (lhs_value != lhs_expression) {
+    msg << "\n      Which is: " << lhs_value;
+  }
+  msg << "\nTo be equal to: " << rhs_expression;
+  if (rhs_value != rhs_expression) {
+    msg << "\n      Which is: " << rhs_value;
   }
 
-  msg << "\nExpected: " << expected_expression;
   if (ignoring_case) {
-    msg << " (ignoring case)";
+    msg << "\nIgnoring case";
   }
-  if (expected_value != expected_expression) {
-    msg << "\nWhich is: " << expected_value;
+
+  if (!lhs_value.empty() && !rhs_value.empty()) {
+    const std::vector<std::string> lhs_lines =
+        SplitEscapedString(lhs_value);
+    const std::vector<std::string> rhs_lines =
+        SplitEscapedString(rhs_value);
+    if (lhs_lines.size() > 1 || rhs_lines.size() > 1) {
+      msg << "\nWith diff:\n"
+          << edit_distance::CreateUnifiedDiff(lhs_lines, rhs_lines);
+    }
   }
 
   return AssertionFailure() << msg;
 }
 
 // Constructs a failure message for Boolean assertions such as EXPECT_TRUE.
-String GetBoolAssertionFailureMessage(const AssertionResult& assertion_result,
-                                      const char* expression_text,
-                                      const char* actual_predicate_value,
-                                      const char* expected_predicate_value) {
+std::string GetBoolAssertionFailureMessage(
+    const AssertionResult& assertion_result,
+    const char* expression_text,
+    const char* actual_predicate_value,
+    const char* expected_predicate_value) {
   const char* actual_message = assertion_result.message();
   Message msg;
   msg << "Value of: " << expression_text
       << "\n  Actual: " << actual_predicate_value;
   if (actual_message[0] != '\0')
     msg << " (" << actual_message << ")";
   msg << "\nExpected: " << expected_predicate_value;
   return msg.GetString();
@@ -1103,28 +1429,28 @@ AssertionResult DoubleLE(const char* exp
                          double val1, double val2) {
   return internal::FloatingPointLE<double>(expr1, expr2, val1, val2);
 }
 
 namespace internal {
 
 // The helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_EQ with int or enum
 // arguments.
-AssertionResult CmpHelperEQ(const char* expected_expression,
-                            const char* actual_expression,
-                            BiggestInt expected,
-                            BiggestInt actual) {
-  if (expected == actual) {
+AssertionResult CmpHelperEQ(const char* lhs_expression,
+                            const char* rhs_expression,
+                            BiggestInt lhs,
+                            BiggestInt rhs) {
+  if (lhs == rhs) {
     return AssertionSuccess();
   }
 
-  return EqFailure(expected_expression,
-                   actual_expression,
-                   FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(expected, actual),
-                   FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(actual, expected),
+  return EqFailure(lhs_expression,
+                   rhs_expression,
+                   FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(lhs, rhs),
+                   FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(rhs, lhs),
                    false);
 }
 
 // A macro for implementing the helper functions needed to implement
 // ASSERT_?? and EXPECT_?? with integer or enum arguments.  It is here
 // just to avoid copy-and-paste of similar code.
 #define GTEST_IMPL_CMP_HELPER_(op_name, op)\
 AssertionResult CmpHelper##op_name(const char* expr1, const char* expr2, \
@@ -1153,44 +1479,44 @@ GTEST_IMPL_CMP_HELPER_(LT, < )
 GTEST_IMPL_CMP_HELPER_(GE, >=)
 // Implements the helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_GT with int or
 // enum arguments.
 GTEST_IMPL_CMP_HELPER_(GT, > )
 
 #undef GTEST_IMPL_CMP_HELPER_
 
 // The helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_STREQ.
-AssertionResult CmpHelperSTREQ(const char* expected_expression,
-                               const char* actual_expression,
-                               const char* expected,
-                               const char* actual) {
-  if (String::CStringEquals(expected, actual)) {
+AssertionResult CmpHelperSTREQ(const char* lhs_expression,
+                               const char* rhs_expression,
+                               const char* lhs,
+                               const char* rhs) {
+  if (String::CStringEquals(lhs, rhs)) {
     return AssertionSuccess();
   }
 
-  return EqFailure(expected_expression,
-                   actual_expression,
-                   String::ShowCStringQuoted(expected),
-                   String::ShowCStringQuoted(actual),
+  return EqFailure(lhs_expression,
+                   rhs_expression,
+                   PrintToString(lhs),
+                   PrintToString(rhs),
                    false);
 }
 
 // The helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_STRCASEEQ.
-AssertionResult CmpHelperSTRCASEEQ(const char* expected_expression,
-                                   const char* actual_expression,
-                                   const char* expected,
-                                   const char* actual) {
-  if (String::CaseInsensitiveCStringEquals(expected, actual)) {
+AssertionResult CmpHelperSTRCASEEQ(const char* lhs_expression,
+                                   const char* rhs_expression,
+                                   const char* lhs,
+                                   const char* rhs) {
+  if (String::CaseInsensitiveCStringEquals(lhs, rhs)) {
     return AssertionSuccess();
   }
 
-  return EqFailure(expected_expression,
-                   actual_expression,
-                   String::ShowCStringQuoted(expected),
-                   String::ShowCStringQuoted(actual),
+  return EqFailure(lhs_expression,
+                   rhs_expression,
+                   PrintToString(lhs),
+                   PrintToString(rhs),
                    true);
 }
 
 // The helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_STRNE.
 AssertionResult CmpHelperSTRNE(const char* s1_expression,
                                const char* s2_expression,
                                const char* s1,
                                const char* s2) {
@@ -1344,38 +1670,38 @@ AssertionResult HRESULTFailureHelper(con
 
 # else
 
   // Looks up the human-readable system message for the HRESULT code
   // and since we're not passing any params to FormatMessage, we don't
   // want inserts expanded.
   const DWORD kFlags = FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM |
                        FORMAT_MESSAGE_IGNORE_INSERTS;
-  const DWORD kBufSize = 4096;  // String::Format can't exceed this length.
+  const DWORD kBufSize = 4096;
   // Gets the system's human readable message string for this HRESULT.
   char error_text[kBufSize] = { '\0' };
   DWORD message_length = ::FormatMessageA(kFlags,
                                           0,  // no source, we're asking system
                                           hr,  // the error
                                           0,  // no line width restrictions
                                           error_text,  // output buffer
                                           kBufSize,  // buf size
                                           NULL);  // no arguments for inserts
-  // Trims tailing white space (FormatMessage leaves a trailing cr-lf)
+  // Trims tailing white space (FormatMessage leaves a trailing CR-LF)
   for (; message_length && IsSpace(error_text[message_length - 1]);
           --message_length) {
     error_text[message_length - 1] = '\0';
   }
 
 # endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
 
-  const String error_hex(String::Format("0x%08X ", hr));
+  const std::string error_hex("0x" + String::FormatHexInt(hr));
   return ::testing::AssertionFailure()
       << "Expected: " << expr << " " << expected << ".\n"
-      << "  Actual: " << error_hex << error_text << "\n";
+      << "  Actual: " << error_hex << " " << error_text << "\n";
 }
 
 }  // namespace
 
 AssertionResult IsHRESULTSuccess(const char* expr, long hr) {  // NOLINT
   if (SUCCEEDED(hr)) {
     return AssertionSuccess();
   }
@@ -1422,50 +1748,43 @@ inline UInt32 ChopLowBits(UInt32* bits, 
   const UInt32 low_bits = *bits & ((static_cast<UInt32>(1) << n) - 1);
   *bits >>= n;
   return low_bits;
 }
 
 // Converts a Unicode code point to a narrow string in UTF-8 encoding.
 // code_point parameter is of type UInt32 because wchar_t may not be
 // wide enough to contain a code point.
-// The output buffer str must containt at least 32 characters.
-// The function returns the address of the output buffer.
 // If the code_point is not a valid Unicode code point
-// (i.e. outside of Unicode range U+0 to U+10FFFF) it will be output
-// as '(Invalid Unicode 0xXXXXXXXX)'.
-char* CodePointToUtf8(UInt32 code_point, char* str) {
+// (i.e. outside of Unicode range U+0 to U+10FFFF) it will be converted
+// to "(Invalid Unicode 0xXXXXXXXX)".
+std::string CodePointToUtf8(UInt32 code_point) {
+  if (code_point > kMaxCodePoint4) {
+    return "(Invalid Unicode 0x" + String::FormatHexInt(code_point) + ")";
+  }
+
+  char str[5];  // Big enough for the largest valid code point.
   if (code_point <= kMaxCodePoint1) {
     str[1] = '\0';
     str[0] = static_cast<char>(code_point);                          // 0xxxxxxx
   } else if (code_point <= kMaxCodePoint2) {
     str[2] = '\0';
     str[1] = static_cast<char>(0x80 | ChopLowBits(&code_point, 6));  // 10xxxxxx
     str[0] = static_cast<char>(0xC0 | code_point);                   // 110xxxxx
   } else if (code_point <= kMaxCodePoint3) {
     str[3] = '\0';
     str[2] = static_cast<char>(0x80 | ChopLowBits(&code_point, 6));  // 10xxxxxx
     str[1] = static_cast<char>(0x80 | ChopLowBits(&code_point, 6));  // 10xxxxxx
     str[0] = static_cast<char>(0xE0 | code_point);                   // 1110xxxx
-  } else if (code_point <= kMaxCodePoint4) {
+  } else {  // code_point <= kMaxCodePoint4
     str[4] = '\0';
     str[3] = static_cast<char>(0x80 | ChopLowBits(&code_point, 6));  // 10xxxxxx
     str[2] = static_cast<char>(0x80 | ChopLowBits(&code_point, 6));  // 10xxxxxx
     str[1] = static_cast<char>(0x80 | ChopLowBits(&code_point, 6));  // 10xxxxxx
     str[0] = static_cast<char>(0xF0 | code_point);                   // 11110xxx
-  } else {
-    // The longest string String::Format can produce when invoked
-    // with these parameters is 28 character long (not including
-    // the terminating nul character). We are asking for 32 character
-    // buffer just in case. This is also enough for strncpy to
-    // null-terminate the destination string.
-    posix::StrNCpy(
-        str, String::Format("(Invalid Unicode 0x%X)", code_point).c_str(), 32);
-    str[31] = '\0';  // Makes sure no change in the format to strncpy leaves
-                     // the result unterminated.
   }
   return str;
 }
 
 // The following two functions only make sense if the the system
 // uses UTF-16 for wide string encoding. All supported systems
 // with 16 bit wchar_t (Windows, Cygwin, Symbian OS) do use UTF-16.
 
@@ -1496,17 +1815,17 @@ inline UInt32 CreateCodePointFromUtf16Su
 // Parameter num_chars may additionally limit the number
 // of wchar_t characters processed. -1 is used when the entire string
 // should be processed.
 // If the string contains code points that are not valid Unicode code points
 // (i.e. outside of Unicode range U+0 to U+10FFFF) they will be output
 // as '(Invalid Unicode 0xXXXXXXXX)'. If the string is in UTF16 encoding
 // and contains invalid UTF-16 surrogate pairs, values in those pairs
 // will be encoded as individual Unicode characters from Basic Normal Plane.
-String WideStringToUtf8(const wchar_t* str, int num_chars) {
+std::string WideStringToUtf8(const wchar_t* str, int num_chars) {
   if (num_chars == -1)
     num_chars = static_cast<int>(wcslen(str));
 
   ::std::stringstream stream;
   for (int i = 0; i < num_chars; ++i) {
     UInt32 unicode_code_point;
 
     if (str[i] == L'\0') {
@@ -1514,37 +1833,27 @@ String WideStringToUtf8(const wchar_t* s
     } else if (i + 1 < num_chars && IsUtf16SurrogatePair(str[i], str[i + 1])) {
       unicode_code_point = CreateCodePointFromUtf16SurrogatePair(str[i],
                                                                  str[i + 1]);
       i++;
     } else {
       unicode_code_point = static_cast<UInt32>(str[i]);
     }
 
-    char buffer[32];  // CodePointToUtf8 requires a buffer this big.
-    stream << CodePointToUtf8(unicode_code_point, buffer);
+    stream << CodePointToUtf8(unicode_code_point);
   }
   return StringStreamToString(&stream);
 }
 
-// Converts a wide C string to a String using the UTF-8 encoding.
+// Converts a wide C string to an std::string using the UTF-8 encoding.
 // NULL will be converted to "(null)".
-String String::ShowWideCString(const wchar_t * wide_c_str) {
-  if (wide_c_str == NULL) return String("(null)");
-
-  return String(internal::WideStringToUtf8(wide_c_str, -1).c_str());
-}
-
-// Similar to ShowWideCString(), except that this function encloses
-// the converted string in double quotes.
-String String::ShowWideCStringQuoted(const wchar_t* wide_c_str) {
-  if (wide_c_str == NULL) return String("(null)");
-
-  return String::Format("L\"%s\"",
-                        String::ShowWideCString(wide_c_str).c_str());
+std::string String::ShowWideCString(const wchar_t * wide_c_str) {
+  if (wide_c_str == NULL)  return "(null)";
+
+  return internal::WideStringToUtf8(wide_c_str, -1);
 }
 
 // Compares two wide C strings.  Returns true iff they have the same
 // content.
 //
 // Unlike wcscmp(), this function can handle NULL argument(s).  A NULL
 // C string is considered different to any non-NULL C string,
 // including the empty string.
@@ -1552,44 +1861,44 @@ bool String::WideCStringEquals(const wch
   if (lhs == NULL) return rhs == NULL;
 
   if (rhs == NULL) return false;
 
   return wcscmp(lhs, rhs) == 0;
 }
 
 // Helper function for *_STREQ on wide strings.
-AssertionResult CmpHelperSTREQ(const char* expected_expression,
-                               const char* actual_expression,
-                               const wchar_t* expected,
-                               const wchar_t* actual) {
-  if (String::WideCStringEquals(expected, actual)) {
+AssertionResult CmpHelperSTREQ(const char* lhs_expression,
+                               const char* rhs_expression,
+                               const wchar_t* lhs,
+                               const wchar_t* rhs) {
+  if (String::WideCStringEquals(lhs, rhs)) {
     return AssertionSuccess();
   }
 
-  return EqFailure(expected_expression,
-                   actual_expression,
-                   String::ShowWideCStringQuoted(expected),
-                   String::ShowWideCStringQuoted(actual),
+  return EqFailure(lhs_expression,
+                   rhs_expression,
+                   PrintToString(lhs),
+                   PrintToString(rhs),
                    false);
 }
 
 // Helper function for *_STRNE on wide strings.
 AssertionResult CmpHelperSTRNE(const char* s1_expression,
                                const char* s2_expression,
                                const wchar_t* s1,
                                const wchar_t* s2) {
   if (!String::WideCStringEquals(s1, s2)) {
     return AssertionSuccess();
   }
 
   return AssertionFailure() << "Expected: (" << s1_expression << ") != ("
                             << s2_expression << "), actual: "
-                            << String::ShowWideCStringQuoted(s1)
-                            << " vs " << String::ShowWideCStringQuoted(s2);
+                            << PrintToString(s1)
+                            << " vs " << PrintToString(s2);
 }
 
 // Compares two C strings, ignoring case.  Returns true iff they have
 // the same content.
 //
 // Unlike strcasecmp(), this function can handle NULL argument(s).  A
 // NULL C string is considered different to any non-NULL C string,
 // including the empty string.
@@ -1630,145 +1939,79 @@ bool String::CaseInsensitiveWideCStringE
   do {
     left = towlower(*lhs++);
     right = towlower(*rhs++);
   } while (left && left == right);
   return left == right;
 #endif  // OS selector
 }
 
-// Compares this with another String.
-// Returns < 0 if this is less than rhs, 0 if this is equal to rhs, or > 0
-// if this is greater than rhs.
-int String::Compare(const String & rhs) const {
-  const char* const lhs_c_str = c_str();
-  const char* const rhs_c_str = rhs.c_str();
-
-  if (lhs_c_str == NULL) {
-    return rhs_c_str == NULL ? 0 : -1;  // NULL < anything except NULL
-  } else if (rhs_c_str == NULL) {
-    return 1;
-  }
-
-  const size_t shorter_str_len =
-      length() <= rhs.length() ? length() : rhs.length();
-  for (size_t i = 0; i != shorter_str_len; i++) {
-    if (lhs_c_str[i] < rhs_c_str[i]) {
-      return -1;
-    } else if (lhs_c_str[i] > rhs_c_str[i]) {
-      return 1;
-    }
-  }
-  return (length() < rhs.length()) ? -1 :
-      (length() > rhs.length()) ? 1 : 0;
-}
-
-// Returns true iff this String ends with the given suffix.  *Any*
-// String is considered to end with a NULL or empty suffix.
-bool String::EndsWith(const char* suffix) const {
-  if (suffix == NULL || CStringEquals(suffix, "")) return true;
-
-  if (c_str() == NULL) return false;
-
-  const size_t this_len = strlen(c_str());
-  const size_t suffix_len = strlen(suffix);
-  return (this_len >= suffix_len) &&
-         CStringEquals(c_str() + this_len - suffix_len, suffix);
-}
-
-// Returns true iff this String ends with the given suffix, ignoring case.
-// Any String is considered to end with a NULL or empty suffix.
-bool String::EndsWithCaseInsensitive(const char* suffix) const {
-  if (suffix == NULL || CStringEquals(suffix, "")) return true;
-
-  if (c_str() == NULL) return false;
-
-  const size_t this_len = strlen(c_str());
-  const size_t suffix_len = strlen(suffix);
-  return (this_len >= suffix_len) &&
-         CaseInsensitiveCStringEquals(c_str() + this_len - suffix_len, suffix);
-}
-
-// Formats a list of arguments to a String, using the same format
-// spec string as for printf.
-//
-// We do not use the StringPrintf class as it is not universally
-// available.
-//
-// The result is limited to 4096 characters (including the tailing 0).
-// If 4096 characters are not enough to format the input, or if
-// there's an error, "<formatting error or buffer exceeded>" is
-// returned.
-String String::Format(const char * format, ...) {
-  va_list args;
-  va_start(args, format);
-
-  char buffer[4096];
-  const int kBufferSize = sizeof(buffer)/sizeof(buffer[0]);
-
-  // MSVC 8 deprecates vsnprintf(), so we want to suppress warning
-  // 4996 (deprecated function) there.
-#ifdef _MSC_VER  // We are using MSVC.
-# pragma warning(push)          // Saves the current warning state.
-# pragma warning(disable:4996)  // Temporarily disables warning 4996.
-
-  const int size = vsnprintf(buffer, kBufferSize, format, args);
-
-# pragma warning(pop)           // Restores the warning state.
-#else  // We are not using MSVC.
-  const int size = vsnprintf(buffer, kBufferSize, format, args);
-#endif  // _MSC_VER
-  va_end(args);
-
-  // vsnprintf()'s behavior is not portable.  When the buffer is not
-  // big enough, it returns a negative value in MSVC, and returns the
-  // needed buffer size on Linux.  When there is an output error, it
-  // always returns a negative value.  For simplicity, we lump the two
-  // error cases together.
-  if (size < 0 || size >= kBufferSize) {
-    return String("<formatting error or buffer exceeded>");
-  } else {
-    return String(buffer, size);
-  }
-}
-
-// Converts the buffer in a stringstream to a String, converting NUL
+// Returns true iff str ends with the given suffix, ignoring case.
+// Any string is considered to end with an empty suffix.
+bool String::EndsWithCaseInsensitive(
+    const std::string& str, const std::string& suffix) {
+  const size_t str_len = str.length();
+  const size_t suffix_len = suffix.length();
+  return (str_len >= suffix_len) &&
+         CaseInsensitiveCStringEquals(str.c_str() + str_len - suffix_len,
+                                      suffix.c_str());
+}
+
+// Formats an int value as "%02d".
+std::string String::FormatIntWidth2(int value) {
+  std::stringstream ss;
+  ss << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(2) << value;
+  return ss.str();
+}
+
+// Formats an int value as "%X".
+std::string String::FormatHexInt(int value) {
+  std::stringstream ss;
+  ss << std::hex << std::uppercase << value;
+  return ss.str();
+}
+
+// Formats a byte as "%02X".
+std::string String::FormatByte(unsigned char value) {
+  std::stringstream ss;
+  ss << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(2) << std::hex << std::uppercase
+     << static_cast<unsigned int>(value);
+  return ss.str();
+}
+
+// Converts the buffer in a stringstream to an std::string, converting NUL
 // bytes to "\\0" along the way.
-String StringStreamToString(::std::stringstream* ss) {
+std::string StringStreamToString(::std::stringstream* ss) {
   const ::std::string& str = ss->str();
   const char* const start = str.c_str();
   const char* const end = start + str.length();
 
-  // We need to use a helper stringstream to do this transformation
-  // because String doesn't support push_back().
-  ::std::stringstream helper;
+  std::string result;
+  result.reserve(2 * (end - start));
   for (const char* ch = start; ch != end; ++ch) {
     if (*ch == '\0') {
-      helper << "\\0";  // Replaces NUL with "\\0";
+      result += "\\0";  // Replaces NUL with "\\0";
     } else {
-      helper.put(*ch);
+      result += *ch;
     }
   }
 
-  return String(helper.str().c_str());
+  return result;
 }
 
 // Appends the user-supplied message to the Google-Test-generated message.
-String AppendUserMessage(const String& gtest_msg,
-                         const Message& user_msg) {
+std::string AppendUserMessage(const std::string& gtest_msg,
+                              const Message& user_msg) {
   // Appends the user message if it's non-empty.
-  const String user_msg_string = user_msg.GetString();
+  const std::string user_msg_string = user_msg.GetString();
   if (user_msg_string.empty()) {
     return gtest_msg;
   }
 
-  Message msg;
-  msg << gtest_msg << "\n" << user_msg_string;
-
-  return msg.GetString();
+  return gtest_msg + "\n" + user_msg_string;
 }
 
 }  // namespace internal
 
 // class TestResult
 
 // Creates an empty TestResult.
 TestResult::TestResult()
@@ -1806,46 +2049,120 @@ void TestResult::ClearTestPartResults() 
 // Adds a test part result to the list.
 void TestResult::AddTestPartResult(const TestPartResult& test_part_result) {
   test_part_results_.push_back(test_part_result);
 }
 
 // Adds a test property to the list. If a property with the same key as the
 // supplied property is already represented, the value of this test_property
 // replaces the old value for that key.
-void TestResult::RecordProperty(const TestProperty& test_property) {
-  if (!ValidateTestProperty(test_property)) {
+void TestResult::RecordProperty(const std::string& xml_element,
+                                const TestProperty& test_property) {
+  if (!ValidateTestProperty(xml_element, test_property)) {
     return;
   }
   internal::MutexLock lock(&test_properites_mutex_);
   const std::vector<TestProperty>::iterator property_with_matching_key =
       std::find_if(test_properties_.begin(), test_properties_.end(),
                    internal::TestPropertyKeyIs(test_property.key()));
   if (property_with_matching_key == test_properties_.end()) {
     test_properties_.push_back(test_property);
     return;
   }
   property_with_matching_key->SetValue(test_property.value());
 }
 
-// Adds a failure if the key is a reserved attribute of Google Test
-// testcase tags.  Returns true if the property is valid.
-bool TestResult::ValidateTestProperty(const TestProperty& test_property) {
-  internal::String key(test_property.key());
-  if (key == "name" || key == "status" || key == "time" || key == "classname") {
-    ADD_FAILURE()
-        << "Reserved key used in RecordProperty(): "
-        << key
-        << " ('name', 'status', 'time', and 'classname' are reserved by "
-        << GTEST_NAME_ << ")";
+// The list of reserved attributes used in the <testsuites> element of XML
+// output.
+static const char* const kReservedTestSuitesAttributes[] = {
+  "disabled",
+  "errors",
+  "failures",
+  "name",
+  "random_seed",
+  "tests",
+  "time",
+  "timestamp"
+};
+
+// The list of reserved attributes used in the <testsuite> element of XML
+// output.
+static const char* const kReservedTestSuiteAttributes[] = {
+  "disabled",
+  "errors",
+  "failures",
+  "name",
+  "tests",
+  "time"
+};
+
+// The list of reserved attributes used in the <testcase> element of XML output.
+static const char* const kReservedTestCaseAttributes[] = {
+  "classname",
+  "name",
+  "status",
+  "time",
+  "type_param",
+  "value_param"
+};
+
+template <int kSize>
+std::vector<std::string> ArrayAsVector(const char* const (&array)[kSize]) {
+  return std::vector<std::string>(array, array + kSize);
+}
+
+static std::vector<std::string> GetReservedAttributesForElement(
+    const std::string& xml_element) {
+  if (xml_element == "testsuites") {
+    return ArrayAsVector(kReservedTestSuitesAttributes);
+  } else if (xml_element == "testsuite") {
+    return ArrayAsVector(kReservedTestSuiteAttributes);
+  } else if (xml_element == "testcase") {
+    return ArrayAsVector(kReservedTestCaseAttributes);
+  } else {
+    GTEST_CHECK_(false) << "Unrecognized xml_element provided: " << xml_element;
+  }
+  // This code is unreachable but some compilers may not realizes that.
+  return std::vector<std::string>();
+}
+
+static std::string FormatWordList(const std::vector<std::string>& words) {
+  Message word_list;
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < words.size(); ++i) {
+    if (i > 0 && words.size() > 2) {
+      word_list << ", ";
+    }
+    if (i == words.size() - 1) {
+      word_list << "and ";
+    }
+    word_list << "'" << words[i] << "'";
+  }
+  return word_list.GetString();
+}
+
+bool ValidateTestPropertyName(const std::string& property_name,
+                              const std::vector<std::string>& reserved_names) {
+  if (std::find(reserved_names.begin(), reserved_names.end(), property_name) !=
+          reserved_names.end()) {
+    ADD_FAILURE() << "Reserved key used in RecordProperty(): " << property_name
+                  << " (" << FormatWordList(reserved_names)
+                  << " are reserved by " << GTEST_NAME_ << ")";
     return false;
   }
   return true;
 }
 
+// Adds a failure if the key is a reserved attribute of the element named
+// xml_element.  Returns true if the property is valid.
+bool TestResult::ValidateTestProperty(const std::string& xml_element,
+                                      const TestProperty& test_property) {
+  return ValidateTestPropertyName(test_property.key(),
+                                  GetReservedAttributesForElement(xml_element));
+}
+
 // Clears the object.
 void TestResult::Clear() {
   test_part_results_.clear();
   test_properties_.clear();
   death_test_count_ = 0;
   elapsed_time_ = 0;
 }
 
@@ -1888,62 +2205,63 @@ int TestResult::total_part_count() const
 int TestResult::test_property_count() const {
   return static_cast<int>(test_properties_.size());
 }
 
 // class Test
 
 // Creates a Test object.
 
-// The c'tor saves the values of all Google Test flags.
+// The c'tor saves the states of all flags.
 Test::Test()
-    : gtest_flag_saver_(new internal::GTestFlagSaver) {
-}
-
-// The d'tor restores the values of all Google Test flags.
+    : gtest_flag_saver_(new GTEST_FLAG_SAVER_) {
+}
+
+// The d'tor restores the states of all flags.  The actual work is
+// done by the d'tor of the gtest_flag_saver_ field, and thus not
+// visible here.
 Test::~Test() {
-  delete gtest_flag_saver_;
 }
 
 // Sets up the test fixture.
 //
 // A sub-class may override this.
 void Test::SetUp() {
 }
 
 // Tears down the test fixture.
 //
 // A sub-class may override this.
 void Test::TearDown() {
 }
 
 // Allows user supplied key value pairs to be recorded for later output.
-void Test::RecordProperty(const char* key, const char* value) {
-  UnitTest::GetInstance()->RecordPropertyForCurrentTest(key, value);
+void Test::RecordProperty(const std::string& key, const std::string& value) {
+  UnitTest::GetInstance()->RecordProperty(key, value);
 }
 
 // Allows user supplied key value pairs to be recorded for later output.
-void Test::RecordProperty(const char* key, int value) {
+void Test::RecordProperty(const std::string& key, int value) {
   Message value_message;
   value_message << value;
   RecordProperty(key, value_message.GetString().c_str());
 }
 
 namespace internal {
 
 void ReportFailureInUnknownLocation(TestPartResult::Type result_type,
-                                    const String& message) {
+                                    const std::string& message) {
   // This function is a friend of UnitTest and as such has access to
   // AddTestPartResult.
   UnitTest::GetInstance()->AddTestPartResult(
       result_type,
       NULL,  // No info about the source file where the exception occurred.
       -1,    // We have no info on which line caused the exception.
       message,
-      String());  // No stack trace, either.
+      "");   // No stack trace, either.
 }
 
 }  // namespace internal
 
 // Google Test requires all tests in the same test case to use the same test
 // fixture class.  This function checks if the current test has the
 // same fixture class as the first test in the current test case.  If
 // yes, it returns true; otherwise it generates a Google Test failure and
@@ -1964,18 +2282,18 @@ bool Test::HasSameFixtureClass() {
 
   if (this_fixture_id != first_fixture_id) {
     // Is the first test defined using TEST?
     const bool first_is_TEST = first_fixture_id == internal::GetTestTypeId();
     // Is this test defined using TEST?
     const bool this_is_TEST = this_fixture_id == internal::GetTestTypeId();
 
     if (first_is_TEST || this_is_TEST) {
-      // The user mixed TEST and TEST_F in this test case - we'll tell
-      // him/her how to fix it.
+      // Both TEST and TEST_F appear in same test case, which is incorrect.
+      // Tell the user how to fix this.
 
       // Gets the name of the TEST and the name of the TEST_F.  Note
       // that first_is_TEST and this_is_TEST cannot both be true, as
       // the fixture IDs are different for the two tests.
       const char* const TEST_name =
           first_is_TEST ? first_test_name : this_test_name;
       const char* const TEST_F_name =
           first_is_TEST ? this_test_name : first_test_name;
@@ -1985,18 +2303,18 @@ bool Test::HasSameFixtureClass() {
           << "class, so mixing TEST_F and TEST in the same test case is\n"
           << "illegal.  In test case " << this_test_info->test_case_name()
           << ",\n"
           << "test " << TEST_F_name << " is defined using TEST_F but\n"
           << "test " << TEST_name << " is defined using TEST.  You probably\n"
           << "want to change the TEST to TEST_F or move it to another test\n"
           << "case.";
     } else {
-      // The user defined two fixture classes with the same name in
-      // two namespaces - we'll tell him/her how to fix it.
+      // Two fixture classes with the same name appear in two different
+      // namespaces, which is not allowed. Tell the user how to fix this.
       ADD_FAILURE()
           << "All tests in the same test case must use the same test fixture\n"
           << "class.  However, in test case "
           << this_test_info->test_case_name() << ",\n"
           << "you defined test " << first_test_name
           << " and test " << this_test_name << "\n"
           << "using two different test fixture classes.  This can happen if\n"
           << "the two classes are from different namespaces or translation\n"
@@ -2010,60 +2328,54 @@ bool Test::HasSameFixtureClass() {
 }
 
 #if GTEST_HAS_SEH
 
 // Adds an "exception thrown" fatal failure to the current test.  This
 // function returns its result via an output parameter pointer because VC++
 // prohibits creation of objects with destructors on stack in functions
 // using __try (see error C2712).
-static internal::String* FormatSehExceptionMessage(DWORD exception_code,
-                                                   const char* location) {
+static std::string* FormatSehExceptionMessage(DWORD exception_code,
+                                              const char* location) {
   Message message;
   message << "SEH exception with code 0x" << std::setbase(16) <<
     exception_code << std::setbase(10) << " thrown in " << location << ".";
 
-  return new internal::String(message.GetString());
+  return new std::string(message.GetString());
 }
 
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_SEH
 
+namespace internal {
+
 #if GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
 
 // Adds an "exception thrown" fatal failure to the current test.
-static internal::String FormatCxxExceptionMessage(const char* description,
-                                                  const char* location) {
+static std::string FormatCxxExceptionMessage(const char* description,
+                                             const char* location) {
   Message message;
   if (description != NULL) {
     message << "C++ exception with description \"" << description << "\"";
   } else {
     message << "Unknown C++ exception";
   }
   message << " thrown in " << location << ".";
 
   return message.GetString();
 }
 
-static internal::String PrintTestPartResultToString(
+static std::string PrintTestPartResultToString(
     const TestPartResult& test_part_result);
 
-// A failed Google Test assertion will throw an exception of this type when
-// GTEST_FLAG(throw_on_failure) is true (if exceptions are enabled).  We
-// derive it from std::runtime_error, which is for errors presumably
-// detectable only at run time.  Since std::runtime_error inherits from
-// std::exception, many testing frameworks know how to extract and print the
-// message inside it.
-class GoogleTestFailureException : public ::std::runtime_error {
- public:
-  explicit GoogleTestFailureException(const TestPartResult& failure)
-      : ::std::runtime_error(PrintTestPartResultToString(failure).c_str()) {}
-};
+GoogleTestFailureException::GoogleTestFailureException(
+    const TestPartResult& failure)
+    : ::std::runtime_error(PrintTestPartResultToString(failure).c_str()) {}
+
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
 
-namespace internal {
 // We put these helper functions in the internal namespace as IBM's xlC
 // compiler rejects the code if they were declared static.
 
 // Runs the given method and handles SEH exceptions it throws, when
 // SEH is supported; returns the 0-value for type Result in case of an
 // SEH exception.  (Microsoft compilers cannot handle SEH and C++
 // exceptions in the same function.  Therefore, we provide a separate
 // wrapper function for handling SEH exceptions.)
@@ -2073,17 +2385,17 @@ Result HandleSehExceptionsInMethodIfSupp
 #if GTEST_HAS_SEH
   __try {
     return (object->*method)();
   } __except (internal::UnitTestOptions::GTestShouldProcessSEH(  // NOLINT
       GetExceptionCode())) {
     // We create the exception message on the heap because VC++ prohibits
     // creation of objects with destructors on stack in functions using __try
     // (see error C2712).
-    internal::String* exception_message = FormatSehExceptionMessage(
+    std::string* exception_message = FormatSehExceptionMessage(
         GetExceptionCode(), location);
     internal::ReportFailureInUnknownLocation(TestPartResult::kFatalFailure,
                                              *exception_message);
     delete exception_message;
     return static_cast<Result>(0);
   }
 #else
   (void)location;
@@ -2119,19 +2431,20 @@ Result HandleExceptionsInMethodIfSupport
   // re-throw in this function -- instead of at the point of the original
   // throw statement in the code under test.  For this reason, we perform
   // the check early, sacrificing the ability to affect Google Test's
   // exception handling in the method where the exception is thrown.
   if (internal::GetUnitTestImpl()->catch_exceptions()) {
 #if GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
     try {
       return HandleSehExceptionsInMethodIfSupported(object, method, location);
-    } catch (const GoogleTestFailureException&) {  // NOLINT
-      // This exception doesn't originate in code under test. It makes no
-      // sense to report it as a test failure.
+    } catch (const internal::GoogleTestFailureException&) {  // NOLINT
+      // This exception type can only be thrown by a failed Google
+      // Test assertion with the intention of letting another testing
+      // framework catch it.  Therefore we just re-throw it.
       throw;
     } catch (const std::exception& e) {  // NOLINT
       internal::ReportFailureInUnknownLocation(
           TestPartResult::kFatalFailure,
           FormatCxxExceptionMessage(e.what(), location));
     } catch (...) {  // NOLINT
       internal::ReportFailureInUnknownLocation(
           TestPartResult::kFatalFailure,
@@ -2180,28 +2493,28 @@ bool Test::HasNonfatalFailure() {
   return internal::GetUnitTestImpl()->current_test_result()->
       HasNonfatalFailure();
 }
 
 // class TestInfo
 
 // Constructs a TestInfo object. It assumes ownership of the test factory
 // object.
-// TODO(vladl@google.com): Make a_test_case_name and a_name const string&'s
-// to signify they cannot be NULLs.
-TestInfo::TestInfo(const char* a_test_case_name,
-                   const char* a_name,
+TestInfo::TestInfo(const std::string& a_test_case_name,
+                   const std::string& a_name,
                    const char* a_type_param,
                    const char* a_value_param,
+                   internal::CodeLocation a_code_location,
                    internal::TypeId fixture_class_id,
                    internal::TestFactoryBase* factory)
     : test_case_name_(a_test_case_name),
       name_(a_name),
       type_param_(a_type_param ? new std::string(a_type_param) : NULL),
       value_param_(a_value_param ? new std::string(a_value_param) : NULL),
+      location_(a_code_location),
       fixture_class_id_(fixture_class_id),
       should_run_(false),
       is_disabled_(false),
       matches_filter_(false),
       factory_(factory),
       result_() {}
 
 // Destructs a TestInfo object.
@@ -2215,52 +2528,57 @@ namespace internal {
 // Arguments:
 //
 //   test_case_name:   name of the test case
 //   name:             name of the test
 //   type_param:       the name of the test's type parameter, or NULL if
 //                     this is not a typed or a type-parameterized test.
 //   value_param:      text representation of the test's value parameter,
 //                     or NULL if this is not a value-parameterized test.
+//   code_location:    code location where the test is defined
 //   fixture_class_id: ID of the test fixture class
 //   set_up_tc:        pointer to the function that sets up the test case
 //   tear_down_tc:     pointer to the function that tears down the test case
 //   factory:          pointer to the factory that creates a test object.
 //                     The newly created TestInfo instance will assume
 //                     ownership of the factory object.
 TestInfo* MakeAndRegisterTestInfo(
-    const char* test_case_name, const char* name,
+    const char* test_case_name,
+    const char* name,
     const char* type_param,
     const char* value_param,
+    CodeLocation code_location,
     TypeId fixture_class_id,
     SetUpTestCaseFunc set_up_tc,
     TearDownTestCaseFunc tear_down_tc,
     TestFactoryBase* factory) {
   TestInfo* const test_info =
       new TestInfo(test_case_name, name, type_param, value_param,
-                   fixture_class_id, factory);
+                   code_location, fixture_class_id, factory);
   GetUnitTestImpl()->AddTestInfo(set_up_tc, tear_down_tc, test_info);
   return test_info;
 }
 
 #if GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
 void ReportInvalidTestCaseType(const char* test_case_name,
-                               const char* file, int line) {
+                               CodeLocation code_location) {
   Message errors;
   errors
       << "Attempted redefinition of test case " << test_case_name << ".\n"
       << "All tests in the same test case must use the same test fixture\n"
       << "class.  However, in test case " << test_case_name << ", you tried\n"
       << "to define a test using a fixture class different from the one\n"
       << "used earlier. This can happen if the two fixture classes are\n"
       << "from different namespaces and have the same name. You should\n"
       << "probably rename one of the classes to put the tests into different\n"
       << "test cases.";
 
-  fprintf(stderr, "%s %s", FormatFileLocation(file, line).c_str(),
+  fprintf(stderr, "%s %s",
+          FormatFileLocation(code_location.file.c_str(),
+                             code_location.line).c_str(),
           errors.GetString().c_str());
 }
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
 
 }  // namespace internal
 
 namespace {
 
@@ -2277,21 +2595,21 @@ class TestNameIs {
   // Constructor.
   //
   // TestNameIs has NO default constructor.
   explicit TestNameIs(const char* name)
       : name_(name) {}
 
   // Returns true iff the test name of test_info matches name_.
   bool operator()(const TestInfo * test_info) const {
-    return test_info && internal::String(test_info->name()).Compare(name_) == 0;
+    return test_info && test_info->name() == name_;
   }
 
  private:
-  internal::String name_;
+  std::string name_;
 };
 
 }  // namespace
 
 namespace internal {
 
 // This method expands all parameterized tests registered with macros TEST_P
 // and INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P into regular tests and registers those.
@@ -2360,20 +2678,31 @@ int TestCase::successful_test_count() co
   return CountIf(test_info_list_, TestPassed);
 }
 
 // Gets the number of failed tests in this test case.
 int TestCase::failed_test_count() const {
   return CountIf(test_info_list_, TestFailed);
 }
 
+// Gets the number of disabled tests that will be reported in the XML report.
+int TestCase::reportable_disabled_test_count() const {
+  return CountIf(test_info_list_, TestReportableDisabled);
+}
+
+// Gets the number of disabled tests in this test case.
 int TestCase::disabled_test_count() const {
   return CountIf(test_info_list_, TestDisabled);
 }
 
+// Gets the number of tests to be printed in the XML report.
+int TestCase::reportable_test_count() const {
+  return CountIf(test_info_list_, TestReportable);
+}
+
 // Get the number of tests in this test case that should run.
 int TestCase::test_to_run_count() const {
   return CountIf(test_info_list_, ShouldRunTest);
 }
 
 // Gets the number of all tests.
 int TestCase::total_test_count() const {
   return static_cast<int>(test_info_list_.size());
@@ -2451,16 +2780,17 @@ void TestCase::Run() {
       this, &TestCase::RunTearDownTestCase, "TearDownTestCase()");
 
   repeater->OnTestCaseEnd(*this);
   impl->set_current_test_case(NULL);
 }
 
 // Clears the results of all tests in this test case.
 void TestCase::ClearResult() {
+  ad_hoc_test_result_.Clear();
   ForEach(test_info_list_, TestInfo::ClearTestResult);
 }
 
 // Shuffles the tests in this test case.
 void TestCase::ShuffleTests(internal::Random* random) {
   Shuffle(random, &test_indices_);
 }
 
@@ -2471,30 +2801,30 @@ void TestCase::UnshuffleTests() {
   }
 }
 
 // Formats a countable noun.  Depending on its quantity, either the
 // singular form or the plural form is used. e.g.
 //
 // FormatCountableNoun(1, "formula", "formuli") returns "1 formula".
 // FormatCountableNoun(5, "book", "books") returns "5 books".
-static internal::String FormatCountableNoun(int count,
-                                            const char * singular_form,
-                                            const char * plural_form) {
-  return internal::String::Format("%d %s", count,
-                                  count == 1 ? singular_form : plural_form);
+static std::string FormatCountableNoun(int count,
+                                       const char * singular_form,
+                                       const char * plural_form) {
+  return internal::StreamableToString(count) + " " +
+      (count == 1 ? singular_form : plural_form);
 }
 
 // Formats the count of tests.
-static internal::String FormatTestCount(int test_count) {
+static std::string FormatTestCount(int test_count) {
   return FormatCountableNoun(test_count, "test", "tests");
 }
 
 // Formats the count of test cases.
-static internal::String FormatTestCaseCount(int test_case_count) {
+static std::string FormatTestCaseCount(int test_case_count) {
   return FormatCountableNoun(test_case_count, "test case", "test cases");
 }
 
 // Converts a TestPartResult::Type enum to human-friendly string
 // representation.  Both kNonFatalFailure and kFatalFailure are translated
 // to "Failure", as the user usually doesn't care about the difference
 // between the two when viewing the test result.
 static const char * TestPartResultTypeToString(TestPartResult::Type type) {
@@ -2509,29 +2839,31 @@ static const char * TestPartResultTypeTo
 #else
       return "Failure\n";
 #endif
     default:
       return "Unknown result type";
   }
 }
 
-// Prints a TestPartResult to a String.
-static internal::String PrintTestPartResultToString(
+namespace internal {
+
+// Prints a TestPartResult to an std::string.
+static std::string PrintTestPartResultToString(
     const TestPartResult& test_part_result) {
   return (Message()
           << internal::FormatFileLocation(test_part_result.file_name(),
                                           test_part_result.line_number())
           << " " << TestPartResultTypeToString(test_part_result.type())
           << test_part_result.message()).GetString();
 }
 
 // Prints a TestPartResult.
 static void PrintTestPartResult(const TestPartResult& test_part_result) {
-  const internal::String& result =
+  const std::string& result =
       PrintTestPartResultToString(test_part_result);
   printf("%s\n", result.c_str());
   fflush(stdout);
   // If the test program runs in Visual Studio or a debugger, the
   // following statements add the test part result message to the Output
   // window such that the user can double-click on it to jump to the
   // corresponding source code location; otherwise they do nothing.
 #if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
@@ -2540,26 +2872,25 @@ static void PrintTestPartResult(const Te
   // want the same message printed twice.
   ::OutputDebugStringA(result.c_str());
   ::OutputDebugStringA("\n");
 #endif
 }
 
 // class PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter
 
-namespace internal {
-
 enum GTestColor {
   COLOR_DEFAULT,
   COLOR_RED,
   COLOR_GREEN,
   COLOR_YELLOW
 };
 
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE && \
+    !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_PHONE && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_RT
 
 // Returns the character attribute for the given color.
 WORD GetColorAttribute(GTestColor color) {
   switch (color) {
     case COLOR_RED:    return FOREGROUND_RED;
     case COLOR_GREEN:  return FOREGROUND_GREEN;
     case COLOR_YELLOW: return FOREGROUND_RED | FOREGROUND_GREEN;
     default:           return 0;
@@ -2593,16 +2924,21 @@ bool ShouldUseColor(bool stdout_is_tty) 
 #else
     // On non-Windows platforms, we rely on the TERM variable.
     const char* const term = posix::GetEnv("TERM");
     const bool term_supports_color =
         String::CStringEquals(term, "xterm") ||
         String::CStringEquals(term, "xterm-color") ||
         String::CStringEquals(term, "xterm-256color") ||
         String::CStringEquals(term, "screen") ||
+        String::CStringEquals(term, "screen-256color") ||
+        String::CStringEquals(term, "tmux") ||
+        String::CStringEquals(term, "tmux-256color") ||
+        String::CStringEquals(term, "rxvt-unicode") ||
+        String::CStringEquals(term, "rxvt-unicode-256color") ||
         String::CStringEquals(term, "linux") ||
         String::CStringEquals(term, "cygwin");
     return stdout_is_tty && term_supports_color;
 #endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
   }
 
   return String::CaseInsensitiveCStringEquals(gtest_color, "yes") ||
       String::CaseInsensitiveCStringEquals(gtest_color, "true") ||
@@ -2616,32 +2952,34 @@ bool ShouldUseColor(bool stdout_is_tty) 
 // Helpers for printing colored strings to stdout. Note that on Windows, we
 // cannot simply emit special characters and have the terminal change colors.
 // This routine must actually emit the characters rather than return a string
 // that would be colored when printed, as can be done on Linux.
 void ColoredPrintf(GTestColor color, const char* fmt, ...) {
   va_list args;
   va_start(args, fmt);
 
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE || GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN || GTEST_OS_ZOS || GTEST_OS_IOS
-  const bool use_color = false;
+#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE || GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN || GTEST_OS_ZOS || \
+    GTEST_OS_IOS || GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_PHONE || GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_RT
+  const bool use_color = AlwaysFalse();
 #else
   static const bool in_color_mode =
       ShouldUseColor(posix::IsATTY(posix::FileNo(stdout)) != 0);
   const bool use_color = in_color_mode && (color != COLOR_DEFAULT);
 #endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE || GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN || GTEST_OS_ZOS
   // The '!= 0' comparison is necessary to satisfy MSVC 7.1.
 
   if (!use_color) {
     vprintf(fmt, args);
     va_end(args);
     return;
   }
 
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE && \
+    !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_PHONE && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_RT
   const HANDLE stdout_handle = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
 
   // Gets the current text color.
   CONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFO buffer_info;
   GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(stdout_handle, &buffer_info);
   const WORD old_color_attrs = buffer_info.wAttributes;
 
   // We need to flush the stream buffers into the console before each
@@ -2658,29 +2996,34 @@ void ColoredPrintf(GTestColor color, con
 #else
   printf("\033[0;3%sm", GetAnsiColorCode(color));
   vprintf(fmt, args);
   printf("\033[m");  // Resets the terminal to default.
 #endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
   va_end(args);
 }
 
+// Text printed in Google Test's text output and --gunit_list_tests
+// output to label the type parameter and value parameter for a test.
+static const char kTypeParamLabel[] = "TypeParam";
+static const char kValueParamLabel[] = "GetParam()";
+
 void PrintFullTestCommentIfPresent(const TestInfo& test_info) {
   const char* const type_param = test_info.type_param();
   const char* const value_param = test_info.value_param();
 
   if (type_param != NULL || value_param != NULL) {
     printf(", where ");
     if (type_param != NULL) {
-      printf("TypeParam = %s", type_param);
+      printf("%s = %s", kTypeParamLabel, type_param);
       if (value_param != NULL)
         printf(" and ");
     }
     if (value_param != NULL) {
-      printf("GetParam() = %s", value_param);
+      printf("%s = %s", kValueParamLabel, value_param);
     }
   }
 }
 
 // This class implements the TestEventListener interface.
 //
 // Class PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter is copyable.
 class PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter : public TestEventListener {
@@ -2702,31 +3045,29 @@ class PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter : publ
   virtual void OnTestCaseEnd(const TestCase& test_case);
   virtual void OnEnvironmentsTearDownStart(const UnitTest& unit_test);
   virtual void OnEnvironmentsTearDownEnd(const UnitTest& /*unit_test*/) {}
   virtual void OnTestIterationEnd(const UnitTest& unit_test, int iteration);
   virtual void OnTestProgramEnd(const UnitTest& /*unit_test*/) {}
 
  private:
   static void PrintFailedTests(const UnitTest& unit_test);
-
-  internal::String test_case_name_;
 };
 
   // Fired before each iteration of tests starts.
 void PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter::OnTestIterationStart(
     const UnitTest& unit_test, int iteration) {
   if (GTEST_FLAG(repeat) != 1)
     printf("\nRepeating all tests (iteration %d) . . .\n\n", iteration + 1);
 
   const char* const filter = GTEST_FLAG(filter).c_str();
 
   // Prints the filter if it's not *.  This reminds the user that some
   // tests may be skipped.
-  if (!internal::String::CStringEquals(filter, kUniversalFilter)) {
+  if (!String::CStringEquals(filter, kUniversalFilter)) {
     ColoredPrintf(COLOR_YELLOW,
                   "Note: %s filter = %s\n", GTEST_NAME_, filter);
   }
 
   if (internal::ShouldShard(kTestTotalShards, kTestShardIndex, false)) {
     const Int32 shard_index = Int32FromEnvOrDie(kTestShardIndex, -1);
     ColoredPrintf(COLOR_YELLOW,
                   "Note: This is test shard %d of %s.\n",
@@ -2750,32 +3091,31 @@ void PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter::OnTest
 void PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter::OnEnvironmentsSetUpStart(
     const UnitTest& /*unit_test*/) {
   ColoredPrintf(COLOR_GREEN,  "[----------] ");
   printf("Global test environment set-up.\n");
   fflush(stdout);
 }
 
 void PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter::OnTestCaseStart(const TestCase& test_case) {
-  test_case_name_ = test_case.name();
-  const internal::String counts =
+  const std::string counts =
       FormatCountableNoun(test_case.test_to_run_count(), "test", "tests");
   ColoredPrintf(COLOR_GREEN, "[----------] ");
-  printf("%s from %s", counts.c_str(), test_case_name_.c_str());
+  printf("%s from %s", counts.c_str(), test_case.name());
   if (test_case.type_param() == NULL) {
     printf("\n");
   } else {
-    printf(", where TypeParam = %s\n", test_case.type_param());
+    printf(", where %s = %s\n", kTypeParamLabel, test_case.type_param());
   }
   fflush(stdout);
 }
 
 void PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter::OnTestStart(const TestInfo& test_info) {
   ColoredPrintf(COLOR_GREEN,  "[ RUN      ] ");
-  PrintTestName(test_case_name_.c_str(), test_info.name());
+  PrintTestName(test_info.test_case_name(), test_info.name());
   printf("\n");
   fflush(stdout);
 }
 
 // Called after an assertion failure.
 void PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter::OnTestPartResult(
     const TestPartResult& result) {
   // If the test part succeeded, we don't need to do anything.
@@ -2788,38 +3128,37 @@ void PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter::OnTest
 }
 
 void PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter::OnTestEnd(const TestInfo& test_info) {
   if (test_info.result()->Passed()) {
     ColoredPrintf(COLOR_GREEN, "[       OK ] ");
   } else {
     ColoredPrintf(COLOR_RED, "[  FAILED  ] ");
   }
-  PrintTestName(test_case_name_.c_str(), test_info.name());
+  PrintTestName(test_info.test_case_name(), test_info.name());
   if (test_info.result()->Failed())
     PrintFullTestCommentIfPresent(test_info);
 
   if (GTEST_FLAG(print_time)) {
     printf(" (%s ms)\n", internal::StreamableToString(
            test_info.result()->elapsed_time()).c_str());
   } else {
     printf("\n");
   }
   fflush(stdout);
 }
 
 void PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter::OnTestCaseEnd(const TestCase& test_case) {
   if (!GTEST_FLAG(print_time)) return;
 
-  test_case_name_ = test_case.name();
-  const internal::String counts =
+  const std::string counts =
       FormatCountableNoun(test_case.test_to_run_count(), "test", "tests");
   ColoredPrintf(COLOR_GREEN, "[----------] ");
   printf("%s from %s (%s ms total)\n\n",
-         counts.c_str(), test_case_name_.c_str(),
+         counts.c_str(), test_case.name(),
          internal::StreamableToString(test_case.elapsed_time()).c_str());
   fflush(stdout);
 }
 
 void PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter::OnEnvironmentsTearDownStart(
     const UnitTest& /*unit_test*/) {
   ColoredPrintf(COLOR_GREEN,  "[----------] ");
   printf("Global test environment tear-down\n");
@@ -2870,17 +3209,17 @@ void PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter::OnTest
     const int failed_test_count = unit_test.failed_test_count();
     ColoredPrintf(COLOR_RED,  "[  FAILED  ] ");
     printf("%s, listed below:\n", FormatTestCount(failed_test_count).c_str());
     PrintFailedTests(unit_test);
     printf("\n%2d FAILED %s\n", num_failures,
                         num_failures == 1 ? "TEST" : "TESTS");
   }
 
-  int num_disabled = unit_test.disabled_test_count();
+  int num_disabled = unit_test.reportable_disabled_test_count();
   if (num_disabled && !GTEST_FLAG(also_run_disabled_tests)) {
     if (!num_failures) {
       printf("\n");  // Add a spacer if no FAILURE banner is displayed.
     }
     ColoredPrintf(COLOR_YELLOW,
                   "  YOU HAVE %d DISABLED %s\n\n",
                   num_disabled,
                   num_disabled == 1 ? "TEST" : "TESTS");
@@ -3024,51 +3363,62 @@ class XmlUnitTestResultPrinter : public 
   static bool IsValidXmlCharacter(char c) {
     return IsNormalizableWhitespace(c) || c >= 0x20;
   }
 
   // Returns an XML-escaped copy of the input string str.  If
   // is_attribute is true, the text is meant to appear as an attribute
   // value, and normalizable whitespace is preserved by replacing it
   // with character references.
-  static String EscapeXml(const char* str, bool is_attribute);
+  static std::string EscapeXml(const std::string& str, bool is_attribute);
 
   // Returns the given string with all characters invalid in XML removed.
-  static string RemoveInvalidXmlCharacters(const string& str);
+  static std::string RemoveInvalidXmlCharacters(const std::string& str);
 
   // Convenience wrapper around EscapeXml when str is an attribute value.
-  static String EscapeXmlAttribute(const char* str) {
+  static std::string EscapeXmlAttribute(const std::string& str) {
     return EscapeXml(str, true);
   }
 
   // Convenience wrapper around EscapeXml when str is not an attribute value.
-  static String EscapeXmlText(const char* str) { return EscapeXml(str, false); }
+  static std::string EscapeXmlText(const char* str) {
+    return EscapeXml(str, false);
+  }
+
+  // Verifies that the given attribute belongs to the given element and
+  // streams the attribute as XML.
+  static void OutputXmlAttribute(std::ostream* stream,
+                                 const std::string& element_name,
+                                 const std::string& name,
+                                 const std::string& value);
 
   // Streams an XML CDATA section, escaping invalid CDATA sequences as needed.
   static void OutputXmlCDataSection(::std::ostream* stream, const char* data);
 
   // Streams an XML representation of a TestInfo object.
   static void OutputXmlTestInfo(::std::ostream* stream,
                                 const char* test_case_name,
                                 const TestInfo& test_info);
 
   // Prints an XML representation of a TestCase object
-  static void PrintXmlTestCase(FILE* out, const TestCase& test_case);
+  static void PrintXmlTestCase(::std::ostream* stream,
+                               const TestCase& test_case);
 
   // Prints an XML summary of unit_test to output stream out.
-  static void PrintXmlUnitTest(FILE* out, const UnitTest& unit_test);
+  static void PrintXmlUnitTest(::std::ostream* stream,
+                               const UnitTest& unit_test);
 
   // Produces a string representing the test properties in a result as space
   // delimited XML attributes based on the property key="value" pairs.
-  // When the String is not empty, it includes a space at the beginning,
+  // When the std::string is not empty, it includes a space at the beginning,
   // to delimit this attribute from prior attributes.
-  static String TestPropertiesAsXmlAttributes(const TestResult& result);
+  static std::string TestPropertiesAsXmlAttributes(const TestResult& result);
 
   // The output file.
-  const String output_file_;
+  const std::string output_file_;
 
   GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(XmlUnitTestResultPrinter);
 };
 
 // Creates a new XmlUnitTestResultPrinter.
 XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::XmlUnitTestResultPrinter(const char* output_file)
     : output_file_(output_file) {
   if (output_file_.c_str() == NULL || output_file_.empty()) {
@@ -3100,81 +3450,85 @@ void XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::OnTestIte
     //      we need the strerror_r() function, which is not available on
     //      Windows.
     fprintf(stderr,
             "Unable to open file \"%s\"\n",
             output_file_.c_str());
     fflush(stderr);
     exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
   }
-  PrintXmlUnitTest(xmlout, unit_test);
+  std::stringstream stream;
+  PrintXmlUnitTest(&stream, unit_test);
+  fprintf(xmlout, "%s", StringStreamToString(&stream).c_str());
   fclose(xmlout);
 }
 
 // Returns an XML-escaped copy of the input string str.  If is_attribute
 // is true, the text is meant to appear as an attribute value, and
 // normalizable whitespace is preserved by replacing it with character
 // references.
 //
 // Invalid XML characters in str, if any, are stripped from the output.
 // It is expected that most, if not all, of the text processed by this
 // module will consist of ordinary English text.
 // If this module is ever modified to produce version 1.1 XML output,
 // most invalid characters can be retained using character references.
 // TODO(wan): It might be nice to have a minimally invasive, human-readable
 // escaping scheme for invalid characters, rather than dropping them.
-String XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::EscapeXml(const char* str, bool is_attribute) {
+std::string XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::EscapeXml(
+    const std::string& str, bool is_attribute) {
   Message m;
 
-  if (str != NULL) {
-    for (const char* src = str; *src; ++src) {
-      switch (*src) {
-        case '<':
-          m << "&lt;";
-          break;
-        case '>':
-          m << "&gt;";
-          break;
-        case '&':
-          m << "&amp;";
-          break;
-        case '\'':
-          if (is_attribute)
-            m << "&apos;";
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < str.size(); ++i) {
+    const char ch = str[i];
+    switch (ch) {
+      case '<':
+        m << "&lt;";
+        break;
+      case '>':
+        m << "&gt;";
+        break;
+      case '&':
+        m << "&amp;";
+        break;
+      case '\'':
+        if (is_attribute)
+          m << "&apos;";
+        else
+          m << '\'';
+        break;
+      case '"':
+        if (is_attribute)
+          m << "&quot;";
+        else
+          m << '"';
+        break;
+      default:
+        if (IsValidXmlCharacter(ch)) {
+          if (is_attribute && IsNormalizableWhitespace(ch))
+            m << "&#x" << String::FormatByte(static_cast<unsigned char>(ch))
+              << ";";
           else
-            m << '\'';
-          break;
-        case '"':
-          if (is_attribute)
-            m << "&quot;";
-          else
-            m << '"';
-          break;
-        default:
-          if (IsValidXmlCharacter(*src)) {
-            if (is_attribute && IsNormalizableWhitespace(*src))
-              m << String::Format("&#x%02X;", unsigned(*src));
-            else
-              m << *src;
-          }
-          break;
-      }
+            m << ch;
+        }
+        break;
     }
   }
 
   return m.GetString();
 }
 
 // Returns the given string with all characters invalid in XML removed.
 // Currently invalid characters are dropped from the string. An
 // alternative is to replace them with certain characters such as . or ?.
-string XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::RemoveInvalidXmlCharacters(const string& str) {
-  string output;
+std::string XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::RemoveInvalidXmlCharacters(
+    const std::string& str) {
+  std::string output;
   output.reserve(str.size());
-  for (string::const_iterator it = str.begin(); it != str.end(); ++it)
+  for (std::string::const_iterator it = str.begin(); it != str.end(); ++it)
     if (IsValidXmlCharacter(*it))
       output.push_back(*it);
 
   return output;
 }
 
 // The following routines generate an XML representation of a UnitTest
 // object.
@@ -3190,20 +3544,51 @@ string XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::RemoveI
 //                                     <-- individual assertion failures
 //     </testcase>
 //   </testsuite>
 // </testsuites>
 
 // Formats the given time in milliseconds as seconds.
 std::string FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds(TimeInMillis ms) {
   ::std::stringstream ss;
-  ss << ms/1000.0;
+  ss << (static_cast<double>(ms) * 1e-3);
   return ss.str();
 }
 
+static bool PortableLocaltime(time_t seconds, struct tm* out) {
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+  return localtime_s(out, &seconds) == 0;
+#elif defined(__MINGW32__) || defined(__MINGW64__)
+  // MINGW <time.h> provides neither localtime_r nor localtime_s, but uses
+  // Windows' localtime(), which has a thread-local tm buffer.
+  struct tm* tm_ptr = localtime(&seconds);  // NOLINT
+  if (tm_ptr == NULL)
+    return false;
+  *out = *tm_ptr;
+  return true;
+#else
+  return localtime_r(&seconds, out) != NULL;
+#endif
+}
+
+// Converts the given epoch time in milliseconds to a date string in the ISO
+// 8601 format, without the timezone information.
+std::string FormatEpochTimeInMillisAsIso8601(TimeInMillis ms) {
+  struct tm time_struct;
+  if (!PortableLocaltime(static_cast<time_t>(ms / 1000), &time_struct))
+    return "";
+  // YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss
+  return StreamableToString(time_struct.tm_year + 1900) + "-" +
+      String::FormatIntWidth2(time_struct.tm_mon + 1) + "-" +
+      String::FormatIntWidth2(time_struct.tm_mday) + "T" +
+      String::FormatIntWidth2(time_struct.tm_hour) + ":" +
+      String::FormatIntWidth2(time_struct.tm_min) + ":" +
+      String::FormatIntWidth2(time_struct.tm_sec);
+}
+
 // Streams an XML CDATA section, escaping invalid CDATA sequences as needed.
 void XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::OutputXmlCDataSection(::std::ostream* stream,
                                                      const char* data) {
   const char* segment = data;
   *stream << "<![CDATA[";
   for (;;) {
     const char* const next_segment = strstr(segment, "]]>");
     if (next_segment != NULL) {
@@ -3214,254 +3599,190 @@ void XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::OutputXml
     } else {
       *stream << segment;
       break;
     }
   }
   *stream << "]]>";
 }
 
+void XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::OutputXmlAttribute(
+    std::ostream* stream,
+    const std::string& element_name,
+    const std::string& name,
+    const std::string& value) {
+  const std::vector<std::string>& allowed_names =
+      GetReservedAttributesForElement(element_name);
+
+  GTEST_CHECK_(std::find(allowed_names.begin(), allowed_names.end(), name) !=
+                   allowed_names.end())
+      << "Attribute " << name << " is not allowed for element <" << element_name
+      << ">.";
+
+  *stream << " " << name << "=\"" << EscapeXmlAttribute(value) << "\"";
+}
+
 // Prints an XML representation of a TestInfo object.
 // TODO(wan): There is also value in printing properties with the plain printer.
 void XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::OutputXmlTestInfo(::std::ostream* stream,
                                                  const char* test_case_name,
                                                  const TestInfo& test_info) {
   const TestResult& result = *test_info.result();
-  *stream << "    <testcase name=\""
-          << EscapeXmlAttribute(test_info.name()).c_str() << "\"";
+  const std::string kTestcase = "testcase";
+
+  *stream << "    <testcase";
+  OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestcase, "name", test_info.name());
 
   if (test_info.value_param() != NULL) {
-    *stream << " value_param=\"" << EscapeXmlAttribute(test_info.value_param())
-            << "\"";
+    OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestcase, "value_param",
+                       test_info.value_param());
   }
   if (test_info.type_param() != NULL) {
-    *stream << " type_param=\"" << EscapeXmlAttribute(test_info.type_param())
-            << "\"";
+    OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestcase, "type_param", test_info.type_param());
   }
 
-  *stream << " status=\""
-          << (test_info.should_run() ? "run" : "notrun")
-          << "\" time=\""
-          << FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds(result.elapsed_time())
-          << "\" classname=\"" << EscapeXmlAttribute(test_case_name).c_str()
-          << "\"" << TestPropertiesAsXmlAttributes(result).c_str();
+  OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestcase, "status",
+                     test_info.should_run() ? "run" : "notrun");
+  OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestcase, "time",
+                     FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds(result.elapsed_time()));
+  OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestcase, "classname", test_case_name);
+  *stream << TestPropertiesAsXmlAttributes(result);
 
   int failures = 0;
   for (int i = 0; i < result.total_part_count(); ++i) {
     const TestPartResult& part = result.GetTestPartResult(i);
     if (part.failed()) {
-      if (++failures == 1)
+      if (++failures == 1) {
         *stream << ">\n";
-      *stream << "      <failure message=\""
-              << EscapeXmlAttribute(part.summary()).c_str()
-              << "\" type=\"\">";
+      }
       const string location = internal::FormatCompilerIndependentFileLocation(
           part.file_name(), part.line_number());
-      const string message = location + "\n" + part.message();
-      OutputXmlCDataSection(stream,
-                            RemoveInvalidXmlCharacters(message).c_str());
+      const string summary = location + "\n" + part.summary();
+      *stream << "      <failure message=\""
+              << EscapeXmlAttribute(summary.c_str())
+              << "\" type=\"\">";
+      const string detail = location + "\n" + part.message();
+      OutputXmlCDataSection(stream, RemoveInvalidXmlCharacters(detail).c_str());
       *stream << "</failure>\n";
     }
   }
 
   if (failures == 0)
     *stream << " />\n";
   else
     *stream << "    </testcase>\n";
 }
 
 // Prints an XML representation of a TestCase object
-void XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::PrintXmlTestCase(FILE* out,
+void XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::PrintXmlTestCase(std::ostream* stream,
                                                 const TestCase& test_case) {
-  fprintf(out,
-          "  <testsuite name=\"%s\" tests=\"%d\" failures=\"%d\" "
-          "disabled=\"%d\" ",
-          EscapeXmlAttribute(test_case.name()).c_str(),
-          test_case.total_test_count(),
-          test_case.failed_test_count(),
-          test_case.disabled_test_count());
-  fprintf(out,
-          "errors=\"0\" time=\"%s\">\n",
-          FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds(test_case.elapsed_time()).c_str());
+  const std::string kTestsuite = "testsuite";
+  *stream << "  <" << kTestsuite;
+  OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestsuite, "name", test_case.name());
+  OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestsuite, "tests",
+                     StreamableToString(test_case.reportable_test_count()));
+  OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestsuite, "failures",
+                     StreamableToString(test_case.failed_test_count()));
+  OutputXmlAttribute(
+      stream, kTestsuite, "disabled",
+      StreamableToString(test_case.reportable_disabled_test_count()));
+  OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestsuite, "errors", "0");
+  OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestsuite, "time",
+                     FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds(test_case.elapsed_time()));
+  *stream << TestPropertiesAsXmlAttributes(test_case.ad_hoc_test_result())
+          << ">\n";
+
   for (int i = 0; i < test_case.total_test_count(); ++i) {
-    ::std::stringstream stream;
-    OutputXmlTestInfo(&stream, test_case.name(), *test_case.GetTestInfo(i));
-    fprintf(out, "%s", StringStreamToString(&stream).c_str());
+    if (test_case.GetTestInfo(i)->is_reportable())
+      OutputXmlTestInfo(stream, test_case.name(), *test_case.GetTestInfo(i));
   }
-  fprintf(out, "  </testsuite>\n");
+  *stream << "  </" << kTestsuite << ">\n";
 }
 
 // Prints an XML summary of unit_test to output stream out.
-void XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::PrintXmlUnitTest(FILE* out,
+void XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::PrintXmlUnitTest(std::ostream* stream,
                                                 const UnitTest& unit_test) {
-  fprintf(out, "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>\n");
-  fprintf(out,
-          "<testsuites tests=\"%d\" failures=\"%d\" disabled=\"%d\" "
-          "errors=\"0\" time=\"%s\" ",
-          unit_test.total_test_count(),
-          unit_test.failed_test_count(),
-          unit_test.disabled_test_count(),
-          FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds(unit_test.elapsed_time()).c_str());
+  const std::string kTestsuites = "testsuites";
+
+  *stream << "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>\n";
+  *stream << "<" << kTestsuites;
+
+  OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestsuites, "tests",
+                     StreamableToString(unit_test.reportable_test_count()));
+  OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestsuites, "failures",
+                     StreamableToString(unit_test.failed_test_count()));
+  OutputXmlAttribute(
+      stream, kTestsuites, "disabled",
+      StreamableToString(unit_test.reportable_disabled_test_count()));
+  OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestsuites, "errors", "0");
+  OutputXmlAttribute(
+      stream, kTestsuites, "timestamp",
+      FormatEpochTimeInMillisAsIso8601(unit_test.start_timestamp()));
+  OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestsuites, "time",
+                     FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds(unit_test.elapsed_time()));
+
   if (GTEST_FLAG(shuffle)) {
-    fprintf(out, "random_seed=\"%d\" ", unit_test.random_seed());
+    OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestsuites, "random_seed",
+                       StreamableToString(unit_test.random_seed()));
   }
-  fprintf(out, "name=\"AllTests\">\n");
-  for (int i = 0; i < unit_test.total_test_case_count(); ++i)
-    PrintXmlTestCase(out, *unit_test.GetTestCase(i));
-  fprintf(out, "</testsuites>\n");
+
+  *stream << TestPropertiesAsXmlAttributes(unit_test.ad_hoc_test_result());
+
+  OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestsuites, "name", "AllTests");
+  *stream << ">\n";
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < unit_test.total_test_case_count(); ++i) {
+    if (unit_test.GetTestCase(i)->reportable_test_count() > 0)
+      PrintXmlTestCase(stream, *unit_test.GetTestCase(i));
+  }
+  *stream << "</" << kTestsuites << ">\n";
 }
 
 // Produces a string representing the test properties in a result as space
 // delimited XML attributes based on the property key="value" pairs.
-String XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::TestPropertiesAsXmlAttributes(
+std::string XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::TestPropertiesAsXmlAttributes(
     const TestResult& result) {
   Message attributes;
   for (int i = 0; i < result.test_property_count(); ++i) {
     const TestProperty& property = result.GetTestProperty(i);
     attributes << " " << property.key() << "="
         << "\"" << EscapeXmlAttribute(property.value()) << "\"";
   }
   return attributes.GetString();
 }
 
 // End XmlUnitTestResultPrinter
 
 #if GTEST_CAN_STREAM_RESULTS_
 
-// Streams test results to the given port on the given host machine.
-class StreamingListener : public EmptyTestEventListener {
- public:
-  // Escapes '=', '&', '%', and '\n' characters in str as "%xx".
-  static string UrlEncode(const char* str);
-
-  StreamingListener(const string& host, const string& port)
-      : sockfd_(-1), host_name_(host), port_num_(port) {
-    MakeConnection();
-    Send("gtest_streaming_protocol_version=1.0\n");
-  }
-
-  virtual ~StreamingListener() {
-    if (sockfd_ != -1)
-      CloseConnection();
-  }
-
-  void OnTestProgramStart(const UnitTest& /* unit_test */) {
-    Send("event=TestProgramStart\n");
-  }
-
-  void OnTestProgramEnd(const UnitTest& unit_test) {
-    // Note that Google Test current only report elapsed time for each
-    // test iteration, not for the entire test program.
-    Send(String::Format("event=TestProgramEnd&passed=%d\n",
-                        unit_test.Passed()));
-
-    // Notify the streaming server to stop.
-    CloseConnection();
-  }
-
-  void OnTestIterationStart(const UnitTest& /* unit_test */, int iteration) {
-    Send(String::Format("event=TestIterationStart&iteration=%d\n",
-                        iteration));
-  }
-
-  void OnTestIterationEnd(const UnitTest& unit_test, int /* iteration */) {
-    Send(String::Format("event=TestIterationEnd&passed=%d&elapsed_time=%sms\n",
-                        unit_test.Passed(),
-                        StreamableToString(unit_test.elapsed_time()).c_str()));
-  }
-
-  void OnTestCaseStart(const TestCase& test_case) {
-    Send(String::Format("event=TestCaseStart&name=%s\n", test_case.name()));
-  }
-
-  void OnTestCaseEnd(const TestCase& test_case) {
-    Send(String::Format("event=TestCaseEnd&passed=%d&elapsed_time=%sms\n",
-                        test_case.Passed(),
-                        StreamableToString(test_case.elapsed_time()).c_str()));
-  }
-
-  void OnTestStart(const TestInfo& test_info) {
-    Send(String::Format("event=TestStart&name=%s\n", test_info.name()));
-  }
-
-  void OnTestEnd(const TestInfo& test_info) {
-    Send(String::Format(
-        "event=TestEnd&passed=%d&elapsed_time=%sms\n",
-        (test_info.result())->Passed(),
-        StreamableToString((test_info.result())->elapsed_time()).c_str()));
-  }
-
-  void OnTestPartResult(const TestPartResult& test_part_result) {
-    const char* file_name = test_part_result.file_name();
-    if (file_name == NULL)
-      file_name = "";
-    Send(String::Format("event=TestPartResult&file=%s&line=%d&message=",
-                        UrlEncode(file_name).c_str(),
-                        test_part_result.line_number()));
-    Send(UrlEncode(test_part_result.message()) + "\n");
-  }
-
- private:
-  // Creates a client socket and connects to the server.
-  void MakeConnection();
-
-  // Closes the socket.
-  void CloseConnection() {
-    GTEST_CHECK_(sockfd_ != -1)
-        << "CloseConnection() can be called only when there is a connection.";
-
-    close(sockfd_);
-    sockfd_ = -1;
-  }
-
-  // Sends a string to the socket.
-  void Send(const string& message) {
-    GTEST_CHECK_(sockfd_ != -1)
-        << "Send() can be called only when there is a connection.";
-
-    const int len = static_cast<int>(message.length());
-    if (write(sockfd_, message.c_str(), len) != len) {
-      GTEST_LOG_(WARNING)
-          << "stream_result_to: failed to stream to "
-          << host_name_ << ":" << port_num_;
-    }
-  }
-
-  int sockfd_;   // socket file descriptor
-  const string host_name_;
-  const string port_num_;
-
-  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(StreamingListener);
-};  // class StreamingListener
-
 // Checks if str contains '=', '&', '%' or '\n' characters. If yes,
 // replaces them by "%xx" where xx is their hexadecimal value. For
 // example, replaces "=" with "%3D".  This algorithm is O(strlen(str))
 // in both time and space -- important as the input str may contain an
 // arbitrarily long test failure message and stack trace.
 string StreamingListener::UrlEncode(const char* str) {
   string result;
   result.reserve(strlen(str) + 1);
   for (char ch = *str; ch != '\0'; ch = *++str) {
     switch (ch) {
       case '%':
       case '=':
       case '&':
       case '\n':
-        result.append(String::Format("%%%02x", static_cast<unsigned char>(ch)));
+        result.append("%" + String::FormatByte(static_cast<unsigned char>(ch)));
         break;
       default:
         result.push_back(ch);
         break;
     }
   }
   return result;
 }
 
-void StreamingListener::MakeConnection() {
+void StreamingListener::SocketWriter::MakeConnection() {
   GTEST_CHECK_(sockfd_ == -1)
       << "MakeConnection() can't be called when there is already a connection.";
 
   addrinfo hints;
   memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(hints));
   hints.ai_family = AF_UNSPEC;    // To allow both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses.
   hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM;
   addrinfo* servinfo = NULL;
@@ -3499,56 +3820,74 @@ void StreamingListener::MakeConnection()
 
 // End of class Streaming Listener
 #endif  // GTEST_CAN_STREAM_RESULTS__
 
 // Class ScopedTrace
 
 // Pushes the given source file location and message onto a per-thread
 // trace stack maintained by Google Test.
-// L < UnitTest::mutex_
-ScopedTrace::ScopedTrace(const char* file, int line, const Message& message) {
+ScopedTrace::ScopedTrace(const char* file, int line, const Message& message)
+    GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(&UnitTest::mutex_) {
   TraceInfo trace;
   trace.file = file;
   trace.line = line;
   trace.message = message.GetString();
 
   UnitTest::GetInstance()->PushGTestTrace(trace);
 }
 
 // Pops the info pushed by the c'tor.
-// L < UnitTest::mutex_
-ScopedTrace::~ScopedTrace() {
+ScopedTrace::~ScopedTrace()
+    GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(&UnitTest::mutex_) {
   UnitTest::GetInstance()->PopGTestTrace();
 }
 
 
 // class OsStackTraceGetter
 
-// Returns the current OS stack trace as a String.  Parameters:
-//
-//   max_depth  - the maximum number of stack frames to be included
-//                in the trace.
-//   skip_count - the number of top frames to be skipped; doesn't count
-//                against max_depth.
-//
-// L < mutex_
-// We use "L < mutex_" to denote that the function may acquire mutex_.
-String OsStackTraceGetter::CurrentStackTrace(int, int) {
-  return String("");
-}
-
-// L < mutex_
-void OsStackTraceGetter::UponLeavingGTest() {
-}
-
-const char* const
-OsStackTraceGetter::kElidedFramesMarker =
+const char* const OsStackTraceGetterInterface::kElidedFramesMarker =
     "... " GTEST_NAME_ " internal frames ...";
 
+string OsStackTraceGetter::CurrentStackTrace(int /*max_depth*/,
+                                             int /*skip_count*/) {
+  return "";
+}
+
+void OsStackTraceGetter::UponLeavingGTest() {}
+
+// A helper class that creates the premature-exit file in its
+// constructor and deletes the file in its destructor.
+class ScopedPrematureExitFile {
+ public:
+  explicit ScopedPrematureExitFile(const char* premature_exit_filepath)
+      : premature_exit_filepath_(premature_exit_filepath) {
+    // If a path to the premature-exit file is specified...
+    if (premature_exit_filepath != NULL && *premature_exit_filepath != '\0') {
+      // create the file with a single "0" character in it.  I/O
+      // errors are ignored as there's nothing better we can do and we
+      // don't want to fail the test because of this.
+      FILE* pfile = posix::FOpen(premature_exit_filepath, "w");
+      fwrite("0", 1, 1, pfile);
+      fclose(pfile);
+    }
+  }
+
+  ~ScopedPrematureExitFile() {
+    if (premature_exit_filepath_ != NULL && *premature_exit_filepath_ != '\0') {
+      remove(premature_exit_filepath_);
+    }
+  }
+
+ private:
+  const char* const premature_exit_filepath_;
+
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(ScopedPrematureExitFile);
+};
+
 }  // namespace internal
 
 // class TestEventListeners
 
 TestEventListeners::TestEventListeners()
     : repeater_(new internal::TestEventRepeater()),
       default_result_printer_(NULL),
       default_xml_generator_(NULL) {
@@ -3625,17 +3964,17 @@ void TestEventListeners::SuppressEventFo
 
 // Gets the singleton UnitTest object.  The first time this method is
 // called, a UnitTest object is constructed and returned.  Consecutive
 // calls will return the same object.
 //
 // We don't protect this under mutex_ as a user is not supposed to
 // call this before main() starts, from which point on the return
 // value will never change.
-UnitTest * UnitTest::GetInstance() {
+UnitTest* UnitTest::GetInstance() {
   // When compiled with MSVC 7.1 in optimized mode, destroying the
   // UnitTest object upon exiting the program messes up the exit code,
   // causing successful tests to appear failed.  We have to use a
   // different implementation in this case to bypass the compiler bug.
   // This implementation makes the compiler happy, at the cost of
   // leaking the UnitTest object.
 
   // CodeGear C++Builder insists on a public destructor for the
@@ -3675,27 +4014,43 @@ int UnitTest::test_case_to_run_count() c
 // Gets the number of successful tests.
 int UnitTest::successful_test_count() const {
   return impl()->successful_test_count();
 }
 
 // Gets the number of failed tests.
 int UnitTest::failed_test_count() const { return impl()->failed_test_count(); }
 
+// Gets the number of disabled tests that will be reported in the XML report.
+int UnitTest::reportable_disabled_test_count() const {
+  return impl()->reportable_disabled_test_count();
+}
+
 // Gets the number of disabled tests.
 int UnitTest::disabled_test_count() const {
   return impl()->disabled_test_count();
 }
 
+// Gets the number of tests to be printed in the XML report.
+int UnitTest::reportable_test_count() const {
+  return impl()->reportable_test_count();
+}
+
 // Gets the number of all tests.
 int UnitTest::total_test_count() const { return impl()->total_test_count(); }
 
 // Gets the number of tests that should run.
 int UnitTest::test_to_run_count() const { return impl()->test_to_run_count(); }
 
+// Gets the time of the test program start, in ms from the start of the
+// UNIX epoch.
+internal::TimeInMillis UnitTest::start_timestamp() const {
+    return impl()->start_timestamp();
+}
+
 // Gets the elapsed time, in milliseconds.
 internal::TimeInMillis UnitTest::elapsed_time() const {
   return impl()->elapsed_time();
 }
 
 // Returns true iff the unit test passed (i.e. all test cases passed).
 bool UnitTest::Passed() const { return impl()->Passed(); }
 
@@ -3704,16 +4059,22 @@ bool UnitTest::Passed() const { return i
 bool UnitTest::Failed() const { return impl()->Failed(); }
 
 // Gets the i-th test case among all the test cases. i can range from 0 to
 // total_test_case_count() - 1. If i is not in that range, returns NULL.
 const TestCase* UnitTest::GetTestCase(int i) const {
   return impl()->GetTestCase(i);
 }
 
+// Returns the TestResult containing information on test failures and
+// properties logged outside of individual test cases.
+const TestResult& UnitTest::ad_hoc_test_result() const {
+  return *impl()->ad_hoc_test_result();
+}
+
 // Gets the i-th test case among all the test cases. i can range from 0 to
 // total_test_case_count() - 1. If i is not in that range, returns NULL.
 TestCase* UnitTest::GetMutableTestCase(int i) {
   return impl()->GetMutableTestCase(i);
 }
 
 // Returns the list of event listeners that can be used to track events
 // inside Google Test.
@@ -3739,22 +4100,22 @@ Environment* UnitTest::AddEnvironment(En
   impl_->environments().push_back(env);
   return env;
 }
 
 // Adds a TestPartResult to the current TestResult object.  All Google Test
 // assertion macros (e.g. ASSERT_TRUE, EXPECT_EQ, etc) eventually call
 // this to report their results.  The user code should use the
 // assertion macros instead of calling this directly.
-// L < mutex_
-void UnitTest::AddTestPartResult(TestPartResult::Type result_type,
-                                 const char* file_name,
-                                 int line_number,
-                                 const internal::String& message,
-                                 const internal::String& os_stack_trace) {
+void UnitTest::AddTestPartResult(
+    TestPartResult::Type result_type,
+    const char* file_name,
+    int line_number,
+    const std::string& message,
+    const std::string& os_stack_trace) GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(mutex_) {
   Message msg;
   msg << message;
 
   internal::MutexLock lock(&mutex_);
   if (impl_->gtest_trace_stack().size() > 0) {
     msg << "\n" << GTEST_NAME_ << " trace:";
 
     for (int i = static_cast<int>(impl_->gtest_trace_stack().size());
@@ -3777,69 +4138,95 @@ void UnitTest::AddTestPartResult(TestPar
 
   if (result_type != TestPartResult::kSuccess) {
     // gtest_break_on_failure takes precedence over
     // gtest_throw_on_failure.  This allows a user to set the latter
     // in the code (perhaps in order to use Google Test assertions
     // with another testing framework) and specify the former on the
     // command line for debugging.
     if (GTEST_FLAG(break_on_failure)) {
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_PHONE && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_RT
       // Using DebugBreak on Windows allows gtest to still break into a debugger
       // when a failure happens and both the --gtest_break_on_failure and
       // the --gtest_catch_exceptions flags are specified.
       DebugBreak();
 #else
       // Dereference NULL through a volatile pointer to prevent the compiler
       // from removing. We use this rather than abort() or __builtin_trap() for
       // portability: Symbian doesn't implement abort() well, and some debuggers
       // don't correctly trap abort().
       *static_cast<volatile int*>(NULL) = 1;
 #endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
     } else if (GTEST_FLAG(throw_on_failure)) {
 #if GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
-      throw GoogleTestFailureException(result);
+      throw internal::GoogleTestFailureException(result);
 #else
       // We cannot call abort() as it generates a pop-up in debug mode
       // that cannot be suppressed in VC 7.1 or below.
       exit(1);
 #endif
     }
   }
 }
 
-// Creates and adds a property to the current TestResult. If a property matching
-// the supplied value already exists, updates its value instead.
-void UnitTest::RecordPropertyForCurrentTest(const char* key,
-                                            const char* value) {
-  const TestProperty test_property(key, value);
-  impl_->current_test_result()->RecordProperty(test_property);
+// Adds a TestProperty to the current TestResult object when invoked from
+// inside a test, to current TestCase's ad_hoc_test_result_ when invoked
+// from SetUpTestCase or TearDownTestCase, or to the global property set
+// when invoked elsewhere.  If the result already contains a property with
+// the same key, the value will be updated.
+void UnitTest::RecordProperty(const std::string& key,
+                              const std::string& value) {
+  impl_->RecordProperty(TestProperty(key, value));
 }
 
 // Runs all tests in this UnitTest object and prints the result.
 // Returns 0 if successful, or 1 otherwise.
 //
 // We don't protect this under mutex_, as we only support calling it
 // from the main thread.
 int UnitTest::Run() {
+  const bool in_death_test_child_process =
+      internal::GTEST_FLAG(internal_run_death_test).length() > 0;
+
+  // Google Test implements this protocol for catching that a test
+  // program exits before returning control to Google Test:
+  //
+  //   1. Upon start, Google Test creates a file whose absolute path
+  //      is specified by the environment variable
+  //      TEST_PREMATURE_EXIT_FILE.
+  //   2. When Google Test has finished its work, it deletes the file.
+  //
+  // This allows a test runner to set TEST_PREMATURE_EXIT_FILE before
+  // running a Google-Test-based test program and check the existence
+  // of the file at the end of the test execution to see if it has
+  // exited prematurely.
+
+  // If we are in the child process of a death test, don't
+  // create/delete the premature exit file, as doing so is unnecessary
+  // and will confuse the parent process.  Otherwise, create/delete
+  // the file upon entering/leaving this function.  If the program
+  // somehow exits before this function has a chance to return, the
+  // premature-exit file will be left undeleted, causing a test runner
+  // that understands the premature-exit-file protocol to report the
+  // test as having failed.
+  const internal::ScopedPrematureExitFile premature_exit_file(
+      in_death_test_child_process ?
+      NULL : internal::posix::GetEnv("TEST_PREMATURE_EXIT_FILE"));
+
   // Captures the value of GTEST_FLAG(catch_exceptions).  This value will be
   // used for the duration of the program.
   impl()->set_catch_exceptions(GTEST_FLAG(catch_exceptions));
 
 #if GTEST_HAS_SEH
-  const bool in_death_test_child_process =
-      internal::GTEST_FLAG(internal_run_death_test).length() > 0;
-
   // Either the user wants Google Test to catch exceptions thrown by the
   // tests or this is executing in the context of death test child
   // process. In either case the user does not want to see pop-up dialogs
   // about crashes - they are expected.
   if (impl()->catch_exceptions() || in_death_test_child_process) {
-
-# if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+# if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_PHONE && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_RT
     // SetErrorMode doesn't exist on CE.
     SetErrorMode(SEM_FAILCRITICALERRORS | SEM_NOALIGNMENTFAULTEXCEPT |
                  SEM_NOGPFAULTERRORBOX | SEM_NOOPENFILEERRORBOX);
 # endif  // !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
 
 # if (defined(_MSC_VER) || GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MINGW) && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
     // Death test children can be terminated with _abort().  On Windows,
     // _abort() can show a dialog with a warning message.  This forces the
@@ -3859,17 +4246,16 @@ int UnitTest::Run() {
     // clicking through the countless debug dialogs.
     // TODO(vladl@google.com): find a way to suppress the abort dialog() in the
     // debug mode when compiled with VC 7.1 or lower.
     if (!GTEST_FLAG(break_on_failure))
       _set_abort_behavior(
           0x0,                                    // Clear the following flags:
           _WRITE_ABORT_MSG | _CALL_REPORTFAULT);  // pop-up window, core dump.
 # endif
-
   }
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_SEH
 
   return internal::HandleExceptionsInMethodIfSupported(
       impl(),
       &internal::UnitTestImpl::RunAllTests,
       "auxiliary test code (environments or event listeners)") ? 0 : 1;
 }
@@ -3877,102 +4263,95 @@ int UnitTest::Run() {
 // Returns the working directory when the first TEST() or TEST_F() was
 // executed.
 const char* UnitTest::original_working_dir() const {
   return impl_->original_working_dir_.c_str();
 }
 
 // Returns the TestCase object for the test that's currently running,
 // or NULL if no test is running.
-// L < mutex_
-const TestCase* UnitTest::current_test_case() const {
+const TestCase* UnitTest::current_test_case() const
+    GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(mutex_) {
   internal::MutexLock lock(&mutex_);
   return impl_->current_test_case();
 }
 
 // Returns the TestInfo object for the test that's currently running,
 // or NULL if no test is running.
-// L < mutex_
-const TestInfo* UnitTest::current_test_info() const {
+const TestInfo* UnitTest::current_test_info() const
+    GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(mutex_) {
   internal::MutexLock lock(&mutex_);
   return impl_->current_test_info();
 }
 
 // Returns the random seed used at the start of the current test run.
 int UnitTest::random_seed() const { return impl_->random_seed(); }
 
 #if GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
 // Returns ParameterizedTestCaseRegistry object used to keep track of
 // value-parameterized tests and instantiate and register them.
-// L < mutex_
 internal::ParameterizedTestCaseRegistry&
-    UnitTest::parameterized_test_registry() {
+    UnitTest::parameterized_test_registry()
+        GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(mutex_) {
   return impl_->parameterized_test_registry();
 }
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
 
 // Creates an empty UnitTest.
 UnitTest::UnitTest() {
   impl_ = new internal::UnitTestImpl(this);
 }
 
 // Destructor of UnitTest.
 UnitTest::~UnitTest() {
   delete impl_;
 }
 
 // Pushes a trace defined by SCOPED_TRACE() on to the per-thread
 // Google Test trace stack.
-// L < mutex_
-void UnitTest::PushGTestTrace(const internal::TraceInfo& trace) {
+void UnitTest::PushGTestTrace(const internal::TraceInfo& trace)
+    GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(mutex_) {
   internal::MutexLock lock(&mutex_);
   impl_->gtest_trace_stack().push_back(trace);
 }
 
 // Pops a trace from the per-thread Google Test trace stack.
-// L < mutex_
-void UnitTest::PopGTestTrace() {
+void UnitTest::PopGTestTrace()
+    GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(mutex_) {
   internal::MutexLock lock(&mutex_);
   impl_->gtest_trace_stack().pop_back();
 }
 
 namespace internal {
 
 UnitTestImpl::UnitTestImpl(UnitTest* parent)
     : parent_(parent),
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-# pragma warning(push)                    // Saves the current warning state.
-# pragma warning(disable:4355)            // Temporarily disables warning 4355
-                                         // (using this in initializer).
+      GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(4355 /* using this in initializer */)
       default_global_test_part_result_reporter_(this),
       default_per_thread_test_part_result_reporter_(this),
-# pragma warning(pop)                     // Restores the warning state again.
-#else
-      default_global_test_part_result_reporter_(this),
-      default_per_thread_test_part_result_reporter_(this),
-#endif  // _MSC_VER
+      GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_()
       global_test_part_result_repoter_(
           &default_global_test_part_result_reporter_),
       per_thread_test_part_result_reporter_(
           &default_per_thread_test_part_result_reporter_),
 #if GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
       parameterized_test_registry_(),
       parameterized_tests_registered_(false),
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
       last_death_test_case_(-1),
       current_test_case_(NULL),
       current_test_info_(NULL),
       ad_hoc_test_result_(),
       os_stack_trace_getter_(NULL),
       post_flag_parse_init_performed_(false),
       random_seed_(0),  // Will be overridden by the flag before first use.
       random_(0),  // Will be reseeded before first use.
+      start_timestamp_(0),
       elapsed_time_(0),
 #if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
-      internal_run_death_test_flag_(NULL),
       death_test_factory_(new DefaultDeathTestFactory),
 #endif
       // Will be overridden by the flag before first use.
       catch_exceptions_(false) {
   listeners()->SetDefaultResultPrinter(new PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter);
 }
 
 UnitTestImpl::~UnitTestImpl() {
@@ -3980,47 +4359,69 @@ UnitTestImpl::~UnitTestImpl() {
   ForEach(test_cases_, internal::Delete<TestCase>);
 
   // Deletes every Environment.
   ForEach(environments_, internal::Delete<Environment>);
 
   delete os_stack_trace_getter_;
 }
 
+// Adds a TestProperty to the current TestResult object when invoked in a
+// context of a test, to current test case's ad_hoc_test_result when invoke
+// from SetUpTestCase/TearDownTestCase, or to the global property set
+// otherwise.  If the result already contains a property with the same key,
+// the value will be updated.
+void UnitTestImpl::RecordProperty(const TestProperty& test_property) {
+  std::string xml_element;
+  TestResult* test_result;  // TestResult appropriate for property recording.
+
+  if (current_test_info_ != NULL) {
+    xml_element = "testcase";
+    test_result = &(current_test_info_->result_);
+  } else if (current_test_case_ != NULL) {
+    xml_element = "testsuite";
+    test_result = &(current_test_case_->ad_hoc_test_result_);
+  } else {
+    xml_element = "testsuites";
+    test_result = &ad_hoc_test_result_;
+  }
+  test_result->RecordProperty(xml_element, test_property);
+}
+
 #if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
 // Disables event forwarding if the control is currently in a death test
 // subprocess. Must not be called before InitGoogleTest.
 void UnitTestImpl::SuppressTestEventsIfInSubprocess() {
   if (internal_run_death_test_flag_.get() != NULL)
     listeners()->SuppressEventForwarding();
 }
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
 
 // Initializes event listeners performing XML output as specified by
 // UnitTestOptions. Must not be called before InitGoogleTest.
 void UnitTestImpl::ConfigureXmlOutput() {
-  const String& output_format = UnitTestOptions::GetOutputFormat();
+  const std::string& output_format = UnitTestOptions::GetOutputFormat();
   if (output_format == "xml") {
     listeners()->SetDefaultXmlGenerator(new XmlUnitTestResultPrinter(
         UnitTestOptions::GetAbsolutePathToOutputFile().c_str()));
   } else if (output_format != "") {
     printf("WARNING: unrecognized output format \"%s\" ignored.\n",
            output_format.c_str());
     fflush(stdout);
   }
 }
 
 #if GTEST_CAN_STREAM_RESULTS_
-// Initializes event listeners for streaming test results in String form.
+// Initializes event listeners for streaming test results in string form.
 // Must not be called before InitGoogleTest.
 void UnitTestImpl::ConfigureStreamingOutput() {
-  const string& target = GTEST_FLAG(stream_result_to);
+  const std::string& target = GTEST_FLAG(stream_result_to);
   if (!target.empty()) {
     const size_t pos = target.find(':');
-    if (pos != string::npos) {
+    if (pos != std::string::npos) {
       listeners()->Append(new StreamingListener(target.substr(0, pos),
                                                 target.substr(pos+1)));
     } else {
       printf("WARNING: unrecognized streaming target \"%s\" ignored.\n",
              target.c_str());
       fflush(stdout);
     }
   }
@@ -4032,16 +4433,21 @@ void UnitTestImpl::ConfigureStreamingOut
 // ParseGoogleTestFlagsOnly.  In case a user neglects to call InitGoogleTest
 // this function is also called from RunAllTests.  Since this function can be
 // called more than once, it has to be idempotent.
 void UnitTestImpl::PostFlagParsingInit() {
   // Ensures that this function does not execute more than once.
   if (!post_flag_parse_init_performed_) {
     post_flag_parse_init_performed_ = true;
 
+#if defined(GTEST_CUSTOM_TEST_EVENT_LISTENER_)
+    // Register to send notifications about key process state changes.
+    listeners()->Append(new GTEST_CUSTOM_TEST_EVENT_LISTENER_());
+#endif  // defined(GTEST_CUSTOM_TEST_EVENT_LISTENER_)
+
 #if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
     InitDeathTestSubprocessControlInfo();
     SuppressTestEventsIfInSubprocess();
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
 
     // Registers parameterized tests. This makes parameterized tests
     // available to the UnitTest reflection API without running
     // RUN_ALL_TESTS.
@@ -4064,26 +4470,26 @@ void UnitTestImpl::PostFlagParsingInit()
 // This is used for implementation of the UnitTest class only.  We put
 // it in the anonymous namespace to prevent polluting the outer
 // namespace.
 //
 // TestCaseNameIs is copyable.
 class TestCaseNameIs {
  public:
   // Constructor.
-  explicit TestCaseNameIs(const String& name)
+  explicit TestCaseNameIs(const std::string& name)
       : name_(name) {}
 
   // Returns true iff the name of test_case matches name_.
   bool operator()(const TestCase* test_case) const {
     return test_case != NULL && strcmp(test_case->name(), name_.c_str()) == 0;
   }
 
  private:
-  String name_;
+  std::string name_;
 };
 
 // Finds and returns a TestCase with the given name.  If one doesn't
 // exist, creates one and returns it.  It's the CALLER'S
 // RESPONSIBILITY to ensure that this function is only called WHEN THE
 // TESTS ARE NOT SHUFFLED.
 //
 // Arguments:
@@ -4105,17 +4511,17 @@ TestCase* UnitTestImpl::GetTestCase(cons
   if (test_case != test_cases_.end())
     return *test_case;
 
   // No.  Let's create one.
   TestCase* const new_test_case =
       new TestCase(test_case_name, type_param, set_up_tc, tear_down_tc);
 
   // Is this a death test case?
-  if (internal::UnitTestOptions::MatchesFilter(String(test_case_name),
+  if (internal::UnitTestOptions::MatchesFilter(test_case_name,
                                                kDeathTestCaseFilter)) {
     // Yes.  Inserts the test case after the last death test case
     // defined so far.  This only works when the test cases haven't
     // been shuffled.  Otherwise we may end up running a death test
     // after a non-death test.
     ++last_death_test_case_;
     test_cases_.insert(test_cases_.begin() + last_death_test_case_,
                        new_test_case);
@@ -4165,16 +4571,21 @@ bool UnitTestImpl::RunAllTests() {
   internal::WriteToShardStatusFileIfNeeded();
 
   // True iff we are in a subprocess for running a thread-safe-style
   // death test.
   bool in_subprocess_for_death_test = false;
 
 #if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
   in_subprocess_for_death_test = (internal_run_death_test_flag_.get() != NULL);
+# if defined(GTEST_EXTRA_DEATH_TEST_CHILD_SETUP_)
+  if (in_subprocess_for_death_test) {
+    GTEST_EXTRA_DEATH_TEST_CHILD_SETUP_();
+  }
+# endif  // defined(GTEST_EXTRA_DEATH_TEST_CHILD_SETUP_)
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
 
   const bool should_shard = ShouldShard(kTestTotalShards, kTestShardIndex,
                                         in_subprocess_for_death_test);
 
   // Compares the full test names with the filter to decide which
   // tests to run.
   const bool has_tests_to_run = FilterTests(should_shard
@@ -4191,16 +4602,17 @@ bool UnitTestImpl::RunAllTests() {
   random_seed_ = GTEST_FLAG(shuffle) ?
       GetRandomSeedFromFlag(GTEST_FLAG(random_seed)) : 0;
 
   // True iff at least one test has failed.
   bool failed = false;
 
   TestEventListener* repeater = listeners()->repeater();
 
+  start_timestamp_ = GetTimeInMillis();
   repeater->OnTestProgramStart(*parent_);
 
   // How many times to repeat the tests?  We don't want to repeat them
   // when we are inside the subprocess of a death test.
   const int repeat = in_subprocess_for_death_test ? 1 : GTEST_FLAG(repeat);
   // Repeats forever if the repeat count is negative.
   const bool forever = repeat < 0;
   for (int i = 0; forever || i != repeat; i++) {
@@ -4383,22 +4795,22 @@ int UnitTestImpl::FilterTests(ReactionTo
   // num_runnable_tests are the number of tests that will
   // run across all shards (i.e., match filter and are not disabled).
   // num_selected_tests are the number of tests to be run on
   // this shard.
   int num_runnable_tests = 0;
   int num_selected_tests = 0;
   for (size_t i = 0; i < test_cases_.size(); i++) {
     TestCase* const test_case = test_cases_[i];
-    const String &test_case_name = test_case->name();
+    const std::string &test_case_name = test_case->name();
     test_case->set_should_run(false);
 
     for (size_t j = 0; j < test_case->test_info_list().size(); j++) {
       TestInfo* const test_info = test_case->test_info_list()[j];
-      const String test_name(test_info->name());
+      const std::string test_name(test_info->name());
       // A test is disabled if test case name or test name matches
       // kDisableTestFilter.
       const bool is_disabled =
           internal::UnitTestOptions::MatchesFilter(test_case_name,
                                                    kDisableTestFilter) ||
           internal::UnitTestOptions::MatchesFilter(test_name,
                                                    kDisableTestFilter);
       test_info->is_disabled_ = is_disabled;
@@ -4422,31 +4834,70 @@ int UnitTestImpl::FilterTests(ReactionTo
 
       test_info->should_run_ = is_selected;
       test_case->set_should_run(test_case->should_run() || is_selected);
     }
   }
   return num_selected_tests;
 }
 
+// Prints the given C-string on a single line by replacing all '\n'
+// characters with string "\\n".  If the output takes more than
+// max_length characters, only prints the first max_length characters
+// and "...".
+static void PrintOnOneLine(const char* str, int max_length) {
+  if (str != NULL) {
+    for (int i = 0; *str != '\0'; ++str) {
+      if (i >= max_length) {
+        printf("...");
+        break;
+      }
+      if (*str == '\n') {
+        printf("\\n");
+        i += 2;
+      } else {
+        printf("%c", *str);
+        ++i;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
 // Prints the names of the tests matching the user-specified filter flag.
 void UnitTestImpl::ListTestsMatchingFilter() {
+  // Print at most this many characters for each type/value parameter.
+  const int kMaxParamLength = 250;
+
   for (size_t i = 0; i < test_cases_.size(); i++) {
     const TestCase* const test_case = test_cases_[i];
     bool printed_test_case_name = false;
 
     for (size_t j = 0; j < test_case->test_info_list().size(); j++) {
       const TestInfo* const test_info =
           test_case->test_info_list()[j];
       if (test_info->matches_filter_) {
         if (!printed_test_case_name) {
           printed_test_case_name = true;
-          printf("%s.\n", test_case->name());
+          printf("%s.", test_case->name());
+          if (test_case->type_param() != NULL) {
+            printf("  # %s = ", kTypeParamLabel);
+            // We print the type parameter on a single line to make
+            // the output easy to parse by a program.
+            PrintOnOneLine(test_case->type_param(), kMaxParamLength);
+          }
+          printf("\n");
         }
-        printf("  %s\n", test_info->name());
+        printf("  %s", test_info->name());
+        if (test_info->value_param() != NULL) {
+          printf("  # %s = ", kValueParamLabel);
+          // We print the value parameter on a single line to make the
+          // output easy to parse by a program.
+          PrintOnOneLine(test_info->value_param(), kMaxParamLength);
+        }
+        printf("\n");
       }
     }
   }
   fflush(stdout);
 }
 
 // Sets the OS stack trace getter.
 //
@@ -4461,17 +4912,21 @@ void UnitTestImpl::set_os_stack_trace_ge
   }
 }
 
 // Returns the current OS stack trace getter if it is not NULL;
 // otherwise, creates an OsStackTraceGetter, makes it the current
 // getter, and returns it.
 OsStackTraceGetterInterface* UnitTestImpl::os_stack_trace_getter() {
   if (os_stack_trace_getter_ == NULL) {
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_STACK_TRACE_GETTER_
+    os_stack_trace_getter_ = new GTEST_OS_STACK_TRACE_GETTER_;
+#else
     os_stack_trace_getter_ = new OsStackTraceGetter;
+#endif  // GTEST_OS_STACK_TRACE_GETTER_
   }
 
   return os_stack_trace_getter_;
 }
 
 // Returns the TestResult for the test that's currently running, or
 // the TestResult for the ad hoc test if no test is running.
 TestResult* UnitTestImpl::current_test_result() {
@@ -4500,28 +4955,28 @@ void UnitTestImpl::UnshuffleTests() {
   for (size_t i = 0; i < test_cases_.size(); i++) {
     // Unshuffles the tests in each test case.
     test_cases_[i]->UnshuffleTests();
     // Resets the index of each test case.
     test_case_indices_[i] = static_cast<int>(i);
   }
 }
 
-// Returns the current OS stack trace as a String.
+// Returns the current OS stack trace as an std::string.
 //
 // The maximum number of stack frames to be included is specified by
 // the gtest_stack_trace_depth flag.  The skip_count parameter
 // specifies the number of top frames to be skipped, which doesn't
 // count against the number of frames to be included.
 //
 // For example, if Foo() calls Bar(), which in turn calls
 // GetCurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop(..., 1), Foo() will be included in
 // the trace but Bar() and GetCurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop() won't.
-String GetCurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop(UnitTest* /*unit_test*/,
-                                       int skip_count) {
+std::string GetCurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop(UnitTest* /*unit_test*/,
+                                            int skip_count) {
   // We pass skip_count + 1 to skip this wrapper function in addition
   // to what the user really wants to skip.
   return GetUnitTestImpl()->CurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop(skip_count + 1);
 }
 
 // Used by the GTEST_SUPPRESS_UNREACHABLE_CODE_WARNING_BELOW_ macro to
 // suppress unreachable code warnings.
 namespace {
@@ -4559,17 +5014,17 @@ bool SkipPrefix(const char* prefix, cons
 // Returns the value of the flag, or NULL if the parsing failed.
 const char* ParseFlagValue(const char* str,
                            const char* flag,
                            bool def_optional) {
   // str and flag must not be NULL.
   if (str == NULL || flag == NULL) return NULL;
 
   // The flag must start with "--" followed by GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_.
-  const String flag_str = String::Format("--%s%s", GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_, flag);
+  const std::string flag_str = std::string("--") + GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ + flag;
   const size_t flag_len = flag_str.length();
   if (strncmp(str, flag_str.c_str(), flag_len) != 0) return NULL;
 
   // Skips the flag name.
   const char* flag_end = str + flag_len;
 
   // When def_optional is true, it's OK to not have a "=value" part.
   if (def_optional && (flag_end[0] == '\0')) {
@@ -4624,17 +5079,17 @@ bool ParseInt32Flag(const char* str, con
                     value_str, value);
 }
 
 // Parses a string for a string flag, in the form of
 // "--flag=value".
 //
 // On success, stores the value of the flag in *value, and returns
 // true.  On failure, returns false without changing *value.
-bool ParseStringFlag(const char* str, const char* flag, String* value) {
+bool ParseStringFlag(const char* str, const char* flag, std::string* value) {
   // Gets the value of the flag as a string.
   const char* const value_str = ParseFlagValue(str, flag, false);
 
   // Aborts if the parsing failed.
   if (value_str == NULL) return false;
 
   // Sets *value to the value of the flag.
   *value = value_str;
@@ -4676,17 +5131,17 @@ static void PrintColorEncoded(const char
   // next segment.
   for (;;) {
     const char* p = strchr(str, '@');
     if (p == NULL) {
       ColoredPrintf(color, "%s", str);
       return;
     }
 
-    ColoredPrintf(color, "%s", String(str, p - str).c_str());
+    ColoredPrintf(color, "%s", std::string(str, p).c_str());
 
     const char ch = p[1];
     str = p + 2;
     if (ch == '@') {
       ColoredPrintf(color, "@");
     } else if (ch == 'D') {
       color = COLOR_DEFAULT;
     } else if (ch == 'R') {
@@ -4760,77 +5215,112 @@ static const char kColorEncodedHelpMessa
     "color=no@D or set\n"
 "the @G" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_UPPER_ "COLOR@D environment variable to @Gno@D.\n"
 "\n"
 "For more information, please read the " GTEST_NAME_ " documentation at\n"
 "@G" GTEST_PROJECT_URL_ "@D. If you find a bug in " GTEST_NAME_ "\n"
 "(not one in your own code or tests), please report it to\n"
 "@G<" GTEST_DEV_EMAIL_ ">@D.\n";
 
+bool ParseGoogleTestFlag(const char* const arg) {
+  return ParseBoolFlag(arg, kAlsoRunDisabledTestsFlag,
+                       &GTEST_FLAG(also_run_disabled_tests)) ||
+      ParseBoolFlag(arg, kBreakOnFailureFlag,
+                    &GTEST_FLAG(break_on_failure)) ||
+      ParseBoolFlag(arg, kCatchExceptionsFlag,
+                    &GTEST_FLAG(catch_exceptions)) ||
+      ParseStringFlag(arg, kColorFlag, &GTEST_FLAG(color)) ||
+      ParseStringFlag(arg, kDeathTestStyleFlag,
+                      &GTEST_FLAG(death_test_style)) ||
+      ParseBoolFlag(arg, kDeathTestUseFork,
+                    &GTEST_FLAG(death_test_use_fork)) ||
+      ParseStringFlag(arg, kFilterFlag, &GTEST_FLAG(filter)) ||
+      ParseStringFlag(arg, kInternalRunDeathTestFlag,
+                      &GTEST_FLAG(internal_run_death_test)) ||
+      ParseBoolFlag(arg, kListTestsFlag, &GTEST_FLAG(list_tests)) ||
+      ParseStringFlag(arg, kOutputFlag, &GTEST_FLAG(output)) ||
+      ParseBoolFlag(arg, kPrintTimeFlag, &GTEST_FLAG(print_time)) ||
+      ParseInt32Flag(arg, kRandomSeedFlag, &GTEST_FLAG(random_seed)) ||
+      ParseInt32Flag(arg, kRepeatFlag, &GTEST_FLAG(repeat)) ||
+      ParseBoolFlag(arg, kShuffleFlag, &GTEST_FLAG(shuffle)) ||
+      ParseInt32Flag(arg, kStackTraceDepthFlag,
+                     &GTEST_FLAG(stack_trace_depth)) ||
+      ParseStringFlag(arg, kStreamResultToFlag,
+                      &GTEST_FLAG(stream_result_to)) ||
+      ParseBoolFlag(arg, kThrowOnFailureFlag,
+                    &GTEST_FLAG(throw_on_failure));
+}
+
+#if GTEST_USE_OWN_FLAGFILE_FLAG_
+void LoadFlagsFromFile(const std::string& path) {
+  FILE* flagfile = posix::FOpen(path.c_str(), "r");
+  if (!flagfile) {
+    fprintf(stderr,
+            "Unable to open file \"%s\"\n",
+            GTEST_FLAG(flagfile).c_str());
+    fflush(stderr);
+    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+  }
+  std::string contents(ReadEntireFile(flagfile));
+  posix::FClose(flagfile);
+  std::vector<std::string> lines;
+  SplitString(contents, '\n', &lines);
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < lines.size(); ++i) {
+    if (lines[i].empty())
+      continue;
+    if (!ParseGoogleTestFlag(lines[i].c_str()))
+      g_help_flag = true;
+  }
+}
+#endif  // GTEST_USE_OWN_FLAGFILE_FLAG_
+
 // Parses the command line for Google Test flags, without initializing
 // other parts of Google Test.  The type parameter CharType can be
 // instantiated to either char or wchar_t.
 template <typename CharType>
 void ParseGoogleTestFlagsOnlyImpl(int* argc, CharType** argv) {
   for (int i = 1; i < *argc; i++) {
-    const String arg_string = StreamableToString(argv[i]);
+    const std::string arg_string = StreamableToString(argv[i]);
     const char* const arg = arg_string.c_str();
 
     using internal::ParseBoolFlag;
     using internal::ParseInt32Flag;
     using internal::ParseStringFlag;
 
-    // Do we see a Google Test flag?
-    if (ParseBoolFlag(arg, kAlsoRunDisabledTestsFlag,
-                      &GTEST_FLAG(also_run_disabled_tests)) ||
-        ParseBoolFlag(arg, kBreakOnFailureFlag,
-                      &GTEST_FLAG(break_on_failure)) ||
-        ParseBoolFlag(arg, kCatchExceptionsFlag,
-                      &GTEST_FLAG(catch_exceptions)) ||
-        ParseStringFlag(arg, kColorFlag, &GTEST_FLAG(color)) ||
-        ParseStringFlag(arg, kDeathTestStyleFlag,
-                        &GTEST_FLAG(death_test_style)) ||
-        ParseBoolFlag(arg, kDeathTestUseFork,
-                      &GTEST_FLAG(death_test_use_fork)) ||
-        ParseStringFlag(arg, kFilterFlag, &GTEST_FLAG(filter)) ||
-        ParseStringFlag(arg, kInternalRunDeathTestFlag,
-                        &GTEST_FLAG(internal_run_death_test)) ||
-        ParseBoolFlag(arg, kListTestsFlag, &GTEST_FLAG(list_tests)) ||
-        ParseStringFlag(arg, kOutputFlag, &GTEST_FLAG(output)) ||
-        ParseBoolFlag(arg, kPrintTimeFlag, &GTEST_FLAG(print_time)) ||
-        ParseInt32Flag(arg, kRandomSeedFlag, &GTEST_FLAG(random_seed)) ||
-        ParseInt32Flag(arg, kRepeatFlag, &GTEST_FLAG(repeat)) ||
-        ParseBoolFlag(arg, kShuffleFlag, &GTEST_FLAG(shuffle)) ||
-        ParseInt32Flag(arg, kStackTraceDepthFlag,
-                       &GTEST_FLAG(stack_trace_depth)) ||
-        ParseStringFlag(arg, kStreamResultToFlag,
-                        &GTEST_FLAG(stream_result_to)) ||
-        ParseBoolFlag(arg, kThrowOnFailureFlag,
-                      &GTEST_FLAG(throw_on_failure))
-        ) {
-      // Yes.  Shift the remainder of the argv list left by one.  Note
+    bool remove_flag = false;
+    if (ParseGoogleTestFlag(arg)) {
+      remove_flag = true;
+#if GTEST_USE_OWN_FLAGFILE_FLAG_
+    } else if (ParseStringFlag(arg, kFlagfileFlag, &GTEST_FLAG(flagfile))) {
+      LoadFlagsFromFile(GTEST_FLAG(flagfile));
+      remove_flag = true;
+#endif  // GTEST_USE_OWN_FLAGFILE_FLAG_
+    } else if (arg_string == "--help" || arg_string == "-h" ||
+               arg_string == "-?" || arg_string == "/?" ||
+               HasGoogleTestFlagPrefix(arg)) {
+      // Both help flag and unrecognized Google Test flags (excluding
+      // internal ones) trigger help display.
+      g_help_flag = true;
+    }
+
+    if (remove_flag) {
+      // Shift the remainder of the argv list left by one.  Note
       // that argv has (*argc + 1) elements, the last one always being
       // NULL.  The following loop moves the trailing NULL element as
       // well.
       for (int j = i; j != *argc; j++) {
         argv[j] = argv[j + 1];
       }
 
       // Decrements the argument count.
       (*argc)--;
 
       // We also need to decrement the iterator as we just removed
       // an element.
       i--;
-    } else if (arg_string == "--help" || arg_string == "-h" ||
-               arg_string == "-?" || arg_string == "/?" ||
-               HasGoogleTestFlagPrefix(arg)) {
-      // Both help flag and unrecognized Google Test flags (excluding
-      // internal ones) trigger help display.
-      g_help_flag = true;
     }
   }
 
   if (g_help_flag) {
     // We print the help here instead of in RUN_ALL_TESTS(), as the
     // latter may not be called at all if the user is using Google
     // Test with another testing framework.
     PrintColorEncoded(kColorEncodedHelpMessage);
@@ -4847,52 +5337,52 @@ void ParseGoogleTestFlagsOnly(int* argc,
 }
 
 // The internal implementation of InitGoogleTest().
 //
 // The type parameter CharType can be instantiated to either char or
 // wchar_t.
 template <typename CharType>
 void InitGoogleTestImpl(int* argc, CharType** argv) {
-  g_init_gtest_count++;
-
   // We don't want to run the initialization code twice.
-  if (g_init_gtest_count != 1) return;
+  if (GTestIsInitialized()) return;
 
   if (*argc <= 0) return;
 
-  internal::g_executable_path = internal::StreamableToString(argv[0]);
-
-#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
-
   g_argvs.clear();
   for (int i = 0; i != *argc; i++) {
     g_argvs.push_back(StreamableToString(argv[i]));
   }
 
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
-
   ParseGoogleTestFlagsOnly(argc, argv);
   GetUnitTestImpl()->PostFlagParsingInit();
 }
 
 }  // namespace internal
 
 // Initializes Google Test.  This must be called before calling
 // RUN_ALL_TESTS().  In particular, it parses a command line for the
 // flags that Google Test recognizes.  Whenever a Google Test flag is
 // seen, it is removed from argv, and *argc is decremented.
 //
 // No value is returned.  Instead, the Google Test flag variables are
 // updated.
 //
 // Calling the function for the second time has no user-visible effect.
 void InitGoogleTest(int* argc, char** argv) {
+#if defined(GTEST_CUSTOM_INIT_GOOGLE_TEST_FUNCTION_)
+  GTEST_CUSTOM_INIT_GOOGLE_TEST_FUNCTION_(argc, argv);
+#else  // defined(GTEST_CUSTOM_INIT_GOOGLE_TEST_FUNCTION_)
   internal::InitGoogleTestImpl(argc, argv);
+#endif  // defined(GTEST_CUSTOM_INIT_GOOGLE_TEST_FUNCTION_)
 }
 
 // This overloaded version can be used in Windows programs compiled in
 // UNICODE mode.
 void InitGoogleTest(int* argc, wchar_t** argv) {
+#if defined(GTEST_CUSTOM_INIT_GOOGLE_TEST_FUNCTION_)
+  GTEST_CUSTOM_INIT_GOOGLE_TEST_FUNCTION_(argc, argv);
+#else  // defined(GTEST_CUSTOM_INIT_GOOGLE_TEST_FUNCTION_)
   internal::InitGoogleTestImpl(argc, argv);
+#endif  // defined(GTEST_CUSTOM_INIT_GOOGLE_TEST_FUNCTION_)
 }
 
 }  // namespace testing
--- a/testing/gtest/gtest/src/gtest_main.cc
+++ b/testing/gtest/gtest/src/gtest_main.cc
@@ -22,18 +22,17 @@
 // OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
 // SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
 // LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
 // DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
 // THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
 // (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
 // OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 
-#include <iostream>
+#include <stdio.h>
 
 #include "gtest/gtest.h"
 
 GTEST_API_ int main(int argc, char **argv) {
-  std::cout << "Running main() from gtest_main.cc\n";
-
+  printf("Running main() from gtest_main.cc\n");
   testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
   return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
 }